[{"data":1,"prerenderedAt":4366},["ShallowReactive",2],{"reading-augustine-monks":3,"authors":41,"doc-augustine-monks":1672,"transcription-cols-augustine-monks":1751,"translation-cols-augustine-monks":3110},{"id":4,"title":5,"author":6,"body":7,"description":22,"document":23,"extension":24,"key":25,"meta":26,"navigation":29,"page_end":30,"page_start":31,"path":32,"pdf_page_end":33,"pdf_page_start":34,"section":5,"seo":35,"stem":36,"title_en":37,"translator":38,"year":39,"__hash__":40},"readingsMeta\u002Freadings\u002Fmeta\u002Faugustine-monks.md","De opere monachorum","augustine",{"type":8,"value":9,"toc":18},"minimark",[10],[11,12,13,14,17],"p",{},"Augustine's ",[15,16,5],"em",{}," (c. 401) was written at the request of Aurelius, bishop of Carthage, in response to a controversy among North African monks who refused manual labor, citing Matthew 6:25–34 (\"consider the lilies of the field\") as grounds for living solely on alms. Augustine argues systematically from Paul's letters — especially 1 and 2 Thessalonians and 1 Corinthians — that the apostolic example obliges monks to work with their hands, and that the gospel precepts concern trust in providence, not exemption from labor.",{"title":19,"searchDepth":20,"depth":20,"links":21},"",2,[],"Augustine's De opere monachorum (c. 401) was written at the request of Aurelius, bishop of Carthage, in response to a controversy among North African monks who refused manual labor, citing Matthew 6:25–34 (\"consider the lilies of the field\") as grounds for living solely on alms. Augustine argues systematically from Paul's letters — especially 1 and 2 Thessalonians and 1 Corinthians — that the apostolic example obliges monks to work with their hands, and that the gospel precepts concern trust in providence, not exemption from labor.","csel-41","md","augustine-monks",{"start_text":27,"end_text":28},"Iussioni tuae, sancte frater Aureli, tanto deuotius obtemperare me oportuit","rescriptis tuae beatitudinis nouerim",true,"594","531","\u002Freadings\u002Fmeta\u002Faugustine-monks",650,587,{"title":5,"description":22},"readings\u002Fmeta\u002Faugustine-monks","On the Work of Monks",null,401,"AgHDva-vlxpXrd49iXLcb47KVWIaGNH0hMhhcSGtOAg",[42,80,122,159,186,204,224,262,292,327,354,397,442,493,515,539,569,596,630,664,690,721,748,777,804,844,875,901,922,943,977,1003,1024,1059,1079,1109,1130,1151,1172,1205,1234,1264,1294,1319,1349,1368,1404,1429,1454,1482,1511,1538,1568,1597,1617,1643],{"id":43,"title":44,"body":45,"born":68,"description":69,"died":70,"extension":24,"image":71,"key":72,"meta":73,"name":52,"name_en":74,"navigation":29,"path":75,"seo":76,"stem":77,"wikipedia":78,"__hash__":79},"authors\u002Fauthors\u002Falbert-the-great.md","Albert The Great",{"type":8,"value":46,"toc":66},[47],[11,48,49,50,53,54,57,58,61,62,65],{},"Albert the Great (",[15,51,52],{},"Albertus Magnus",", c. 1200–1280) was a German Dominican friar, philosopher, bishop of Regensburg, and one of the most learned figures of the thirteenth century, known as the ",[15,55,56],{},"Doctor Universalis",". He was among the first medieval scholars to integrate the newly translated Aristotelian corpus into Christian thought, producing extensive paraphrases and commentaries on nearly all of Aristotle's works, as well as a massive ",[15,59,60],{},"Commentary on the Sentences"," of Peter Lombard, a ",[15,63,64],{},"Summa Theologiae",", and treatises on natural philosophy, botany, and mineralogy. He taught at Paris and Cologne — where Thomas Aquinas was his most famous student — and shaped the Dominican intellectual tradition for generations. He was canonized in 1931 and declared a Doctor of the Church.",{"title":19,"searchDepth":20,"depth":20,"links":67},[],1200,"Albert the Great (Albertus Magnus, c. 1200–1280) was a German Dominican friar, philosopher, bishop of Regensburg, and one of the most learned figures of the thirteenth century, known as the Doctor Universalis. He was among the first medieval scholars to integrate the newly translated Aristotelian corpus into Christian thought, producing extensive paraphrases and commentaries on nearly all of Aristotle's works, as well as a massive Commentary on the Sentences of Peter Lombard, a Summa Theologiae, and treatises on natural philosophy, botany, and mineralogy. He taught at Paris and Cologne — where Thomas Aquinas was his most famous student — and shaped the Dominican intellectual tradition for generations. He was canonized in 1931 and declared a Doctor of the Church.",1280,"\u002Fa\u002Falbert-the-great.jpg","albert-the-great",{},"Albert the Great","\u002Fauthors\u002Falbert-the-great",{"description":69},"authors\u002Falbert-the-great","https:\u002F\u002Fen.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FAlbertus_Magnus","KeG3-K8ed5BbkReWwTlEdMp5xn7sJf20hUvLX6pvBrw",{"id":81,"title":82,"body":83,"born":110,"description":111,"died":112,"extension":24,"image":113,"key":114,"meta":115,"name":90,"name_en":116,"navigation":29,"path":117,"seo":118,"stem":119,"wikipedia":120,"__hash__":121},"authors\u002Fauthors\u002Falexander-of-hales.md","Alexander Of Hales",{"type":8,"value":84,"toc":108},[85],[11,86,87,88,91,92,95,96,99,100,103,104,107],{},"Alexander of Hales (",[15,89,90],{},"Alexander Halensis",", c. 1185–1245) was an English Franciscan theologian and master of the University of Paris, known as the ",[15,93,94],{},"Doctor Irrefragabilis"," (\"Irrefragable Doctor\"). After entering the Order of Friars Minor around 1236 as an established master, he transferred his chair in theology to the Franciscans, making him the first Franciscan regent master at Paris. He is credited with being the first scholastic to use Peter Lombard's ",[15,97,98],{},"Sentences"," as a textbook for systematic theology, and his lectures and disputations form the nucleus of the ",[15,101,102],{},"Summa Theologica"," (the ",[15,105,106],{},"Summa Halensis",") — a massive synthesis assembled, after his death, by his Franciscan students and collaborators. The work exerted profound influence on Bonaventure and the early Franciscan school.",{"title":19,"searchDepth":20,"depth":20,"links":109},[],1185,"Alexander of Hales (Alexander Halensis, c. 1185–1245) was an English Franciscan theologian and master of the University of Paris, known as the Doctor Irrefragabilis (\"Irrefragable Doctor\"). After entering the Order of Friars Minor around 1236 as an established master, he transferred his chair in theology to the Franciscans, making him the first Franciscan regent master at Paris. He is credited with being the first scholastic to use Peter Lombard's Sentences as a textbook for systematic theology, and his lectures and disputations form the nucleus of the Summa Theologica (the Summa Halensis) — a massive synthesis assembled, after his death, by his Franciscan students and collaborators. The work exerted profound influence on Bonaventure and the early Franciscan school.",1245,"\u002Fa\u002Falexander-of-hales.jpg","alexander-of-hales",{},"Alexander of Hales","\u002Fauthors\u002Falexander-of-hales",{"description":111},"authors\u002Falexander-of-hales","https:\u002F\u002Fen.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FAlexander_of_Hales","x-I-vMA6IXKaIjl_dQlCh-PClxCTJu2z1hip_74UfzA",{"id":123,"title":124,"body":125,"born":146,"description":147,"died":148,"extension":24,"image":149,"key":150,"meta":151,"name":152,"name_en":153,"navigation":29,"path":154,"seo":155,"stem":156,"wikipedia":157,"__hash__":158},"authors\u002Fauthors\u002Fambrose-of-milan.md","Ambrose Of Milan",{"type":8,"value":126,"toc":144},[127],[11,128,129,130,133,134,133,137,133,140,143],{},"Ambrose of Milan (c. 339–397) was bishop of Milan from 374 until his death and is counted among the four traditional Latin Doctors of the Church. Born at Trier into a Roman senatorial family, he was serving as governor of Aemilia-Liguria when the people of Milan acclaimed him bishop while he was still only a catechumen; he was baptized, ordained, and consecrated within a single week. As bishop he confronted Arian factions at court, defended ecclesiastical independence against the emperors Valentinian II and Theodosius — most famously imposing public penance on Theodosius after the massacre at Thessalonica — and instructed and baptized Augustine of Hippo. His exegetical works (commentaries on Luke, the Psalms, Genesis, and the patriarchs), dogmatic treatises (",[15,131,132],{},"De fide",", ",[15,135,136],{},"De Spiritu Sancto",[15,138,139],{},"De mysteriis",[15,141,142],{},"De officiis ministrorum","), Latin hymns, and pastoral letters shaped Latin theology, liturgy, and political thought throughout the Middle Ages.",{"title":19,"searchDepth":20,"depth":20,"links":145},[],339,"Ambrose of Milan (c. 339–397) was bishop of Milan from 374 until his death and is counted among the four traditional Latin Doctors of the Church. Born at Trier into a Roman senatorial family, he was serving as governor of Aemilia-Liguria when the people of Milan acclaimed him bishop while he was still only a catechumen; he was baptized, ordained, and consecrated within a single week. As bishop he confronted Arian factions at court, defended ecclesiastical independence against the emperors Valentinian II and Theodosius — most famously imposing public penance on Theodosius after the massacre at Thessalonica — and instructed and baptized Augustine of Hippo. His exegetical works (commentaries on Luke, the Psalms, Genesis, and the patriarchs), dogmatic treatises (De fide, De Spiritu Sancto, De mysteriis, De officiis ministrorum), Latin hymns, and pastoral letters shaped Latin theology, liturgy, and political thought throughout the Middle Ages.",397,"\u002Fa\u002Fambrose-of-milan.jpg","ambrose-of-milan",{},"Ambrosius Mediolanensis","Ambrose of Milan","\u002Fauthors\u002Fambrose-of-milan",{"description":147},"authors\u002Fambrose-of-milan","https:\u002F\u002Fen.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FAmbrose","1gIrF-hUENGnRPASStdOtIUKvnVnSMAFcm-L50Sep-Q",{"id":160,"title":161,"body":162,"born":173,"description":174,"died":175,"extension":24,"image":176,"key":177,"meta":178,"name":179,"name_en":180,"navigation":29,"path":181,"seo":182,"stem":183,"wikipedia":184,"__hash__":185},"authors\u002Fauthors\u002Fangelus-de-clavasio.md","Angelus De Clavasio",{"type":8,"value":163,"toc":171},[164],[11,165,166,167,170],{},"Angelus de Clavasio (Angelo Carletti di Chivasso, c. 1411–1495) was an Italian Observant Franciscan friar, moral theologian, and papal legate. Born at Chivasso in Piedmont, he studied at Bologna, earning doctorates in canon and civil law and in theology, before entering the Observant Franciscans, among whom he repeatedly served as vicar general. He was best known for his ",[15,168,169],{},"Summa angelica de casibus conscientiae",", an alphabetically arranged confessor's manual that became one of the most widely printed handbooks of moral and canonical casuistry of the late fifteenth century — so prominent that Luther consigned it to the flames alongside the canon law in 1520. He was beatified in 1753.",{"title":19,"searchDepth":20,"depth":20,"links":172},[],1411,"Angelus de Clavasio (Angelo Carletti di Chivasso, c. 1411–1495) was an Italian Observant Franciscan friar, moral theologian, and papal legate. Born at Chivasso in Piedmont, he studied at Bologna, earning doctorates in canon and civil law and in theology, before entering the Observant Franciscans, among whom he repeatedly served as vicar general. He was best known for his Summa angelica de casibus conscientiae, an alphabetically arranged confessor's manual that became one of the most widely printed handbooks of moral and canonical casuistry of the late fifteenth century — so prominent that Luther consigned it to the flames alongside the canon law in 1520. He was beatified in 1753.",1495,"\u002Fa\u002Fangelus-de-clavasio.jpg","angelus-de-clavasio",{},"Angelus de Clavasio","Angelo Carletti di Chivasso","\u002Fauthors\u002Fangelus-de-clavasio",{"description":174},"authors\u002Fangelus-de-clavasio","https:\u002F\u002Fen.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FAngelo_Carletti_di_Chivasso","EByOyDoS6BVw15dZTgofSW93myBxBv17eL4x_V_ggd8",{"id":187,"title":188,"body":189,"born":38,"description":193,"died":38,"extension":24,"image":196,"key":197,"meta":198,"name":199,"name_en":188,"navigation":29,"path":200,"seo":201,"stem":202,"wikipedia":38,"__hash__":203},"authors\u002Fauthors\u002Fanonymous.md","Anonymous",{"type":8,"value":190,"toc":194},[191],[11,192,193],{},"Author unknown.",{"title":19,"searchDepth":20,"depth":20,"links":195},[],"\u002Fa\u002Fanonymous.jpg","anonymous",{},"Anonymus","\u002Fauthors\u002Fanonymous",{"description":193},"authors\u002Fanonymous","Nox472aTg2LHPXTza2yaMPmf170xP_nUx-nN0Fzl3Eg",{"id":205,"title":206,"body":207,"born":214,"description":211,"died":215,"extension":24,"image":216,"key":217,"meta":218,"name":206,"name_en":206,"navigation":29,"path":219,"seo":220,"stem":221,"wikipedia":222,"__hash__":223},"authors\u002Fauthors\u002Fanthony-tuckney.md","Anthony Tuckney",{"type":8,"value":208,"toc":212},[209],[11,210,211],{},"Anthony Tuckney (1599–1670) was an English Puritan theologian and Cambridge divine. He served successively as Master of Emmanuel College (1645–1653) and Master of St John's College (1653–1660), and held the Regius Professorship of Divinity at Cambridge. A prominent member of the Westminster Assembly, he played a significant role in drafting the Westminster Confession and Catechisms. He is remembered particularly for his correspondence with Benjamin Whichcote, in which he defended Reformed orthodoxy against the latitude of the Cambridge Platonists. His forty sermons, preached over the course of his ministry and published posthumously by his son Jonathan in 1676, represent the breadth of his practical and doctrinal preaching.",{"title":19,"searchDepth":20,"depth":20,"links":213},[],1599,1670,"\u002Fa\u002Fanthony-tuckney.jpg","anthony-tuckney",{},"\u002Fauthors\u002Fanthony-tuckney",{"description":211},"authors\u002Fanthony-tuckney","https:\u002F\u002Fen.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FAnthony_Tuckney","y7g6LfIYXk643kHnxOw7p-1bu0zSkewj_TW_8gIKq4E",{"id":225,"title":226,"body":227,"born":250,"description":251,"died":252,"extension":24,"image":253,"key":254,"meta":255,"name":256,"name_en":226,"navigation":29,"path":257,"seo":258,"stem":259,"wikipedia":260,"__hash__":261},"authors\u002Fauthors\u002Faphrahat.md","Aphrahat",{"type":8,"value":228,"toc":248},[229],[11,230,231,232,235,236,239,240,243,244,247],{},"Aphrahat (c. 280–c. 345), called the Persian Sage (",[15,233,234],{},"Sapiens Persa","), was a fourth-century Syriac Christian writer who lived under the Sasanian Empire, almost certainly as a celibate ascetic and possibly as a bishop or head of the monastery of Mar Mattai near Mosul. He is the earliest substantial witness to Syriac Christian thought, writing entirely outside the Greco-Roman world and apparently in no significant contact with the Greek theological tradition. Between 337 and 345 he composed twenty-three ",[15,237,238],{},"Demonstrations"," (",[15,241,242],{},"tahwyātā","), the first twenty-two arranged as an alphabetical acrostic on the Syriac alphabet and treating the Christian life — faith, love, fasting, prayer, war, monasticism, penitents, the resurrection, humility, pastors, the dispute with the Jews, the messiah, the foods, virginity, almsgiving, persecution, and death — and the twenty-third, on the grape (",[15,245,246],{},"De Acino","), serving as a recapitulation of salvation history. His expositions are notable for their extensive scriptural argumentation, their preservation of pre-Nicene exegesis, and their detailed engagement with Jewish interlocutors during the persecution of Shapur II.",{"title":19,"searchDepth":20,"depth":20,"links":249},[],280,"Aphrahat (c. 280–c. 345), called the Persian Sage (Sapiens Persa), was a fourth-century Syriac Christian writer who lived under the Sasanian Empire, almost certainly as a celibate ascetic and possibly as a bishop or head of the monastery of Mar Mattai near Mosul. He is the earliest substantial witness to Syriac Christian thought, writing entirely outside the Greco-Roman world and apparently in no significant contact with the Greek theological tradition. Between 337 and 345 he composed twenty-three Demonstrations (tahwyātā), the first twenty-two arranged as an alphabetical acrostic on the Syriac alphabet and treating the Christian life — faith, love, fasting, prayer, war, monasticism, penitents, the resurrection, humility, pastors, the dispute with the Jews, the messiah, the foods, virginity, almsgiving, persecution, and death — and the twenty-third, on the grape (De Acino), serving as a recapitulation of salvation history. His expositions are notable for their extensive scriptural argumentation, their preservation of pre-Nicene exegesis, and their detailed engagement with Jewish interlocutors during the persecution of Shapur II.",345,"\u002Fa\u002Faphrahat.jpg","aphrahat",{},"Aphraates Sapiens Persa","\u002Fauthors\u002Faphrahat",{"description":251},"authors\u002Faphrahat","https:\u002F\u002Fen.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FAphrahat","KdGPaJEL1jlFYg88XCFtoUinuyVnVCQAirupPAaAkK0",{"id":263,"title":264,"body":265,"born":38,"description":280,"died":281,"extension":24,"image":282,"key":283,"meta":284,"name":285,"name_en":286,"navigation":29,"path":287,"seo":288,"stem":289,"wikipedia":290,"__hash__":291},"authors\u002Fauthors\u002Fastesanus-of-asti.md","Astesanus Of Asti",{"type":8,"value":266,"toc":278},[267],[11,268,269,270,273,274,277],{},"Astesanus of Asti (died c. 1330) was a Franciscan friar from Asti in Piedmont and a canon lawyer. His major work, the ",[15,271,272],{},"Summa de casibus conscientiae"," (c. 1317), became one of the most widely circulated confessors' manuals of the later Middle Ages, surviving in numerous manuscripts and early printed editions. Drawing on both civil and canon law, it was valued as a practical reference for cases of conscience, with its sections ",[15,275,276],{},"De significatione verborum"," singled out for their treatment of legal terminology. He dedicated the work to Cardinal Giovanni Caetani Orsini.",{"title":19,"searchDepth":20,"depth":20,"links":279},[],"Astesanus of Asti (died c. 1330) was a Franciscan friar from Asti in Piedmont and a canon lawyer. His major work, the Summa de casibus conscientiae (c. 1317), became one of the most widely circulated confessors' manuals of the later Middle Ages, surviving in numerous manuscripts and early printed editions. Drawing on both civil and canon law, it was valued as a practical reference for cases of conscience, with its sections De significatione verborum singled out for their treatment of legal terminology. He dedicated the work to Cardinal Giovanni Caetani Orsini.",1330,"\u002Fa\u002Fastesanus-of-asti.jpg","astesanus-of-asti",{},"Astesanus de Ast","Astesanus of Asti","\u002Fauthors\u002Fastesanus-of-asti",{"description":280},"authors\u002Fastesanus-of-asti","https:\u002F\u002Fen.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FAstesanus_of_Asti","pb0UlvnzVGelYoG26swO5fjP84E_LiMXYUvYAeiLDJc",{"id":293,"title":294,"body":295,"born":315,"description":316,"died":317,"extension":24,"image":318,"key":6,"meta":319,"name":320,"name_en":321,"navigation":29,"path":322,"seo":323,"stem":324,"wikipedia":325,"__hash__":326},"authors\u002Fauthors\u002Faugustine.md","Augustine",{"type":8,"value":296,"toc":313},[297],[11,298,299,300,303,304,133,306,133,309,312],{},"Augustine of Hippo (354–430) was a bishop, theologian, and philosopher from Roman North Africa, widely considered one of the most influential figures in the history of Christianity and Western philosophy. Born in Thagaste (modern Algeria) and educated in rhetoric at Carthage, he converted to Christianity in 386 after years of intellectual searching, an experience recounted in his ",[15,301,302],{},"Confessions",". As bishop of Hippo Regius from 396 until his death, he wrote prolifically on theology, scripture, ethics, and church discipline; his major works — including the ",[15,305,302],{},[15,307,308],{},"The City of God",[15,310,311],{},"On the Trinity",", and numerous treatises and letters — shaped Latin theology throughout the medieval and Reformation periods.",{"title":19,"searchDepth":20,"depth":20,"links":314},[],354,"Augustine of Hippo (354–430) was a bishop, theologian, and philosopher from Roman North Africa, widely considered one of the most influential figures in the history of Christianity and Western philosophy. Born in Thagaste (modern Algeria) and educated in rhetoric at Carthage, he converted to Christianity in 386 after years of intellectual searching, an experience recounted in his Confessions. As bishop of Hippo Regius from 396 until his death, he wrote prolifically on theology, scripture, ethics, and church discipline; his major works — including the Confessions, The City of God, On the Trinity, and numerous treatises and letters — shaped Latin theology throughout the medieval and Reformation periods.",430,"\u002Fa\u002Faugustine.jpg",{},"Aurelius Augustinus Hipponensis","Augustine of Hippo","\u002Fauthors\u002Faugustine",{"description":316},"authors\u002Faugustine","https:\u002F\u002Fen.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FAugustine_of_Hippo","UwwfGL6TpYZHQEoysAC2TegpfrYOWkZUQQ_TwMcDkw8",{"id":328,"title":329,"body":330,"born":341,"description":342,"died":343,"extension":24,"image":344,"key":345,"meta":346,"name":347,"name_en":348,"navigation":29,"path":349,"seo":350,"stem":351,"wikipedia":352,"__hash__":353},"authors\u002Fauthors\u002Fbasil-of-caesarea.md","Basil Of Caesarea",{"type":8,"value":331,"toc":339},[332],[11,333,334,335,338],{},"Basil of Caesarea (c. 329–379), also known as Basil the Great, was bishop of Caesarea in Cappadocia from 370 until his death and is counted among the four Greek Doctors of the Church. Educated in Athens alongside Gregory of Nazianzus, he became one of the foremost theologians of the Nicene party in the Arian controversy, defending the full divinity of both the Son and the Holy Spirit. His voluminous correspondence — over three hundred letters survive — documents the political and theological struggles of the post-Nicene church and his efforts to unite Eastern bishops around Nicene orthodoxy. He is also the founder of the cenobitic monastic tradition in the Greek East, whose rules (",[15,336,337],{},"Asketikon",") shaped Byzantine monasticism, and a major liturgical figure whose name is attached to one of the principal Eastern eucharistic anaphoras.",{"title":19,"searchDepth":20,"depth":20,"links":340},[],329,"Basil of Caesarea (c. 329–379), also known as Basil the Great, was bishop of Caesarea in Cappadocia from 370 until his death and is counted among the four Greek Doctors of the Church. Educated in Athens alongside Gregory of Nazianzus, he became one of the foremost theologians of the Nicene party in the Arian controversy, defending the full divinity of both the Son and the Holy Spirit. His voluminous correspondence — over three hundred letters survive — documents the political and theological struggles of the post-Nicene church and his efforts to unite Eastern bishops around Nicene orthodoxy. He is also the founder of the cenobitic monastic tradition in the Greek East, whose rules (Asketikon) shaped Byzantine monasticism, and a major liturgical figure whose name is attached to one of the principal Eastern eucharistic anaphoras.",379,"\u002Fa\u002Fbasil-of-caesarea.jpg","basil-of-caesarea",{},"Basilius Caesariensis","Basil of Caesarea","\u002Fauthors\u002Fbasil-of-caesarea",{"description":342},"authors\u002Fbasil-of-caesarea","https:\u002F\u002Fen.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FBasil_of_Caesarea","GK-H2kZEeXbotlZxLZFcxETjr7_0-_FsSXchk7Xf-Eg",{"id":355,"title":356,"body":357,"born":386,"description":387,"died":388,"extension":24,"image":389,"key":390,"meta":391,"name":364,"name_en":356,"navigation":29,"path":392,"seo":393,"stem":394,"wikipedia":395,"__hash__":396},"authors\u002Fauthors\u002Fbonaventure.md","Bonaventure",{"type":8,"value":358,"toc":384},[359],[11,360,361,362,365,366,369,370,372,373,133,376,379,380,383],{},"Bonaventure of Bagnoregio (",[15,363,364],{},"Bonaventura",", c. 1217–1274), known as the ",[15,367,368],{},"Doctor Seraphicus",", was an Italian Franciscan theologian, philosopher, and cardinal. A student of Alexander of Hales at the University of Paris, he became regent master in theology there alongside his contemporary Thomas Aquinas. Elected Minister General of the Order of Friars Minor in 1257, he guided the Franciscans through a period of internal crisis and is often called the order's \"second founder.\" His commentary on Peter Lombard's ",[15,371,98],{}," — composed in the late 1250s — remains the most influential medieval Franciscan systematic theology, and his shorter works (",[15,374,375],{},"Itinerarium mentis in Deum",[15,377,378],{},"Breviloquium",", the ",[15,381,382],{},"Legenda Maior"," of Francis) shaped Franciscan spirituality. Created Cardinal Bishop of Albano in 1273, he died at the Second Council of Lyon (1274); he was canonized in 1482 and named a Doctor of the Church in 1588.",{"title":19,"searchDepth":20,"depth":20,"links":385},[],1217,"Bonaventure of Bagnoregio (Bonaventura, c. 1217–1274), known as the Doctor Seraphicus, was an Italian Franciscan theologian, philosopher, and cardinal. A student of Alexander of Hales at the University of Paris, he became regent master in theology there alongside his contemporary Thomas Aquinas. Elected Minister General of the Order of Friars Minor in 1257, he guided the Franciscans through a period of internal crisis and is often called the order's \"second founder.\" His commentary on Peter Lombard's Sentences — composed in the late 1250s — remains the most influential medieval Franciscan systematic theology, and his shorter works (Itinerarium mentis in Deum, Breviloquium, the Legenda Maior of Francis) shaped Franciscan spirituality. Created Cardinal Bishop of Albano in 1273, he died at the Second Council of Lyon (1274); he was canonized in 1482 and named a Doctor of the Church in 1588.",1274,"\u002Fa\u002Fbonaventure.jpg","bonaventure",{},"\u002Fauthors\u002Fbonaventure",{"description":387},"authors\u002Fbonaventure","https:\u002F\u002Fen.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FBonaventure","-NAcDTzRz7gQ_tXcRuzXIPrWdwTVElumdfCjIMHQQY8",{"id":398,"title":399,"body":400,"born":430,"description":431,"died":432,"extension":24,"image":433,"key":434,"meta":435,"name":436,"name_en":436,"navigation":29,"path":437,"seo":438,"stem":439,"wikipedia":440,"__hash__":441},"authors\u002Fauthors\u002Fdante.md","Dante",{"type":8,"value":401,"toc":428},[402],[11,403,404,405,408,409,412,413,416,417,420,421,424,425,427],{},"Dante Alighieri (1265–1321) was a Florentine poet, political thinker, and moral philosopher, widely regarded as the greatest writer of the Italian Middle Ages and one of the foundational figures of European literature. Born into a minor noble family in Florence, he served in civic offices of the Florentine republic until his exile in 1302 after the victory of the Black Guelphs, after which he never returned to his city. His literary output includes the ",[15,406,407],{},"Vita Nuova",", the philosophical ",[15,410,411],{},"Convivio",", the Latin treatises ",[15,414,415],{},"De vulgari eloquentia"," and ",[15,418,419],{},"Monarchia",", and above all the ",[15,422,423],{},"Commedia",", completed shortly before his death in Ravenna. The ",[15,426,423],{}," established the Tuscan vernacular as a literary language and exerted a shaping influence on theology, political thought, and poetic form in the centuries that followed.",{"title":19,"searchDepth":20,"depth":20,"links":429},[],1265,"Dante Alighieri (1265–1321) was a Florentine poet, political thinker, and moral philosopher, widely regarded as the greatest writer of the Italian Middle Ages and one of the foundational figures of European literature. Born into a minor noble family in Florence, he served in civic offices of the Florentine republic until his exile in 1302 after the victory of the Black Guelphs, after which he never returned to his city. His literary output includes the Vita Nuova, the philosophical Convivio, the Latin treatises De vulgari eloquentia and Monarchia, and above all the Commedia, completed shortly before his death in Ravenna. The Commedia established the Tuscan vernacular as a literary language and exerted a shaping influence on theology, political thought, and poetic form in the centuries that followed.",1321,"\u002Fa\u002Fdante.jpg","dante",{},"Dante Alighieri","\u002Fauthors\u002Fdante",{"description":431},"authors\u002Fdante","https:\u002F\u002Fen.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FDante_Alighieri","sbmVqfGjvyhf1vKynlzR-GfT8XHadkPtC-RAIV4jiHU",{"id":443,"title":444,"body":445,"born":430,"description":482,"died":483,"extension":24,"image":484,"key":485,"meta":486,"name":452,"name_en":487,"navigation":29,"path":488,"seo":489,"stem":490,"wikipedia":491,"__hash__":492},"authors\u002Fauthors\u002Fduns-scotus.md","Duns Scotus",{"type":8,"value":446,"toc":480},[447],[11,448,449,450,453,454,457,458,460,461,464,465,468,469,472,473,475,476,479],{},"John Duns Scotus (",[15,451,452],{},"Joannes Duns Scotus",", c. 1265\u002F66–1308), known as the ",[15,455,456],{},"Doctor Subtilis",", was a Scottish Franciscan theologian and philosopher whose work shaped late-medieval scholasticism. After joining the Order of Friars Minor and studying at Oxford and Paris, he lectured on Peter Lombard's ",[15,459,98],{}," at both universities; his successive lecture courses survive as the ",[15,462,463],{},"Lectura"," (Oxford), the ",[15,466,467],{},"Ordinatio"," (the revised \"Oxford work\" he was preparing for publication at his death), and the ",[15,470,471],{},"Reportationes"," (Paris). He died at Cologne in 1308 at around forty-three years old, leaving the ",[15,474,467],{}," unfinished. His sharply argued positions on the univocity of being, formal distinction, individuation by ",[15,477,478],{},"haecceitas",", the will's primacy, and the Immaculate Conception founded the Scotist school — which alongside Thomism became one of the two great currents of late-medieval Catholic theology. He was beatified in 1993.",{"title":19,"searchDepth":20,"depth":20,"links":481},[],"John Duns Scotus (Joannes Duns Scotus, c. 1265\u002F66–1308), known as the Doctor Subtilis, was a Scottish Franciscan theologian and philosopher whose work shaped late-medieval scholasticism. After joining the Order of Friars Minor and studying at Oxford and Paris, he lectured on Peter Lombard's Sentences at both universities; his successive lecture courses survive as the Lectura (Oxford), the Ordinatio (the revised \"Oxford work\" he was preparing for publication at his death), and the Reportationes (Paris). He died at Cologne in 1308 at around forty-three years old, leaving the Ordinatio unfinished. His sharply argued positions on the univocity of being, formal distinction, individuation by haecceitas, the will's primacy, and the Immaculate Conception founded the Scotist school — which alongside Thomism became one of the two great currents of late-medieval Catholic theology. He was beatified in 1993.",1308,"\u002Fa\u002Fduns-scotus.jpg","duns-scotus",{},"John Duns Scotus","\u002Fauthors\u002Fduns-scotus",{"description":482},"authors\u002Fduns-scotus","https:\u002F\u002Fen.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FDuns_Scotus","F1GUXpC6XZn4GcnRDL1atx7vfvbaZ9P04pBzzbPvqMU",{"id":494,"title":495,"body":496,"born":503,"description":500,"died":504,"extension":24,"image":505,"key":506,"meta":507,"name":508,"name_en":509,"navigation":29,"path":510,"seo":511,"stem":512,"wikipedia":513,"__hash__":514},"authors\u002Fauthors\u002Fdurandus.md","Durandus",{"type":8,"value":497,"toc":501},[498],[11,499,500],{},"Durand of Saint-Pourçain (Durandus de Sancto Porciano) was a French Dominican theologian and philosopher, born around 1275 in the Auvergne region of France. He studied and taught in Paris and became one of the most original scholastic thinkers of the early fourteenth century, known for diverging from the Thomistic positions dominant in his order on questions of cognition, individuation, and the soul's powers. He served as Bishop of Limoux (1317), Le Puy-en-Velay (1318), and Meaux (1326) until his death in 1334. His commentary on the Sentences of Peter Lombard, which went through multiple redactions, remains his most influential work and was widely read and disputed throughout the later medieval period.",{"title":19,"searchDepth":20,"depth":20,"links":502},[],1275,1334,"\u002Fa\u002Fdurandus.jpg","durandus",{},"Durandus de Sancto Porciano","Durand of Saint-Pourçain","\u002Fauthors\u002Fdurandus",{"description":500},"authors\u002Fdurandus","https:\u002F\u002Fen.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FDurand_of_Saint-Pourçain","PlfMwhAZ5xeWk89Tpdw4kGaHana1SQfC-_Glh0P3QjA",{"id":516,"title":517,"body":518,"born":529,"description":530,"died":175,"extension":24,"image":531,"key":532,"meta":533,"name":517,"name_en":517,"navigation":29,"path":534,"seo":535,"stem":536,"wikipedia":537,"__hash__":538},"authors\u002Fauthors\u002Fgabriel-biel.md","Gabriel Biel",{"type":8,"value":519,"toc":527},[520],[11,521,522,523,526],{},"Gabriel Biel (c. 1425–1495) was a German Catholic theologian and one of the last major representatives of late scholasticism, often called \"the last of the scholastics.\" Born in Speyer, he studied at Heidelberg, Erfurt, and Cologne before becoming a cathedral preacher in Mainz and later joining the Brethren of the Common Life. In 1484 he was appointed to the newly founded University of Tübingen, where he taught theology until shortly before his death. His principal work, the ",[15,524,525],{},"Collectorium circa quattuor libros Sententiarum",", is a vast synthesis of nominalist theology drawing especially on William of Ockham, and exercised a profound influence on Martin Luther and other reformers.",{"title":19,"searchDepth":20,"depth":20,"links":528},[],1425,"Gabriel Biel (c. 1425–1495) was a German Catholic theologian and one of the last major representatives of late scholasticism, often called \"the last of the scholastics.\" Born in Speyer, he studied at Heidelberg, Erfurt, and Cologne before becoming a cathedral preacher in Mainz and later joining the Brethren of the Common Life. In 1484 he was appointed to the newly founded University of Tübingen, where he taught theology until shortly before his death. His principal work, the Collectorium circa quattuor libros Sententiarum, is a vast synthesis of nominalist theology drawing especially on William of Ockham, and exercised a profound influence on Martin Luther and other reformers.","\u002Fa\u002Fgabriel-biel.jpg","gabriel-biel",{},"\u002Fauthors\u002Fgabriel-biel",{"description":530},"authors\u002Fgabriel-biel","https:\u002F\u002Fen.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FGabriel_Biel","OrjDn-z-wcBjM-VgytH4dda_0i04ofXuVOLUzS026iA",{"id":540,"title":541,"body":542,"born":557,"description":558,"died":559,"extension":24,"image":560,"key":561,"meta":562,"name":563,"name_en":541,"navigation":29,"path":564,"seo":565,"stem":566,"wikipedia":567,"__hash__":568},"authors\u002Fauthors\u002Fgeert-groote.md","Geert Groote",{"type":8,"value":543,"toc":555},[544],[11,545,546,547,550,551,554],{},"Geert Groote (Gerardus Magnus, 1340–1384) was a Dutch preacher, deacon, and reformer of Deventer who, after a worldly youth and university studies at Paris, underwent a religious conversion around 1374 and devoted the rest of his life to the renewal of Christian piety in the IJssel region. Licensed to preach throughout the diocese of Utrecht, he attacked clerical abuses — including simony, concubinage, and the buying of admission to beguine houses — and gathered a community of women in his family home that became the seed of the Sisters of the Common Life; his followers among his student Florens Radewijns and others founded the Brethren of the Common Life shortly after his death. Groote is regarded as the father of the ",[15,548,549],{},"devotio moderna",", the late-medieval movement of inward piety and lay spirituality that shaped Thomas à Kempis's ",[15,552,553],{},"Imitatio Christi"," and the Windesheim Congregation of Augustinian Canons. He died of plague at Deventer while caring for the sick.",{"title":19,"searchDepth":20,"depth":20,"links":556},[],1340,"Geert Groote (Gerardus Magnus, 1340–1384) was a Dutch preacher, deacon, and reformer of Deventer who, after a worldly youth and university studies at Paris, underwent a religious conversion around 1374 and devoted the rest of his life to the renewal of Christian piety in the IJssel region. Licensed to preach throughout the diocese of Utrecht, he attacked clerical abuses — including simony, concubinage, and the buying of admission to beguine houses — and gathered a community of women in his family home that became the seed of the Sisters of the Common Life; his followers among his student Florens Radewijns and others founded the Brethren of the Common Life shortly after his death. Groote is regarded as the father of the devotio moderna, the late-medieval movement of inward piety and lay spirituality that shaped Thomas à Kempis's Imitatio Christi and the Windesheim Congregation of Augustinian Canons. He died of plague at Deventer while caring for the sick.",1384,"\u002Fa\u002Fgeert-groote.jpg","geert-groote",{},"Gerardus Magnus","\u002Fauthors\u002Fgeert-groote",{"description":558},"authors\u002Fgeert-groote","https:\u002F\u002Fen.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FGeert_Groote","b-IV2ZEjuQFpxUQPP4dTddW4vbK0F-XyzqOmF9QcnwE",{"id":570,"title":571,"body":572,"born":38,"description":586,"died":38,"extension":24,"image":587,"key":588,"meta":589,"name":590,"name_en":591,"navigation":29,"path":592,"seo":593,"stem":594,"wikipedia":38,"__hash__":595},"authors\u002Fauthors\u002Fgeoffrey-poitiers.md","Geoffrey Poitiers",{"type":8,"value":573,"toc":584},[574],[11,575,576,577,580,581,583],{},"Geoffrey of Poitiers (Gaufridus Pictaviensis, fl. early 13th century) was a master of theology at the University of Paris, active in the circle of Peter the Chanter and a student of Stephen Langton. His ",[15,578,579],{},"Summa"," (composed ca. 1213–1215) is one of the earliest systematic Parisian summas to draw extensively on Langton's lectures, treating God, creation, the fall, the incarnation, the sacraments, and Christian ethics in the order of Peter Lombard's ",[15,582,98],{},". Though widely cited by later scholastics and surviving in several manuscripts, the Summa was never printed and remains largely unedited; only excerpts have appeared in modern scholarship.",{"title":19,"searchDepth":20,"depth":20,"links":585},[],"Geoffrey of Poitiers (Gaufridus Pictaviensis, fl. early 13th century) was a master of theology at the University of Paris, active in the circle of Peter the Chanter and a student of Stephen Langton. His Summa (composed ca. 1213–1215) is one of the earliest systematic Parisian summas to draw extensively on Langton's lectures, treating God, creation, the fall, the incarnation, the sacraments, and Christian ethics in the order of Peter Lombard's Sentences. Though widely cited by later scholastics and surviving in several manuscripts, the Summa was never printed and remains largely unedited; only excerpts have appeared in modern scholarship.","\u002Fa\u002Fgeoffrey-poitiers.jpg","geoffrey-poitiers",{},"Gaufridus Pictaviensis","Geoffrey of Poitiers","\u002Fauthors\u002Fgeoffrey-poitiers",{"description":586},"authors\u002Fgeoffrey-poitiers","M1gipf-7_elXipk3xo8cXGv9CjEbz4sZGWDfKlji8oY",{"id":597,"title":598,"body":599,"born":617,"description":618,"died":619,"extension":24,"image":620,"key":621,"meta":622,"name":623,"name_en":624,"navigation":29,"path":625,"seo":626,"stem":627,"wikipedia":628,"__hash__":629},"authors\u002Fauthors\u002Fgerhoh.md","Gerhoh",{"type":8,"value":600,"toc":615},[601],[11,602,603,604,379,607,610,611,614],{},"Gerhoch of Reichersberg (1093–1169) was a German Augustinian canon, reformer, and prolific polemical theologian who served as provost of the monastery of Reichersberg in Bavaria from 1132 until his death. A committed adherent of the Gregorian Reform, he wrote extensively against simony, lay investiture, and the perceived corruption of the imperial church, while also engaging in doctrinal controversies with the schools of Paris over the nature of Christ and the sacraments. His major works include the ",[15,605,606],{},"Liber de edificio Dei",[15,608,609],{},"De investigatione Antichristi",", and extensive commentaries on the Psalms, which weave together ecclesiological polemic and spiritual exegesis. His writings occupy the bulk of the third volume of the MGH ",[15,612,613],{},"Libelli de Lite",", reflecting his central importance in twelfth-century debates over ecclesiastical reform.",{"title":19,"searchDepth":20,"depth":20,"links":616},[],1093,"Gerhoch of Reichersberg (1093–1169) was a German Augustinian canon, reformer, and prolific polemical theologian who served as provost of the monastery of Reichersberg in Bavaria from 1132 until his death. A committed adherent of the Gregorian Reform, he wrote extensively against simony, lay investiture, and the perceived corruption of the imperial church, while also engaging in doctrinal controversies with the schools of Paris over the nature of Christ and the sacraments. His major works include the Liber de edificio Dei, the De investigatione Antichristi, and extensive commentaries on the Psalms, which weave together ecclesiological polemic and spiritual exegesis. His writings occupy the bulk of the third volume of the MGH Libelli de Lite, reflecting his central importance in twelfth-century debates over ecclesiastical reform.",1169,"\u002Fa\u002Fgerhoh.jpg","gerhoh",{},"Gerhohus Reichersbergensis","Gerhoch of Reichersberg","\u002Fauthors\u002Fgerhoh",{"description":618},"authors\u002Fgerhoh","https:\u002F\u002Fen.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FGerhoch_of_Reichersberg","owlQGz1y97IRaUe9U9_BPGDUg6xyBJgJizZrIgbyukU",{"id":631,"title":632,"body":633,"born":652,"description":653,"died":654,"extension":24,"image":655,"key":656,"meta":657,"name":658,"name_en":632,"navigation":29,"path":659,"seo":660,"stem":661,"wikipedia":662,"__hash__":663},"authors\u002Fauthors\u002Fgratian.md","Gratian",{"type":8,"value":634,"toc":650},[635],[11,636,637,638,641,642,645,646,649],{},"Gratian was a twelfth-century monk and jurist, probably active at the Camaldolese monastery of Saints Felix and Nabor in Bologna, where he compiled the ",[15,639,640],{},"Concordia Discordantium Canonum"," (later called the ",[15,643,644],{},"Decretum",") around 1140. The work reconciled contradictory statements from patristic writings, papal decretals, and conciliar canons using the scholastic method, creating the first systematic synthesis of canon law. It became the foundational text of the ",[15,647,648],{},"Corpus Iuris Canonici"," and remained the basis of Catholic canonical studies until the promulgation of the 1917 Code of Canon Law. Gratian's biography is largely unknown; his dates, origin, and even his status as a historical individual have been subjects of scholarly debate.",{"title":19,"searchDepth":20,"depth":20,"links":651},[],1080,"Gratian was a twelfth-century monk and jurist, probably active at the Camaldolese monastery of Saints Felix and Nabor in Bologna, where he compiled the Concordia Discordantium Canonum (later called the Decretum) around 1140. The work reconciled contradictory statements from patristic writings, papal decretals, and conciliar canons using the scholastic method, creating the first systematic synthesis of canon law. It became the foundational text of the Corpus Iuris Canonici and remained the basis of Catholic canonical studies until the promulgation of the 1917 Code of Canon Law. Gratian's biography is largely unknown; his dates, origin, and even his status as a historical individual have been subjects of scholarly debate.",1160,"\u002Fa\u002Fgratian.jpg","gratian",{},"Gratianus","\u002Fauthors\u002Fgratian",{"description":653},"authors\u002Fgratian","https:\u002F\u002Fen.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FGratian_(jurist)","SSCmUYlulbEAixUBTz5ESN6o8Vj5bvX5YVHwRZXruz4",{"id":665,"title":666,"body":667,"born":678,"description":679,"died":680,"extension":24,"image":681,"key":682,"meta":683,"name":684,"name_en":666,"navigation":29,"path":685,"seo":686,"stem":687,"wikipedia":688,"__hash__":689},"authors\u002Fauthors\u002Fgregory-i.md","Gregory I",{"type":8,"value":668,"toc":676},[669],[11,670,671,672,675],{},"Gregory I, known as Gregory the Great, served as bishop of Rome from 590 until his death in 604, becoming one of the most influential popes of late antiquity and the early medieval period. Born into a Roman senatorial family around 540, he converted his family estate into a monastery before being drawn into papal diplomacy and ultimately elected pope. His voluminous correspondence, preserved in the ",[15,673,674],{},"Registrum Epistolarum",", reveals the broad scope of his administrative, pastoral, and theological concerns, from the organization of church property and the conversion of the Anglo-Saxons to the suppression of simony and the care of the Roman poor. He is recognized as a Doctor of the Church and patron saint of musicians and teachers.",{"title":19,"searchDepth":20,"depth":20,"links":677},[],540,"Gregory I, known as Gregory the Great, served as bishop of Rome from 590 until his death in 604, becoming one of the most influential popes of late antiquity and the early medieval period. Born into a Roman senatorial family around 540, he converted his family estate into a monastery before being drawn into papal diplomacy and ultimately elected pope. His voluminous correspondence, preserved in the Registrum Epistolarum, reveals the broad scope of his administrative, pastoral, and theological concerns, from the organization of church property and the conversion of the Anglo-Saxons to the suppression of simony and the care of the Roman poor. He is recognized as a Doctor of the Church and patron saint of musicians and teachers.",604,"\u002Fa\u002Fgregory-i.jpg","gregory-i",{},"Gregorius I","\u002Fauthors\u002Fgregory-i",{"description":679},"authors\u002Fgregory-i","https:\u002F\u002Fen.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FPope_Gregory_I","PNy6WpypnR3LN2CkbAkkJWVxspk2W5IQZYuwUw3BkHA",{"id":691,"title":692,"body":693,"born":708,"description":709,"died":710,"extension":24,"image":711,"key":712,"meta":713,"name":714,"name_en":715,"navigation":29,"path":716,"seo":717,"stem":718,"wikipedia":719,"__hash__":720},"authors\u002Fauthors\u002Fgregory-vii.md","Gregory Vii",{"type":8,"value":694,"toc":706},[695],[11,696,697,698,701,702,705],{},"Gregory VII (born Hildebrand of Sovana, c. 1015–1085) served as bishop of Rome from 1073 until his death in exile at Salerno, and gave his name to the Gregorian Reform — the eleventh-century movement to free the church from lay investiture, clerical marriage, and the buying and selling of ecclesiastical offices. Before his pontificate he had served successive reforming popes as archdeacon and chief advisor at the Roman court, helping to shape the papal-election decree of 1059 and the Patarine alliance at Milan. His Lent synods of 1074 and 1075 promulgated the foundational legislation against simony and Nicolaitism, and his confrontation with Henry IV over the appointment of bishops produced the Investiture Controversy and the famous penance at Canossa (1077). The ",[15,699,700],{},"Dictatus papae",", preserved in his ",[15,703,704],{},"Registrum"," at II, 55a, sets out twenty-seven terse propositions on papal supremacy, including the deposition of simoniac bishops.",{"title":19,"searchDepth":20,"depth":20,"links":707},[],1015,"Gregory VII (born Hildebrand of Sovana, c. 1015–1085) served as bishop of Rome from 1073 until his death in exile at Salerno, and gave his name to the Gregorian Reform — the eleventh-century movement to free the church from lay investiture, clerical marriage, and the buying and selling of ecclesiastical offices. Before his pontificate he had served successive reforming popes as archdeacon and chief advisor at the Roman court, helping to shape the papal-election decree of 1059 and the Patarine alliance at Milan. His Lent synods of 1074 and 1075 promulgated the foundational legislation against simony and Nicolaitism, and his confrontation with Henry IV over the appointment of bishops produced the Investiture Controversy and the famous penance at Canossa (1077). The Dictatus papae, preserved in his Registrum at II, 55a, sets out twenty-seven terse propositions on papal supremacy, including the deposition of simoniac bishops.",1085,"\u002Fa\u002Fgregory-vii.jpg","gregory-vii",{},"Gregorius VII","Gregory VII","\u002Fauthors\u002Fgregory-vii",{"description":709},"authors\u002Fgregory-vii","https:\u002F\u002Fen.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FPope_Gregory_VII","OL3qGklLU3Hp0GdQQ3tcs__qxpq22fbOK5IMHnFTofU",{"id":722,"title":723,"body":724,"born":735,"description":736,"died":737,"extension":24,"image":738,"key":739,"meta":740,"name":741,"name_en":742,"navigation":29,"path":743,"seo":744,"stem":745,"wikipedia":746,"__hash__":747},"authors\u002Fauthors\u002Fguido-of-arezzo.md","Guido Of Arezzo",{"type":8,"value":725,"toc":733},[726],[11,727,728,729,732],{},"Guido of Arezzo (ca. 991–1033) was a Benedictine monk and music theorist, best known for developing the modern system of musical notation and solmization (the basis of solfège). Born in Arezzo, he entered the monastery of Pomposa near Ferrara, where he wrote his influential treatise ",[15,730,731],{},"Micrologus"," (ca. 1026). His letter to Archbishop Heribert of Milan against simony, written in the early eleventh century, is one of the earliest systematic reform-era arguments against the purchase of holy orders, drawing on Gregory the Great and Augustine to argue that simoniacal ordination communicates no valid grace and that complicity in simony amounts to heresy.",{"title":19,"searchDepth":20,"depth":20,"links":734},[],991,"Guido of Arezzo (ca. 991–1033) was a Benedictine monk and music theorist, best known for developing the modern system of musical notation and solmization (the basis of solfège). Born in Arezzo, he entered the monastery of Pomposa near Ferrara, where he wrote his influential treatise Micrologus (ca. 1026). His letter to Archbishop Heribert of Milan against simony, written in the early eleventh century, is one of the earliest systematic reform-era arguments against the purchase of holy orders, drawing on Gregory the Great and Augustine to argue that simoniacal ordination communicates no valid grace and that complicity in simony amounts to heresy.",1033,"\u002Fa\u002Fguido-of-arezzo.jpg","guido-of-arezzo",{},"Guido Aretinus","Guido of Arezzo","\u002Fauthors\u002Fguido-of-arezzo",{"description":736},"authors\u002Fguido-of-arezzo","https:\u002F\u002Fen.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FGuido_of_Arezzo","ZtJ1KG_md2cqr8J7k2RxitM9-B4_TLpvAFP8NGjnV0M",{"id":749,"title":750,"body":751,"born":766,"description":767,"died":768,"extension":24,"image":769,"key":770,"meta":771,"name":750,"name_en":750,"navigation":29,"path":772,"seo":773,"stem":774,"wikipedia":775,"__hash__":776},"authors\u002Fauthors\u002Fhenry-burton.md","Henry Burton",{"type":8,"value":752,"toc":764},[753],[11,754,755,756,759,760,763],{},"Henry Burton (1578–1648) was an English Puritan clergyman and controversialist, best known as one of three men — alongside William Prynne and John Bastwick — pilloried and mutilated by the Star Chamber in 1637 for publishing anti-episcopal writings. He served as Clerk of the Closet to Princes Henry and Charles, and from 1625 was Rector of St. Matthew Friday Street, London. Released by Parliament in 1640, he continued to write and preach as an Independent. His works include ",[15,757,758],{},"A Censure of Simony"," (1624) and ",[15,761,762],{},"For God and the King"," (1636).",{"title":19,"searchDepth":20,"depth":20,"links":765},[],1578,"Henry Burton (1578–1648) was an English Puritan clergyman and controversialist, best known as one of three men — alongside William Prynne and John Bastwick — pilloried and mutilated by the Star Chamber in 1637 for publishing anti-episcopal writings. He served as Clerk of the Closet to Princes Henry and Charles, and from 1625 was Rector of St. Matthew Friday Street, London. Released by Parliament in 1640, he continued to write and preach as an Independent. His works include A Censure of Simony (1624) and For God and the King (1636).",1648,"\u002Fa\u002Fhenry-burton.jpg","henry-burton",{},"\u002Fauthors\u002Fhenry-burton",{"description":767},"authors\u002Fhenry-burton","https:\u002F\u002Fen.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FHenry_Burton_(minister)","J7YefkwcWTWT2o-OVmIMAZVHVkbYSMjjWi6TwVIvZrI",{"id":778,"title":779,"body":780,"born":791,"description":792,"died":793,"extension":24,"image":794,"key":795,"meta":796,"name":797,"name_en":798,"navigation":29,"path":799,"seo":800,"stem":801,"wikipedia":802,"__hash__":803},"authors\u002Fauthors\u002Fhermann-von-der-hardt.md","Hermann Von Der Hardt",{"type":8,"value":781,"toc":789},[782],[11,783,784,785,788],{},"Hermann von der Hardt (1660–1746) was a German Lutheran theologian, church historian, and orientalist who served as professor of Oriental languages at the University of Helmstedt from 1690 and as librarian to Duke Rudolf August of Brunswick-Lüneburg. A pupil of the Pietist August Hermann Francke, he combined wide philological learning with an appetite for documentary history. His best-known work is the six-volume ",[15,786,787],{},"Magnum Oecumenicum Constantiense Concilium"," (1697–1700), a vast collection of sources on the Council of Constance assembled from manuscripts across German and imperial libraries, which remained a standard reference for conciliar studies well into the modern era. His later allegorical readings of the Old Testament attracted controversy and cost him his theological chair, though he retained his oriental professorship until his death.",{"title":19,"searchDepth":20,"depth":20,"links":790},[],1660,"Hermann von der Hardt (1660–1746) was a German Lutheran theologian, church historian, and orientalist who served as professor of Oriental languages at the University of Helmstedt from 1690 and as librarian to Duke Rudolf August of Brunswick-Lüneburg. A pupil of the Pietist August Hermann Francke, he combined wide philological learning with an appetite for documentary history. His best-known work is the six-volume Magnum Oecumenicum Constantiense Concilium (1697–1700), a vast collection of sources on the Council of Constance assembled from manuscripts across German and imperial libraries, which remained a standard reference for conciliar studies well into the modern era. His later allegorical readings of the Old Testament attracted controversy and cost him his theological chair, though he retained his oriental professorship until his death.",1746,"\u002Fa\u002Fhermann-von-der-hardt.jpg","hermann-von-der-hardt",{},"Hermannus von der Hardt","Hermann von der Hardt","\u002Fauthors\u002Fhermann-von-der-hardt",{"description":792},"authors\u002Fhermann-von-der-hardt","https:\u002F\u002Fen.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FHermann_von_der_Hardt","25nQXDXfKO2Cvdn860zLsK9onhUzVQZeh37-WkOtcbY",{"id":805,"title":806,"body":807,"born":68,"description":832,"died":833,"extension":24,"image":834,"key":835,"meta":836,"name":837,"name_en":838,"navigation":29,"path":839,"seo":840,"stem":841,"wikipedia":842,"__hash__":843},"authors\u002Fauthors\u002Fhostiensis.md","Hostiensis",{"type":8,"value":808,"toc":830},[809],[11,810,811,812,814,815,818,819,821,822,825,826,829],{},"Henricus de Segusio (Henry of Susa, c. 1200–1271), known as Hostiensis from his late cardinal-bishopric of Ostia, was the leading canonist of the thirteenth century. After studying and teaching Roman and canon law at Bologna and Paris, he served as archdeacon of Paris, bishop of Sisteron, archbishop of Embrun, and finally Cardinal Bishop of Ostia (1262). His two great commentaries — the ",[15,813,579],{}," on the titles of the Decretals of Gregory IX (later called the ",[15,816,817],{},"Summa aurea",") and the ",[15,820,463],{}," (or ",[15,823,824],{},"Commentaria",") on the same Decretals — synthesised the ",[15,827,828],{},"ius commune"," of Roman and canon law and remained authoritative throughout the later Middle Ages. Hostiensis articulated influential doctrines on papal plenitude of power, the relationship between secular and ecclesiastical jurisdiction, and the rights of non-Christians.",{"title":19,"searchDepth":20,"depth":20,"links":831},[],"Henricus de Segusio (Henry of Susa, c. 1200–1271), known as Hostiensis from his late cardinal-bishopric of Ostia, was the leading canonist of the thirteenth century. After studying and teaching Roman and canon law at Bologna and Paris, he served as archdeacon of Paris, bishop of Sisteron, archbishop of Embrun, and finally Cardinal Bishop of Ostia (1262). His two great commentaries — the Summa on the titles of the Decretals of Gregory IX (later called the Summa aurea) and the Lectura (or Commentaria) on the same Decretals — synthesised the ius commune of Roman and canon law and remained authoritative throughout the later Middle Ages. Hostiensis articulated influential doctrines on papal plenitude of power, the relationship between secular and ecclesiastical jurisdiction, and the rights of non-Christians.",1271,"\u002Fa\u002Fhostiensis.jpg","hostiensis",{},"Henricus de Segusio","Henry of Susa","\u002Fauthors\u002Fhostiensis",{"description":832},"authors\u002Fhostiensis","https:\u002F\u002Fen.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FHenry_of_Segusio","AZRemXkrY1X3x1OPTRCbdVVAh5VYEAIJmSyIz9W8Mdo",{"id":845,"title":846,"body":847,"born":38,"description":865,"died":38,"extension":24,"image":866,"key":867,"meta":868,"name":869,"name_en":870,"navigation":29,"path":871,"seo":872,"stem":873,"wikipedia":38,"__hash__":874},"authors\u002Fauthors\u002Fhuguccio-pisa.md","Huguccio Pisa",{"type":8,"value":848,"toc":863},[849],[11,850,851,852,855,856,858,859,862],{},"Huguccio of Pisa (Hugutio Pisanus, ca. 1140–1210) was an Italian canonist and grammarian who taught canon law at Bologna before being elected bishop of Ferrara in 1190. His ",[15,853,854],{},"Summa Decretorum",", composed ca. 1188–1190, is the longest and most influential of the twelfth-century commentaries on Gratian's ",[15,857,644],{},", synthesizing the work of earlier decretists and shaping every subsequent generation of canonical scholarship; his pupil Lothar of Segni later became Pope Innocent III. Huguccio also produced the ",[15,860,861],{},"Derivationes",", a vast etymological lexicon that circulated widely through the later Middle Ages.",{"title":19,"searchDepth":20,"depth":20,"links":864},[],"Huguccio of Pisa (Hugutio Pisanus, ca. 1140–1210) was an Italian canonist and grammarian who taught canon law at Bologna before being elected bishop of Ferrara in 1190. His Summa Decretorum, composed ca. 1188–1190, is the longest and most influential of the twelfth-century commentaries on Gratian's Decretum, synthesizing the work of earlier decretists and shaping every subsequent generation of canonical scholarship; his pupil Lothar of Segni later became Pope Innocent III. Huguccio also produced the Derivationes, a vast etymological lexicon that circulated widely through the later Middle Ages.","\u002Fa\u002Fhuguccio-pisa.jpg","huguccio-pisa",{},"Hugutio Pisanus","Huguccio of Pisa","\u002Fauthors\u002Fhuguccio-pisa",{"description":865},"authors\u002Fhuguccio-pisa","-l6F-0Wwkzvyd7fn3tFsnNOLNR5XfRbRJvUY0QVbfHc",{"id":876,"title":877,"body":878,"born":708,"description":889,"died":890,"extension":24,"image":891,"key":892,"meta":893,"name":894,"name_en":895,"navigation":29,"path":896,"seo":897,"stem":898,"wikipedia":899,"__hash__":900},"authors\u002Fauthors\u002Fhumbert-of-silva-candida.md","Humbert Of Silva Candida",{"type":8,"value":879,"toc":887},[880],[11,881,882,883,886],{},"Humbert of Silva Candida (ca. 1015–1061) was a Benedictine monk from Lorraine who became one of the foremost intellectual architects of the eleventh-century Gregorian Reform. Appointed cardinal-bishop of Silva Candida by Pope Leo IX around 1050, he served as the papacy's most forceful polemicist against simony and lay investiture, arguing in his ",[15,884,885],{},"Libri tres adversus simoniacos"," (ca. 1058) that the simoniacal ordination of clergy was heretical and void — a position more radical than most of his contemporaries. He also played a central role in the 1054 schism between Rome and Constantinople, personally delivering the bull of excommunication against Patriarch Michael Cerularius. His writings exercised a lasting influence on the theory of papal authority and the separation of clerical and lay power.",{"title":19,"searchDepth":20,"depth":20,"links":888},[],"Humbert of Silva Candida (ca. 1015–1061) was a Benedictine monk from Lorraine who became one of the foremost intellectual architects of the eleventh-century Gregorian Reform. Appointed cardinal-bishop of Silva Candida by Pope Leo IX around 1050, he served as the papacy's most forceful polemicist against simony and lay investiture, arguing in his Libri tres adversus simoniacos (ca. 1058) that the simoniacal ordination of clergy was heretical and void — a position more radical than most of his contemporaries. He also played a central role in the 1054 schism between Rome and Constantinople, personally delivering the bull of excommunication against Patriarch Michael Cerularius. His writings exercised a lasting influence on the theory of papal authority and the separation of clerical and lay power.",1061,"\u002Fa\u002Fhumbert-of-silva-candida.jpg","humbert-of-silva-candida",{},"Humbertus Silvae Candidae Episcopus","Humbert of Silva Candida","\u002Fauthors\u002Fhumbert-of-silva-candida",{"description":889},"authors\u002Fhumbert-of-silva-candida","https:\u002F\u002Fen.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FHumbert_of_Silva_Candida","q49szzzYNpsPT0zYY4OOn53Xr_XQ0p426LoARFGzaBo",{"id":902,"title":903,"body":904,"born":911,"description":908,"died":912,"extension":24,"image":913,"key":914,"meta":915,"name":916,"name_en":903,"navigation":29,"path":917,"seo":918,"stem":919,"wikipedia":920,"__hash__":921},"authors\u002Fauthors\u002Fjan-hus.md","Jan Hus",{"type":8,"value":905,"toc":909},[906],[11,907,908],{},"Jan Hus (Latin: Iohannes Hus) was a Czech theologian, philosopher, and reformer who served as rector of Charles University in Prague. Influenced by the writings of John Wycliffe, Hus became a leading critic of ecclesiastical corruption, simony, and the sale of indulgences. His preaching in Czech at the Bethlehem Chapel drew a wide popular following. Hus was excommunicated in 1411 and summoned to the Council of Constance under a promise of safe conduct, where he was tried for heresy and burned at the stake on 6 July 1415. His execution provoked the Hussite Wars and made him a central figure in Czech national and religious identity.",{"title":19,"searchDepth":20,"depth":20,"links":910},[],1372,1415,"\u002Fa\u002Fjan-hus.jpg","jan-hus",{},"Iohannes Hus","\u002Fauthors\u002Fjan-hus",{"description":908},"authors\u002Fjan-hus","https:\u002F\u002Fen.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FJan_Hus","yk5mixE_fGnwy2M5-Sa1ytE-eKxnVFStiI_8oYM_2F8",{"id":923,"title":924,"body":925,"born":932,"description":929,"died":933,"extension":24,"image":934,"key":935,"meta":936,"name":937,"name_en":924,"navigation":29,"path":938,"seo":939,"stem":940,"wikipedia":941,"__hash__":942},"authors\u002Fauthors\u002Fjean-gerson.md","Jean Gerson",{"type":8,"value":926,"toc":930},[927],[11,928,929],{},"Jean Gerson (Latin: Iohannes Gersonius) was a French theologian, mystic, and ecclesiastical reformer who served as Chancellor of the University of Paris from 1395 until his death. A leading conciliarist, he played a decisive role at the Council of Constance (1414–1418) in ending the Western Schism and in the trials of Jan Hus and Jerome of Prague. Gerson wrote prolifically on pastoral theology, mystical contemplation, ecclesiastical governance, and the reform of the Church, and he was widely read throughout the late medieval and early modern periods. His works on simony, clerical discipline, and the limits of papal authority made him one of the most influential churchmen of the fifteenth century.",{"title":19,"searchDepth":20,"depth":20,"links":931},[],1363,1429,"\u002Fa\u002Fjean-gerson.jpg","jean-gerson",{},"Iohannes Gersonius","\u002Fauthors\u002Fjean-gerson",{"description":929},"authors\u002Fjean-gerson","https:\u002F\u002Fen.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FJean_Gerson","1qLpaWi5xuESDj7yHa77u7YQ6sIdXYA64b2MO0t0UOE",{"id":944,"title":945,"body":946,"born":967,"description":968,"died":112,"extension":24,"image":196,"key":969,"meta":970,"name":971,"name_en":945,"navigation":29,"path":972,"seo":973,"stem":974,"wikipedia":975,"__hash__":976},"authors\u002Fauthors\u002Fjohannes-teutonicus.md","Johannes Teutonicus",{"type":8,"value":947,"toc":965},[948],[11,949,950,951,954,955,957,958,961,962,964],{},"Johannes Teutonicus (Johann Zemeke), a German canonist trained at Bologna, compiled the ",[15,952,953],{},"Apparatus"," on Gratian's ",[15,956,644],{}," around 1216 — the great running gloss that drew together the work of the earlier decretists and became the ",[15,959,960],{},"glossa ordinaria"," of the Decretum. He served as provost of the Halberstadt cathedral chapter and later as bishop-elect, and was active at the Fourth Lateran Council (1215), on whose canons he also wrote an apparatus. His gloss on the Decretum, revised by Bartholomaeus Brixiensis around 1245, dominated the teaching of canon law for the rest of the Middle Ages and was incorporated into every standard printed edition of the ",[15,963,648],{}," through the early modern period.",{"title":19,"searchDepth":20,"depth":20,"links":966},[],1170,"Johannes Teutonicus (Johann Zemeke), a German canonist trained at Bologna, compiled the Apparatus on Gratian's Decretum around 1216 — the great running gloss that drew together the work of the earlier decretists and became the glossa ordinaria of the Decretum. He served as provost of the Halberstadt cathedral chapter and later as bishop-elect, and was active at the Fourth Lateran Council (1215), on whose canons he also wrote an apparatus. His gloss on the Decretum, revised by Bartholomaeus Brixiensis around 1245, dominated the teaching of canon law for the rest of the Middle Ages and was incorporated into every standard printed edition of the Corpus Iuris Canonici through the early modern period.","johannes-teutonicus",{},"Iohannes Teutonicus","\u002Fauthors\u002Fjohannes-teutonicus",{"description":968},"authors\u002Fjohannes-teutonicus","https:\u002F\u002Fen.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FJohannes_Teutonicus_Zemeke","n9f7LhQvYfyjCjh0CE815mQowiZgk0xjVitXcpKp2Fc",{"id":978,"title":979,"body":980,"born":991,"description":992,"died":993,"extension":24,"image":994,"key":995,"meta":996,"name":997,"name_en":979,"navigation":29,"path":998,"seo":999,"stem":1000,"wikipedia":1001,"__hash__":1002},"authors\u002Fauthors\u002Fjohn-calvin.md","John Calvin",{"type":8,"value":981,"toc":989},[982],[11,983,984,985,988],{},"John Calvin (1509–1564) was a French theologian and reformer who became the leading figure of Reformed Protestantism from his base in Geneva. Trained as a humanist lawyer, he converted to Reformed Christianity around 1533 and produced the ",[15,986,987],{},"Institutio Christianae Religionis"," in successive Latin editions from 1536 to 1559, which became the most systematic theological synthesis of the Reformation. As pastor and teacher in Geneva from 1541, he shaped Reformed church polity, doctrines of predestination and the sacraments, and biblical preaching across Europe and the wider Protestant world.",{"title":19,"searchDepth":20,"depth":20,"links":990},[],1509,"John Calvin (1509–1564) was a French theologian and reformer who became the leading figure of Reformed Protestantism from his base in Geneva. Trained as a humanist lawyer, he converted to Reformed Christianity around 1533 and produced the Institutio Christianae Religionis in successive Latin editions from 1536 to 1559, which became the most systematic theological synthesis of the Reformation. As pastor and teacher in Geneva from 1541, he shaped Reformed church polity, doctrines of predestination and the sacraments, and biblical preaching across Europe and the wider Protestant world.",1564,"\u002Fa\u002Fjohn-calvin.jpg","john-calvin",{},"Ioannes Calvinus","\u002Fauthors\u002Fjohn-calvin",{"description":992},"authors\u002Fjohn-calvin","https:\u002F\u002Fen.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FJohn_Calvin","UmIep-VOsOdzaECdzik1bDNLxANy8OLW_LKP8_-XVPw",{"id":1004,"title":1005,"body":1006,"born":1013,"description":1010,"died":1014,"extension":24,"image":1015,"key":1016,"meta":1017,"name":1018,"name_en":1005,"navigation":29,"path":1019,"seo":1020,"stem":1021,"wikipedia":1022,"__hash__":1023},"authors\u002Fauthors\u002Fjohn-major.md","John Major",{"type":8,"value":1007,"toc":1011},[1008],[11,1009,1010],{},"John Major (Latin: Johannes Maioris) was a Scottish philosopher, theologian, and historian who taught at the universities of Paris, Glasgow, and St Andrews. He was one of the last major figures of late scholasticism and a significant influence on the development of early modern philosophy and political thought. His students included John Knox and George Buchanan. Major's commentaries on Peter Lombard's Sentences were widely read and represent an important contribution to nominalist theology.",{"title":19,"searchDepth":20,"depth":20,"links":1012},[],1467,1550,"\u002Fa\u002Fjohn-major.jpg","john-major",{},"Johannes Maioris","\u002Fauthors\u002Fjohn-major",{"description":1010},"authors\u002Fjohn-major","https:\u002F\u002Fen.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FJohn_Major_(philosopher)","ka_udS7JURKljTp6SO5RNBSKTRQCl7SzBu8WolFXHZs",{"id":1025,"title":1026,"body":1027,"born":1046,"description":1047,"died":1048,"extension":24,"image":1049,"key":1050,"meta":1051,"name":1052,"name_en":1053,"navigation":29,"path":1054,"seo":1055,"stem":1056,"wikipedia":1057,"__hash__":1058},"authors\u002Fauthors\u002Fjohn-of-freiburg.md","John Of Freiburg",{"type":8,"value":1028,"toc":1044},[1029],[11,1030,1031,1032,1035,1036,1039,1040,1043],{},"John of Freiburg (Johannes de Friburgo, c. 1250–1314) was a German Dominican friar and canonist who served as lector at the Dominican convent in Freiburg im Breisgau. He is best known for his ",[15,1033,1034],{},"Summa confessorum"," (completed c. 1297–98), a comprehensive manual for confessors that reorganized and updated Raymond of Penyafort's ",[15,1037,1038],{},"Summa de casibus"," with material from Hostiensis, Goffredus of Trani, William of Rennes, and the moral theology of Thomas Aquinas. The work became the standard confessor's handbook of the later Middle Ages, surviving in hundreds of manuscripts and shaping pastoral practice for over two centuries. John also compiled the ",[15,1041,1042],{},"Libellus quaestionum casualium"," and other pastoral aids.",{"title":19,"searchDepth":20,"depth":20,"links":1045},[],1250,"John of Freiburg (Johannes de Friburgo, c. 1250–1314) was a German Dominican friar and canonist who served as lector at the Dominican convent in Freiburg im Breisgau. He is best known for his Summa confessorum (completed c. 1297–98), a comprehensive manual for confessors that reorganized and updated Raymond of Penyafort's Summa de casibus with material from Hostiensis, Goffredus of Trani, William of Rennes, and the moral theology of Thomas Aquinas. The work became the standard confessor's handbook of the later Middle Ages, surviving in hundreds of manuscripts and shaping pastoral practice for over two centuries. John also compiled the Libellus quaestionum casualium and other pastoral aids.",1314,"\u002Fa\u002Fjohn-of-freiburg.jpg","john-of-freiburg",{},"Johannes de Friburgo","John of Freiburg","\u002Fauthors\u002Fjohn-of-freiburg",{"description":1047},"authors\u002Fjohn-of-freiburg","https:\u002F\u002Fen.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FJohn_of_Freiburg","U0XlHdpaYmK-eI-L3oOp2ybOfJ94UBhgxSZNN0Uv8is",{"id":1060,"title":1061,"body":1062,"born":1069,"description":1066,"died":559,"extension":24,"image":1070,"key":1071,"meta":1072,"name":1073,"name_en":1061,"navigation":29,"path":1074,"seo":1075,"stem":1076,"wikipedia":1077,"__hash__":1078},"authors\u002Fauthors\u002Fjohn-wycliffe.md","John Wycliffe",{"type":8,"value":1063,"toc":1067},[1064],[11,1065,1066],{},"John Wycliffe (Latin: Johannes Wycliffe) was an English scholastic philosopher, theologian, and reformer at the University of Oxford. He is widely regarded as a forerunner of the Protestant Reformation for his criticisms of papal authority, clerical wealth, and the doctrine of transubstantiation. His followers, known as Lollards, carried his ideas into popular religious movements. Wycliffe's prolific Latin writings include treatises on dominion, the Church, simony, and the Eucharist, and he sponsored the first complete English translation of the Bible. His works were condemned at the Council of Constance in 1415, and his remains were exhumed and burned in 1428.",{"title":19,"searchDepth":20,"depth":20,"links":1068},[],1328,"\u002Fa\u002Fjohn-wycliffe.jpg","john-wycliffe",{},"Johannes Wycliffe","\u002Fauthors\u002Fjohn-wycliffe",{"description":1066},"authors\u002Fjohn-wycliffe","https:\u002F\u002Fen.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FJohn_Wycliffe","rbfl-SbgUCCNsInBBLJZ4ZglelExOKRnJShzVQef2CA",{"id":1080,"title":1081,"body":1082,"born":1097,"description":1098,"died":1099,"extension":24,"image":1100,"key":1101,"meta":1102,"name":1103,"name_en":1081,"navigation":29,"path":1104,"seo":1105,"stem":1106,"wikipedia":1107,"__hash__":1108},"authors\u002Fauthors\u002Fmartin-luther.md","Martin Luther",{"type":8,"value":1083,"toc":1095},[1084],[11,1085,1086,1087,1090,1091,1094],{},"Martin Luther (1483–1546) was a German theologian, Augustinian friar, and professor of biblical theology at the University of Wittenberg, whose challenge to Catholic Church doctrine and practice ignited the Protestant Reformation. His ",[15,1088,1089],{},"Ninety-Five Theses"," (1517) sparked a controversy over indulgences that expanded into a comprehensive critique of papal authority, sacramental theology, and clerical corruption. Luther's translation of the Bible into German and his voluminous writings — collected in the 73-volume Weimar Edition (",[15,1092,1093],{},"Kritische Gesamtausgabe",") — shaped both Protestant theology and the German literary language. Among his most extensive works are the Lectures on Genesis, delivered between 1535 to 1545, which occupy ten volumes of the Weimar Edition.",{"title":19,"searchDepth":20,"depth":20,"links":1096},[],1483,"Martin Luther (1483–1546) was a German theologian, Augustinian friar, and professor of biblical theology at the University of Wittenberg, whose challenge to Catholic Church doctrine and practice ignited the Protestant Reformation. His Ninety-Five Theses (1517) sparked a controversy over indulgences that expanded into a comprehensive critique of papal authority, sacramental theology, and clerical corruption. Luther's translation of the Bible into German and his voluminous writings — collected in the 73-volume Weimar Edition (Kritische Gesamtausgabe) — shaped both Protestant theology and the German literary language. Among his most extensive works are the Lectures on Genesis, delivered between 1535 to 1545, which occupy ten volumes of the Weimar Edition.",1546,"\u002Fa\u002Fmartin-luther.jpg","martin-luther",{},"Martinus Luther","\u002Fauthors\u002Fmartin-luther",{"description":1098},"authors\u002Fmartin-luther","https:\u002F\u002Fen.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FMartin_Luther","JdcaFt-EYQ46_9ZTNHzYE1eQcht12XoDrYJTWeCAH9I",{"id":1110,"title":1111,"body":1112,"born":1119,"description":1116,"died":1120,"extension":24,"image":196,"key":1121,"meta":1122,"name":1123,"name_en":1124,"navigation":29,"path":1125,"seo":1126,"stem":1127,"wikipedia":1128,"__hash__":1129},"authors\u002Fauthors\u002Fmaurice-of-prague.md","Maurice Of Prague",{"type":8,"value":1113,"toc":1117},[1114],[11,1115,1116],{},"Maurice of Prague (Mauritius Rvačka, c. 1360–1434) was a Bohemian theologian, master and chancellor of the University of Prague, and a leading opponent of Jan Hus within the Bohemian church. Trained at Prague and Paris, he represented the Czech nation at the Council of Pisa (1409) and played a prominent role at the Council of Constance (1414–1418), where he served as an assessor and delivered a solemn oration calling for the reform of the ecclesiastical estate along the lines of the primitive Church. A staunch defender of Catholic orthodoxy against Wycliffite and Hussite doctrine, he later participated in disputations at the Council of Basel.",{"title":19,"searchDepth":20,"depth":20,"links":1118},[],1360,1434,"maurice-of-prague",{},"Mauritius de Praga","Maurice of Prague","\u002Fauthors\u002Fmaurice-of-prague",{"description":1116},"authors\u002Fmaurice-of-prague","https:\u002F\u002Fen.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FMaur%C3%ADcius_Rva%C4%8Dka","oB-qo-O2IfdcBeJyF4JU1rl65UFT5saeWFeE1q7PFy4",{"id":1131,"title":1132,"body":1133,"born":503,"description":1137,"died":1140,"extension":24,"image":1141,"key":1142,"meta":1143,"name":1144,"name_en":1145,"navigation":29,"path":1146,"seo":1147,"stem":1148,"wikipedia":1149,"__hash__":1150},"authors\u002Fauthors\u002Fpaludanus.md","Paludanus",{"type":8,"value":1134,"toc":1138},[1135],[11,1136,1137],{},"Peter of Palude (c. 1275–1342) was a French Dominican theologian and scholastic philosopher. He studied and taught at Paris, where he became a prominent defender of Thomism, engaging closely with the thought of Aquinas against competing scholastic schools. In 1329 Pope John XXII appointed him Latin Patriarch of Jerusalem, a largely honorific title he held while remaining active in European theological affairs. His commentaries on all four books of Peter Lombard's Sentences are his principal surviving works, notable for their thoroughgoing Thomism and detailed treatment of sacramental and moral theology.",{"title":19,"searchDepth":20,"depth":20,"links":1139},[],1342,"\u002Fa\u002Fpaludanus.jpg","paludanus",{},"Petrus de Palude","Peter of Palude","\u002Fauthors\u002Fpaludanus",{"description":1137},"authors\u002Fpaludanus","https:\u002F\u002Fen.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FPeter_of_Palude","6mi9OP5Zi1hpb-yLj7fPnStsYMLLWlhAAYlHFkZ390M",{"id":1152,"title":1153,"body":1154,"born":1161,"description":1158,"died":1162,"extension":24,"image":1163,"key":1164,"meta":1165,"name":1166,"name_en":1153,"navigation":29,"path":1167,"seo":1168,"stem":1169,"wikipedia":1170,"__hash__":1171},"authors\u002Fauthors\u002Fpanormitanus.md","Panormitanus",{"type":8,"value":1155,"toc":1159},[1156],[11,1157,1158],{},"Nicolaus de Tudeschis (known as Panormitanus or Abbas Panormitanus) was a Sicilian Benedictine canonist, born in Catania. He studied under Francesco Zabarella at Padua and Bologna, and became the foremost canon lawyer of his age, earning the scholastic epithet \"lucerna juris\" (lamp of the law). In 1425 he was made abbot of the monastery of San Maria di Maniace near Messina, and in 1434 King Alfonso V of Aragon nominated him Archbishop of Palermo, from which office he took the name Panormitanus. His massive commentaries on the Decretals of Gregory IX became the standard reference work in canon law for over a century and were among the most frequently printed legal texts of the incunabula period.",{"title":19,"searchDepth":20,"depth":20,"links":1160},[],1386,1445,"\u002Fa\u002Fpanormitanus.jpg","panormitanus",{},"Nicolaus de Tudeschis","\u002Fauthors\u002Fpanormitanus",{"description":1158},"authors\u002Fpanormitanus","https:\u002F\u002Fen.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FPanormitanus","jdOpAO5hmWoelQ5u-1YwFIANFIUGw4W4JWAh09e26VQ",{"id":1173,"title":1174,"body":1175,"born":68,"description":1194,"died":833,"extension":24,"image":1195,"key":1196,"meta":1197,"name":1198,"name_en":1199,"navigation":29,"path":1200,"seo":1201,"stem":1202,"wikipedia":1203,"__hash__":1204},"authors\u002Fauthors\u002Fperaldus.md","Peraldus",{"type":8,"value":1176,"toc":1192},[1177],[11,1178,1179,1180,1183,1184,1187,1188,1191],{},"William Peraldus (Latin: Guillelmus Peraldus, French: Guillaume Peyraut) was a French Dominican friar and theologian. He served as prior of the Dominican convent in Lyon and was one of the most widely read moral theologians of the later Middle Ages. His two great works, the ",[15,1181,1182],{},"Summa de Virtutibus"," and the ",[15,1185,1186],{},"Summa de Vitiis",", were composed in the 1230s–1250s and circulated together as the ",[15,1189,1190],{},"Summa de Virtutibus et Vitiis",". These practical handbooks for preachers and confessors offered systematic treatments of the virtues and vices, drawing on Scripture, the Church Fathers, and Aristotle. They were among the most copied and printed texts of the medieval period, surviving in hundreds of manuscripts and numerous incunabula editions.",{"title":19,"searchDepth":20,"depth":20,"links":1193},[],"William Peraldus (Latin: Guillelmus Peraldus, French: Guillaume Peyraut) was a French Dominican friar and theologian. He served as prior of the Dominican convent in Lyon and was one of the most widely read moral theologians of the later Middle Ages. His two great works, the Summa de Virtutibus and the Summa de Vitiis, were composed in the 1230s–1250s and circulated together as the Summa de Virtutibus et Vitiis. These practical handbooks for preachers and confessors offered systematic treatments of the virtues and vices, drawing on Scripture, the Church Fathers, and Aristotle. They were among the most copied and printed texts of the medieval period, surviving in hundreds of manuscripts and numerous incunabula editions.","\u002Fa\u002Fperaldus.jpg","peraldus",{},"Guillelmus Peraldus","William Peraldus","\u002Fauthors\u002Fperaldus",{"description":1194},"authors\u002Fperaldus","https:\u002F\u002Fen.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FWilliam_Peraldus","ww4n6-j-wXZEhAFsoGTJVIdhOIcTvX2QQMHoukDo4KE",{"id":1206,"title":1207,"body":1208,"born":70,"description":1223,"died":1224,"extension":24,"image":1225,"key":1226,"meta":1227,"name":1228,"name_en":1207,"navigation":29,"path":1229,"seo":1230,"stem":1231,"wikipedia":1232,"__hash__":1233},"authors\u002Fauthors\u002Fpeter-auriol.md","Peter Auriol",{"type":8,"value":1209,"toc":1221},[1210],[11,1211,1212,1213,1216,1217,1220],{},"Peter Auriol (ca. 1280–1322) was a French Franciscan theologian whose ",[15,1214,1215],{},"Scriptum super Sententias",", lectured at Paris c. 1316–1318, stands as one of the most sophisticated early fourteenth-century commentaries on Peter Lombard. A keen critic of Duns Scotus, Auriol developed a distinctive theory of cognition centered on ",[15,1218,1219],{},"esse apparens"," (the apparent being of the object in the mind) and contributed original positions on universals, predestination, and future contingents. He served as Archbishop of Aix-en-Provence from 1321 and was created cardinal shortly before his death. His influence on later scholastics including Gregory of Rimini and the fourteenth-century debates on divine foreknowledge was considerable.",{"title":19,"searchDepth":20,"depth":20,"links":1222},[],"Peter Auriol (ca. 1280–1322) was a French Franciscan theologian whose Scriptum super Sententias, lectured at Paris c. 1316–1318, stands as one of the most sophisticated early fourteenth-century commentaries on Peter Lombard. A keen critic of Duns Scotus, Auriol developed a distinctive theory of cognition centered on esse apparens (the apparent being of the object in the mind) and contributed original positions on universals, predestination, and future contingents. He served as Archbishop of Aix-en-Provence from 1321 and was created cardinal shortly before his death. His influence on later scholastics including Gregory of Rimini and the fourteenth-century debates on divine foreknowledge was considerable.",1322,"\u002Fa\u002Fpeter-auriol.jpg","peter-auriol",{},"Petrus Aureolus","\u002Fauthors\u002Fpeter-auriol",{"description":1223},"authors\u002Fpeter-auriol","https:\u002F\u002Fen.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FPeter_Auriol","0lyQteoA7OKgHby-rtD-TSo4Darok4wV9ER984pcl6o",{"id":1235,"title":1236,"body":1237,"born":1252,"description":1253,"died":1254,"extension":24,"image":1255,"key":1256,"meta":1257,"name":1258,"name_en":1236,"navigation":29,"path":1259,"seo":1260,"stem":1261,"wikipedia":1262,"__hash__":1263},"authors\u002Fauthors\u002Fpeter-cantor.md","Peter Cantor",{"type":8,"value":1238,"toc":1250},[1239],[11,1240,1241,1242,1245,1246,1249],{},"Peter Cantor (Petrus Cantor, ca. 1130–1197) was a Parisian theologian and precentor of Notre-Dame Cathedral, one of the most prominent moral theologians of the late twelfth century. His major work, the ",[15,1243,1244],{},"Verbum Abbreviatum",", is an expansive compendium on Christian morality, pastoral practice, and ecclesiastical abuses, drawing on Scripture, the Fathers, and canon law. He also produced the ",[15,1247,1248],{},"Summa de Sacramentis et Animae Consiliis",", a systematic treatment of the sacraments and moral cases. A fierce critic of simony, clerical avarice, and corruption, Peter was a formative influence on the Paris schools and on the generation of theologians who shaped the Fourth Lateran Council (1215).",{"title":19,"searchDepth":20,"depth":20,"links":1251},[],1130,"Peter Cantor (Petrus Cantor, ca. 1130–1197) was a Parisian theologian and precentor of Notre-Dame Cathedral, one of the most prominent moral theologians of the late twelfth century. His major work, the Verbum Abbreviatum, is an expansive compendium on Christian morality, pastoral practice, and ecclesiastical abuses, drawing on Scripture, the Fathers, and canon law. He also produced the Summa de Sacramentis et Animae Consiliis, a systematic treatment of the sacraments and moral cases. A fierce critic of simony, clerical avarice, and corruption, Peter was a formative influence on the Paris schools and on the generation of theologians who shaped the Fourth Lateran Council (1215).",1197,"\u002Fa\u002Fpeter-cantor.jpg","peter-cantor",{},"Petrus Cantor","\u002Fauthors\u002Fpeter-cantor",{"description":1253},"authors\u002Fpeter-cantor","https:\u002F\u002Fen.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FPeter_the_Chanter","EWbKpkS1Y-ZheeVr01rFMy9rPzzc9k_Mfw7uQzN2XjQ",{"id":1265,"title":1266,"body":1267,"born":1282,"description":1283,"died":1284,"extension":24,"image":1285,"key":1286,"meta":1287,"name":1288,"name_en":1266,"navigation":29,"path":1289,"seo":1290,"stem":1291,"wikipedia":1292,"__hash__":1293},"authors\u002Fauthors\u002Fpeter-damian.md","Peter Damian",{"type":8,"value":1268,"toc":1280},[1269],[11,1270,1271,1272,1275,1276,1279],{},"Peter Damian (1007–1072) was an Italian Benedictine monk, reforming abbot of Fonte Avellana, and cardinal-bishop of Ostia. One of the most influential figures of the eleventh-century Gregorian Reform, he combined rigorous asceticism with prolific polemical and pastoral writing, directing his efforts against clerical concubinage, simony, and the corruption of the institutional church. His ",[15,1273,1274],{},"Liber Gomorrhianus"," attacked sexual immorality among the clergy, while his ",[15,1277,1278],{},"Liber Gratissimus"," (1052) addressed the thorny canonical question of whether ordinations performed by simoniacal bishops were valid — arguing, against Humbert of Silva Candida, that they were, so that the ordained recipients could retain their orders without reordination. He was declared a Doctor of the Church in 1828.",{"title":19,"searchDepth":20,"depth":20,"links":1281},[],1007,"Peter Damian (1007–1072) was an Italian Benedictine monk, reforming abbot of Fonte Avellana, and cardinal-bishop of Ostia. One of the most influential figures of the eleventh-century Gregorian Reform, he combined rigorous asceticism with prolific polemical and pastoral writing, directing his efforts against clerical concubinage, simony, and the corruption of the institutional church. His Liber Gomorrhianus attacked sexual immorality among the clergy, while his Liber Gratissimus (1052) addressed the thorny canonical question of whether ordinations performed by simoniacal bishops were valid — arguing, against Humbert of Silva Candida, that they were, so that the ordained recipients could retain their orders without reordination. He was declared a Doctor of the Church in 1828.",1072,"\u002Fa\u002Fpeter-damian.jpg","peter-damian",{},"Petrus Damiani","\u002Fauthors\u002Fpeter-damian",{"description":1283},"authors\u002Fpeter-damian","https:\u002F\u002Fen.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FPeter_Damian","6OX9GmA8YfnANF4cX6dghoYJM-koeRZg3PL60eB2Ow8",{"id":1295,"title":1296,"body":1297,"born":1308,"description":1309,"died":654,"extension":24,"image":1310,"key":1311,"meta":1312,"name":1313,"name_en":1296,"navigation":29,"path":1314,"seo":1315,"stem":1316,"wikipedia":1317,"__hash__":1318},"authors\u002Fauthors\u002Fpeter-lombard.md","Peter Lombard",{"type":8,"value":1298,"toc":1306},[1299],[11,1300,1301,1302,1305],{},"Peter Lombard (ca. 1096–1160) was a scholastic theologian and Bishop of Paris, best known as the author of the ",[15,1303,1304],{},"Sententiarum libri quatuor"," (Four Books of the Sentences), a systematic compilation of patristic and early medieval theological opinion organized around the doctrines of the Trinity, Creation, the Incarnation, and the Sacraments. Composed around 1150, the Sentences became the standard theological textbook of the medieval university, and every major scholastic theologian — including Aquinas, Bonaventure, Scotus, and Ockham — was required to lecture on it. Lombard studied in Bologna and Paris, taught at the cathedral school of Notre-Dame, and was appointed Bishop of Paris in 1159, a position he held until his death the following year.",{"title":19,"searchDepth":20,"depth":20,"links":1307},[],1096,"Peter Lombard (ca. 1096–1160) was a scholastic theologian and Bishop of Paris, best known as the author of the Sententiarum libri quatuor (Four Books of the Sentences), a systematic compilation of patristic and early medieval theological opinion organized around the doctrines of the Trinity, Creation, the Incarnation, and the Sacraments. Composed around 1150, the Sentences became the standard theological textbook of the medieval university, and every major scholastic theologian — including Aquinas, Bonaventure, Scotus, and Ockham — was required to lecture on it. Lombard studied in Bologna and Paris, taught at the cathedral school of Notre-Dame, and was appointed Bishop of Paris in 1159, a position he held until his death the following year.","\u002Fa\u002Fpeter-lombard.jpg","peter-lombard",{},"Petrus Lombardus","\u002Fauthors\u002Fpeter-lombard",{"description":1309},"authors\u002Fpeter-lombard","https:\u002F\u002Fen.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FPeter_Lombard","DVO46IgN_P9CQOWszGQ46FPORWtjg1hBNgFnuyPY-Rg",{"id":1320,"title":1321,"body":1322,"born":1337,"description":1338,"died":1339,"extension":24,"image":1340,"key":1341,"meta":1342,"name":1343,"name_en":1343,"navigation":29,"path":1344,"seo":1345,"stem":1346,"wikipedia":1347,"__hash__":1348},"authors\u002Fauthors\u002Fprierias.md","Prierias",{"type":8,"value":1323,"toc":1335},[1324],[11,1325,1326,1327,1330,1331,1334],{},"Silvestro Mazzolini (Silvester Prierias, 1456–1527) was an Italian Dominican theologian and inquisitor from Prierio in Piedmont. He taught Thomist philosophy and theology at Bologna and Padua, was named Master of the Sacred Palace by Leo X in 1515, and served as the papal censor of theological writings in Rome. He is remembered both as the first Catholic theologian to write publicly against Martin Luther — his ",[15,1328,1329],{},"Dialogus de potestate papae"," (1518) opened the controversy — and as the author of the ",[15,1332,1333],{},"Summa summarum quae Silvestrina nuncupatur",", an alphabetical confessor's manual that became one of the most widely consulted moral-theological works of the sixteenth century.",{"title":19,"searchDepth":20,"depth":20,"links":1336},[],1456,"Silvestro Mazzolini (Silvester Prierias, 1456–1527) was an Italian Dominican theologian and inquisitor from Prierio in Piedmont. He taught Thomist philosophy and theology at Bologna and Padua, was named Master of the Sacred Palace by Leo X in 1515, and served as the papal censor of theological writings in Rome. He is remembered both as the first Catholic theologian to write publicly against Martin Luther — his Dialogus de potestate papae (1518) opened the controversy — and as the author of the Summa summarum quae Silvestrina nuncupatur, an alphabetical confessor's manual that became one of the most widely consulted moral-theological works of the sixteenth century.",1527,"\u002Fa\u002Fprierias.jpg","prierias",{},"Silvester Prierias","\u002Fauthors\u002Fprierias",{"description":1338},"authors\u002Fprierias","https:\u002F\u002Fen.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FSilvestro_Mazzolini_da_Prierio","cbO2BxFogbGlPhJyjQ4NKoCvNtQ61fLE-ggiMZ4yJsc",{"id":1350,"title":1351,"body":1352,"born":1359,"description":1356,"died":1360,"extension":24,"image":1361,"key":1362,"meta":1363,"name":1351,"name_en":1351,"navigation":29,"path":1364,"seo":1365,"stem":1366,"wikipedia":38,"__hash__":1367},"authors\u002Fauthors\u002Fralph-cudworth.md","Ralph Cudworth",{"type":8,"value":1353,"toc":1357},[1354],[11,1355,1356],{},"Ralph Cudworth (c. 1563–1624) was a Puritan divine and fellow of Emmanuel College, Cambridge. At the request of William Perkins's executors, he supplied the supplement on the sixth chapter of Galatians to complete Perkins's unfinished commentary, published in 1607. He is the father of the Cambridge Platonist philosopher Ralph Cudworth (1617–1688).",{"title":19,"searchDepth":20,"depth":20,"links":1358},[],1563,1624,"\u002Fa\u002Fralph-cudworth.jpg","ralph-cudworth",{},"\u002Fauthors\u002Fralph-cudworth",{"description":1356},"authors\u002Fralph-cudworth","-lo5-DFEgxrdUltBEo82CBGfLUIS29kvHn252mvT08k",{"id":1369,"title":1370,"body":1371,"born":1392,"description":1393,"died":503,"extension":24,"image":1394,"key":1395,"meta":1396,"name":1397,"name_en":1398,"navigation":29,"path":1399,"seo":1400,"stem":1401,"wikipedia":1402,"__hash__":1403},"authors\u002Fauthors\u002Fraymond-of-penyafort.md","Raymond Of Penyafort",{"type":8,"value":1372,"toc":1390},[1373],[11,1374,1375,1376,239,1379,1382,1383,1385,1386,1389],{},"Raymond of Penyafort (c. 1175–1275) was a Catalan Dominican friar, canon lawyer, and papal penitentiary who compiled the ",[15,1377,1378],{},"Decretales Gregorii IX",[15,1380,1381],{},"Liber Extra",") at the commission of Pope Gregory IX, completing it in 1234. The compilation systematized five books of papal decretals into the authoritative canon law collection that governed the medieval Western church alongside Gratian's ",[15,1384,644],{},". Raymond also served as Master General of the Dominican Order (1238–1240) and is credited with encouraging Thomas Aquinas to write the ",[15,1387,1388],{},"Summa contra Gentiles",". He was canonized in 1601 and is the patron saint of canon lawyers.",{"title":19,"searchDepth":20,"depth":20,"links":1391},[],1175,"Raymond of Penyafort (c. 1175–1275) was a Catalan Dominican friar, canon lawyer, and papal penitentiary who compiled the Decretales Gregorii IX (Liber Extra) at the commission of Pope Gregory IX, completing it in 1234. The compilation systematized five books of papal decretals into the authoritative canon law collection that governed the medieval Western church alongside Gratian's Decretum. Raymond also served as Master General of the Dominican Order (1238–1240) and is credited with encouraging Thomas Aquinas to write the Summa contra Gentiles. He was canonized in 1601 and is the patron saint of canon lawyers.","\u002Fa\u002Fraymond-of-penyafort.jpg","raymond-of-penyafort",{},"Raimundus de Penyafort","Raymond of Penyafort","\u002Fauthors\u002Fraymond-of-penyafort",{"description":1393},"authors\u002Fraymond-of-penyafort","https:\u002F\u002Fen.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FRaymond_of_Penyafort","R-rIwFuvzQwLxUV3eCA6KpvIZyMTykel2A6upxW9z2k",{"id":1405,"title":1406,"body":1407,"born":1417,"description":1418,"died":483,"extension":24,"image":1419,"key":1420,"meta":1421,"name":1422,"name_en":1423,"navigation":29,"path":1424,"seo":1425,"stem":1426,"wikipedia":1427,"__hash__":1428},"authors\u002Fauthors\u002Frichard-of-middleton.md","Richard Of Middleton",{"type":8,"value":1408,"toc":1415},[1409],[11,1410,1411,1412,1414],{},"Richard of Middleton (Ricardus de Mediavilla, c. 1249–c. 1308) was a Franciscan theologian and scholastic philosopher, probably of Norman French origin. He studied and taught at Paris, where he served as regent master at the Franciscan studium (1284–1287) and later as minister provincial of France. His commentary on Peter Lombard's ",[15,1413,98],{},", edited 1285–1295, is his principal surviving work, notable for its careful synthesis of Aristotelian philosophy and Franciscan theology. He also produced three sets of quodlibetal disputations and numerous disputed questions.",{"title":19,"searchDepth":20,"depth":20,"links":1416},[],1249,"Richard of Middleton (Ricardus de Mediavilla, c. 1249–c. 1308) was a Franciscan theologian and scholastic philosopher, probably of Norman French origin. He studied and taught at Paris, where he served as regent master at the Franciscan studium (1284–1287) and later as minister provincial of France. His commentary on Peter Lombard's Sentences, edited 1285–1295, is his principal surviving work, notable for its careful synthesis of Aristotelian philosophy and Franciscan theology. He also produced three sets of quodlibetal disputations and numerous disputed questions.","\u002Fa\u002Frichard-of-middleton.jpg","richard-of-middleton",{},"Ricardus de Mediavilla","Richard of Middleton","\u002Fauthors\u002Frichard-of-middleton",{"description":1418},"authors\u002Frichard-of-middleton","https:\u002F\u002Fen.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FRichard_of_Middleton","h_Crd4s6QXBE2yw8RAd_pzr-CiKNB7Marf5V2a-gKj4",{"id":1430,"title":1431,"body":1432,"born":654,"description":1442,"died":1443,"extension":24,"image":1444,"key":1445,"meta":1446,"name":1447,"name_en":1448,"navigation":29,"path":1449,"seo":1450,"stem":1451,"wikipedia":1452,"__hash__":1453},"authors\u002Fauthors\u002Frobert-de-courson.md","Robert De Courson",{"type":8,"value":1433,"toc":1440},[1434],[11,1435,1436,1437,1439],{},"Robert of Courson (Robertus de Corcun, ca. 1160\u002F70–1218) was an English-born theologian who studied under Peter the Chanter at the University of Paris, where he later became a master of theology. His ",[15,1438,579],{}," (c. 1208–1214) is a massive compendium of moral theology treating simony, usury, oaths, vows, and ecclesiastical discipline, drawing on canon law, Scripture, and the Parisian schools. Appointed cardinal legate by Pope Innocent III in 1212, he conducted sweeping reform councils across France and played a formative role in preparing the Fourth Lateran Council (1215). He died at the Crusaders' camp at Damietta in 1218.",{"title":19,"searchDepth":20,"depth":20,"links":1441},[],"Robert of Courson (Robertus de Corcun, ca. 1160\u002F70–1218) was an English-born theologian who studied under Peter the Chanter at the University of Paris, where he later became a master of theology. His Summa (c. 1208–1214) is a massive compendium of moral theology treating simony, usury, oaths, vows, and ecclesiastical discipline, drawing on canon law, Scripture, and the Parisian schools. Appointed cardinal legate by Pope Innocent III in 1212, he conducted sweeping reform councils across France and played a formative role in preparing the Fourth Lateran Council (1215). He died at the Crusaders' camp at Damietta in 1218.",1218,"\u002Fa\u002Frobert-de-courson.jpg","robert-de-courson",{},"Robertus de Corcun","Robert of Courson","\u002Fauthors\u002Frobert-de-courson",{"description":1442},"authors\u002Frobert-de-courson","https:\u002F\u002Fen.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FRobert_of_Courson","6j5cntUAhDpVUIQqun317Eipdd12tbbpP3GzQx74kIc",{"id":1455,"title":1456,"body":1457,"born":1471,"description":1472,"died":388,"extension":24,"image":1473,"key":1474,"meta":1475,"name":1476,"name_en":1456,"navigation":29,"path":1477,"seo":1478,"stem":1479,"wikipedia":1480,"__hash__":1481},"authors\u002Fauthors\u002Fthomas-aquinas.md","Thomas Aquinas",{"type":8,"value":1458,"toc":1469},[1459],[11,1460,1461,1462,1465,1466,1468],{},"Thomas Aquinas (c. 1225–1274) was an Italian Dominican friar, philosopher, and theologian, known as the ",[15,1463,1464],{},"Doctor Angelicus",". His ",[15,1467,64],{}," is the foremost systematic work of medieval scholastic theology, integrating Aristotelian philosophy with Catholic doctrine across questions of God, creation, ethics, and law. He was declared a Doctor of the Church in 1568 and remains the preeminent authority in Thomistic philosophy.",{"title":19,"searchDepth":20,"depth":20,"links":1470},[],1225,"Thomas Aquinas (c. 1225–1274) was an Italian Dominican friar, philosopher, and theologian, known as the Doctor Angelicus. His Summa Theologiae is the foremost systematic work of medieval scholastic theology, integrating Aristotelian philosophy with Catholic doctrine across questions of God, creation, ethics, and law. He was declared a Doctor of the Church in 1568 and remains the preeminent authority in Thomistic philosophy.","\u002Fa\u002Fthomas-aquinas.jpg","thomas-aquinas",{},"Thomas de Aquino","\u002Fauthors\u002Fthomas-aquinas",{"description":1472},"authors\u002Fthomas-aquinas","https:\u002F\u002Fen.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FThomas_Aquinas","Ta_-VRJSVFWJGAcbyknBoWAysB1vm3CNw_sGSmr0EPk",{"id":1483,"title":1484,"body":1485,"born":503,"description":1499,"died":1500,"extension":24,"image":1501,"key":1502,"meta":1503,"name":1504,"name_en":1505,"navigation":29,"path":1506,"seo":1507,"stem":1508,"wikipedia":1509,"__hash__":1510},"authors\u002Fauthors\u002Fthomas-of-strasbourg.md","Thomas Of Strasbourg",{"type":8,"value":1486,"toc":1497},[1487],[11,1488,1489,1490,1493,1494,1496],{},"Thomas of Strasbourg (Thomas de Argentina, c. 1275–1357) was an Augustinian Hermit theologian and philosopher who served as Prior General of his order from 1345 until his death. He studied and taught at Paris, Oxford, and other major schools, becoming one of the most prominent Augustinian scholastics of the fourteenth century. His principal work, the ",[15,1491,1492],{},"Commentaria in quatuor libros Sententiarum"," (composed c. 1335–1337), is a substantial commentary on Peter Lombard's ",[15,1495,98],{}," that engages extensively with Thomas Aquinas, John Duns Scotus, and William of Ockham. He is sometimes considered a representative of an Augustinian school standing between the via antiqua and via moderna.",{"title":19,"searchDepth":20,"depth":20,"links":1498},[],"Thomas of Strasbourg (Thomas de Argentina, c. 1275–1357) was an Augustinian Hermit theologian and philosopher who served as Prior General of his order from 1345 until his death. He studied and taught at Paris, Oxford, and other major schools, becoming one of the most prominent Augustinian scholastics of the fourteenth century. His principal work, the Commentaria in quatuor libros Sententiarum (composed c. 1335–1337), is a substantial commentary on Peter Lombard's Sentences that engages extensively with Thomas Aquinas, John Duns Scotus, and William of Ockham. He is sometimes considered a representative of an Augustinian school standing between the via antiqua and via moderna.",1357,"\u002Fa\u002Fthomas-of-strasbourg.jpg","thomas-of-strasbourg",{},"Thomas de Argentina","Thomas of Strasbourg","\u002Fauthors\u002Fthomas-of-strasbourg",{"description":1499},"authors\u002Fthomas-of-strasbourg","https:\u002F\u002Fen.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FThomas_of_Strasbourg","U-1OqtnBtHW16RxkaGBW2r92BpjZpGkB3dF8bXg9RKI",{"id":1512,"title":1513,"body":1514,"born":1525,"description":1526,"died":1527,"extension":24,"image":1528,"key":1529,"meta":1530,"name":1531,"name_en":1532,"navigation":29,"path":1533,"seo":1534,"stem":1535,"wikipedia":1536,"__hash__":1537},"authors\u002Fauthors\u002Fturretin.md","Turretin",{"type":8,"value":1515,"toc":1523},[1516],[11,1517,1518,1519,1522],{},"Francis Turretin (1623–1687) was a Genevan Reformed theologian of Italian Protestant descent, pastor at the Italian congregation in Geneva and professor of theology at the Genevan Academy. His principal work, the ",[15,1520,1521],{},"Institutio Theologiae Elencticae"," (3 vols., 1679–1685), became the standard dogmatics text of high Reformed orthodoxy, shaping confessional Calvinist theology well into the nineteenth century, particularly in Scotland and America through Princeton Seminary. He was a fierce defender of Reformed doctrine against Arminianism, Socinianism, and Roman Catholicism, and a key figure in the formation of the Helvetic Consensus Formula (1675).",{"title":19,"searchDepth":20,"depth":20,"links":1524},[],1623,"Francis Turretin (1623–1687) was a Genevan Reformed theologian of Italian Protestant descent, pastor at the Italian congregation in Geneva and professor of theology at the Genevan Academy. His principal work, the Institutio Theologiae Elencticae (3 vols., 1679–1685), became the standard dogmatics text of high Reformed orthodoxy, shaping confessional Calvinist theology well into the nineteenth century, particularly in Scotland and America through Princeton Seminary. He was a fierce defender of Reformed doctrine against Arminianism, Socinianism, and Roman Catholicism, and a key figure in the formation of the Helvetic Consensus Formula (1675).",1687,"\u002Fa\u002Fturretin.jpg","turretin",{},"Franciscus Turrettinus","Francis Turretin","\u002Fauthors\u002Fturretin",{"description":1526},"authors\u002Fturretin","https:\u002F\u002Fen.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FFrancis_Turretin","bcG5TKgAyUhUq-seebVeLrFRkn2ctTtvTofxTx8X9F0",{"id":1539,"title":1540,"body":1541,"born":1556,"description":1557,"died":1558,"extension":24,"image":1559,"key":1560,"meta":1561,"name":1562,"name_en":1540,"navigation":29,"path":1563,"seo":1564,"stem":1565,"wikipedia":1566,"__hash__":1567},"authors\u002Fauthors\u002Fwilliam-ames.md","William Ames",{"type":8,"value":1542,"toc":1554},[1543],[11,1544,1545,1546,1549,1550,1553],{},"William Ames (1576–1633) was an English Puritan theologian and philosopher who became one of the most influential Reformed thinkers of the seventeenth century. Educated at Christ's College, Cambridge under William Perkins, he was driven from England for his nonconformity and eventually appointed professor of theology at the University of Franeker in Friesland (1622–1633). His two major works, the ",[15,1547,1548],{},"Medulla Theologica"," (1627) and ",[15,1551,1552],{},"De Conscientia"," (1630), provided compact systematic treatments of Reformed doctrine and casuistry that were widely used as textbooks in both European and New England universities. His emphasis on practical, experiential piety shaped the Puritan tradition on both sides of the Atlantic.",{"title":19,"searchDepth":20,"depth":20,"links":1555},[],1576,"William Ames (1576–1633) was an English Puritan theologian and philosopher who became one of the most influential Reformed thinkers of the seventeenth century. Educated at Christ's College, Cambridge under William Perkins, he was driven from England for his nonconformity and eventually appointed professor of theology at the University of Franeker in Friesland (1622–1633). His two major works, the Medulla Theologica (1627) and De Conscientia (1630), provided compact systematic treatments of Reformed doctrine and casuistry that were widely used as textbooks in both European and New England universities. His emphasis on practical, experiential piety shaped the Puritan tradition on both sides of the Atlantic.",1633,"\u002Fa\u002Fwilliam-ames.jpg","william-ames",{},"Gulielmus Amesius","\u002Fauthors\u002Fwilliam-ames",{"description":1557},"authors\u002Fwilliam-ames","https:\u002F\u002Fen.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FWilliam_Ames_(theologian)","kZ4qYmoTjsYe3NBsqq48kVOKLf6AAuZDM699kwiU3GM",{"id":1569,"title":1570,"body":1571,"born":1584,"description":1585,"died":1586,"extension":24,"image":1587,"key":1588,"meta":1589,"name":1590,"name_en":1591,"navigation":29,"path":1592,"seo":1593,"stem":1594,"wikipedia":1595,"__hash__":1596},"authors\u002Fauthors\u002Fwilliam-of-auxerre.md","William Of Auxerre",{"type":8,"value":1572,"toc":1582},[1573],[11,1574,1575,1576,1578,1579,1581],{},"William of Auxerre (Guillelmus Altissiodorensis, c. 1150–1231) was a French scholastic theologian and master at the University of Paris in the first decades of the thirteenth century, and archdeacon of Beauvais. His ",[15,1577,817],{},", composed in the 1220s, is one of the earliest systematic theological summae and an important transitional work between Peter Lombard's ",[15,1580,98],{}," and the great Dominican and Franciscan summae of the mid-thirteenth century; it was widely read and influenced Alexander of Hales, Albert the Great, and Thomas Aquinas. He was among the first scholastics to make extensive theological use of the newly available Aristotelian corpus. In 1231 he was appointed by Gregory IX to the commission charged with examining and expurgating Aristotle's natural philosophy, but died in Rome that same year before the work could begin.",{"title":19,"searchDepth":20,"depth":20,"links":1583},[],1150,"William of Auxerre (Guillelmus Altissiodorensis, c. 1150–1231) was a French scholastic theologian and master at the University of Paris in the first decades of the thirteenth century, and archdeacon of Beauvais. His Summa aurea, composed in the 1220s, is one of the earliest systematic theological summae and an important transitional work between Peter Lombard's Sentences and the great Dominican and Franciscan summae of the mid-thirteenth century; it was widely read and influenced Alexander of Hales, Albert the Great, and Thomas Aquinas. He was among the first scholastics to make extensive theological use of the newly available Aristotelian corpus. In 1231 he was appointed by Gregory IX to the commission charged with examining and expurgating Aristotle's natural philosophy, but died in Rome that same year before the work could begin.",1231,"\u002Fa\u002Fwilliam-of-auxerre.jpg","william-of-auxerre",{},"Guillelmus Altissiodorensis","William of Auxerre","\u002Fauthors\u002Fwilliam-of-auxerre",{"description":1585},"authors\u002Fwilliam-of-auxerre","https:\u002F\u002Fen.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FWilliam_of_Auxerre","wmXZY_IhRgDuN7QR12erpxv12PbsSvbs40Q8MLYfgrE",{"id":1598,"title":1599,"body":1600,"born":1607,"description":1604,"died":1608,"extension":24,"image":1609,"key":1610,"meta":1611,"name":1599,"name_en":1599,"navigation":29,"path":1612,"seo":1613,"stem":1614,"wikipedia":1615,"__hash__":1616},"authors\u002Fauthors\u002Fwilliam-perkins.md","William Perkins",{"type":8,"value":1601,"toc":1605},[1602],[11,1603,1604],{},"William Perkins (1558–1602) was an influential English Puritan theologian and fellow of Christ's College, Cambridge. One of the leading Reformed theologians of his generation, he was renowned for his plain preaching style and prolific writings on predestination, casuistry, and practical divinity. His commentary on the Epistle to the Galatians, covering the first five chapters, was published posthumously in 1607 alongside a supplement on the sixth chapter supplied by Ralph Cudworth. His works were widely read across Protestant Europe and exerted a formative influence on early Puritanism in England and New England.",{"title":19,"searchDepth":20,"depth":20,"links":1606},[],1558,1602,"\u002Fa\u002Fwilliam-perkins.jpg","william-perkins",{},"\u002Fauthors\u002Fwilliam-perkins",{"description":1604},"authors\u002Fwilliam-perkins","https:\u002F\u002Fen.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FWilliam_Perkins_(theologian)","I1rI4ArD5Jj47NnguTtIRvsfIJKUHb7VY5RYsAJpmZA",{"id":1618,"title":1619,"body":1620,"born":68,"description":1631,"died":1632,"extension":24,"image":1633,"key":1634,"meta":1635,"name":1636,"name_en":1637,"navigation":29,"path":1638,"seo":1639,"stem":1640,"wikipedia":1641,"__hash__":1642},"authors\u002Fauthors\u002Fwilliam-saint-amour.md","William Saint Amour",{"type":8,"value":1621,"toc":1629},[1622],[11,1623,1624,1625,1628],{},"William of Saint-Amour (c. 1200–1272) was a French theologian and doctor of the Faculty of Theology of Paris, where he was a prominent secular master and member of the Sorbonne. He became the leading voice of the secular clergy in their conflict with the Franciscan and Dominican friars over the right to preach, hear confessions, and hold university chairs. His treatise ",[15,1626,1627],{},"De Periculis Novissimorum Temporum"," (On the Dangers of the Last Times, 1256), which identified the mendicant orders with the false prophets foretold in Scripture, was condemned by Pope Alexander IV, who expelled William from France. He was permitted to return after Alexander's death and died in his native Saint-Amour in Franche-Comté. His collected works were published posthumously in 1632 at Constance by editors sympathetic to the Gallican and secular clerical tradition.",{"title":19,"searchDepth":20,"depth":20,"links":1630},[],"William of Saint-Amour (c. 1200–1272) was a French theologian and doctor of the Faculty of Theology of Paris, where he was a prominent secular master and member of the Sorbonne. He became the leading voice of the secular clergy in their conflict with the Franciscan and Dominican friars over the right to preach, hear confessions, and hold university chairs. His treatise De Periculis Novissimorum Temporum (On the Dangers of the Last Times, 1256), which identified the mendicant orders with the false prophets foretold in Scripture, was condemned by Pope Alexander IV, who expelled William from France. He was permitted to return after Alexander's death and died in his native Saint-Amour in Franche-Comté. His collected works were published posthumously in 1632 at Constance by editors sympathetic to the Gallican and secular clerical tradition.",1272,"\u002Fa\u002Fwilliam-saint-amour.jpg","william-saint-amour",{},"Guillelmus de Sancto Amore","William of Saint-Amour","\u002Fauthors\u002Fwilliam-saint-amour",{"description":1631},"authors\u002Fwilliam-saint-amour","https:\u002F\u002Fen.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FWilliam_of_Saint-Amour","TWtM0SUJV8ZLxn0UpKC3RFMBgoPMsG8-kYHCvWeMnxE",{"id":1644,"title":1645,"body":1646,"born":1661,"description":1662,"died":1663,"extension":24,"image":1664,"key":1665,"meta":1666,"name":1645,"name_en":1645,"navigation":29,"path":1667,"seo":1668,"stem":1669,"wikipedia":1670,"__hash__":1671},"authors\u002Fauthors\u002Fwilliam-tyndale.md","William Tyndale",{"type":8,"value":1647,"toc":1659},[1648],[11,1649,1650,1651,1654,1655,1658],{},"William Tyndale (c. 1494–1536) was an English scholar and reformer who became the principal translator of the Bible into English in the Reformation era. Working in exile on the Continent, he produced the first printed English New Testament (1526) directly from the Greek, along with portions of the Old Testament from the Hebrew, shaping the language of all later English Bibles. He also wrote influential polemical and doctrinal works, including ",[15,1652,1653],{},"The Obedience of a Christian Man"," (1528) and ",[15,1656,1657],{},"The Parable of the Wicked Mammon"," (1528). Betrayed and arrested near Brussels, he was tried for heresy and executed by strangling and burning at Vilvoorde in 1536; his dying prayer, \"Lord, open the King of England's eyes,\" was answered within a few years by the licensing of the English Bible.",{"title":19,"searchDepth":20,"depth":20,"links":1660},[],1494,"William Tyndale (c. 1494–1536) was an English scholar and reformer who became the principal translator of the Bible into English in the Reformation era. Working in exile on the Continent, he produced the first printed English New Testament (1526) directly from the Greek, along with portions of the Old Testament from the Hebrew, shaping the language of all later English Bibles. He also wrote influential polemical and doctrinal works, including The Obedience of a Christian Man (1528) and The Parable of the Wicked Mammon (1528). Betrayed and arrested near Brussels, he was tried for heresy and executed by strangling and burning at Vilvoorde in 1536; his dying prayer, \"Lord, open the King of England's eyes,\" was answered within a few years by the licensing of the English Bible.",1536,"\u002Fa\u002Fwilliam-tyndale.jpg","william-tyndale",{},"\u002Fauthors\u002Fwilliam-tyndale",{"description":1662},"authors\u002Fwilliam-tyndale","https:\u002F\u002Fen.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FWilliam_Tyndale","wx_IpWauRMmkBNcER1vlDyRcvLoCF412nkGP8j0VB88",{"id":1673,"title":1674,"authors":1675,"body":1676,"cover":1727,"description":1728,"document":1729,"editors":38,"extension":24,"filesize":1730,"key":23,"language":1731,"meta":1732,"navigation":29,"ocr_model":1733,"pages":1734,"pagination_starts":1735,"path":1744,"seo":1745,"stem":1746,"title_en":1747,"typeface":1739,"url":1748,"year":1749,"__hash__":1750},"documentsMeta\u002Fdocuments\u002Fcsel-41.md","Sancti Aureli Augustini Opera (CSEL XLI)",[6],{"type":8,"value":1677,"toc":1725},[1678],[11,1679,1680,1681,133,1684,133,1687,133,1690,133,1693,133,1696,133,1699,133,1702,1705,1706,133,1709,133,1712,133,1714,133,1717,1720,1721,1724],{},"A critical edition of fourteen works of Saint Augustine of Hippo — ",[15,1682,1683],{},"De fide et symbolo",[15,1685,1686],{},"De fide et operibus",[15,1688,1689],{},"De agone christiano",[15,1691,1692],{},"De continentia",[15,1694,1695],{},"De bono coniugali",[15,1697,1698],{},"De sancta virginitate",[15,1700,1701],{},"De bono viduitatis",[15,1703,1704],{},"De adulterinis coniugiis"," (2 bks.), ",[15,1707,1708],{},"De mendacio",[15,1710,1711],{},"Contra mendacium",[15,1713,5],{},[15,1715,1716],{},"De divinatione daemonum",[15,1718,1719],{},"De cura pro mortuis gerenda",", and ",[15,1722,1723],{},"De patientia"," — edited by Josephus Zycha. Published as Volume 41 (Section V, Part III) of the Corpus Scriptorum Ecclesiasticorum Latinorum series by the Vienna Academy of Sciences.",{"title":19,"searchDepth":20,"depth":20,"links":1726},[],"\u002Fd\u002Fcsel-41\u002Fcover.jpg","A critical edition of fourteen works of Saint Augustine of Hippo — De fide et symbolo, De fide et operibus, De agone christiano, De continentia, De bono coniugali, De sancta virginitate, De bono viduitatis, De adulterinis coniugiis (2 bks.), De mendacio, Contra mendacium, De opere monachorum, De divinatione daemonum, De cura pro mortuis gerenda, and De patientia — edited by Josephus Zycha. Published as Volume 41 (Section V, Part III) of the Corpus Scriptorum Ecclesiasticorum Latinorum series by the Vienna Academy of Sciences.","\u002Fd\u002Fcsel-41.pdf","30.3MB","latin",{},"10.5281\u002Fzenodo.11113737",767,[1736,1741],{"pdf_page":1737,"printed_page":1738,"numeral_type":1739,"pagination":1740},7,1,"roman","page",{"pdf_page":1742,"printed_page":1738,"numeral_type":1743,"pagination":1740},57,"arabic","\u002Fdocuments\u002Fcsel-41",{"title":1674,"description":1728},"documents\u002Fcsel-41","Works of Saint Aurelius Augustine (CSEL Vol. 41)","https:\u002F\u002Farchive.org\u002Fdetails\u002Fcorpusscriptoru18wiengoog",1900,"X4-jvgx0A0Zl_pAmlyzLGdrm3xIP8nyCUEN-adiTOo8",[1752,1784,1800,1816,1840,1864,1880,1904,1920,1944,1960,1984,2000,2024,2040,2064,2080,2101,2124,2140,2164,2186,2202,2218,2242,2258,2290,2306,2330,2346,2362,2378,2402,2424,2448,2472,2488,2512,2528,2563,2593,2617,2641,2657,2681,2705,2737,2761,2783,2807,2831,2847,2863,2893,2909,2933,2957,2973,2989,3013,3040,3064,3080,3096],{"id":1753,"title":5,"body":1754,"description":19,"extension":24,"meta":1779,"navigation":29,"page":31,"path":1780,"pdf_page":34,"reading":25,"seo":1781,"sortable_pagination_id":34,"stem":1782,"__hash__":1783},"readingsTranscription\u002Freadings\u002Ftranscription\u002Faugustine-monks\u002F531.md",{"type":8,"value":1755,"toc":1775},[1756,1760,1765,1768,1772],[1757,1758,5],"h1",{"id":1759},"de-opere-monachorum",[1761,1762,1764],"h2",{"id":1763},"i-1","I. 1.",[11,1766,1767],{},"Iussioni tuae, sancte frater Aureli, tanto deuotius obtemperare me oportuit, quanto magis mihi quis ex te iusserit claruit. dominus enim noster Iesus Christus habitans in interiore tuo tibique sollicitudinem paternae et fraternae caritatis inspirans, utrum filiis et fratribus nostris monachis, qui beato apostolo Paulo oboedire neglegerunt dicenti: qui non uult operari, non manducet, permittenda sit ista licentia, uoluntatem ac linguam tuam adsumens in opus suum imperauit mihi ex te, ut hinc ad te aliquid scriberem. adest itaque ipse etiam mihi, quo ita paream, ut ei me parere ex eius munere ipsa utilitate fructuosi laboris intellegam.",[1761,1769,1771],{"id":1770},"i-2","I. 2.",[11,1773,1774],{},"Primum ergo uidendum quid dicant illius professionis homines qui operari nolunt, deinde, si eos non recte sentire",{"title":19,"searchDepth":20,"depth":20,"links":1776},[1777,1778],{"id":1763,"depth":20,"text":1764},{"id":1770,"depth":20,"text":1771},{},"\u002Freadings\u002Ftranscription\u002Faugustine-monks\u002F531",{"title":5,"description":19},"readings\u002Ftranscription\u002Faugustine-monks\u002F531","VjOpylMh9W619rW7hKWW9u6FKCEmFvu_MUfv2LYaeNg",{"id":1785,"title":1786,"body":1787,"description":1791,"extension":24,"meta":1794,"navigation":29,"page":1786,"path":1795,"pdf_page":1796,"reading":25,"seo":1797,"sortable_pagination_id":1796,"stem":1798,"__hash__":1799},"readingsTranscription\u002Freadings\u002Ftranscription\u002Faugustine-monks\u002F532.md","532",{"type":8,"value":1788,"toc":1792},[1789],[11,1790,1791],{},"inuenerimus, ad eorum correctionem et ad inplendum nostri episcopatus officium contra disserendum. non, inquiunt, de hoc opere corporali, in quo uel agricolae uel opifices laborant, praecepit apostolus, cum diceret: qui non uult operari, non manducet. neque enim euangelio posset esse contrarius, ubi ait ipse dominus: ideo dico uobis, ne solliciti sitis animae uestrae quid manducetis neque corpori uestro quid induamini. nonne anima plus est quam esca et corpus quam uestimentum? conspicite uolatilia caeli, quoniam non serunt neque metunt neque congregant in horrea, et pater uester caelestis pascit illa. nonne uos magis pluris estis illis? quis autem uestrum cogitans potest adicere ad staturam suam cubitum unum? et de uestimento quid solliciti estis? considerate lilia agri, quomodo crescunt: non laborant neque nent. dico autem uobis, quoniam nec Salomon in omni gloria sua coopertus est sicut unum ex istis. si autem fenum agri, quod hodie est et cras in clibanum mittitur, deus sic uestit, quanto magis uos modicae fidei! nolite ergo solliciti esse dicentes: quid manducabimus aut quid bibemus aut quo operiemur? haec enim omnia gentes inquirunt. scit autem pater uester quia his omnibus indigetis. quaerite autem primum regnum dei et iusti-",{"title":19,"searchDepth":20,"depth":20,"links":1793},[],{},"\u002Freadings\u002Ftranscription\u002Faugustine-monks\u002F532",588,{"description":1791},"readings\u002Ftranscription\u002Faugustine-monks\u002F532","TkPdULSCmNoJ6-IwshJ75dLVEUEK2zzo3ulaLPNjB3U",{"id":1801,"title":1802,"body":1803,"description":1807,"extension":24,"meta":1810,"navigation":29,"page":1802,"path":1811,"pdf_page":1812,"reading":25,"seo":1813,"sortable_pagination_id":1812,"stem":1814,"__hash__":1815},"readingsTranscription\u002Freadings\u002Ftranscription\u002Faugustine-monks\u002F533.md","533",{"type":8,"value":1804,"toc":1808},[1805],[11,1806,1807],{},"tiam eius, et omnia haec adponentur uobis. nolite ergo solliciti esse in crastinum; crastinus enim dies sollicitus erit sibi ipse. sufficit diei malitia sua. ecce, inquiunt, ubi nos dominus iubet de uictu et tegumento nostro esse securos. quomodo ergo apostolus sentire aduersus dominum posset, ut nos praeciperet ita esse debere sollicitos quid manducemus et quid bibamus et unde cooperiamur, ut nos etiam opificum artibus, curis, laboribus oneraret? quapropter in eo, quod ait: qui non uult operari, non manducet, opera spiritalia, inquiunt, debemus accipere, de quibus alio loco dicitur: unicuique sicut dominus dedit. ego plantaui, Apollo rigauit, sed deus incrementum dedit, et paulo post: unusquisque suam mercedem accipiet secundum suum laborem. dei enim sumus cooperarii; dei agricultura, dei aedificatio estis. secundum gratiam quae data est mihi ut sapiens architectus fundamentum posui. sicut ergo apostolus operatur plantando, rigando, aedificando et fundamentum ponendo, ita qui non uult operari, non manducet. quid enim prodest manducare spiritaliter, id est pasci uerbo dei, si non inde operatur aliorum aedificationem? sicut illi pigro seruo quid profuit accipere talentum",{"title":19,"searchDepth":20,"depth":20,"links":1809},[],{},"\u002Freadings\u002Ftranscription\u002Faugustine-monks\u002F533",589,{"description":1807},"readings\u002Ftranscription\u002Faugustine-monks\u002F533","VxW1tbhkKMkoNLbMtmc88I1FhilwTjTYKYeWpDEWfso",{"id":1817,"title":1818,"body":1819,"description":1823,"extension":24,"meta":1834,"navigation":29,"page":1818,"path":1835,"pdf_page":1836,"reading":25,"seo":1837,"sortable_pagination_id":1836,"stem":1838,"__hash__":1839},"readingsTranscription\u002Freadings\u002Ftranscription\u002Faugustine-monks\u002F534.md","534",{"type":8,"value":1820,"toc":1831},[1821,1824,1828],[11,1822,1823],{},"et abscondere nec operari lucra dominica? an ut ei auferretur in fine et ipse in exteriores tenebras mitteretur? sic, inquiunt, et nos facimus: legimus cum fratribus, qui ad nos ab aestu saeculi ueniunt fatigati, ut apud nos in uerbo dei et in orationibus, psalmis, hymnis, canticis spiritalibus requiescant. alloquimur eos, consolamur, exhortamur, aedificantes in eis, si quid eorum uitae pro suo gradu esse perspicimus. talia opera si non faceremus, periculose a domino alimenta ipsa spiritalia sumeremus; hoc enim dixit apostolus: qui non uult operari, non manducet. ita se isti arbitrantur et euangelicae et apostolicae obtemperare sententiae, cum et euangelium credunt de non curanda corporali et temporali uitae huius indigentia praecepisse et apostolum de opere et cibo spiritali dixisse: qui non uult operari, non manducet.",[1761,1825,1827],{"id":1826},"ii-3","II. 3.",[11,1829,1830],{},"Nec adtendunt, quia, si alius diceret dominum quidem in parabolis et in similitudinibus loquentem de uictu et tegumento spiritali monuisse, ut non inde sint solliciti serui eius — sicut dicit: cum uos adtraxerint ad iudicia, nolite cogitare quid loquamini; dabitur enim uobis in illa hora quid loquamini; non enim uos estis qui loquimini, sed spiritus patris uestri, qui loquitur in uobis. sermo quippe sapientiae spiritalis est, de quo illos noluit cogitare promittens, quod eis nihil",{"title":19,"searchDepth":20,"depth":20,"links":1832},[1833],{"id":1826,"depth":20,"text":1827},{},"\u002Freadings\u002Ftranscription\u002Faugustine-monks\u002F534",590,{"description":1823},"readings\u002Ftranscription\u002Faugustine-monks\u002F534","BlcAfY3UDmfjiEMzBV_dUl1pNSuFakIb7fQCVNeAntU",{"id":1841,"title":1842,"body":1843,"description":1847,"extension":24,"meta":1858,"navigation":29,"page":1842,"path":1859,"pdf_page":1860,"reading":25,"seo":1861,"sortable_pagination_id":1860,"stem":1862,"__hash__":1863},"readingsTranscription\u002Freadings\u002Ftranscription\u002Faugustine-monks\u002F535.md","535",{"type":8,"value":1844,"toc":1855},[1845,1848,1852],[11,1846,1847],{},"inde sollicitis praestaretur — apostolum autem iam more apostolico apertius disserentem et magis proprie quam figurate loquentem, sicut multa ac paene omnia sese habent in epistulis apostolicis, proprie de opere corporali ciboque dixisse: qui non uult operari, nec manducet, redderetur illis dubia sententia eorum, nisi cetera dominica uerba considerantes inuenirent aliquid, unde probarent eum de uictu et uestitu corporali non curando locutum fuisse, cum diceret: nolite solliciti esse quid manducetis et quid bibatis, et quo uestiamini, uelut si animo aduerterent quod ait: haec enim omnia gentes quaerunt; ibi enim ostendit de ipsis corporalibus et temporalibus se dixisse. ita ergo, si hoc solum de hac re dixisset apostolus: qui non uult operari, nec manducet, possent haec uerba in aliam traduci sententiam; cum uero multis aliis locis epistularum suarum, quid hinc sentiat, apertissime doceat, superfluo conantur et sibi et ceteris caliginem obducere, ut quod utiliter illa caritas monet non solum facere nolint, sed nec intellegere ipsi aut ab aliis intellegi uelint, non timentes quod scriptum est: noluit intellegere, ut bene ageret.",[1761,1849,1851],{"id":1850},"iii-4","III. 4.",[11,1853,1854],{},"Prius ergo demonstrare debemus beatum apostolum Paulum opera corporalia seruos dei operari uoluisse, quae finem haberent in magnam spiritalem mercedem ad hoc, ut ipso uictu et tegumento a nullo indigerent, sed manibus suis",{"title":19,"searchDepth":20,"depth":20,"links":1856},[1857],{"id":1850,"depth":20,"text":1851},{},"\u002Freadings\u002Ftranscription\u002Faugustine-monks\u002F535",591,{"description":1847},"readings\u002Ftranscription\u002Faugustine-monks\u002F535","McJI4VTG_NQ4V9BvNKrLEJ-rQyhtd3DhCFKIcWmGTeY",{"id":1865,"title":1866,"body":1867,"description":1871,"extension":24,"meta":1874,"navigation":29,"page":1866,"path":1875,"pdf_page":1876,"reading":25,"seo":1877,"sortable_pagination_id":1876,"stem":1878,"__hash__":1879},"readingsTranscription\u002Freadings\u002Ftranscription\u002Faugustine-monks\u002F536.md","536",{"type":8,"value":1868,"toc":1872},[1869],[11,1870,1871],{},"haec sibi procurarent; deinde ostendere euangelica illa praecepta, de quibus nonnulli non solum pigritiam, sed etiam adrogantiam suam fouent, apostolico praecepto et exemplo non esse contraria. uideamus itaque, unde ad hoc uenerit apostolus, ut diceret: si quis non uult operari, nec manducet, et quid deinde contexat, ut ex ipsa circumstantia lectionis adpareat declarata sententia. denuntiamus, inquit. uobis, fratres, in nomine domini nostri Iesu Christi, ut subtrahatis uos ab omni fratre inquiete ambulante et non secundum traditionem quam acceperunt a nobis. ipsi enim scitis, quomodo oporteat imitari nos, quia non inquieti fuimus inter uos neque panem gratis ab aliquo manducauimus, sed in labore et fatigatione die ac nocte operantes, ne quem uestrum grauaremus: non quia non habuerimus potestatem, sed ut nosmet ipsos formam daremus uobis, qua nos imitaremini. nam et cum apud uos essemus, hoc uobis praecipiebamus, quoniam, si quis non uult operari, nec manducet. audiuimus enim quosdam inter uos ambulare inquiete nihil operantes, sed curiose agentes. his autem, qui eius modi sunt, praecipimus et obsecramus in domino Iesu Christo, ut cum silentio operantes suum panem manducent. quid ad haec dici potest, quandoquidem ne liceret hoc pro uoluntate, non pro caritate interpretari, exemplo suo docuit",{"title":19,"searchDepth":20,"depth":20,"links":1873},[],{},"\u002Freadings\u002Ftranscription\u002Faugustine-monks\u002F536",592,{"description":1871},"readings\u002Ftranscription\u002Faugustine-monks\u002F536","zaRN1wMB547yVW7jLvjxfjL2mNKsaBu2unAz33RlHCY",{"id":1881,"title":1882,"body":1883,"description":1887,"extension":24,"meta":1898,"navigation":29,"page":1882,"path":1899,"pdf_page":1900,"reading":25,"seo":1901,"sortable_pagination_id":1900,"stem":1902,"__hash__":1903},"readingsTranscription\u002Freadings\u002Ftranscription\u002Faugustine-monks\u002F537.md","537",{"type":8,"value":1884,"toc":1895},[1885,1888,1892],[11,1886,1887],{},"quid praeceperit? illi enim tamquam apostolo praedicatori euangelii, militi Christi, plantatori uineae, pastori gregis constituerat dominus, ut de euangelio uiueret; et tamen ipse stipendium sibi debitum non exegit, ut se formam daret eis qui exigere indebita cupiebant. sicut ad Corinthios dicit: quis militat suis stipendiis umquam? quis plantat uineam et de fructu eius non edet? quis pascit gregem et de lacte gregis non percipit? ergo quod sibi debebatur, accipere noluit, ut exemplo eius coercerentur, qui sibi non ita ordinati in ecclesia talia deberi arbitrabantur. quid est enim, quod ait: neque panem gratis ab aliquo manducauimus, sed in labore et fatigatione die et nocte operantes, ne quem uestrum grauaremus: non quia non habuerimus potestatem, sed ut nos formam daremus uobis, qua nos imitaremini? audiant ergo quibus hoc praecepit, id est qui non habent hanc potestatem, quam ille habebat, ut tantummodo spiritaliter operantes manducent panem a corporali labore gratuitum, et quemadmodum dicit: praecipimus et obsecramus in Christo, ut cum silentio operantes suum panem manducent, non contra manifestissima uerba disputent apostoli, quia et hoc pertinet ad silentium, cum quo debent operantes manducare panem suum.",[1761,1889,1891],{"id":1890},"iiii-5","IIII. 5.",[11,1893,1894],{},"Enucleatius autem et diligentius adhuc ista uerba considerarem atque tractarem, nisi haberem alia loca epistula-",{"title":19,"searchDepth":20,"depth":20,"links":1896},[1897],{"id":1890,"depth":20,"text":1891},{},"\u002Freadings\u002Ftranscription\u002Faugustine-monks\u002F537",593,{"description":1887},"readings\u002Ftranscription\u002Faugustine-monks\u002F537","NcyfTdYAX9cZ3zGii2wiZ_VSat12Agsg0RTjingF4vI",{"id":1905,"title":1906,"body":1907,"description":1911,"extension":24,"meta":1914,"navigation":29,"page":1906,"path":1915,"pdf_page":1916,"reading":25,"seo":1917,"sortable_pagination_id":1916,"stem":1918,"__hash__":1919},"readingsTranscription\u002Freadings\u002Ftranscription\u002Faugustine-monks\u002F538.md","538",{"type":8,"value":1908,"toc":1912},[1909],[11,1910,1911],{},"rum eius multo manifestiora, quibus conlatis et ista liquidius manifestantur et, si ista non essent, illa sufficerent. ad Corinthios enim scribens de hac eadem re ita dicit: non sum liber? non sum apostolus? nonne Christum Iesum dominum nostrum uidi? nonne opus meum uos estis in domino? si aliis non sum apostolus, uerumtamen uobis sum. signaculum enim apostolatus mei uos estis in domino. mea defensio ad eos, qui me interrogant, haec est. numquid non habemus potestatem manducandi et bibendi? numquid non habemus licentiam sororem mulierem circumducendi sicut et ceteri apostoli et fratres domini et Cephas? uide, quemadmodum primo ostendat, quid sibi liceat et ideo liceat, quoniam apostolus est. inde enim coepit: non sum liber? non sum apostolus? et probat se apostolum dicens: nonne Christum Iesum dominum nostrum uidi? nonne opus meum uos estis in domino? quo probato ostendit sibi licere quod ceteris apostolis, id est, ut non operetur manibus suis, sed ex euangelio uiuat, sicut dominus constituit, quod in consequentibus apertissime demonstrauit; ad hoc enim et fideles mulieres habentes terrenam substantiam ibant cum eis et ministrabant eis de substantia sua, ut nullius indigerent horum, quae ad substantiam uitae",{"title":19,"searchDepth":20,"depth":20,"links":1913},[],{},"\u002Freadings\u002Ftranscription\u002Faugustine-monks\u002F538",594,{"description":1911},"readings\u002Ftranscription\u002Faugustine-monks\u002F538","6C05WpiXhHfzdBheSSGHVmM0oEdqaw_xyp7kfa7Kkls",{"id":1921,"title":1922,"body":1923,"description":1927,"extension":24,"meta":1938,"navigation":29,"page":1922,"path":1939,"pdf_page":1940,"reading":25,"seo":1941,"sortable_pagination_id":1940,"stem":1942,"__hash__":1943},"readingsTranscription\u002Freadings\u002Ftranscription\u002Faugustine-monks\u002F539.md","539",{"type":8,"value":1924,"toc":1935},[1925,1928,1932],[11,1926,1927],{},"huius pertinent. quod beatus Paulus licere quidem sibi demonstrat, sicut et ceteri apostoli faciebant, sed ea potestate se uti noluisse postea commemorat. hoc quidam non intellegentes non 'sororem mulierem', cum ille diceret: numquid non habemus potestatem sororem mulierem circumducendi? sed 'uxorem' interpretati sunt. fefellit eos uerbi graeci ambiguitas, quod et uxor et mulier eodem uerbo graece dicitur. quamquam hoc ita posuerit apostolus, ut falli non debuerint, quia neque mulierem tantummodo ait, sed 'sororem mulierem' neque 'ducendi', sed 'circumducendi'. uerumtamen alios interpretes non fefellit haec ambiguitas et 'mulierem', non 'uxorem' interpretati sunt.",[1761,1929,1931],{"id":1930},"v-6","V. 6.",[11,1933,1934],{},"Quod quisquis putat non potuisse ab apostolis fieri, ut cum eis sanctae conuersationis mulieres circumirent, quacumque euangelium praedicabant, ut eis de sua substantia necessaria ministrarent, euangelium audiant et cognoscant, quemadmodum hoc ipsius domini exemplo faciebant. dominus enim noster more misericordiae suae infirmioribus conpatiens, cum ei possent angeli ministrare, et loculos habebat, quo mitteretur pecunia, quae conferebatur utique a bonis fidelibus eorum uictui necessaria: quos loculos Iudae commendauit, ut etiam si euitare non possemus, tolerare in ecclesia fures, disceremus. ille enim ea quae mittebantur, sicut de illo scriptum est, auferebat. et mulieres uoluit ut se ad praeparanda et ministranda necessaria sequerentur, ostendens, quid",{"title":19,"searchDepth":20,"depth":20,"links":1936},[1937],{"id":1930,"depth":20,"text":1931},{},"\u002Freadings\u002Ftranscription\u002Faugustine-monks\u002F539",595,{"description":1927},"readings\u002Ftranscription\u002Faugustine-monks\u002F539","pH40LYMWV32VRK-45ZOyvJ_XfVyCmfIj7S-KU9t_65A",{"id":1945,"title":1946,"body":1947,"description":1951,"extension":24,"meta":1954,"navigation":29,"page":1946,"path":1955,"pdf_page":1956,"reading":25,"seo":1957,"sortable_pagination_id":1956,"stem":1958,"__hash__":1959},"readingsTranscription\u002Freadings\u002Ftranscription\u002Faugustine-monks\u002F540.md","540",{"type":8,"value":1948,"toc":1952},[1949],[11,1950,1951],{},"euangelistis et ministris dei tamquam militibus a plebibus dei tamquam prouincialibus deberetur; ut, si quis eo quod sibi deberetur, uti nollet, sicut Paulus apostolus noluit, amplius inpenderet ecclesiae non exigendo stipendium debitum, sed cotidianum uictum de suis laboribus transigendo. audierat enim stabularius, ad quem uulneratus ille perductus est: si quid amplius erogaueris, in redeundo reddam tibi. amplius ergo erogabat apostolus Paulus, qui suis, ut ipse testatur, stipendiis militabat. in euangelio enim scriptum est: deinceps et ipse iter faciebat per ciuitatem et castellum praedicans et euangelizans regnum dei et duodecim cum illo, et mulieres aliquae quae erant curatae ab spiritibus malignis et infirmitatibus, Maria quae uocatur Magdalene, de qua daemonia septem exierant, Iohanna uxor Chuzae procuratoris Herodis et Susanna et aliae multae, quae ministrabant eis de facultatibus suis. hoc exemplum domini imitabantur apostoli ad accipiendum debitum sibi cibum; de quo idem dominus apertissime loquitur. euntes, inquit, praedicate dicentes, quia adpropin-",{"title":19,"searchDepth":20,"depth":20,"links":1953},[],{},"\u002Freadings\u002Ftranscription\u002Faugustine-monks\u002F540",596,{"description":1951},"readings\u002Ftranscription\u002Faugustine-monks\u002F540","vBLSlp-_rS5xNYtHnTrqhHyNxWgmmt3rOSsFz2BzTTM",{"id":1961,"title":1962,"body":1963,"description":1967,"extension":24,"meta":1978,"navigation":29,"page":1962,"path":1979,"pdf_page":1980,"reading":25,"seo":1981,"sortable_pagination_id":1980,"stem":1982,"__hash__":1983},"readingsTranscription\u002Freadings\u002Ftranscription\u002Faugustine-monks\u002F541.md","541",{"type":8,"value":1964,"toc":1975},[1965,1968,1972],[11,1966,1967],{},"uteretur, quod sibi liceret ex domini constitutione; si quis autem nollet, non contra iussum faceret, sed de suo iure decederet misericordius et laboriosius conuersatus in euangelio, in quo et debitam mercedem nollet accipere. alioquin contra iussum domini fecit apostolus, qui posteaquam ostendit sibi licere, statim subiecit: sed tamen ego non sum usus hac potestate.",[1761,1969,1971],{"id":1970},"vii-8","VII. 8.",[11,1973,1974],{},"Sed ad ordinem redeamus ac totum ipsum epistulae locum diligenter consideremus. numquid non habemus, inquit, licentiam manducandi et bibendi? numquid non habemus licentiam sororem mulierem circumducendi? quam licentiam dixit, nisi quam dedit dominus eis, quos ad praedicandum regnum caelorum misit dicens: ea quae ab ipsis sunt manducate; dignus est enim operarius mercede sua, et se ipsum proponens ad eiusdem exemplum, fidelissimae mulieres talia necessaria de suis facultatibus ministrabant? amplius autem fecit apostolus Paulus, ut de coapostolis suis documentum adhiberet huius licentiae a domino permissae. neque enim reprehendens subiecit: sicut et ceteri apostoli et fratres domini et Cephas, sed ut hinc ostenderet hoc se accipere noluisse, quod ei licere accipere ceterorum etiam commilitonum eius more probaretur. an ego solus et Barnabas non habemus potestatem non operandi? ecce abstulit omnem",{"title":19,"searchDepth":20,"depth":20,"links":1976},[1977],{"id":1970,"depth":20,"text":1971},{},"\u002Freadings\u002Ftranscription\u002Faugustine-monks\u002F541",597,{"description":1967},"readings\u002Ftranscription\u002Faugustine-monks\u002F541","IHCtrVzpqsuNTujpA4HsGPLMy_KXkQqhY2m6sikd54o",{"id":1985,"title":1986,"body":1987,"description":1991,"extension":24,"meta":1994,"navigation":29,"page":1986,"path":1995,"pdf_page":1996,"reading":25,"seo":1997,"sortable_pagination_id":1996,"stem":1998,"__hash__":1999},"readingsTranscription\u002Freadings\u002Ftranscription\u002Faugustine-monks\u002F542.md","542",{"type":8,"value":1988,"toc":1992},[1989],[11,1990,1991],{},"dubitationem etiam tardissimis cordibus, ut intellegant, de qua operatione dicat. ut quid enim ait: an ego solus et Barnabas non habemus potestatem non operandi? nisi quia omnes euangelistae et ministri uerbi dei habebant potestatem a domino acceptam, ut non operarentur manibus suis, sed ex euangelio uiuerent, operantes tantummodo spiritalia in praedicatione regni caelorum et aedificatione pacis ecclesiae. neque enim quisquam potest dicere de ipsa spiritali operatione dixisse apostolum: an ego solus et Barnabas non habemus potestatem non operandi? hanc enim potestatem non operandi omnes illi habebant. dicat ergo qui conatur praecepta apostolica in sententiam suam deprauare atque peruertere, dicat, si audet, omnes euangelistas accepisse a domino potestatem non euangelizandi. at si hoc absurdissimum et insanissimum est dicere, cur nolunt intellegere, quod omnibus patet, accepisse illos quidem potestatem non operandi, sed opera corporalia, quibus uictum quaererent, quia dignus est operarius cibo suo et mercede sua, sicut euangelium loquitur? non ergo soli Paulus et Barnabas non habebant potestatem non operandi, sed omnes pariter habebant hanc potestatem, qua isti non utebantur, amplius inpendendo ecclesiae, sicut in illis locis, ubi euangelizabant, infirmis congruere iudicabant. et ideo, ne coapostolos suos reprehendisse uideretur, subiungit et dicit: quis militat suis stipendiis",{"title":19,"searchDepth":20,"depth":20,"links":1993},[],{},"\u002Freadings\u002Ftranscription\u002Faugustine-monks\u002F542",598,{"description":1991},"readings\u002Ftranscription\u002Faugustine-monks\u002F542","kQtkXoGuoS6xlKq10pC7JoxLPuiBjQiXMDQ13wPUFPA",{"id":2001,"title":2002,"body":2003,"description":2007,"extension":24,"meta":2018,"navigation":29,"page":2002,"path":2019,"pdf_page":2020,"reading":25,"seo":2021,"sortable_pagination_id":2020,"stem":2022,"__hash__":2023},"readingsTranscription\u002Freadings\u002Ftranscription\u002Faugustine-monks\u002F543.md","543",{"type":8,"value":2004,"toc":2015},[2005,2008,2012],[11,2006,2007],{},"umquam? quis plantat uineam et de fructu eius non edet? quis pascit gregem et de lacte gregis non percipit? numquid secundum hominem haec loquor, an et lex haec non dicit? in lege enim Moysi scriptum est: boui trituranti os non infrenabis. numquid de bubus pertinet ad deum? an propter nos omnino dicit? propter nos enim scriptum est, quia debet in spe qui arat arare et triturans in spe participandi. his uerbis satis indicat apostolus Paulus non sibi aliquid usurpasse ultra debitum coapostolos suos, quia non operabantur corporaliter, unde haberent huic uitae necessaria, sed, sicut dominus constituit, ex euangelio uiuentes panem gratuitum manducarent ab eis, quibus gratuitam gratiam praedicabant. stipendium enim suum tamquam milites accipiebant et de uineae per eos plantatae fructu, quod opus erat, libere decerpebant; et de gregis, quem pascebant, lacte potabant; et ex area quam triturabant, cibum sumebant.",[1761,2009,2011],{"id":2010},"viii-9","VIII. 9.",[11,2013,2014],{},"Apertius autem cetera conectit et omnino aufert omnes dubitationis ambages. si nos uobis, inquit, spiritalia seminauimus, magnum est si uestra carnalia metamus? quae sunt spiritalia, quae seminauit, nisi uerbum et ministerium sacramenti regni caelorum? quae autem carnalia, quae sibi licere metere dicit, nisi haec temporalia, quae uitae atque indigentiae carnis indulta sunt? haec autem sibi debita se ab eis non quaesisse nec accepisse manifestat, ne quod in-",{"title":19,"searchDepth":20,"depth":20,"links":2016},[2017],{"id":2010,"depth":20,"text":2011},{},"\u002Freadings\u002Ftranscription\u002Faugustine-monks\u002F543",599,{"description":2007},"readings\u002Ftranscription\u002Faugustine-monks\u002F543","B0zC5zFYHOJpGQ6Q7-mfeouZhWXd-8FahWgoYnh6cco",{"id":2025,"title":2026,"body":2027,"description":2031,"extension":24,"meta":2034,"navigation":29,"page":2026,"path":2035,"pdf_page":2036,"reading":25,"seo":2037,"sortable_pagination_id":2036,"stem":2038,"__hash__":2039},"readingsTranscription\u002Freadings\u002Ftranscription\u002Faugustine-monks\u002F544.md","544",{"type":8,"value":2028,"toc":2032},[2029],[11,2030,2031],{},"pedimentum daret euangelio Christi. quid restat, ut intellegamus eum operatum esse, unde uictum haberet, nisi corporale opus et uisibilibus manibus suis? nam si de spiritali opere uictum et tegumentum quaereret, id est, ut ab eis haec acciperet, quos in euangelio aedificabat, non consequenter diceret: si alii potestatis uestrae participant, non magis nos? sed omnia toleramus, ne quod inpedimentum demus euangelio Christi. qua potestate se dicit non usum, nisi quam habebat in eos a domino acceptam, ut eorum carnalia meteret ad uictum uitae huius, quae in carne agitur? cuius etiam potestatis participes erant alii, qui non eis primo euangelium adnuntiauerunt, sed ad eorum ecclesiam id ipsum postea praedicantes uenerunt. et ideo cum dixisset: si nos uobis spiritalia seminauimus, magnum est si carnalia uestra metamus? subiecit: si alii potestatis uestrae participant, non magis nos? et cum demonstrasset, quid eis potestatis esset, sed non sumus usi, inquit, hac potestate, sed omnia toleramus, ne quod inpedimentum demus euangelio Christi. dicant ergo isti, quomodo de opere spiritali carnalem uictum habebat apostolus, cum aperte ipse dicat non se usum esse hac potestate. at si de opere",{"title":19,"searchDepth":20,"depth":20,"links":2033},[],{},"\u002Freadings\u002Ftranscription\u002Faugustine-monks\u002F544",600,{"description":2031},"readings\u002Ftranscription\u002Faugustine-monks\u002F544","QtDbzkm63UdpnRDKslPUKRYZ_FErX7MelUqnNvLgrXg",{"id":2041,"title":2042,"body":2043,"description":2047,"extension":24,"meta":2058,"navigation":29,"page":2042,"path":2059,"pdf_page":2060,"reading":25,"seo":2061,"sortable_pagination_id":2060,"stem":2062,"__hash__":2063},"readingsTranscription\u002Freadings\u002Ftranscription\u002Faugustine-monks\u002F545.md","545",{"type":8,"value":2044,"toc":2055},[2045,2048,2052],[11,2046,2047],{},"spiritali carnalem uictum non habebat, restat, ut de opere corporali habuerit et inde dicat: neque panem gratis ab aliquo manducauimus, sed in labore et fatigatione nocte et die operantes, ne quem uestrum grauaremus: non quia non habuerimus potestatem, sed ut nos formam daremus uobis, qua nos imitaremini. omnia, inquit, toleramus, ne quod inpedimentum demus euangelio Christi.",[1761,2049,2051],{"id":2050},"viiii-10","VIIII. 10.",[11,2053,2054],{},"Et redit rursus modisque omnibus etiam atque etiam commendat, quid sibi liceat et tamen non faciat. nescitis, inquit, quoniam qui in templo operantur, quae de templo sunt edunt? qui altario deseruiunt, altario conpartiuntur? sic et dominus ordinauit his qui euangelium adnuntiant de euangelio uiuere; ego autem nullius horum usus sum. quid hoc apertius? quid clarius? uereor, ne forte, cum dissero uolens id exponere, obscurum fiat quod per se lucet et clamat. qui enim haec uerba non intellegunt aut se non intellegere fingunt, mea multo minus intellegunt uel se intellegere confitentur: nisi forte propterea cito intellegant nostra, quia conceditur eis deridere, de apostoli autem uerbis non idem conceditur. propterea ubi aliter ea secundum suam sententiam interpretari non possunt, etiam clara et",{"title":19,"searchDepth":20,"depth":20,"links":2056},[2057],{"id":2050,"depth":20,"text":2051},{},"\u002Freadings\u002Ftranscription\u002Faugustine-monks\u002F545",601,{"description":2047},"readings\u002Ftranscription\u002Faugustine-monks\u002F545","r9EkBO_mmaeVaIsrRM0ySbbgRhgem4KBnE0IZquGDU4",{"id":2065,"title":2066,"body":2067,"description":2071,"extension":24,"meta":2074,"navigation":29,"page":2066,"path":2075,"pdf_page":2076,"reading":25,"seo":2077,"sortable_pagination_id":2076,"stem":2078,"__hash__":2079},"readingsTranscription\u002Freadings\u002Ftranscription\u002Faugustine-monks\u002F546.md","546",{"type":8,"value":2068,"toc":2072},[2069],[11,2070,2071],{},"manifesta obscura et incerta esse respondent, quia praua et peruersa non audent. clamat homo dei: dominus ordinauit his qui euangelium adnuntiant de euangelio uiuere; ego autem nullius horum usus sum, et conatur caro et sanguis recta deprauare, aperta claudere, serena nubilare. spiritale, inquit, opus faciebat et inde uiuebat. si ita est, de euangelio uiuebat. cur ergo dicit: dominus ordinauit his qui euangelium adnuntiant de euangelio uiuere; ego autem nullius horum usus sum? aut si et hoc ipsum quod hic dictum est 'uiuere' secundum spiritalem uitam uolunt interpretari, nullam spem habebat apostolus ad deum, qui de euangelio non uiuebat, quia dixit: nullius horum usus sum. quapropter ut spes illi certa esset uitae aeternae, de euangelio utique spiritaliter uiuebat apostolus. quod ergo ait: ego autem nullius horum usus sum, de uita ista, quae in carne agitur, sine dubitatione facit intellegi, quod dixit dominum ordinasse his qui euangelium adnuntiant de euangelio uiuere, id est uitam istam, cui opus est uictu et tegumento, de euangelio transigere, sicut superius de suis coapostolis dixit, unde ipse dominus ait: dignus est operarius cibo suo, et: dignus est operarius mercede sua. hunc itaque cibum et hanc mercedem sustentandae huius uitae debitum euangelistis ab eis quibus euangelizabat non accepit apostolus dicens: ego autem nullius horum usus sum.",{"title":19,"searchDepth":20,"depth":20,"links":2073},[],{},"\u002Freadings\u002Ftranscription\u002Faugustine-monks\u002F546",602,{"description":2071},"readings\u002Ftranscription\u002Faugustine-monks\u002F546","YbQLBey_PVBGKoeQEvE3lN-OpEHvAaR2MVIG0ZKLW0I",{"id":2081,"title":2082,"body":2083,"description":19,"extension":24,"meta":2095,"navigation":29,"page":2082,"path":2096,"pdf_page":2097,"reading":25,"seo":2098,"sortable_pagination_id":2097,"stem":2099,"__hash__":2100},"readingsTranscription\u002Freadings\u002Ftranscription\u002Faugustine-monks\u002F547.md","547",{"type":8,"value":2084,"toc":2092},[2085,2089],[1761,2086,2088],{"id":2087},"x-11","X. 11.",[11,2090,2091],{},"Et sequitur et adiungit, ne forte quisquam arbitretur ideo non eum accepisse, quia illi non dederant: non autem scripsi haec, ut ita fiant in me; bonum est mihi magis mori quam gloriam meam quisquam inanem faciat. quam gloriam? nisi quam habere uoluit apud deum, in Christo conpatiens infirmis, sicut mox apertissime dicturus est. si enim euangelizauero, inquit, non est mihi gloria; necessitas enim mihi incumbit, id est sustentandae huius uitae. uae enim mihi erit, inquit, si non euangelizauero, id est malo meo non euangelizabo, quia fame cruciabor et unde uiuam non habebo. nam sequitur et dicit: si enim uolens hoc facio, mercedem habeo. uolentem se dicit facere, sine ulla uitae huius fulciendae necessitate conpulsus facit, et ob hoc habere mercedem, utique apud deum gloriae sempiternae. si autem inuitus, inquit, dispensatio mihi credita est, id est si necessitate transigendae huius uitae inuitus cogor euangelizare, dispensatio mihi credita est, ut scilicet ex dispensatione mea, quia Christum, quia ueritatem praedico, quamuis ex occasione, quamuis mea quaerens, quamuis terreni emolumenti necessitate conpulsus, alii proficiant, ego autem mercedem apud deum gloriosam illam sempiternamque non",{"title":19,"searchDepth":20,"depth":20,"links":2093},[2094],{"id":2087,"depth":20,"text":2088},{},"\u002Freadings\u002Ftranscription\u002Faugustine-monks\u002F547",603,{"description":19},"readings\u002Ftranscription\u002Faugustine-monks\u002F547","IFuI6sTw-9nWZzyJzgn5ObBtCY0lGaJhDBv4RD7S1pM",{"id":2102,"title":2103,"body":2104,"description":2108,"extension":24,"meta":2119,"navigation":29,"page":2103,"path":2120,"pdf_page":680,"reading":25,"seo":2121,"sortable_pagination_id":680,"stem":2122,"__hash__":2123},"readingsTranscription\u002Freadings\u002Ftranscription\u002Faugustine-monks\u002F548.md","548",{"type":8,"value":2105,"toc":2116},[2106,2109,2113],[11,2107,2108],{},"habeam. quae ergo mihi, inquit, merces erit? interrogans dixit; propterea suspendenda est pronuntiatio, donec respondeat. quod ut facilius intellegatur, tamquam nos eum interrogemus: quae ergo tibi merces erit, apostole, quando mercedem istam terrenam etiam euangelistis bonis debitam non propter hoc euangelizantibus, sed tamen consequentem et oblatam ex domini ordinatione sumentibus tu non accipis? quae ergo tibi merces erit? uide, quid respondeat. ut euangelizans, inquit, sine sumptu ponam euangelium, id est ut non sit credentibus sumptuosum euangelium, ne putent ad hoc sibi euangelizari, ut id euangelistae quasi uendere uideantur. et tamen redit etiam atque etiam, ut ostendat, quid sibi iure dominico liceat et ipse non faciat. ut non abutar, inquit, potestate mea in euangelio.",[1761,2110,2112],{"id":2111},"xi-12","XI. 12.",[11,2114,2115],{},"Iam uero quia infirmitati hominum conpatiens id faciebat, audiamus sequentia. cum enim liber sim, inquit, ex omnibus omnium me seruum feci, ut plures lucrifacerem: his qui sub lege sunt quasi sub lege, cum non sim ipse sub lege, ut eos qui sub lege erant lucrifacerem; his qui sine lege sunt quasi sine lege, cum sine lege dei non sim, sed sim in lege Christi, ut lucrifacerem eos qui sine lege sunt. quod non simu-",{"title":19,"searchDepth":20,"depth":20,"links":2117},[2118],{"id":2111,"depth":20,"text":2112},{},"\u002Freadings\u002Ftranscription\u002Faugustine-monks\u002F548",{"description":2108},"readings\u002Ftranscription\u002Faugustine-monks\u002F548","gDHqt7gBwgqZ9j9SK94AFeYMZQnk0zRjWqwOyQP-i38",{"id":2125,"title":2126,"body":2127,"description":2131,"extension":24,"meta":2134,"navigation":29,"page":2126,"path":2135,"pdf_page":2136,"reading":25,"seo":2137,"sortable_pagination_id":2136,"stem":2138,"__hash__":2139},"readingsTranscription\u002Freadings\u002Ftranscription\u002Faugustine-monks\u002F549.md","549",{"type":8,"value":2128,"toc":2132},[2129],[11,2130,2131],{},"landi uersutia faciebat, sed conpatiendi misericordia, id est non quasi ut se fingeret iudaeum, sicut nonnulli putauerunt, quia legitima uetera Hierosolymis obseruauit. fecit enim hoc secundum liberam et manifestam sententiam suam, in qua dicit: circumcisus quis uocatus est? non adducat, id est non sic uiuat, quasi praeputium adduxerit et id quod nudauerat texerit, sicut alio loco dicit: circumcisio tua praeputium facta est. secundum hanc ergo sententiam suam, qua dicit: in praeputio quis uocatus est? non circumcidatur, fecit illa, quae non intellegentibus et parum adtendentibus finxisse putatus est; iudaeus enim erat et circumcisus uocatus; noluit adducere, id est noluit ita uiuere, ac si circumcisus non esset. hoc enim iam in potestate habebat. et sub lege quidem non erat sicut illi, qui eam seruiliter operabantur, sed tamen in lege dei et Christi. non enim alia erat lex illa et alia lex dei, sicut perditi Manichaei solent dicere. alioquin si, cum illa fecit, finxisse putandus est, finxit et paganum et sacrificauit idolis, quia dicit factum se fuisse his qui sine lege sunt quasi sine lege, quos utique nonnisi gentiles, quos paganos dicimus, uult intellegi. aliud ergo esse sub lege, aliud in lege, aliud sine lege. sub lege carnales iudaei; in lege spiritales et iudaei et christiani, unde illi",{"title":19,"searchDepth":20,"depth":20,"links":2133},[],{},"\u002Freadings\u002Ftranscription\u002Faugustine-monks\u002F549",605,{"description":2131},"readings\u002Ftranscription\u002Faugustine-monks\u002F549","DTrOCCYL2HvJJE6T4Q-M4ktvNbSGJNrefQvzWAdFOkY",{"id":2141,"title":2142,"body":2143,"description":2147,"extension":24,"meta":2158,"navigation":29,"page":2142,"path":2159,"pdf_page":2160,"reading":25,"seo":2161,"sortable_pagination_id":2160,"stem":2162,"__hash__":2163},"readingsTranscription\u002Freadings\u002Ftranscription\u002Faugustine-monks\u002F550.md","550",{"type":8,"value":2144,"toc":2155},[2145,2148,2152],[11,2146,2147],{},"seruauerunt morem illum patrium, sed onera insolita credentibus gentibus non inposuerunt; et ideo et illi circumcisi sunt; sine lege autem gentes, quae nondum crediderunt, quibus tamen se apostolus congruisse testatur per misericordem conpassionem, non per uersipellem simulationem, id est ut eo modo subueniret carnali iudaeo uel pagano, quo modo si hoc esset, subueniri uoluisset: portans utique eorum infirmitatem in conpassionis similitudine, non fallens in mendacii fictione, sicut continuo sequitur et dicit: factus sum infirmis infirmus, ut infirmos lucrifacerem. hinc enim loquebatur, ut etiam illa omnia diceret. sicut ergo quod factus est infirmis infirmus, non erat mendacium, sic et cetera illa superius. quam enim dicit infirmitatem suam erga infirmos fuisse nisi conpatiendi eis in tantum, ut, ne uideretur uenditor euangelii et uerbi dei cursum apud inperitos in malam suspicionem decidens inpediret, nollet accipere, quod iure dominico debebatur? quod si uellet, non utique mentiretur, quia uere debebatur; et quia noluit, non utique mentitus est. neque enim dixit non sibi deberi, sed deberi ostendit et debito se usum non esse nec omnino uti uelle professus est, eo ipso factus infirmus, quo potestate sua uti noluit, tam misericordi scilicet indutus affectu, ut cogitaret quemadmodum secum agi uellet, si et ipse ita infirmaretur, ut posset de illis, per quos sibi euangelium praedicaretur, si eos uideret sumptus accipere, quasi mercimoniorum nundinas suspicari.",[1761,2149,2151],{"id":2150},"xii-13","XII. 13.",[11,2153,2154],{},"De hac sua infirmitate dicit alio loco: facti",{"title":19,"searchDepth":20,"depth":20,"links":2156},[2157],{"id":2150,"depth":20,"text":2151},{},"\u002Freadings\u002Ftranscription\u002Faugustine-monks\u002F550",606,{"description":2147},"readings\u002Ftranscription\u002Faugustine-monks\u002F550","vWhabLrLFAD-1H_gew4mrPqwrBiZri04L1CTvxPJhG8",{"id":2165,"title":2166,"body":2167,"description":2171,"extension":24,"meta":2180,"navigation":29,"page":2166,"path":2181,"pdf_page":2182,"reading":25,"seo":2183,"sortable_pagination_id":2182,"stem":2184,"__hash__":2185},"readingsTranscription\u002Freadings\u002Ftranscription\u002Faugustine-monks\u002F551.md","551",{"type":8,"value":2168,"toc":2177},[2169,2172,2174],[11,2170,2171],{},"seruauerunt morem illum patrium, sed onera insolita credentibus gentibus non inposuerunt; et ideo et illi circumcisi sunt; sine lege autem gentes, quae nondum crediderunt, quibus tamen se apostolus congruisse testatur per misericordem conpassionem, non per uersipellem simulationem, id est ut eo modo subueniret carnali iudaeo uel pagano, quo modo sibi ipse, si hoc esset, subueniri uoluisset: portans utique eorum infirmitatem in conpassionis similitudine, non fallens in mendacii fictione, sicut continuo sequitur et dicit: factus sum infirmis infirmus, ut infirmos lucrifacerem. hinc enim loquebatur, ut etiam illa omnia diceret. sicut ergo quod factus est infirmis infirmus, non erat mendacium, sic et cetera illa superius. quam enim dicit infirmitatem suam erga infirmos fuisse nisi conpatiendi eis in tantum, ut, ne uideretur uenditor euangelii et uerbi dei cursum apud imperitos in malam suspicionem decidens inpediret, nollet accipere, quod iure dominico debebatur? quod si uellet, non utique mentiretur, quia uere debebatur; et quia noluit, non utique mentitus est. neque enim dixit non sibi deberi, sed deberi ostendit et debito se usum non esse nec omnino uti uelle professus est, eo ipso factus infirmus, quo potestate sua uti noluit, tam misericordi scilicet indutus affectu, ut cogitaret quemadmodum secum agi uellet, si et ipse ita infirmaretur, ut posset de illis, per quos sibi euangelium praedicaretur, si eos uideret sumptus accipere, quasi mercimoniorum nundinas suspicari.",[1761,2173,2151],{"id":2150},[11,2175,2176],{},"De hac infirmitate sua dicit alio loco: facti",{"title":19,"searchDepth":20,"depth":20,"links":2178},[2179],{"id":2150,"depth":20,"text":2151},{},"\u002Freadings\u002Ftranscription\u002Faugustine-monks\u002F551",607,{"description":2171},"readings\u002Ftranscription\u002Faugustine-monks\u002F551","Orf35yXeCoJ08tc3RQhh58RF_hOPClNJoZNVwRucRuQ",{"id":2187,"title":2188,"body":2189,"description":2193,"extension":24,"meta":2196,"navigation":29,"page":2188,"path":2197,"pdf_page":2198,"reading":25,"seo":2199,"sortable_pagination_id":2198,"stem":2200,"__hash__":2201},"readingsTranscription\u002Freadings\u002Ftranscription\u002Faugustine-monks\u002F552.md","552",{"type":8,"value":2190,"toc":2194},[2191],[11,2192,2193],{},"sumus paruuli in medio uestrum, tamquam si nutrix foueat filios suos. nam eius circumstantia lectionis hoc indicat. neque enim, inquit, aliquando in sermone adulationis fuimus, sicut scitis, neque in occasione cupiditatis, deus testis est, neque quaerentes ab hominibus gloriam, neque a uobis neque ab aliis, cum possemus oneri uobis esse ut Christi apostoli; sed facti sumus paruuli in medio uestrum, tamquam si nutrix foueat filios suos. quod ergo ad Corinthios dicit, habere se potestatem apostolatus sui, sicut et ceteri apostoli, qua potestate usum se non esse testatur, hoc etiam isto loco ad Thessalonicenses ait: cum possemus oneri uobis esse ut Christi apostoli, secundum quod dominus dicit: dignus est operarius mercede sua. nam hinc eum dicere illud indicat. quod supra posuit: neque in occasione cupiditatis, deus testis est. per hoc enim quod iure dominico debebatur bonis euangelistis, non propter hoc euangelizantibus, sed quaerentibus regnum dei, ut haec omnia adponerentur eis, inueniebant alii occasionem, de quibus idem dicit: neque enim isti deo seruiunt, sed suo uentri. quibus hanc occasionem amputare uolebat apostolus, ut etiam quod sibi iuste debebatur omitteret. aperte quippe hoc ipse ostendit in secunda ad Corinthios. ab aliis ecclesiis suppletas dicens necessitates suas. uenerat enim, sicut adparet, ad tantam indigentiam, ut de longinquis ecclesiis ei necessaria mitterentur, dum tamen ab eis, apud",{"title":19,"searchDepth":20,"depth":20,"links":2195},[],{},"\u002Freadings\u002Ftranscription\u002Faugustine-monks\u002F552",608,{"description":2193},"readings\u002Ftranscription\u002Faugustine-monks\u002F552","JzWw75yY3lpBgJqBaRrJX6eIpXdAexfQyt7EhGpzdHA",{"id":2203,"title":2204,"body":2205,"description":2209,"extension":24,"meta":2212,"navigation":29,"page":2204,"path":2213,"pdf_page":2214,"reading":25,"seo":2215,"sortable_pagination_id":2214,"stem":2216,"__hash__":2217},"readingsTranscription\u002Freadings\u002Ftranscription\u002Faugustine-monks\u002F553.md","553",{"type":8,"value":2206,"toc":2210},[2207],[11,2208,2209],{},"quos erat, nihil tale acciperet. numquid peccatum, inquit, feci me ipsum humiliando, ut uos exaltaremini, quoniam gratis euangelium dei euangelizaui uobis? alias ecclesias spoliaui accipiens stipendium ad uestram ministrationem: et cum apud uos fuissem et egerem, nemini grauis fui. nam id quod deerat mihi adinpleuerunt fratres qui uenerunt a Macedonia, et in omnibus ingrauate me in uobis custodiui et custodiam. est ueritas Christi in me, quia gloria haec non infringetur in me in regionibus Achaiae. quare? quia uos non diligo? deus scit. quod autem facio et facturus sum, ut amputem occasionem eorum qui uolunt occasionem, ut in quo gloriantur, inueniantur sicut et nos. de hac igitur occasione, quam hic dicit uelle se amputare, uoluit intellegi quod ibi ait: neque in occasione cupiditatis, deus testis est. et quod hic dixit: me ipsum humiliando, ut uos exaltaremini, hoc in prima ad eosdem Corinthios: factus sum infirmis infirmus, hoc ad Thessalonicenses: factus sum paruulus in medio uestrum, tamquam si nutrix foueat filios suos. proinde adtende sequentia. ita, inquit, desiderantes uos placet inpertire uobis non solum euangelium dei, uerum etiam animas",{"title":19,"searchDepth":20,"depth":20,"links":2211},[],{},"\u002Freadings\u002Ftranscription\u002Faugustine-monks\u002F553",609,{"description":2209},"readings\u002Ftranscription\u002Faugustine-monks\u002F553","SZZ8Jlv40jE9B8UJ1JCWwUIytFc9V7haJzeKU-W2kgY",{"id":2219,"title":2220,"body":2221,"description":2225,"extension":24,"meta":2236,"navigation":29,"page":2220,"path":2237,"pdf_page":2238,"reading":25,"seo":2239,"sortable_pagination_id":2238,"stem":2240,"__hash__":2241},"readingsTranscription\u002Freadings\u002Ftranscription\u002Faugustine-monks\u002F554.md","554",{"type":8,"value":2222,"toc":2233},[2223,2226,2230],[11,2224,2225],{},"nostras; quoniam carissimi nobis facti estis. recordamini enim, fratres, laborem nostrum et aerumnam, nocte et die operantes, ne quem uestrum grauaremus: hoc ergo superius ait: cum possemus oneri uobis esse ut Christi apostoli. infirmorum enim periculis, ne falsis suspicionibus agitati odissent quasi uenale euangelium, tam quam paternis maternisque uisceribus tremefactus hoc, fecit. sic etiam in Actibus apostolorum idem loquitur, cum a Mileto mittens Ephesum uocasset inde presbyteros ecclesiae, quibus inter multa, argentum, inquit, uel aurum uel uestem nullius concupiui. ipsi scitis, quoniam necessitatibus meis et eorum qui mecum fuerunt, hae manus seruierunt. omnia ostendi uobis, quoniam sic laborantes oportet iuuare infirmos, memores etiam uerborum domini Iesu, quia ipse dixit: beatum est magis dare quam accipere.",[1761,2227,2229],{"id":2228},"xiii-14","XIII. 14.",[11,2231,2232],{},"Hic fortasse aliquis dicat: si corporale opus operabatur apostolus, unde uitam istam sustentaret, quod erat ipsum opus et quando ei uacabat et operari et euangelium praedicare? cui respondeo: puta me nescire; corporaliter tamen operatum esse et inde in carne uixisse, non utentem potestate, quam dominus apostolis dederat, ut euangelium adnuntians de euangelio uiueret, ea quae supra dicta sunt sine ulla dubitatione testantur. neque enim aut uno loco aut breuiter dictum",{"title":19,"searchDepth":20,"depth":20,"links":2234},[2235],{"id":2228,"depth":20,"text":2229},{},"\u002Freadings\u002Ftranscription\u002Faugustine-monks\u002F554",610,{"description":2225},"readings\u002Ftranscription\u002Faugustine-monks\u002F554","Ub4Jv9ynyEetAoNLEgJNDHi9rDLtsZg5dK1hvZDm6GM",{"id":2243,"title":2244,"body":2245,"description":2249,"extension":24,"meta":2252,"navigation":29,"page":2244,"path":2253,"pdf_page":2254,"reading":25,"seo":2255,"sortable_pagination_id":2254,"stem":2256,"__hash__":2257},"readingsTranscription\u002Freadings\u002Ftranscription\u002Faugustine-monks\u002F555.md","555",{"type":8,"value":2246,"toc":2250},[2247],[11,2248,2249],{},"est, ut possit cuiusuis astutissimi tergiuersatione in aliam traduci peruertique sententiam. cum igitur tantae auctoritatis tam magnis et crebris molibus contradicentium conteratur aduersitas, quid a me quaerunt, uel quale opus faciebat uel quando faciebat? unum scio, quia nec furta faciebat nec effractor aut latro erat nec auriga aut uenator aut histrio nec turpilucrus; sed innocenter et honeste quae apta sunt humanis usibus operabatur, sicut sese habent opera fabrorum, structorum, sutorum, rusticorum et his similia. neque enim honestas ipsa reprehendit, quod reprehendit superbia eorum, qui honesti uocari amant, sed esse non amant. non igitur dedignaretur apostolus siue rusticanum aliquod opus adgredi siue in opificum labore uersari. qui enim ait: sine offensione estote Iudaeis et Graecis et ecclesiae dei, quos in hac causa reuereri posset ignoro. si Iudaeos dixerint, patriarchae pecora pauerunt; si Graecos, quos etiam paganos dicimus, etiam philosophos multum sibi honorabiles sutores habuerunt; si ecclesiam dei, homo ille iustus et ad testimonium coniugalis semper mansurae uirginitatis electus, cui desponsata erat uirgo Maria, quae peperit Christum, faber fuit. quidquid horum ergo cum innocentia et sine fraude homines operantur, bonum est. nam praecauet hoc et ipse apostolus, ne quisquam ex necessitate sustentandae uitae in mala opera delabatur. qui furabatur, inquit, iam non furetur: magis autem laboret manibus suis bonum, ut habeat unde tribuere cui opus est. hoc ergo scire sufficit, quia",{"title":19,"searchDepth":20,"depth":20,"links":2251},[],{},"\u002Freadings\u002Ftranscription\u002Faugustine-monks\u002F555",611,{"description":2249},"readings\u002Ftranscription\u002Faugustine-monks\u002F555","Z8F7zf9Zz83vIPXqAAzjKihAs8RDQaAZgHmmPB1zDP8",{"id":2259,"title":2260,"body":2261,"description":2265,"extension":24,"meta":2284,"navigation":29,"page":2260,"path":2285,"pdf_page":2286,"reading":25,"seo":2287,"sortable_pagination_id":2286,"stem":2288,"__hash__":2289},"readingsTranscription\u002Freadings\u002Ftranscription\u002Faugustine-monks\u002F556.md","556",{"type":8,"value":2262,"toc":2280},[2263,2266,2270,2273,2277],[11,2264,2265],{},"et in ipso opere corporali id quod bonum est operabatur apostolus.",[1761,2267,2269],{"id":2268},"xiiii-15","XIIII. 15.",[11,2271,2272],{},"Quando autem soleret operari, id est quibus temporum spatiis, ne ab euangelizando inpediretur, quis possit conprehendere? sane quia et diurnis et nocturnis horis operabatur, ipse non tacuit. uerumtamen isti, qui tamquam multum negotiosi et occupati de tempore operationis inquirunt, quid agunt? numquid ipsi ab Hierusalem per circuitum usque ad Illyricum terras euangelio repleuerunt? aut quidquid gentium barbararum remansit adhuc obeundum et inplendum de pace ecclesiae susceperunt? nouimus eos in quandam sanctam societatem otiosissime congregatos. mirandam rem fecit apostolus, qui reuera in tanta sollicitudine omnium ecclesiarum, et propagatarum et propagandarum, ad eius curam laboremque pertinentium etiam manibus operabatur; propterea tamen, cum apud Corinthios esset et egeret, nemini quidem eorum, apud quos erat, grauis fuit, sed plane quod illi deerat. suppleuerunt fratres, qui uenerunt ex Macedonia.",[1761,2274,2276],{"id":2275},"xv-16","XV. 16.",[11,2278,2279],{},"Nam et ipse propter eius modi necessitates sanctorum, qui quamuis praeceptis eius obtemperent, ut cum silentio operantes suum panem manducent, possunt tamen multis ex causis indigere supplemento aliquo talium sustentationum, cum dixisset talia docens et praemonens: his autem qui eius modi sunt praecipimus et obsecramus in",{"title":19,"searchDepth":20,"depth":20,"links":2281},[2282,2283],{"id":2268,"depth":20,"text":2269},{"id":2275,"depth":20,"text":2276},{},"\u002Freadings\u002Ftranscription\u002Faugustine-monks\u002F556",612,{"description":2265},"readings\u002Ftranscription\u002Faugustine-monks\u002F556","oIpI830keG-WgHWUoJKkGCMQzEEGOkYkvTyQwaSdo3I",{"id":2291,"title":2292,"body":2293,"description":2297,"extension":24,"meta":2300,"navigation":29,"page":2292,"path":2301,"pdf_page":2302,"reading":25,"seo":2303,"sortable_pagination_id":2302,"stem":2304,"__hash__":2305},"readingsTranscription\u002Freadings\u002Ftranscription\u002Faugustine-monks\u002F557.md","557",{"type":8,"value":2294,"toc":2298},[2295],[11,2296,2297],{},"domino Iesu Christo, ut cum silentio operantes suum panem manducent, ne illi qui habebant unde necessaria seruis dei praeberent, hac occasione pigrescerent, praeuiuens continuo subiecit: uos autem, fratres, nolite infirmari benefacientes. et ad Titum cum scriberet dicens: Zenam legis peritum et Apollo sollicite praemitte, ut nihil illis desit, ut ostenderet, unde illis nihil deesse deberet, continuo subiunxit: discant autem et nostri bonis operibus praeesse ad necessarios usus, ne sint infructuosi. Timotheum etiam, quem dicit germanissimum filium, quoniam sciebat corpore infirmum, sicut ostendit monens eum, ne aquam biberet, sed modico uino uteretur propter stomachum et frequentes suas infirmitates, quia in opere corporali laborare non poterat, ne forte, cum indigere nollet uictu cotidiano, ab eis, quibus euangelium ministrabat, aliqua sibi negotia quaereret, quibus animi eius inplicaretur intentio — aliud est enim corpore laborare animo libero, sicut opifex, si non sit fraudulentus et auarus et priuatae rei auidus; aliud autem ipsum animum occupare curis colligendae sine corporis labore pecuniae, sicut sunt uel negotiatores uel procuratores uel conductores; cura enim praesunt, non manibus operantur ideoque ipsum animum suum occupant habendi sollicitudine —: Timotheum ergo, ne in talia incideret, quia per infirmitatem corporis",{"title":19,"searchDepth":20,"depth":20,"links":2299},[],{},"\u002Freadings\u002Ftranscription\u002Faugustine-monks\u002F557",613,{"description":2297},"readings\u002Ftranscription\u002Faugustine-monks\u002F557","1JAoBI_7l1f7s3Nrh7oYs0gww3ehDNSp9Uj9bYWmsgE",{"id":2307,"title":2308,"body":2309,"description":2313,"extension":24,"meta":2324,"navigation":29,"page":2308,"path":2325,"pdf_page":2326,"reading":25,"seo":2327,"sortable_pagination_id":2326,"stem":2328,"__hash__":2329},"readingsTranscription\u002Freadings\u002Ftranscription\u002Faugustine-monks\u002F558.md","558",{"type":8,"value":2310,"toc":2321},[2311,2314,2318],[11,2312,2313],{},"manibus operari non poterat, sic exhortatur et monet et consolatur. labora, inquit, sicut bonus miles Christi Iesu. nemo militans deo inplicat se negotiis saecularibus, ut placeat cui se probauit. nam qui in agone contendit, non coronatur nisi legitime certauerit. hic ne ille angustias pateretur dicens: fodere non possum, mendicare confundor, adiunxit: laborantem agricolam primum oportet de fructibus percipere. secundum id, quod ad Corinthios dixerat: quis militat suis stipendiis umquam? quis plantat uineam et de fructu eius non edit? quis pascit gregem et de lacte gregis non percipit? fecit ita securum castum euangelistam non ad hoc euangelizantem, ut uenderet euangelium, sed tamen huic uitae necessaria suis sibi exhibere manibus non ualentem, ut intellegeret, quod necessarium sibi sumebat ab eis, quibus tamquam prouincialibus militabat et quos tamquam uineam cultura exercebat uel tamquam gregem pascebat, non esse mendicitatem, sed potestatem.",[1761,2315,2317],{"id":2316},"xvi-17","XVI. 17.",[11,2319,2320],{},"Propter has igitur uel occupationes seruorum dei uel infirmitates corporales, quae omnino deesse non possunt, non solum permittit apostolus sanctorum indigentias suppleri a bonis fidelibus, sed etiam saluberrime hortatur. excepta enim illa potestate, qua se dicit ipse non usum, cui tamen seruiendum esse a fidelibus praecipit dicens: communicet qui catechizatur uerbum ei qui se cate-",{"title":19,"searchDepth":20,"depth":20,"links":2322},[2323],{"id":2316,"depth":20,"text":2317},{},"\u002Freadings\u002Ftranscription\u002Faugustine-monks\u002F558",614,{"description":2313},"readings\u002Ftranscription\u002Faugustine-monks\u002F558","5HakYxZ_ocrxywE8vocs3XnPyx87pgW1NWe7cMMNXyo",{"id":2331,"title":2332,"body":2333,"description":2337,"extension":24,"meta":2340,"navigation":29,"page":2332,"path":2341,"pdf_page":2342,"reading":25,"seo":2343,"sortable_pagination_id":2342,"stem":2344,"__hash__":2345},"readingsTranscription\u002Freadings\u002Ftranscription\u002Faugustine-monks\u002F559.md","559",{"type":8,"value":2334,"toc":2338},[2335],[11,2336,2337],{},"chizat in omnibus bonis, excepta ergo hac potestate, quam uerbi praedicatores habere in eos, quibus praedicant, saepe testatur, etiam sanctis qui omnia sua uendita distribuerant et Hierosolymis habitabant in sancta communione uitae, non dicentes aliquid proprium, quibus erant omnia communia, et anima et cor unum in deum, ab ecclesiis gentium necessaria conferri praecipit et hortatur. inde est illud ad Romanos. nunc, inquit, pergam Hierusalem ministrare sanctis. placuit enim Macedoniae et Achaiae communionem aliquam facere in pauperes sanctorum, qui sunt Hierusalem. placuit enim illis, et debitores eorum sunt. si enim spiritalibus eorum communicauerunt gentes, debent et in carnalibus ministrare eis. hoc simile est illi, quod ait ad Corinthios: si nos uobis spiritalia seminauimus, magnum est, si uestra carnalia metamus? item ad Corinthios in secunda, notam autem, inquit, uobis facimus, fratres, gratiam dei quae data est in ecclesiis Macedoniae, quia in multa tribulatione probationis abundantia gaudii eorum et profunda paupertas eorum abundauit in diuitiis simplicitatis eorum; quia secundum uires, testimonium perhibeo, et supra uires uoluntarii fuerunt, cum multis precibus",{"title":19,"searchDepth":20,"depth":20,"links":2339},[],{},"\u002Freadings\u002Ftranscription\u002Faugustine-monks\u002F559",615,{"description":2337},"readings\u002Ftranscription\u002Faugustine-monks\u002F559","EHkXuGyZCRS2KCimhhabQqp5kp4f0PvIc__pwCAsMCA",{"id":2347,"title":2348,"body":2349,"description":2353,"extension":24,"meta":2356,"navigation":29,"page":2348,"path":2357,"pdf_page":2358,"reading":25,"seo":2359,"sortable_pagination_id":2358,"stem":2360,"__hash__":2361},"readingsTranscription\u002Freadings\u002Ftranscription\u002Faugustine-monks\u002F560.md","560",{"type":8,"value":2350,"toc":2354},[2351],[11,2352,2353],{},"obsecrantes nos gratiam et communionem ministrationis quae fit in sanctos, et non quomodo sperauimus, sed se ipsos tradiderunt primum domino et nobis per uoluntatem dei ad deprecandum Titum, ut quomodo coepit, sic et consummet in uos etiam gratiam istam. sed quomodo semper abundatis in omnibus fide et uerbo et scientia et omni studio et ea quae ex nobis est in uos caritate, ut et in hac gratia abundetis. non secundum imperium dico, sed propter aliorum studium et uestrae caritatis carissimum probans. scitis enim gratiam domini nostri Iesu Christi, quoniam propter uos pauper factus est, cum diues esset, ut illius paupertate uos ditaremini. et consilium in hoc do; hoc enim uobis prodest, qui non solum facere, sed et uelle coepistis ab anno priore; nunc autem et facto perficite, ut, quemadmodum promptus est animus uoluntatis, ita sit et perficiendi ex eo quod quisque habet. si enim promptus est animus, secundum id quod habet acceptabilis est, non secundum id quod non habet. non enim ut aliis sit refectio, uobis angustia, sed pro aequalitate in hoc tempore ut uestra abundantia sit ad illorum inopiam, ut et illorum abundantia fiat in uestram inopiam, ut fiat aequalitas.",{"title":19,"searchDepth":20,"depth":20,"links":2355},[],{},"\u002Freadings\u002Ftranscription\u002Faugustine-monks\u002F560",616,{"description":2353},"readings\u002Ftranscription\u002Faugustine-monks\u002F560","8zWuq9kpr4kJvQPdtZ77ev7PEHqS72HXfKRz90Yksu8",{"id":2363,"title":2364,"body":2365,"description":2369,"extension":24,"meta":2372,"navigation":29,"page":2364,"path":2373,"pdf_page":2374,"reading":25,"seo":2375,"sortable_pagination_id":2374,"stem":2376,"__hash__":2377},"readingsTranscription\u002Freadings\u002Ftranscription\u002Faugustine-monks\u002F561.md","561",{"type":8,"value":2366,"toc":2370},[2367],[11,2368,2369],{},"sicut scriptum est: qui multum, non abundauit, et qui modicum, non defuit illi. gratias autem deo, qui dedit idem studium pro uobis in corde Titi, quia consolationem quidem suscepit; studiosior autem cum esset, sponte exiit ad uos. misimus autem cum eo fratrem, cuius laus in euangelio est per omnes ecclesias, non solum unum, sed et ordinatus ab ecclesiis comes peregrinationis nostrae cum hac gratia quae ministratur a nobis ad domini gloriam et promptum animum nostrum, deuiantes hoc, ne quis nos reprehendat in hac plenitudine, quae ministratur a nobis. prouidimus enim bona non solum coram deo, sed etiam coram hominibus. in his uerbis adparet, quantum non solum curam sanctarum plebium esse uoluerit ministrare necessaria sanctis dei seruis, consilium in hoc dans, quia hoc magis ipsis qui hoc faciebant proderat quam illis erga quos faciebant — illis enim aliud proderat, id est hoc erga se obsequio fratrum suorum sancte uti nec propter hoc deo seruire nec ista sumere nisi ad supplendam necessitatem, non ad pascendam pigritiam — sed etiam suam curam beatus apostolus tantum dicit in hac ministratione, quae nunc per Titum transmittebatur, ut comitem peregrinationis suae propter hoc commemoret ordinatum ab ecclesiis, boni testimonii hominem dei. cuius laus, inquit, in euangelio est per omnes ecclesias. et ad hoc dicit illum ordinatum comitem sibi, ut deuitaret hominum reprehensiones, ne sine testimonio sanctorum in hoc ministerio sociorum tamquam sibi accipere",{"title":19,"searchDepth":20,"depth":20,"links":2371},[],{},"\u002Freadings\u002Ftranscription\u002Faugustine-monks\u002F561",617,{"description":2369},"readings\u002Ftranscription\u002Faugustine-monks\u002F561","SJaPefmztp6sJnfIAeKr7XqIukJ0gWxXOTiVYzR6yzM",{"id":2379,"title":2380,"body":2381,"description":2385,"extension":24,"meta":2396,"navigation":29,"page":2380,"path":2397,"pdf_page":2398,"reading":25,"seo":2399,"sortable_pagination_id":2398,"stem":2400,"__hash__":2401},"readingsTranscription\u002Freadings\u002Ftranscription\u002Faugustine-monks\u002F562.md","562",{"type":8,"value":2382,"toc":2394},[2383,2386],[11,2384,2385],{},"et in suos sinus conuertere ab infirmis et inpiis putaretur, quae accipiebat ad supplendas necessitates sanctorum per se adferenda uel distribuenda indigentibus.",[2387,2388,2390],"ol",{"start":2389},18,[2391,2392,2393],"li",{},"Et paulo post dicit: nam de ministerio quod fit in sanctos ex abundanti est mihi scribere uobis. scio enim promptum esse animum uestrum, de quo glorior pro uobis apud Macedonas, quoniam Achaia parata est ab anno priore, et quae ex uobis est aemulatio inritauit plures. misimus autem fratres, ne gloria nostra quam habemus in uobis euacuetur in hac parte, ut, sicut dixi, parati sitis, ne cum uenerint mecum Macedones et inuenerint uos inparatos, confundamur nos, ut non dicam uos, in hac substantia. necessarium ergo existimaui rogare fratres, ut praecedant ad uos et praeparent iam pridem repromissam hanc benedictionem uestram, ut sit parata, sic quasi benedictionem, non quasi auaritiam. hoc autem: qui parce seminat, parce et metet, et qui seminat in benedictione, in benedictione et metet. unusquisque secundum quod proposuit corde, non ex tristitia aut ex necessitate: hilarem enim datorem diligit deus. potens est autem deus omnem gratiam abundantem facere in uobis, ut in omnibus semper omnem sufficientiam habentes abundetis in omne opus bonum — sicut scriptum est: dispersit, dedit pauperibus, iustitia eius manet in",{"title":19,"searchDepth":20,"depth":20,"links":2395},[],{},"\u002Freadings\u002Ftranscription\u002Faugustine-monks\u002F562",618,{"description":2385},"readings\u002Ftranscription\u002Faugustine-monks\u002F562","LqZIZXjyCCU9ktrToYvHm_PK-ShhTVlWU7pfkdXVniA",{"id":2403,"title":2404,"body":2405,"description":2409,"extension":24,"meta":2418,"navigation":29,"page":2404,"path":2419,"pdf_page":2420,"reading":25,"seo":2421,"sortable_pagination_id":2420,"stem":2422,"__hash__":2423},"readingsTranscription\u002Freadings\u002Ftranscription\u002Faugustine-monks\u002F563.md","563",{"type":8,"value":2406,"toc":2416},[2407,2410],[11,2408,2409],{},"aeternum. qui autem subministrat semen seminanti, et panem in escam subministrabit et multiplicabit seminationem uestram et augebit crescentes fruges iustitiae uestrae — ut in omnibus ditati in omnem simplicitatem, quae operatur per nos gratiarum actionem deo, quoniam ministerium functionis non solum supplet ea quae desunt sanctis, sed et abundare facit per multorum gratiarum actionem deo, per probationem ministrationis huius glorificantes deum in obsequio confessionis uestrae in euangelium Christi et simplicitatem communicationis in illos et in omnes et ipsorum precatione pro uobis, desiderantium propter excellentem gratiam dei in uobis. gratias deo super inenarrabili dono eius. quanta pinguedine sanctae laetitiae sit perfusus apostolus, dum loquitur de alterno supplemento indigentiae prouincialium Christi, hinc de rebus carnalibus in illos, inde autem de spiritalibus in istos, ut exclamaret et tamquam sanctorum gaudiorum sagina eructaret dicens: gratias deo super inenarrabili dono eius!",[2387,2411,2413],{"start":2412},19,[2391,2414,2415],{},"Sicut ergo non cessauit apostolus, immo spiritus dei possidens et inplens et agens cor eius, exhortari fideles, qui haberent huius modi substantiam, ut nihil deesset necessitatibus",{"title":19,"searchDepth":20,"depth":20,"links":2417},[],{},"\u002Freadings\u002Ftranscription\u002Faugustine-monks\u002F563",619,{"description":2409},"readings\u002Ftranscription\u002Faugustine-monks\u002F563","uPG5SatfOL6X8zVdHta8dQQ8TyXvBmgAt5qoPRnDV7U",{"id":2425,"title":2426,"body":2427,"description":2431,"extension":24,"meta":2442,"navigation":29,"page":2426,"path":2443,"pdf_page":2444,"reading":25,"seo":2445,"sortable_pagination_id":2444,"stem":2446,"__hash__":2447},"readingsTranscription\u002Freadings\u002Ftranscription\u002Faugustine-monks\u002F564.md","564",{"type":8,"value":2428,"toc":2439},[2429,2432,2436],[11,2430,2431],{},"seruorum dei, qui celsiorem sanctitatis gradum in ecclesia tenere uoluerunt, ut spei saecularis uincula cuncta praeciderent et animum liberum diuinae militiae dedicarent: sic debent et ipsi praeceptis eius oboedire, ut compatiantur infirmis, et amore priuatae rei non inligati manibus suis in commune laborare, praepositis suis sine murmure obtemperare, ut hoc suppleatur ex oblationibus bonorum fidelium, quod laborantibus et aliquid unde uictum transigant operantibus, propter infirmitates tamen corporales aliquorum et propter ecclesiasticas occupationes uel eruditionem doctrinae salutaris deesse putauerint.",[1761,2433,2435],{"id":2434},"xvii-20","XVII. 20.",[11,2437,2438],{},"Quid enim agant, qui operari corporaliter nolunt, cui rei uacent scire desidero. orationibus, inquiunt, et psalmis et lectioni et uerbo dei. sancta plane uita et Christi suauitate laudabilis; sed si ab his auocandi non sumus, nec manducandum est nec ipsae escae cotidie praeparandae, ut possint adponi et adsumi. si autem ad ista uacare seruos dei certis interuallis temporum ipsius infirmitatis necessitas cogit, cur non et praeceptis apostolicis obseruandis aliquas partes temporum deputamus? citius enim exauditur una oboedientis oratio quam decem milia contemptoris. cantica uero diuina facile possunt et ipsum laborem manibus operantes cantare tamquam diuino celeumate consolari. an ignoramus omnes opifices in quibus uanitatibus et plerumque etiam turpitudinibus theatricarum fabularum donent corda et linguas suas, cum manus ab opere non recedant? quid ergo inpedit",{"title":19,"searchDepth":20,"depth":20,"links":2440},[2441],{"id":2434,"depth":20,"text":2435},{},"\u002Freadings\u002Ftranscription\u002Faugustine-monks\u002F564",620,{"description":2431},"readings\u002Ftranscription\u002Faugustine-monks\u002F564","nLqzt0Jq7NeOBSdN8MDP6RrmD0Z-0wrIogkK-Nl9rKk",{"id":2449,"title":2450,"body":2451,"description":2455,"extension":24,"meta":2466,"navigation":29,"page":2450,"path":2467,"pdf_page":2468,"reading":25,"seo":2469,"sortable_pagination_id":2468,"stem":2470,"__hash__":2471},"readingsTranscription\u002Freadings\u002Ftranscription\u002Faugustine-monks\u002F565.md","565",{"type":8,"value":2452,"toc":2463},[2453,2456,2460],[11,2454,2455],{},"seruum dei manibus operantem in lege domini meditari et psallere nomini domini altissimi? ita sane ut ad ea discenda, quae memoriter recolat, habeat seposita tempora. ad hoc enim et illa bona opera fidelium subsidio supplendorum necessariorum deesse non debent, ut horae, quibus ad erudiendum animum ita uacatur, ut illa opera corporalia geri non possint, non opprimant egestate. qui autem se dicunt uacare lectioni, nonne illic inueniunt quod praecepit apostolus? quae ista est ergo peruersitas lectioni nolle obtemperare, dum uult ei uacare et, ut quod bonum est diutius legatur, ideo facere nolle quod legitur? quis enim nesciat tanto citius quemque proficere cum bona legit, quanto citius facit quod legit?",[1761,2457,2459],{"id":2458},"xviii-21","XVIII. 21.",[11,2461,2462],{},"Si autem alicui sermo erogandus est et ita occupat, ut manibus operari non uacet, numquid hoc omnes in monasterio possunt uenientibus ad se ex alio genere uitae fratribus uel diuinas lectiones exponere uel de aliquibus quaestionibus salubriter disputare? quando ergo non omnes possunt, cur sub hoc obtentu omnes uacare uolunt? quamquam etsi omnes possent, uicissitudine facere deberent non solum ne ceteri a necessariis operibus occuparentur, sed etiam quia sufficit, ut audientibus pluribus unus loquatur. deinde ipsi apostolo quomodo uacaret operari manibus suis, nisi ad erogandum uerbum dei certa tempora constitueret? neque",{"title":19,"searchDepth":20,"depth":20,"links":2464},[2465],{"id":2458,"depth":20,"text":2459},{},"\u002Freadings\u002Ftranscription\u002Faugustine-monks\u002F565",621,{"description":2455},"readings\u002Ftranscription\u002Faugustine-monks\u002F565","MWXeOSX5WfRqeikv6UHYpsNh-ES2MRZLHddtx_9kHJs",{"id":2473,"title":2474,"body":2475,"description":2479,"extension":24,"meta":2482,"navigation":29,"page":2474,"path":2483,"pdf_page":2484,"reading":25,"seo":2485,"sortable_pagination_id":2484,"stem":2486,"__hash__":2487},"readingsTranscription\u002Freadings\u002Ftranscription\u002Faugustine-monks\u002F566.md","566",{"type":8,"value":2476,"toc":2480},[2477],[11,2478,2479],{},"enim et hoc deus latere nos uoluit. nam et cuius artis opifex fuerit et quibus temporibus uacaret dispensando euangelio, sancta scriptura non tacuit. nam cum eum dies profectionis urgeret in Troade constitutum, etiam in una sabbati congregatis fratribus ad frangendum panem tanta fuit intentio et tam necessaria disputatio, ut sermo produceretur usque ad medium noctis, tamquam excidisset eis quod eo die non esset ieiunium; quando autem in aliquo loco inmoraturus cotidie disputabat, quis dubitauerit horas eum habuisse ad hoc officium deputatas? namque apud Athenas cum esset, quia studiosissimos rerum inquisitores inuenerat, ita de illo scriptum est: disputabat igitur iudaeis in synagoga et gentibus in uiculis in foro per omnem diem ad omnes qui aderant. non enim in synagoga per omnem diem, ubi mos erat sabbato sermocinari, sed in foro, inquit, per omnem diem; propter studia utique Atheniensium. sic enim sequitur: quidam uero epicureorum et stoicorum philosophorum conferebant cum illo. et paulo post dicit: Athenienses autem et aduenae hospites ad nihil aliud uacabant quam dicere aliquid noui aut audire. putemus apostolum illis omnibus diebus, quibus fuit Athenis, non fuisse operatum; propter hoc enim et ex Macedonia supplebatur eius indigentia, sicut dicit in secunda ad Corin-",{"title":19,"searchDepth":20,"depth":20,"links":2481},[],{},"\u002Freadings\u002Ftranscription\u002Faugustine-monks\u002F566",622,{"description":2479},"readings\u002Ftranscription\u002Faugustine-monks\u002F566","wxr3o_xPk_jI61TMLJN_c0AlEZQRPi8Na1GcLlquVRM",{"id":2489,"title":2490,"body":2491,"description":2495,"extension":24,"meta":2506,"navigation":29,"page":2490,"path":2507,"pdf_page":2508,"reading":25,"seo":2509,"sortable_pagination_id":2508,"stem":2510,"__hash__":2511},"readingsTranscription\u002Freadings\u002Ftranscription\u002Faugustine-monks\u002F567.md","567",{"type":8,"value":2492,"toc":2503},[2493,2496,2500],[11,2494,2495],{},"thios. quamquam et aliis horis et noctibus poterat, quia ita ualebat et animo et corpore. sed cum Athenis exisset, uideamus quid dicit scriptura. disputabat, inquit, in synagoga per omne sabbatum: hoc apud Corinthum. in Troade ergo, ubi necessitate inminentis profectionis usque ad medium noctis sermo protractus est, una sabbati erat, qui dies dominicus dicitur: unde intellegimus eum non fuisse cum iudaeis, sed cum christianis, quando etiam dicit ipse narrator ad frangendum panem se fuisse conlectos. et ipsa est optima gubernatio, ut omnia suis temporibus distributa ex ordine gerantur, ne animum humanum turbulentis inplicationibus inuoluta perturbent.",[1761,2497,2499],{"id":2498},"xviiii-22","XVIIII. 22.",[11,2501,2502],{},"Ibi etiam dicitur quid operabatur apostolus. post haec, inquit, egressus ab Athenis uenit Corinthum. et cum inuenisset quendam iudaeum nomine Aquilam, Ponticum genere, recens aduenientem ab Italia, et Priscillam uxorem ipsius, propterea quod iussisset Claudius discedere omnes iudaeos ab Roma, accessit ad illos et propter artis similitudinem mansit apud illos opus faciens; erant enim tabernaculorum artifices. hoc si conati fuerint allegorice interpretari, ostendunt, quomodo proficiant in ecclesiasticis litteris, quibus se uacare gloriantur. et certe illa, quae supra dicta sunt: numquid solus ego et Barnabas non habemus potestatem non",{"title":19,"searchDepth":20,"depth":20,"links":2504},[2505],{"id":2498,"depth":20,"text":2499},{},"\u002Freadings\u002Ftranscription\u002Faugustine-monks\u002F567",623,{"description":2495},"readings\u002Ftranscription\u002Faugustine-monks\u002F567","QhkXfE_4J91xHlBsFg0tjgCnEY-ymzJfaAdk-Ohc-uQ",{"id":2513,"title":2514,"body":2515,"description":2519,"extension":24,"meta":2522,"navigation":29,"page":2514,"path":2523,"pdf_page":2524,"reading":25,"seo":2525,"sortable_pagination_id":2524,"stem":2526,"__hash__":2527},"readingsTranscription\u002Freadings\u002Ftranscription\u002Faugustine-monks\u002F568.md","568",{"type":8,"value":2516,"toc":2520},[2517],[11,2518,2519],{},"operandi? et: non sumus usi hac potestate, et: cum possemus oneri uobis esse ut Christi apostoli, et: nocte et die operantes, ne quem uestrum grauaremus. et: dominus ordinauit eos qui euangelium adnuntiant de euangelio uiuere; ego autem nullius horum usus sum et cetera huius modi aut exponant aliter aut, si praeclarissima luce ueritatis urgentur, intellegant et oboediant: aut, si oboedire uel nolunt uel non possunt, saltem illos, qui uolunt, meliores, qui autem et possunt, feliciores esse fateantur. aliud est enim corporis infirmitatem uel ueram allegare uel falsam praetendere, aliud autem sic decipi et sic decipere, ut insuper ideo uideatur in seruis dei maior esse iustitia, quia potuit inter inperitos regnare pigritia. qui enim ueram corporis ostendit infirmitatem, humane tractandus est; qui autem falsam praetendit et conuinci non potest, deo dimittendus est. neuter tamen eorum perniciosam regulam figit, quia bonus seruus dei et manifesto infirmo fratri suo seruit et fallenti cum credit, quia malum eum non putat, non imitatur ut malus sit, et non si ei credit, fallacem putat. ac nihilominus non imitatur. ab illo uero, qui dicit: haec est uera iustitia, ut nihil corporaliter operando imitemur uolatilia caeli, quoniam qui aliquid tale fuerit operatus contra euangelium facit, quisquis animo infirmus haec audit et credit. non quia sic uacat, sed quia sic errat, lugendus est.",{"title":19,"searchDepth":20,"depth":20,"links":2521},[],{},"\u002Freadings\u002Ftranscription\u002Faugustine-monks\u002F568",624,{"description":2519},"readings\u002Ftranscription\u002Faugustine-monks\u002F568","CU1JEflJEOAxHDXoVaPy10jHsIFtlWdR-vrY_8Oydfg",{"id":2529,"title":2530,"body":2531,"description":19,"extension":24,"meta":2557,"navigation":29,"page":2530,"path":2558,"pdf_page":2559,"reading":25,"seo":2560,"sortable_pagination_id":2559,"stem":2561,"__hash__":2562},"readingsTranscription\u002Freadings\u002Ftranscription\u002Faugustine-monks\u002F569.md","569",{"type":8,"value":2532,"toc":2553},[2533,2537,2540,2546,2550],[1761,2534,2536],{"id":2535},"xx-23","XX. 23.",[11,2538,2539],{},"Hic exoritur altera quaestio. fortasse enim dicat: quid ergo? ceteri apostoli et fratres domini et Cephas, quia non operabantur, aut adferebant inpedimentum euangelio, aut peccabant? quia dixit beatus Paulus ideo se non usum hac potestate, ne quod inpedimentum daret euangelio Christi? si enim peccauerunt, quia non operati sunt, non ergo acceperant potestatem non operandi, sed de euangelio uiuendi. si autem acceperant hanc potestatem ordinante domino, ut qui euangelium adnuntiarent, ex euangelio uiuerent, et dicente: dignus est operarius cibo suo — qua potestate Paulus amplius aliquid erogans uti noluit — non utique peccauerunt. si non peccauerunt, nullum inpedimentum dederunt. neque enim nullum peccatum est inpedire euangelium. quod si ita est, et nobis, inquiunt, liberum est et uti et non uti hac potestate.",[2387,2541,2543],{"start":2542},24,[2391,2544,2545],{},"Hanc quaestionem breuiter soluerem, si dicerem, quia et iuste dicerem credendum esse apostolo. ipse enim sciebat, cur in ecclesiis gentium non oporteret portari uenale euangelium, non culpans coapostolos suos, sed distinguens ministerium suum, quia ita inter se distribuerant procul dubio admonente spiritu sancto euangelizandi prouincias, ut Paulus et Barnabas ad gentes irent, illi autem in circumcisionem. hoc tamen eum praecepisse his, qui non habebant eius modi potestatem, ea quae iam multa dicta sunt manifestant.",[1761,2547,2549],{"id":2548},"xxi","XXI.",[11,2551,2552],{},"Isti autem fratres nostri temere sibi adrogant, quantum existimo, quod eius modi habeant potestatem. si enim euan-",{"title":19,"searchDepth":20,"depth":20,"links":2554},[2555,2556],{"id":2535,"depth":20,"text":2536},{"id":2548,"depth":20,"text":2549},{},"\u002Freadings\u002Ftranscription\u002Faugustine-monks\u002F569",625,{"description":19},"readings\u002Ftranscription\u002Faugustine-monks\u002F569","tDcOjnE_2bY_EkPFsiaec0PLbaoDjjaD3_Fg3eFMfmw",{"id":2564,"title":2565,"body":2566,"description":2570,"extension":24,"meta":2587,"navigation":29,"page":2565,"path":2588,"pdf_page":2589,"reading":25,"seo":2590,"sortable_pagination_id":2589,"stem":2591,"__hash__":2592},"readingsTranscription\u002Freadings\u002Ftranscription\u002Faugustine-monks\u002F570.md","570",{"type":8,"value":2567,"toc":2584},[2568,2571,2577,2581],[11,2569,2570],{},"gelistae sunt, fateor, habent; si ministri altaris, dispensatores sacramentorum, bene sibi istam non adrogant, sed plane uindicant potestatem.",[2387,2572,2574],{"start":2573},25,[2391,2575,2576],{},"Si saltem habebant aliquid in hoc saeculo, quo facile sine opificio sustentarent istam uitam, quod conuersi ad deum indigentibus dispertiti sunt, et credenda est eorum infirmitas et ferenda. solent enim tales non melius, sicut multi putant, sed, quod est uerum, languidius educati laborem operum corporalium sustinere non posse. tales fortasse multi erant in Hierosolyma. nam et scriptum est, quod praedia sua uendiderint et pretia eorum ante pedes apostolorum posuerint, ut distribueretur unicuique, sicut opus erat. quia prope inuenti sunt et utiles fuerunt gentibus, quae ab idolorum cultu ex longinquo uocabantur, secundum illud, quod dictum est: ex Sion prodiet lex et uerbum domini ex Hierusalem, debitores eorum dixit apostolus ex gentibus christianos. debitores, inquit, eorum sunt, addidit quare: si enim spiritalibus eorum, inquit, communicauerunt gentes, debent et in carnalibus ministrare eis.",[1761,2578,2580],{"id":2579},"xxii","XXII.",[11,2582,2583],{},"Nunc autem ueniunt plerumque ad hanc professionem seruitutis dei et ex condicione seruili, uel etiam liberti uel propter hoc a dominis liberati siue liberandi et ex uita rusticana et ex opificum exercitatione et plebeio labore, tanto",{"title":19,"searchDepth":20,"depth":20,"links":2585},[2586],{"id":2579,"depth":20,"text":2580},{},"\u002Freadings\u002Ftranscription\u002Faugustine-monks\u002F570",626,{"description":2570},"readings\u002Ftranscription\u002Faugustine-monks\u002F570","WS2vpRJHgjWU7tHRSVsymF7km3AQig4RauHL492NaRA",{"id":2594,"title":2595,"body":2596,"description":2600,"extension":24,"meta":2611,"navigation":29,"page":2595,"path":2612,"pdf_page":2613,"reading":25,"seo":2614,"sortable_pagination_id":2613,"stem":2615,"__hash__":2616},"readingsTranscription\u002Freadings\u002Ftranscription\u002Faugustine-monks\u002F571.md","571",{"type":8,"value":2597,"toc":2608},[2598,2601,2605],[11,2599,2600],{},"utique felicius quanto fortius educati: qui si non admittantur, graue delictum est: multi enim ex eo numero uere magni et imitandi extiterunt. nam propterea et infirma mundi elegit deus, ut confunderet fortia; et stulta mundi elegit, ut confunderet sapientes; et ignobilia mundi et ea quae non sunt, tamquam sint, ut ea quae sunt euacuentur, ut non glorietur omnis caro coram deo. haec itaque pia et sancta cogitatio facit, ut etiam tales admittantur, qui nullum adferre mutatum in melius uitae documentum. neque enim adportet utramque et proposito seruituris dei uenerint, an uitam inopem et laboriosam fugientes naci pasci atque uestiri uoluerint et insuper honorari ab eis, a quibus contemni conterique consueuerant. tales ergo quoniam se, quo minus operentur, de infirmitate corporis excusare non possunt — praeteritae quippe uitae consuetudine conuincuntur — umbraculo malae disciplinae se contegunt, ut ex male intellecto euangelio praecepta apostolica peruertere meditentur: uere uolatilia caeli, sed per superbiam se in altum extollendo, et fenum agri, sed carnaliter sentiendo.",[1761,2602,2604],{"id":2603},"xxiii-26","XXIII. 26.",[11,2606,2607],{},"Contigit enim eis, quod in niduis iunioribus indisciplinatis enuendum idem apostolus dicit: simul enim et otiosi esse discunt; non solum autem otiosi, sed etiam curiosi et uerbosi, loquentes quae non oportent. hoc ille de",{"title":19,"searchDepth":20,"depth":20,"links":2609},[2610],{"id":2603,"depth":20,"text":2604},{},"\u002Freadings\u002Ftranscription\u002Faugustine-monks\u002F571",627,{"description":2600},"readings\u002Ftranscription\u002Faugustine-monks\u002F571","KQwcB2ru7V84frNg5WvPhwGNgRqSLdwZdlnrhhF67JY",{"id":2618,"title":2619,"body":2620,"description":2624,"extension":24,"meta":2635,"navigation":29,"page":2619,"path":2636,"pdf_page":2637,"reading":25,"seo":2638,"sortable_pagination_id":2637,"stem":2639,"__hash__":2640},"readingsTranscription\u002Freadings\u002Ftranscription\u002Faugustine-monks\u002F572.md","572",{"type":8,"value":2621,"toc":2632},[2622,2625,2629],[11,2623,2624],{},"malis feminis dicebat, quod nos etiam in malis uiris dolemus et plangimus, qui aduersus eum ipsum, in cuius epistulis ista legimus, otiosi et uerbosi quae non oportet loquuntur. et qui sunt inter eos, qui eo proposito ad sanctam militiam uenerint, ut placeant cui se probarunt, cum ita uigeant uiribus corporis et integritate ualetudinis, ut non solum erudiri, sed etiam operari secundum apostolum possint, exceptis istorum otiosis corruptisque sermonibus, quos iudicare per inperitum tirocinium non ualeant, in eandem labem pestifera contagione mutantur, non solum non sanctorum oboedientiam imitantes quiete operantium et aliorum monasteriorum in saluberrima disciplina secundum apostolicam normam uiuentium, sed etiam insultantes melioribus, tamquam conseruatricem euangelii praedicantes pigritiam, tamquam praeuaricatricem accusantes misericordiam. multo enim misericordius operatur erga animas infirmorum, qui famae bonae seruorum dei consulit, quam erga corpora egentium, qui panem esurientibus frangit. quapropter utinam isti, qui uacare uolunt manibus, omnino uacarent et linguis! neque enim tam multos ad imitationem inuitarent, si eis non tantum exempla pigra, sed etiam muta proponerent.",[1761,2626,2628],{"id":2627},"xxiii-27","XXIII. 27.",[11,2630,2631],{},"Nunc uero contra apostolum Christi recitant euangelium Christi. ita enim mirabilia sunt opera pigrorum, ut inpedire uelint euangelio, quod apostolus ideo praecepit",{"title":19,"searchDepth":20,"depth":20,"links":2633},[2634],{"id":2627,"depth":20,"text":2628},{},"\u002Freadings\u002Ftranscription\u002Faugustine-monks\u002F572",628,{"description":2624},"readings\u002Ftranscription\u002Faugustine-monks\u002F572","InqJhjrm3gk5kRe3hjP6rG-AaC9DMmWvnNJq8QkHgTg",{"id":2642,"title":2643,"body":2644,"description":2648,"extension":24,"meta":2651,"navigation":29,"page":2643,"path":2652,"pdf_page":2653,"reading":25,"seo":2654,"sortable_pagination_id":2653,"stem":2655,"__hash__":2656},"readingsTranscription\u002Freadings\u002Ftranscription\u002Faugustine-monks\u002F573.md","573",{"type":8,"value":2645,"toc":2649},[2646],[11,2647,2648],{},"et fecit, ne inpediretur ipsum euangelium. et tamen, si eos ex ipsis euangelii uerbis secundum eorum intellectum uiuere cogamus, priores nobis suadere conabuntur, quam non ita sint intellegenda, ut intellegunt. certe enim propterea se dicunt operari non debere, quia nec uolucres caeli seminant neque metunt, de quibus nobis dominus similitudinem dedit, ne de talibus necessariis cogitemus. cur ergo non adtendunt quod sequitur? neque enim hoc tantummodo dictum est, quia non seminant neque metunt, sed adiectum est: neque congregant in apothecas. apothecae autem uel horrea uerbum ex uerbo repostoria dici possunt. cur ergo isti manus otiosas et plena repostoria uolunt habere? cur ea, quae sumunt et seruant, recondunt ex aliorum laboribus, unde cotidie proferatur? cur denique molunt et coquunt? hoc enim aues non faciunt. aut si reperiunt, quibus hoc opus quoque persuadeant, ut eis per singulos dies escas adferant praeparatas, saltem sibi aquam uel de fontibus adferunt uel de cisternis aut puteis hauriunt et reponunt: hoc uolatilia non faciunt. sed si hoc placet, studeant etiam boni fideles et regis aeterni deuotissimi prouinciales fortissimis eius militibus usque ad ista seruire, ut sibi nec aquam inplere cogantur, si iam etiam illos, qui tunc erant Hierosolymae, nouo gradu iustitiae su-",{"title":19,"searchDepth":20,"depth":20,"links":2650},[],{},"\u002Freadings\u002Ftranscription\u002Faugustine-monks\u002F573",629,{"description":2648},"readings\u002Ftranscription\u002Faugustine-monks\u002F573","GrSUruqGHBM9UAZ5-YJDAR5ki6ApFCjc-eFUsj8UePA",{"id":2658,"title":2659,"body":2660,"description":2664,"extension":24,"meta":2675,"navigation":29,"page":2659,"path":2676,"pdf_page":2677,"reading":25,"seo":2678,"sortable_pagination_id":2677,"stem":2679,"__hash__":2680},"readingsTranscription\u002Freadings\u002Ftranscription\u002Faugustine-monks\u002F574.md","574",{"type":8,"value":2661,"toc":2672},[2662,2665,2669],[11,2663,2664],{},"pergressi sunt. nam illi fame inminente et per prophetas, qui tunc erant, ante praedicta boni fideles ex Graecia frumenta miserunt, ex quibus credo quod illi sibi panem fecerunt aut certe faciendum curauerunt: quod aues non faciunt. sed si iam isti, ut dicere coeperam, etiam illos aliquo gradu iustitiae transierunt et omnino in his, quae ad transigendam istam uitam pertinent, sicut uolucres agunt, ostendant nobis homines seruire uolucribus, sicut sibi seruiri uolunt, nisi captis et inclusis, quibus fides non habetur, ne uolantes non redeant: et tamen illae malunt frui libertate et ex agris quantum satis est capere quam ab hominibus adposita et adparata sumere.",[1761,2666,2668],{"id":2667},"_28","28.",[11,2670,2671],{},"Proinde rursus istos alio sublimiore gradu iustitiae superabunt, qui se ita instituerint, ut cotidie in agros tamquam in pastum pergant et quo tempore inuenerint carpant ac sopita fame reuertantur. sed plane propter agrorum custodes quam bonum esset, si etiam pinnas largiri dominus dignaretur, ut serui dei in agris alienis inuenti non tamquam fures conprehenderentur, sed tamquam sturni fugarentur. nunc uero ille, quantum poterit, imitabitur auem, quem capere uenator non potuerit. sed ecce concedant omnes serui dei, ut cum uolunt in eorum agros exeant atque inde securi refectique discedant: sicut populo Israhel per legem praecep­tum est, ut in agris suis furem nullus teneret, nisi qui secum aliquid uellet auferre; nam qui nihil aliud adtigisset quam",{"title":19,"searchDepth":20,"depth":20,"links":2673},[2674],{"id":2667,"depth":20,"text":2668},{},"\u002Freadings\u002Ftranscription\u002Faugustine-monks\u002F574",630,{"description":2664},"readings\u002Ftranscription\u002Faugustine-monks\u002F574","Gj8Rztl2alKYmN6yaU3_zG5IMwLUzufLA_ZuSmAq8Nc",{"id":2682,"title":2683,"body":2684,"description":2688,"extension":24,"meta":2699,"navigation":29,"page":2683,"path":2700,"pdf_page":2701,"reading":25,"seo":2702,"sortable_pagination_id":2701,"stem":2703,"__hash__":2704},"readingsTranscription\u002Freadings\u002Ftranscription\u002Faugustine-monks\u002F575.md","575",{"type":8,"value":2685,"toc":2696},[2686,2689,2693],[11,2687,2688],{},"id quod comedisset, liberum inpunitumque abire sinerent. unde etiam spicas uellentibus discipulis domini de sabbato potius quam de furto iudaei calumniati sunt. sed quid erit agendum de his temporibus anni, quibus esca, quae statim sumi possit, in agris non inuenitur? quisquis aliquid domum sibi coquendo praeparet auferre temptauerit, secundum quod istorum intellectum audiet ex euangelio: pone; hoc enim aues non faciunt.",[1761,2690,2692],{"id":2691},"_29","29.",[11,2694,2695],{},"Verum et hoc concedamus, toto uertente anno posse in agris reperiri uel ex arbore uel ex herbis uel ex quibusque radicibus, quod in escam sumi possit incoctum aut certe tanta excitatio corporis adhibeatur, ut ea, quae coquenda sunt, etiam cruda adsumpta non noceant possitque etiam hiemalibus quibuslibet asperitatibus ad pabula procedi, atque ita fiat, ut nihil praeparandum auferatur, nihil in crastinum reponatur: non poterunt ista seruare, qui se per multos dies a conspectu hominum separatos et nulli ad se praebentes accessum includunt se ipsos uiuentes in magna intentione orationum. hi enim facillima quidem atque uilissima, secum tamen includere consuerunt alimenta, quae in illos dies, quibus a nullo uideri statuerunt, sufficiant: quod aues non faciunt. et horum quidem exercitationem in tam mirabili continentia, quandoquidem habent otium, quo haec agant seque imitandos non superba elatione, sed misericordi sanctitate",{"title":19,"searchDepth":20,"depth":20,"links":2697},[2698],{"id":2691,"depth":20,"text":2692},{},"\u002Freadings\u002Ftranscription\u002Faugustine-monks\u002F575",631,{"description":2688},"readings\u002Ftranscription\u002Faugustine-monks\u002F575","D4CiHDkPw0PyDMbb1vmoYRHGpFBC6XYBTmmyQ7wAid4",{"id":2706,"title":2707,"body":2708,"description":2712,"extension":24,"meta":2731,"navigation":29,"page":2707,"path":2732,"pdf_page":2733,"reading":25,"seo":2734,"sortable_pagination_id":2733,"stem":2735,"__hash__":2736},"readingsTranscription\u002Freadings\u002Ftranscription\u002Faugustine-monks\u002F576.md","576",{"type":8,"value":2709,"toc":2727},[2710,2713,2717,2720,2724],[11,2711,2712],{},"proponant, non solum non reprehendo, sed, quantum dignum est, laudare non possum. quid tamen de his dicimus secundum istorum intellectum ex euangelicis uerbis? an forte quo sunt sanctiores, eo sunt uolucribus dissimiliores, quia nisi reponant sibi escas in plurimos dies, includere se ita, ut faciunt, non ualebunt? et utique nobiscum audiunt: nolite ergo cogitare in crastinum.",[1761,2714,2716],{"id":2715},"_30","30.",[11,2718,2719],{},"Quapropter, ut breuiter conplectar, isti, qui ex euangelio peruerso intellectu tam manifesta apostolica praecepta peruertere moliuntur, aut non cogitent in crastinum, sicut uolatilia caeli, aut obtemperent apostolo, sicut filii dilecti; immo utrumque faciant, quia utrumque concordat. neque enim Paulus seruus Christi domino suo Iesu contraria moneret. hoc enim istis aperte dicimus: si uolatilia caeli sic intellegitis in euangelio, ut nolitis operando manibus uestris uictum tegumentumque procurare, nihil etiam reponatis in crastinum, sicut nihil reponunt uolatilia caeli. si autem aliquid reponere in crastinum potest non esse contra euangelium, ubi dictum est: respicite uolatilia caeli, quia neque seminant neque metunt neque congregant in apothecas, potest etiam non esse contra euangelium nec contra similitudinem uolatilium caeli uitam istam carnis corporalis operationis labore transigere.",[1761,2721,2723],{"id":2722},"xxiiiii-31","XXIIIII. 31.",[11,2725,2726],{},"Si enim urgeantur ex euangelio, ut nihil reponant in crastinum, rectissime respondent: cur ergo ipse",{"title":19,"searchDepth":20,"depth":20,"links":2728},[2729,2730],{"id":2715,"depth":20,"text":2716},{"id":2722,"depth":20,"text":2723},{},"\u002Freadings\u002Ftranscription\u002Faugustine-monks\u002F576",632,{"description":2712},"readings\u002Ftranscription\u002Faugustine-monks\u002F576","1romRUUHr5BXc_Qh4dQNNbpOTCfLi1dLABRC6PhPB9c",{"id":2738,"title":2739,"body":2740,"description":2744,"extension":24,"meta":2755,"navigation":29,"page":2739,"path":2756,"pdf_page":2757,"reading":25,"seo":2758,"sortable_pagination_id":2757,"stem":2759,"__hash__":2760},"readingsTranscription\u002Freadings\u002Ftranscription\u002Faugustine-monks\u002F577.md","577",{"type":8,"value":2741,"toc":2752},[2742,2745,2749],[11,2743,2744],{},"dominus loculos habuit, ubi pecuniam collectam reponeret? cur tanto ante fame inminente frumenta sanctis patribus missa sunt? cur apostoli sic indigentiae sanctorum necessaria procurarunt, ne deesset in posterum, ut beatissimus Paulus ad Corinthios in epistula scriberet: de collectis autem in sanctos, sicut ordinaui ecclesiis Galatiae, ita et uos facite. secundum unam sabbati unusquisque uestrum apud se ponat thesaurizans quod ei placuerit, ut non, cum uenero, tunc collectae fiant. cum autem aduenero, quoscumque probaueritis, per epistulas hos mittam perferre gratiam uestram in Hierusalem. quodsi dignum fuerit, ut et ego eam, mecum ibunt. haec et alia multa copiosissime et uerissime proferunt. quibus respondemus: uidetis ergo, quamuis dominus dixerit: nolite cogitare in crastinum, non uos tamen his uerbis cogi, ut nihil in crastinum reseruetis. cur ergo isdem uerbis uos cogi dicitis, ut uacetis? cur exemplo uolatilia caeli non uobis sunt ad nihil reseruandum et uultis, ut sint exemplo ad nihil operandum?",[1761,2746,2748],{"id":2747},"xxv-32","XXV. 32.",[11,2750,2751],{},"Dicet aliquis: quid ergo prodest seruo dei, quod prioribus actibus, quos in saeculo habebat relictis, ad hanc spiritalem uitam militiamque conuertitur, si adhuc eum oportet tamquam opifices exercere negotia? quasi uero facile possit uerbis explicari, quantum prosit, quod dominus diuiti",{"title":19,"searchDepth":20,"depth":20,"links":2753},[2754],{"id":2747,"depth":20,"text":2748},{},"\u002Freadings\u002Ftranscription\u002Faugustine-monks\u002F577",633,{"description":2744},"readings\u002Ftranscription\u002Faugustine-monks\u002F577","JPROGEUeSeM0ZD2ujZSLFyLxRR9wMU6iat3mVBLZYYs",{"id":2762,"title":2763,"body":2764,"description":2776,"extension":24,"meta":2777,"navigation":29,"page":2763,"path":2778,"pdf_page":2779,"reading":25,"seo":2780,"sortable_pagination_id":2779,"stem":2781,"__hash__":2782},"readingsTranscription\u002Freadings\u002Ftranscription\u002Faugustine-monks\u002F578.md","578",{"type":8,"value":2765,"toc":2774},[2766],[11,2767,2768,2769,2773],{},"consilium capiendae uitae aeternae requirenti ait, ut faceret, si uellet esse perfectus, ut uenditis, quae habebat, et indigentiae pauperum distributis eum sequeretur. aut quisquam tam expedito cursu secutus est dominum quam ille, qui ait: non in uacuum cucurri nec in uacuum laboraui? qui tamen opera ista et praecepit et fecit. haec nobis tanta auctoritas doctis et informatis sufficere debuit ",[2770,2771,2772],"span",{},"ad exemplum"," et relinquendi pristinas facultates et manibus operandi. sed et nos ab ipso domino adiuti possumus fortasse utcumque cognoscere etiam sic operantibus seruis dei priora tamen negotia reliquisse quid prosit. si enim ad hanc uitam ex diuite quisque conuertitur et nulla infirmitate corporis inpeditur, itane desipimus a sapore Christi, ut non intellegamus quantus prioris superbiae tumor sanetur, cum circumcisis superfluis, quibus ante animus exitiabiliter inflabatur, ad modica quae restant huic uitae naturaliter necessaria etiam opificis humilitas minime recusetur? si autem ad hanc uitam ex paupertate conuertitur, non putet id se agere quod agebat, si ab amore uel augendae quantulaecumque rei priuatae iam non quaerens quae sua sunt, sed quae Iesu Christi ad communis uitae se transtulit caritatem in eorum societate uicturus, quibus est anima una et cor unum in deo, ita ut nemo dicat aliquid proprium, sed sint illis omnia",{"title":19,"searchDepth":20,"depth":20,"links":2775},[],"consilium capiendae uitae aeternae requirenti ait, ut faceret, si uellet esse perfectus, ut uenditis, quae habebat, et indigentiae pauperum distributis eum sequeretur. aut quisquam tam expedito cursu secutus est dominum quam ille, qui ait: non in uacuum cucurri nec in uacuum laboraui? qui tamen opera ista et praecepit et fecit. haec nobis tanta auctoritas doctis et informatis sufficere debuit ad exemplum et relinquendi pristinas facultates et manibus operandi. sed et nos ab ipso domino adiuti possumus fortasse utcumque cognoscere etiam sic operantibus seruis dei priora tamen negotia reliquisse quid prosit. si enim ad hanc uitam ex diuite quisque conuertitur et nulla infirmitate corporis inpeditur, itane desipimus a sapore Christi, ut non intellegamus quantus prioris superbiae tumor sanetur, cum circumcisis superfluis, quibus ante animus exitiabiliter inflabatur, ad modica quae restant huic uitae naturaliter necessaria etiam opificis humilitas minime recusetur? si autem ad hanc uitam ex paupertate conuertitur, non putet id se agere quod agebat, si ab amore uel augendae quantulaecumque rei priuatae iam non quaerens quae sua sunt, sed quae Iesu Christi ad communis uitae se transtulit caritatem in eorum societate uicturus, quibus est anima una et cor unum in deo, ita ut nemo dicat aliquid proprium, sed sint illis omnia",{},"\u002Freadings\u002Ftranscription\u002Faugustine-monks\u002F578",634,{"description":2776},"readings\u002Ftranscription\u002Faugustine-monks\u002F578","muUuNPakf385AnFgXlgonE5hllvv2RQELnw3USFbu_U",{"id":2784,"title":2785,"body":2786,"description":2790,"extension":24,"meta":2801,"navigation":29,"page":2785,"path":2802,"pdf_page":2803,"reading":25,"seo":2804,"sortable_pagination_id":2803,"stem":2805,"__hash__":2806},"readingsTranscription\u002Freadings\u002Ftranscription\u002Faugustine-monks\u002F579.md","579",{"type":8,"value":2787,"toc":2798},[2788,2791,2795],[11,2789,2790],{},"communia. si enim huius terrenae rei publicae antiqui principes praeclarissimo litteratorum suorum eloquio praedicari solent, quod rem communem uniuersi populi suae ciuitatis priuatis suis rebus sic anteponebant, ut quidam eorum Africa edomita triumphator quid nubenti filiae daret non habuerit, nisi ex senatus consulto de publico dotaretur: quo animo in republica sua ciuis aeternae illius ciuitatis esse debet Hierusalem caelestis, nisi ut illud ipsum, quod propriis manibus elaborat, in commune cum fratre et, si quid ei defuerit, de communi suppleat, dicens cum illo, cuius praeceptum exemplumque secutus est: quasi nihil habentes et omnia possidentes?",[1761,2792,2794],{"id":2793},"_33","33.",[11,2796,2797],{},"Quamobrem etiam illi, qui relicta uel distributa siue ampla siue qualicumque opulentia inter pauperes Christi pia et salubri humilitate numerari uoluerunt, si corpore ita ualent et ab ecclesiasticis occupationibus uacant, quamquam eis tam magnum animi sui documentum adferentibus et eiusdem societatis indigentiae de his rebus, quas habebant, uel plurimum uel non parum conferentibus uicem sustentandae uitae eorum res ipsa communis et fraterna caritas debeat, tamen, si et ipsi manibus operentur, ut pigris ex uita humiliore et ob hoc exercitatiore uenientibus auferant excusationem, multo misericordius agunt, quam cum omnia sua indigentibus diuiserunt. quod quidem si nolint, quis audeat cogere? quibus",{"title":19,"searchDepth":20,"depth":20,"links":2799},[2800],{"id":2793,"depth":20,"text":2794},{},"\u002Freadings\u002Ftranscription\u002Faugustine-monks\u002F579",635,{"description":2790},"readings\u002Ftranscription\u002Faugustine-monks\u002F579","P_KpVLFL85y8PW4RrDJoBteL58C1B1IvDYtugBEu-kU",{"id":2808,"title":2809,"body":2810,"description":2814,"extension":24,"meta":2825,"navigation":29,"page":2809,"path":2826,"pdf_page":2827,"reading":25,"seo":2828,"sortable_pagination_id":2827,"stem":2829,"__hash__":2830},"readingsTranscription\u002Freadings\u002Ftranscription\u002Faugustine-monks\u002F580.md","580",{"type":8,"value":2811,"toc":2822},[2812,2815,2819],[11,2813,2814],{},"tamen inuenienda sunt opera in monasterio etiamsi a corporali functione liberiora, sed uigilanti administratione curanda, ut nec ipsi panem suum, quoniam communis iam factus est, gratis manducent. nec adtendendum est, in quibus monasteriis uel in quo loco indigentibus fratribus quisque id quod habebat inpenderit. omnium enim christianorum una respublica est. et ideo quisquis christianis necessaria ubilibet erogauerit, ubicumque etiam ipse quod sibi necessarium est accipit, de Christi accipit, quia ubicumque et ipse talibus dedit, quis nisi Christus accepit? illi autem, qui etiam praeter istam sanctam societatem uitam labore corporis transigebant, ex quorum numero plures ad monasteria ueniunt, quia et in ipso humano genere plures sunt, si nolunt operari, nec manducent. neque enim propterea christiana militia ad pietatem diuites humiliantur, ut pauperes ad superbiam extollantur. nullo modo enim decet, ut in ea uita, ubi senatores fiunt laboriosi, ibi fiant opifices otiosi, et quo ueniunt relictis suis deliciis qui fuerant praediorum domini, ibi sint rustici delicati.",[1761,2816,2818],{"id":2817},"xxvi-34","XXVI. 34.",[11,2820,2821],{},"At enim dominus ait: nolite solliciti esse animae quid manducetis neque corpori quid uestiamini. recte, quoniam supra dixerat: non potestis deo seruire et mamonae. qui enim propter hoc euangelium praedicat, ut habeat unde manducet et unde uestiatur, simul se putat et deo seruire, quia euangelium praedicat, et ma-",{"title":19,"searchDepth":20,"depth":20,"links":2823},[2824],{"id":2817,"depth":20,"text":2818},{},"\u002Freadings\u002Ftranscription\u002Faugustine-monks\u002F580",636,{"description":2814},"readings\u002Ftranscription\u002Faugustine-monks\u002F580","bZwalYK-pbYtwLHNVGOxyFZhWQP1LcVAEOoSmZ3DuiU",{"id":2832,"title":2833,"body":2834,"description":2838,"extension":24,"meta":2841,"navigation":29,"page":2833,"path":2842,"pdf_page":2843,"reading":25,"seo":2844,"sortable_pagination_id":2843,"stem":2845,"__hash__":2846},"readingsTranscription\u002Freadings\u002Ftranscription\u002Faugustine-monks\u002F581.md","581",{"type":8,"value":2835,"toc":2839},[2836],[11,2837,2838],{},"monae, quia propter ista necessaria praedicat: quod dominus dicit fieri non posse. ac per hoc ille, qui propter ista euangelium praedicat, non deo, sed mamonae seruire conuincitur, etsi deus illo ad aliorum prouectum, quomodo ipse nescit, utatur. nam huic sententiae subiungit dicens: ideo dico uobis: nolite solliciti esse animae quid manducetis neque corpori quid uestiamini, non ut ista non procurent, quantum necessitatis est unde honeste potuerint, sed ut non ista intueantur et propter ista faciant quidquid in euangelii praedicatione facere iubentur. eam quippe intentionem quare quid fiat, oculum uocat: unde paulo superius loquebatur, ut ad hoc descenderet, et dicebat: lucerna corporis tui est oculus tuus. si oculus tuus simplex fuerit, totum corpus tuum lucidum erit; si uero oculus tuus nequam fuerit, totum corpus tuum tenebrosum erit, id est: talia erunt facta tua, qualis fuerit intentio tua, cur ea facias. et ad hoc enim ut ueniret, supra de elemosynis praeceperat dicens: nolite condere uobis thesauros in terris, ubi aerugo et tinea exterminat et ubi fures effodiunt et furantur; recondite uero uobis thesauros in caelo, ubi neque tinea neque robigo exterminat, ubi fures non perfodiunt et furantur. ubi enim erit thesaurus tuus, ibi erit et cor tuum. deinde subiunxit: lucerna",{"title":19,"searchDepth":20,"depth":20,"links":2840},[],{},"\u002Freadings\u002Ftranscription\u002Faugustine-monks\u002F581",637,{"description":2838},"readings\u002Ftranscription\u002Faugustine-monks\u002F581","9aNkPGJBTFOwg4djLJYsbgKyrDbWoSf-vTVSGijdeto",{"id":2848,"title":2849,"body":2850,"description":2854,"extension":24,"meta":2857,"navigation":29,"page":2849,"path":2858,"pdf_page":2859,"reading":25,"seo":2860,"sortable_pagination_id":2859,"stem":2861,"__hash__":2862},"readingsTranscription\u002Freadings\u002Ftranscription\u002Faugustine-monks\u002F582.md","582",{"type":8,"value":2851,"toc":2855},[2852],[11,2853,2854],{},"corporis tui est oculus tuus, ut illi scilicet, qui elemosynas faciunt, non ea faciant intentione, ut uel hominibus uelint placere uel in terra sibi quaerant rependi quod faciunt. unde et apostolus cum Timotheo diuites monendos praeciperet, facile, inquit, tribuant, communicent, thesaurizent sibi fundamentum bonum in futurum, ut adprehendant ueram uitam. cum ergo in futuram uitam direxerit oculum dominus elemosynas facientium et in caelestem mercedem, ut possit et ipsa facta esse lucida, cum simplex oculus fuerit in illam quippe nouissimam retributionem ualet, quod et alibi ait: qui uos excipit, me excipit; et qui me excipit, excipit eum qui me misit. qui excipit prophetam in nomine prophetae, mercedem prophetae accipiet: et qui excipit iustum in nomine iusti, mercedem iusti accipiet. et qui potum dederit uni ex istis minimis calicem aquae frigidae tantum in nomine discipuli. amen dico uobis, non peribit merces eius — ne forte correpto oculo eorum qui necessaria inpendunt indigentibus et prophetis et iustis et discipulis domini ipsorum oculus deprauaretur in quos ista fierent, ut propter ista accipienda uellent Christo militare, nemo, inquit, potest duobus dominis seruire. et paulo post, non potestis, inquit, deo",{"title":19,"searchDepth":20,"depth":20,"links":2856},[],{},"\u002Freadings\u002Ftranscription\u002Faugustine-monks\u002F582",638,{"description":2854},"readings\u002Ftranscription\u002Faugustine-monks\u002F582","EFAEiPfxELNmSxDWhuB14VLaI7l2BCZTE98po1CCS_g",{"id":2864,"title":2865,"body":2866,"description":2870,"extension":24,"meta":2887,"navigation":29,"page":2865,"path":2888,"pdf_page":2889,"reading":25,"seo":2890,"sortable_pagination_id":2889,"stem":2891,"__hash__":2892},"readingsTranscription\u002Freadings\u002Ftranscription\u002Faugustine-monks\u002F583.md","583",{"type":8,"value":2867,"toc":2884},[2868,2871,2877,2881],[11,2869,2870],{},"seruire et mamonae, statimque contexuit: ideo dico uobis, nolite solliciti esse animae quid manducetis neque corpori quid uestiamini.",[2387,2872,2874],{"start":2873},35,[2391,2875,2876],{},"Et quod sequitur de uolatilibus caeli et de liliis agri, ad hoc dicit, ne quisquam deum putet seruorum suorum necessaria non curare, cum eius sapientissima prouidentia usque ad ista creanda et gubernanda perueniat. neque enim non ipse pascit et uestit etiam eos, qui manibus operantur. sed ne christianam militiam ad hoc detorqueant, ut ista conquirant, hoc seruos suos dominus praemonet, ut in eo ministerio, quod sacramento eius debetur, non ista, sed regnum eius et iustitiam cogitemus: et haec omnia adponentur nobis siue per manus operantibus siue infirmitate corporis inpeditis siue ipsius militiae tali occupatione destrictis, ut nihil aliud agere ualeamus.",[1761,2878,2880],{"id":2879},"xxvii","XXVII.",[11,2882,2883],{},"Neque enim quia dixit deus: inuoca me in die tribulationis, et eximam te, et glorificabis me, propterea non debuit fugere apostolus et per murum in sportam submitti, ut manus persequentis euaderet, sed expectare potius, ut conprehenderetur et eum sicut tres pueros de mediis ignibus liberaret. aut propter hoc nec dominus dicere debuit: si uos persecuti fuerint in una ciuitate, fugite in aliam, quia ipse dixit: si quid petieritis in nomine meo, dabitur uobis. sicut ergo quisquis fugientibus persecutionem",{"title":19,"searchDepth":20,"depth":20,"links":2885},[2886],{"id":2879,"depth":20,"text":2880},{},"\u002Freadings\u002Ftranscription\u002Faugustine-monks\u002F583",639,{"description":2870},"readings\u002Ftranscription\u002Faugustine-monks\u002F583","rtyu9zIVb1zyzuU7OfSth8evpEHzwqaq25QIWe940Ew",{"id":2894,"title":2895,"body":2896,"description":2900,"extension":24,"meta":2903,"navigation":29,"page":2895,"path":2904,"pdf_page":2905,"reading":25,"seo":2906,"sortable_pagination_id":2905,"stem":2907,"__hash__":2908},"readingsTranscription\u002Freadings\u002Ftranscription\u002Faugustine-monks\u002F584.md","584",{"type":8,"value":2897,"toc":2901},[2898],[11,2899,2900],{},"discipulis Christi obiceret huius modi quaestionem, cur non stetissent potius et inuocato deo per eius mirabilia sic eruerentur ut Danihel a leonibus, ut Petrus ex uinculis, responderent non se oportuisse temptare deum, sed tunc eum talia si uellet esse facturum, cum ipsi quid facerent non haberent; cum uero eis fugam in potestatem dedisset, etiamsi per illam liberantur, non nisi ab ipso liberari: sic etiam dei seruis uacantibus et ualentibus exemplo et praecepto apostolico manibus suis uictum transigere, si quis euangelio mouerit quaestionem de uolatilibus caeli, quae non seminant neque metunt neque congregant in apothecas, et de liliis agri, quia non laborant neque nent, facile respondebunt: si et nos per aliquam infirmitatem uel occupationem non possimus operari, sic nos ille pascet et uestiet, quemadmodum aues et lilia, quae nihil operantur huius modi, cum autem possumus, non debemus temptare deum nostrum, quia et hoc, quod possumus, eius munere possumus et, cum hinc uiuimus, illo largiente uiuimus, qui largitus est, ut possimus. et ideo de istis necessariis solliciti non sumus, quia, cum haec possumus agere, ille nos pascit et uestit, a quo pascuntur homines atque uestiuntur; cum uero haec non possumus agere, idem ipse nos pascit et uestit, a quo aues pascuntur et lilia uesti-",{"title":19,"searchDepth":20,"depth":20,"links":2902},[],{},"\u002Freadings\u002Ftranscription\u002Faugustine-monks\u002F584",640,{"description":2900},"readings\u002Ftranscription\u002Faugustine-monks\u002F584","iVFDmDcU7j0hINZkT9IJLpjmOntA-lO7llk0oOPF5rM",{"id":2910,"title":2911,"body":2912,"description":2916,"extension":24,"meta":2927,"navigation":29,"page":2911,"path":2928,"pdf_page":2929,"reading":25,"seo":2930,"sortable_pagination_id":2929,"stem":2931,"__hash__":2932},"readingsTranscription\u002Freadings\u002Ftranscription\u002Faugustine-monks\u002F585.md","585",{"type":8,"value":2913,"toc":2924},[2914,2917,2921],[11,2915,2916],{},"untur, quoniam nos pluris sumus illis. quapropter in ista militia nostra nec in crastinum cogitamus, quia non propter ista temporalia, sed propter illa sempiterna, ubi semper hodiernus est, nos illi probauimus, ut ei nullis negotiis saecularibus inplicati placeamus.",[1761,2918,2920],{"id":2919},"xxviii-36","XXVIII. 36.",[11,2922,2923],{},"Quae cum ita sint, sine me paululum, sancte frater — dat enim mihi dominus per te magnam fiduciam — eos ipsos adloqui filios et fratres nostros, quos noui quanta nobiscum dilectione parturias, donec in eis apostolica disciplina formetur. o serui dei, milites Christi, itane dissimulatis callidissimi hostis insidias, qui bonam famam uestram, tam bonum Christi odorem, ne dicant animae bonae: post odorem ungentorum tuorum curremus, et sic laqueos eius euadant, omni modo cupientes obscurare putoribus suis, tam multos hypocritas sub habitu monachorum usquequaque dispersit, circumeuntes prouincias, nusquam missos, nusquam fixos, nusquam stantes, nusquam sedentes. alii membra martyrum, si tamen martyrum, uenditant; alii fimbrias et phylacteria sua magnificant; alii parentes uel consanguineos suos in illa uel in illa regione se audisse uiuere et ad eos pergere mentiuntur. et omnes petunt, omnes exigunt aut sumptus lucrosae egestatis aut simulatae pretium sanctitatis, cum interea in malis factis suis ubicumque deprehensi fuerint uel quoquo modo innotuerint, sub generali nomine monachorum uestrum",{"title":19,"searchDepth":20,"depth":20,"links":2925},[2926],{"id":2919,"depth":20,"text":2920},{},"\u002Freadings\u002Ftranscription\u002Faugustine-monks\u002F585",641,{"description":2916},"readings\u002Ftranscription\u002Faugustine-monks\u002F585","NHOJxb4mEK2Z5cTFQ8TdmwhBEz6ZOBc2nzsGtK2FO-c",{"id":2934,"title":2935,"body":2936,"description":2940,"extension":24,"meta":2951,"navigation":29,"page":2935,"path":2952,"pdf_page":2953,"reading":25,"seo":2954,"sortable_pagination_id":2953,"stem":2955,"__hash__":2956},"readingsTranscription\u002Freadings\u002Ftranscription\u002Faugustine-monks\u002F586.md","586",{"type":8,"value":2937,"toc":2948},[2938,2941,2945],[11,2939,2940],{},"propositum blasphematur, tam bonum, tam sanctum, quod in Christi nomine cupimus, sicut per alias terras, sic per totam Africam pullulare. nonne ergo inflammamini zelo dei? nonne calescit cor uestrum intra uos, et in meditatione uestra exardescit ignis, ut istorum mala opera bonis operibus persequamini, ut eis amputetis occasionem turpium nundinarum, quibus existimatio uestra laeditur et infirmis offendiculum ponitur? miseremini ergo et conpatimini et ostendite hominibus non uos in otio facilem uictum, sed per angustam et artam uitam huius propositi regnum dei quaerere. eadem uobis causa est, quae apostolo fuit, ut amputetis occasionem his, qui quaerunt occasionem, ut qui illorum putoribus praefocantur. in odore uestro bono reficiantur.",[1761,2942,2944],{"id":2943},"xxviiii-37","XXVIIII. 37.",[11,2946,2947],{},"Non alligamus onera grauia et uestris umeris inponimus, quae nos digito adtingere nolumus. quaerite et cognoscite labores occupationum nostrarum et in aliquibus nostrorum etiam corporum infirmitates et ecclesiarum, quibus seruimus, talem iam consuetudinem, ut nos ad illa opera, ad quae uos hortamur, uacare non sinant. quamquam enim dicere possumus: quis militat suis stipendiis umquam? quis plantat uineam et de fructu eius non edet? quis pascit gregem et de lacte gregis non percipit? tamen",{"title":19,"searchDepth":20,"depth":20,"links":2949},[2950],{"id":2943,"depth":20,"text":2944},{},"\u002Freadings\u002Ftranscription\u002Faugustine-monks\u002F586",642,{"description":2940},"readings\u002Ftranscription\u002Faugustine-monks\u002F586","4rNdh8uzI98uHHXZz9wz4VCQbKD7VHF8dVpmJ7OmvxY",{"id":2958,"title":2959,"body":2960,"description":2964,"extension":24,"meta":2967,"navigation":29,"page":2959,"path":2968,"pdf_page":2969,"reading":25,"seo":2970,"sortable_pagination_id":2969,"stem":2971,"__hash__":2972},"readingsTranscription\u002Freadings\u002Ftranscription\u002Faugustine-monks\u002F587.md","587",{"type":8,"value":2961,"toc":2965},[2962],[11,2963,2964],{},"dominum Iesum, in cuius nomine securus haec dico, testem inuoco super animam meam, quoniam, quantum ad meum adtinet commodum, multo mallem per singulos dies certis horis, quantum in bene moderatis monasteriis constitutum est, aliquid manibus operari et ceteras horas habere ad legendum et orandum aut aliquid de diuinis litteris agendum liberas, quam tumultuosissimas perplexitates causarum alienarum pati de negotiis saecularibus uel iudicando dirimendis uel interueniendo praecidendis: quibus nos molestiis idem adfixit apostolus non utique suo, sed eius qui per eum loquebatur arbitrio, quas tamen ipsum perpessum fuisse non legimus. aliter enim se habebant apostolatus eius discursus. nec dixit: saecularia igitur iudicia si habueritis, ad nos deferte aut nos constituite ad iudicandum, sed eos, qui contemptibiles sunt in ecclesia, hos, inquit, collocate? ad reuerentiam uobis dico. sic non est inter uos quisquam sapiens, qui possit inter fratrem suum iudicare? sed frater cum fratre iudicatur, et hoc apud infideles? sapientes ergo qui in locis consistebant fideles et sanctos, non qui hac atque hac propter euangelium discurrebant, talium negotiorum examinatores esse uoluit. unde numquam de illo scriptum est, quod aliquando talibus uacuit, a quibus",{"title":19,"searchDepth":20,"depth":20,"links":2966},[],{},"\u002Freadings\u002Ftranscription\u002Faugustine-monks\u002F587",643,{"description":2964},"readings\u002Ftranscription\u002Faugustine-monks\u002F587","9zhO9vQ-CIOKbByIlVgfYKozWaTRR4bATX8XYYGdcKU",{"id":2974,"title":2975,"body":2976,"description":2980,"extension":24,"meta":2983,"navigation":29,"page":2975,"path":2984,"pdf_page":2985,"reading":25,"seo":2986,"sortable_pagination_id":2985,"stem":2987,"__hash__":2988},"readingsTranscription\u002Freadings\u002Ftranscription\u002Faugustine-monks\u002F588.md","588",{"type":8,"value":2977,"toc":2981},[2978],[11,2979,2980],{},"nos excusare non possumus, etiamsi contemptibiles simus, quia et hos conlocari uoluit, si sapientes defuissent, potius quam ut negotia christianorum deferrentur in forum. quem tamen laborem non sine consolatione domini suscipimus pro spe uitae aeternae, ut fructum feramus cum tolerantia. serui enim sumus eius ecclesiae et maxime infirmioribus membris, qualialibet in eodem corpore membra simus. omitto alias innumerabiles ecclesiasticas curas, quas fortasse nemo credit, nisi qui expertus est. non ergo alligamus onera grauia et umeris uestris inponimus, quae nos digito non tangimus, quandoquidem si officii nostri salua ratione possemus — uidet ille, qui probat corda nostra —, mallemus haec agere, quae ut agatis hortamur, quam ea quae nos agere cogimur. sane omnibus et uobis et nobis pro nostro gradu et officio laborantibus et arta uia est in labore et aerumna et tamen in spe gaudentibus iugum eius lene est et sarcina leuis, qui nos uocauit ad requiem, qui prior transitum fecit a conualle plorationis, ubi nec ipse sine pressuris fuit. si fratres, si filii nostri estis, si conserui uel potius in Christo serui uestri sumus, audite quae monemus, agnoscite quae praecipimus, sumite quae dispensamus. si autem pharisaei sumus alligantes onera grauia et inponentes humeris uestris, quae dicimus facite, etiamsi quae facimus inprobatis. nobis autem minimum est, ut a uobis diiudicemur aut ab humano die. quam germana caritate sit nobis cura de uobis, ille inspiciat,",{"title":19,"searchDepth":20,"depth":20,"links":2982},[],{},"\u002Freadings\u002Ftranscription\u002Faugustine-monks\u002F588",644,{"description":2980},"readings\u002Ftranscription\u002Faugustine-monks\u002F588","YvYLbFFJBV6vXoFiR250zRj6vu0V-iUvRCEeTEdPbL8",{"id":2990,"title":2991,"body":2992,"description":2996,"extension":24,"meta":3007,"navigation":29,"page":2991,"path":3008,"pdf_page":3009,"reading":25,"seo":3010,"sortable_pagination_id":3009,"stem":3011,"__hash__":3012},"readingsTranscription\u002Freadings\u002Ftranscription\u002Faugustine-monks\u002F589.md","589",{"type":8,"value":2993,"toc":3004},[2994,2997,3001],[11,2995,2996],{},"qui dedit quod inspiciendum eius oculis offeramus. postremo quod uultis sentite de nobis: Paulus apostolus uobis praecipit et obsecrat in domino, ut cum silentio, id est quieti et oboedienter ordinati, operantes uestrum panem manducetis. nec de illo, ut arbitror, aliquid mali creditis et in illum, qui per eum loquitur, credidistis.",[1761,2998,3000],{"id":2999},"xxx-38","XXX. 38.",[11,3002,3003],{},"Haec, mi carissime et in Christi uisceribus uenerande frater Aureli, quantum donauit ut possem, qui per te mihi iussit ut facerem, de opere monachorum non distuli scribere, maxime curans, ne boni fratres apostolicis praeceptis oboedientes a pigris et inoboedientibus etiam praeuaricatores euangelii dicerentur: ut qui non operantur, saltem illos qui operantur sibi anteponendos esse non dubitent. ceterum quis ferat homines contumaces saluberrimis apostoli monitis resistentes, non sicut infirmiores tolerari, sed sicut sanctiores etiam praedicari, ut monasteria doctrina saniore fundata gemina inlecebra corrumpantur, et dissoluta licentia uacationis et falso nomine sanctitatis? sciant ergo etiam ceteri fratres et filii nostri, qui fauere talibus et huius modi praesumptionem per ignorantiam defendere consuerunt, se potissimum corrigendos, ut illi corrigi possint, non ut infirmentur benefacere. sane in eo, quod seruis dei prompte atque alacriter necessaria subministrant, non solum non reprehendimus, sed etiam suauissime amplectimur, sed ne peruersa misericordia magis eorum futurae uitae noceant quam praesenti subueniant.",{"title":19,"searchDepth":20,"depth":20,"links":3005},[3006],{"id":2999,"depth":20,"text":3000},{},"\u002Freadings\u002Ftranscription\u002Faugustine-monks\u002F589",645,{"description":2996},"readings\u002Ftranscription\u002Faugustine-monks\u002F589","P_ZRfNU_eTl4iGgS2IX56Djv4PwMxvESThadGA7l1z4",{"id":3014,"title":3015,"body":3016,"description":19,"extension":24,"meta":3034,"navigation":29,"page":3015,"path":3035,"pdf_page":3036,"reading":25,"seo":3037,"sortable_pagination_id":3036,"stem":3038,"__hash__":3039},"readingsTranscription\u002Freadings\u002Ftranscription\u002Faugustine-monks\u002F590.md","590",{"type":8,"value":3017,"toc":3031},[3018,3024,3028],[2387,3019,3021],{"start":3020},39,[2391,3022,3023],{},"Minus enim peccatur, si non laudetur peccator in desideriis animae suae et qui iniqua egerit benedicatur.",[1761,3025,3027],{"id":3026},"xxxi","XXXI.",[11,3029,3030],{},"Quid autem iniquius quam uelle sibi obtemperari a minoribus et nolle obtemperare maioribus? apostolo dico, non nobis, in tantum, ut etiam comam nutriant: unde ille nec disputari omnino uoluit dicens: si quis autem uult contentiosus esse, nos talem consuetudinem non habemus neque ecclesiae dei. hoc autem praecipio: ut scilicet non disserentis sollertia requiratur, sed praecipientis auctoritas attendatur. nam et hoc quo pertinet, quaeso, tam aperte contra apostoli praecepta comari? an ita uacandum est, ut nec tonsores operentur? an quia euangelicas uolucres imitari se dicunt, quasi depilari timent, ne uolare non possint? uereor in hoc uitium plura dicere propter quosdam crinitos fratres, quorum praeter hoc multa et paene omnia ueneramur. sed quo magis eos in Christo diligimus, eo sollicitius admonemus. neque enim metuimus, ne humilitas eorum respuat admonitionem nostram, quandoquidem et nos a talibus, ubi forte titubamus aut aberramus, cupimus admoneri. hoc ergo admonemus tam sanctos uiros, ne stultis uanorum argumentationibus moueantur et eos in hac peruersitate imitentur, quibus sunt in ceteris longe dissimiles. illi enim uenalem",{"title":19,"searchDepth":20,"depth":20,"links":3032},[3033],{"id":3026,"depth":20,"text":3027},{},"\u002Freadings\u002Ftranscription\u002Faugustine-monks\u002F590",646,{"description":19},"readings\u002Ftranscription\u002Faugustine-monks\u002F590","iQhBL6tPSN54Lg-7V5ah3I8hfyU27C0_jVLJJ6CeoSA",{"id":3041,"title":3042,"body":3043,"description":3047,"extension":24,"meta":3058,"navigation":29,"page":3042,"path":3059,"pdf_page":3060,"reading":25,"seo":3061,"sortable_pagination_id":3060,"stem":3062,"__hash__":3063},"readingsTranscription\u002Freadings\u002Ftranscription\u002Faugustine-monks\u002F591.md","591",{"type":8,"value":3044,"toc":3055},[3045,3048,3052],[11,3046,3047],{},"circumferentes hypocrisin tinent, ne uilior habeatur tonsa sanctitas quam comata, ut uidelicet qui eos uidet, antiquos illos quos legimus cogitet, Samuelem et ceteros, qui non tondebant. nec cogitant quid intersit inter illud propheticum uelamentum et hanc euangelii reuelationem, de qua dicit apostolus: cum transieris ad Christum, auferetur uelamen. quod enim significat uelamen interpositum inter faciem Moysi et aspectum populi Israhel, hoc significat illis temporibus etiam coma sanctorum. nam idem apostolus etiam comam pro uelamento esse dicit, cuius auctoritate isti urgentur. aperte quippe ait: uir quidem si comatus sit, ignominia est illi. ipsam ignominiam, inquiunt, suscipimus merito peccatorum nostrorum, ad hoc obtendentes simulatae humilitatis umbraculum, ut sub eo proponant uenalem typhum; quasi apostolus superbiam doceat, cum dicit: omnis uir orans aut prophetans uelato capite confundit caput suum, et: uir quidem non debet uelare caput, cum sit imago et gloria dei. qui ergo dicit 'non debet', nescit forte docere humilitatem. sed si hanc ignominiam tempore euangelii, quod erat sacramentum tempore prophetiae, pro humilitate isti appetunt, tondeant et cilicio caput uelent. sed non erit tunc species illa uenalis, quia Samson non cilicio, sed coma uelabatur.",[1761,3049,3051],{"id":3050},"xxxii-40","XXXII. 40.",[11,3053,3054],{},"Iam illud, si dici potest, quam luctuose ridiculum est, quod rursus inuenerunt ad defensionem crinium",{"title":19,"searchDepth":20,"depth":20,"links":3056},[3057],{"id":3050,"depth":20,"text":3051},{},"\u002Freadings\u002Ftranscription\u002Faugustine-monks\u002F591",647,{"description":3047},"readings\u002Ftranscription\u002Faugustine-monks\u002F591","2OneBmzXQCVZ_QTnirZdhGGMkTJwT5s6uLy720J43jw",{"id":3065,"title":3066,"body":3067,"description":3071,"extension":24,"meta":3074,"navigation":29,"page":3066,"path":3075,"pdf_page":3076,"reading":25,"seo":3077,"sortable_pagination_id":3076,"stem":3078,"__hash__":3079},"readingsTranscription\u002Freadings\u002Ftranscription\u002Faugustine-monks\u002F592.md","592",{"type":8,"value":3068,"toc":3072},[3069],[11,3070,3071],{},"suorum. uirum, inquiunt, prohibuit apostolus habere comam; qui autem se ipsos castrauerunt propter regnum caelorum, iam non sunt uiri. o dementiam singularem! merito qui hoc dicit, aduersus sanctae scripturae manifesta praeconia consilio nefandae impietatis armatur et perseuerat in itinere tortuoso et pestiferam doctrinam conatur inducere. quia non est beatus uir qui non abiit in consilio impiorum et in uia peccatorum non stetit et in cathedra pestilentiae non sedit. nam si in lege dei meditaretur die ac nocte, illic inueniret ipsum apostolum Paulum, qui certe summam castitatem professus dicit: uellem autem omnes homines esse sicut me ipsum, et tamen se uirum ostendit non solum ita uiuendo, sed etiam ita loquendo. ait enim: cum essem paruulus, quasi paruulus loquebar, quasi paruulus sapiebam, quasi paruulus cogitabam; cum autem factus sum uir, euacuaui ea quae paruuli erant. sed quid apostolum commemorem, cum de ipso domino et saluatore nostro nesciant quid sentiant, qui haec dicunt. nam de quo alio dicitur: donec occurramus omnes in unitatem fidei et in agnitionem filii dei, in uirum perfectum, in mensuram aetatis plenitudinis Christi, ut ultra non simus paruuli iactati et circumlati omni uento doctrinae in inlusione hominum, in astutia ad",{"title":19,"searchDepth":20,"depth":20,"links":3073},[],{},"\u002Freadings\u002Ftranscription\u002Faugustine-monks\u002F592",648,{"description":3071},"readings\u002Ftranscription\u002Faugustine-monks\u002F592","1Xy5sfJAmthd58UEFhlhzQFrZyvjZG17TiYmv2ftPow",{"id":3081,"title":3082,"body":3083,"description":3087,"extension":24,"meta":3090,"navigation":29,"page":3082,"path":3091,"pdf_page":3092,"reading":25,"seo":3093,"sortable_pagination_id":3092,"stem":3094,"__hash__":3095},"readingsTranscription\u002Freadings\u002Ftranscription\u002Faugustine-monks\u002F593.md","593",{"type":8,"value":3084,"toc":3088},[3085],[11,3086,3087],{},"machinationem erroris? qua inlusione isti decipiunt imperitos, qua astutia et machinamentis inimici et ipsi circumferuntur et in sua circumlatione cohaerentes sibi animos infirmorum quodam modo rotare conantur, ut pariter nesciant ubi sint. audierunt enim uel legerunt quod scriptum est: quicumque in Christo baptizati estis, Christum induistis, ubi non est iudaeus neque graecus, non seruus neque liber, non masculus neque femina, et non intellegunt secundum carnalis sexus concupiscentiam hoc esse dictum, quia in interiore homine, ubi renouamur in nouitate mentis nostrae, nullus sexus huius modi est. non ergo propterea se negent uiros, quia masculino sexu nihil operantur. nam et coniugati christiani, qui hoc operantur, non secundum hoc utique christiani sunt, quod habent commune cum ceteris non christianis et cum ipsis pecoribus. aliud est enim, quod uel infirmitati conceditur uel mortali propagationi persoluitur; aliud autem, quod ad capessendam incorruptam et aeternam uitam fideli professione signatur. illud ergo, quod de non uelando capite uiris praecipitur, in corpore quidem figuratur, sed in mente agitur, ubi est imago et gloria dei. uerba ipsa indicant. uir quidem, inquit, non debet uelare caput, cum sit imago et gloria dei. ubi autem sit haec imago ipse declarat, cum dicit: nolite mentiri inuicem spoliantes uos ueterem hominem cum actibus eius, induite nouum, qui renouatur in agnitione dei secun-",{"title":19,"searchDepth":20,"depth":20,"links":3089},[],{},"\u002Freadings\u002Ftranscription\u002Faugustine-monks\u002F593",649,{"description":3087},"readings\u002Ftranscription\u002Faugustine-monks\u002F593","iwlJttLbitDC8SLAJ9x2UrQ2P3DDjz3FEudTRoi9l5E",{"id":3097,"title":30,"body":3098,"description":3102,"extension":24,"meta":3105,"navigation":29,"page":30,"path":3106,"pdf_page":33,"reading":25,"seo":3107,"sortable_pagination_id":33,"stem":3108,"__hash__":3109},"readingsTranscription\u002Freadings\u002Ftranscription\u002Faugustine-monks\u002F594.md",{"type":8,"value":3099,"toc":3103},[3100],[11,3101,3102],{},"praeceptum apostolicum dimissorum offendunt et perturbant ecclesiam — quia cum alii nolentes de illis mali aliquid sentire coguntur manifesta uerba apostoli in peruersam detorquere sententiam, alii sanum intellectum scripturarum defendere malunt quam quoslibet homines adulare, exsistunt inter fratres infirmiores et firmiores amarissimae et periculosissimae contentiones: quod illi forte si scirent, hoc quoque sine dubitatione corrigerent, quorum cetera miramur et amamus — illos ergo non corripimus, sed rogamus et obsecramus per diuinitatem et humanitatem Christi et per caritatem spiritus sancti, ne ultra iam ponant hoc offendiculum infirmis, pro quibus Christus mortuus est, et dolorem cruciatumque nostri cordis exaggerent, cum cogitamus quanto procliuius hoc malum ad decipiendos homines imitari possint mali, cum in eis hoc uident, quos propter alia tanta bona debitis officiis christianae dilectionis honoramus. quodsi post hanc admonitionem uel potius obsecrationem nostram in eo sibi perseuerandum esse putauerint, nihil aliud faciemus quam dolemus et gemimus. hoc nouerint, sufficit: si serui dei sunt, miserentur; si non miserentur, nolo quicquam grauius dicere. haec itaque omnia, in quibus loquacior fortasse fui, quam uellent occupationes et tuae et meae, si adprobas, fac innotescere fratribus et filiis nostris, propter quos mihi es hoc onus dignatus inponere; si autem aliquid retrahendum uel emendandum uidetur, rescriptis tuae beatitudinis nouerim.",{"title":19,"searchDepth":20,"depth":20,"links":3104},[],{},"\u002Freadings\u002Ftranscription\u002Faugustine-monks\u002F594",{"description":3102},"readings\u002Ftranscription\u002Faugustine-monks\u002F594","KLlfFKOCXcGS8lENRza4BE4BhIPyt6Gs5mxy14zQwm0",[3111,3141,3162,3176,3196,3235,3262,3284,3298,3323,3353,3396,3425,3445,3459,3481,3495,3512,3532,3546,3566,3586,3600,3614,3634,3648,3676,3690,3710,3724,3738,3752,3771,3790,3810,3830,3844,3866,3880,3908,3933,3953,3973,3987,4007,4027,4053,4073,4087,4107,4127,4141,4155,4180,4194,4214,4234,4248,4262,4282,4304,4324,4338,4352],{"id":3112,"title":37,"body":3113,"description":19,"extension":24,"meta":3136,"navigation":29,"page":31,"path":3137,"pdf_page":34,"reading":25,"seo":3138,"sortable_pagination_id":34,"stem":3139,"__hash__":3140},"readingsTranslation\u002Freadings\u002Ftranslation\u002Faugustine-monks\u002F531.md",{"type":8,"value":3114,"toc":3132},[3115,3118,3120,3127,3129],[1757,3116,37],{"id":3117},"on-the-work-of-monks",[1761,3119,1764],{"id":1763},[11,3121,3122,3123,3126],{},"I was bound to comply with your command, holy brother Aurelius, with all the more devotion the more clearly it became evident to me who it was that had commanded through you. For our Lord Jesus Christ, dwelling in your inner self and inspiring in you a solicitude of fatherly and brotherly charity, took up your will and your tongue as instruments of his own work, and through you commanded me to write something to you on this matter — namely, whether that license ought to be permitted to our sons and brothers the monks, who have neglected to obey the blessed apostle Paul when he says: ",[15,3124,3125],{},"he who will not work, let him not eat",". And so he himself is present with me as well, that I may so obey as to understand, through the fruitfulness of profitable labor itself, that my very obedience is a gift from him.",[1761,3128,1771],{"id":1770},[11,3130,3131],{},"First, then, we must consider what those men of that profession say who are unwilling to work; and next, if we find that they are not of right mind,",{"title":19,"searchDepth":20,"depth":20,"links":3133},[3134,3135],{"id":1763,"depth":20,"text":1764},{"id":1770,"depth":20,"text":1771},{},"\u002Freadings\u002Ftranslation\u002Faugustine-monks\u002F531",{"title":37,"description":19},"readings\u002Ftranslation\u002Faugustine-monks\u002F531","TpxCHdzBCeO79J4wus9rx9o7yJwzz2GSqUZ6kTH4bAs",{"id":3142,"title":1786,"body":3143,"description":3156,"extension":24,"meta":3157,"navigation":29,"page":1786,"path":3158,"pdf_page":1796,"reading":25,"seo":3159,"sortable_pagination_id":1796,"stem":3160,"__hash__":3161},"readingsTranslation\u002Freadings\u002Ftranslation\u002Faugustine-monks\u002F532.md",{"type":8,"value":3144,"toc":3154},[3145],[11,3146,3147,3148,3150,3151],{},"we must argue against them for their correction and in fulfillment of the duty of our episcopate. “The apostle,” they say, “when he said ",[15,3149,3125],{},", was not commanding bodily labor of the kind in which farmers or craftsmen toil. For he could not be contrary to the Gospel, where the Lord himself says: ",[15,3152,3153],{},"Therefore I say to you, do not be anxious about your life, what you will eat, nor about your body, what you will put on. Is not life more than food, and the body more than clothing? Look at the birds of the air, for they neither sow nor reap nor gather into barns, and yet your heavenly Father feeds them. Are you not worth much more than they? And which of you by worrying can add a single cubit to his stature? And why are you anxious about clothing? Consider the lilies of the field, how they grow: they neither toil nor spin. Yet I tell you that not even Solomon in all his glory was clothed like one of these. But if God so clothes the grass of the field, which today exists and tomorrow is thrown into the oven, how much more will he clothe you, O you of little faith! Therefore do not be anxious, saying: What shall we eat, or what shall we drink, or what shall we wear? For all these things the Gentiles seek. But your heavenly Father knows that you need all these things. Seek first the kingdom of God and his righ-",{"title":19,"searchDepth":20,"depth":20,"links":3155},[],"we must argue against them for their correction and in fulfillment of the duty of our episcopate. “The apostle,” they say, “when he said he who will not work, let him not eat, was not commanding bodily labor of the kind in which farmers or craftsmen toil. For he could not be contrary to the Gospel, where the Lord himself says: Therefore I say to you, do not be anxious about your life, what you will eat, nor about your body, what you will put on. Is not life more than food, and the body more than clothing? Look at the birds of the air, for they neither sow nor reap nor gather into barns, and yet your heavenly Father feeds them. Are you not worth much more than they? And which of you by worrying can add a single cubit to his stature? And why are you anxious about clothing? Consider the lilies of the field, how they grow: they neither toil nor spin. Yet I tell you that not even Solomon in all his glory was clothed like one of these. But if God so clothes the grass of the field, which today exists and tomorrow is thrown into the oven, how much more will he clothe you, O you of little faith! Therefore do not be anxious, saying: What shall we eat, or what shall we drink, or what shall we wear? For all these things the Gentiles seek. But your heavenly Father knows that you need all these things. Seek first the kingdom of God and his righ-",{},"\u002Freadings\u002Ftranslation\u002Faugustine-monks\u002F532",{"description":3156},"readings\u002Ftranslation\u002Faugustine-monks\u002F532","3925CFXYH1Y3qmbndU56cvczH8tt2AJm5WK1Sd0KssM",{"id":3163,"title":1802,"body":3164,"description":3168,"extension":24,"meta":3171,"navigation":29,"page":1802,"path":3172,"pdf_page":1812,"reading":25,"seo":3173,"sortable_pagination_id":1812,"stem":3174,"__hash__":3175},"readingsTranslation\u002Freadings\u002Ftranslation\u002Faugustine-monks\u002F533.md",{"type":8,"value":3165,"toc":3169},[3166],[11,3167,3168],{},"his righteousness, and all these things shall be added unto you. Be not therefore anxious for the morrow; for the morrow shall be anxious for itself. Sufficient unto the day is the evil thereof.” Behold, they say, here the Lord commands us to be free from care about our food and clothing. How then could the Apostle think contrary to the Lord, so as to command us to be thus anxious about what we eat and drink and wherewith we are clothed — even burdening us with the crafts, cares, and labors of workmen? Therefore, in the words “he who will not work, let him not eat,” we ought, they say, to understand spiritual works — of which it is said elsewhere: “to each one as the Lord has given. I planted, Apollos watered, but God gave the growth,” and a little later: “each one shall receive his own reward according to his own labor. For we are God’s fellow workers; you are God’s field, God’s building. According to the grace given to me, like a wise master builder I laid the foundation.” Just as the Apostle therefore works by planting, watering, building, and laying the foundation, so “he who will not work, let him not eat.” For what does it profit to eat spiritually — that is, to be fed by the word of God — if one does not thereby labor for the edification of others? Just as what did it profit that lazy servant to receive a talent",{"title":19,"searchDepth":20,"depth":20,"links":3170},[],{},"\u002Freadings\u002Ftranslation\u002Faugustine-monks\u002F533",{"description":3168},"readings\u002Ftranslation\u002Faugustine-monks\u002F533","kkI1kJgfRtdzbxx69IxVbinHIzosephJgQ1X-gNPRbU",{"id":3177,"title":1818,"body":3178,"description":3182,"extension":24,"meta":3191,"navigation":29,"page":1818,"path":3192,"pdf_page":1836,"reading":25,"seo":3193,"sortable_pagination_id":1836,"stem":3194,"__hash__":3195},"readingsTranslation\u002Freadings\u002Ftranslation\u002Faugustine-monks\u002F534.md",{"type":8,"value":3179,"toc":3188},[3180,3183,3185],[11,3181,3182],{},"and hide it away rather than laboring for his master’s gain? Was it not that in the end it was taken away from him and he himself was cast into outer darkness? So too, they say, do we: we read with the brethren who come to us weary from the heat of the world, that they may find rest among us in the word of God and in prayers, psalms, hymns, and spiritual canticles. We address them, console them, exhort them, building them up in whatever we discern in their lives to be fitting for their station. If we did not perform such works, we would be receiving even spiritual nourishment from the Lord at our peril; for this is what the Apostle said: “he who will not work, let him not eat.” In this way these men consider themselves to be complying both with the evangelical and the apostolic precept — believing both that the Gospel has commanded them not to be anxious about bodily and temporal need in this present life, and that the Apostle spoke of spiritual work and food when he said: “he who will not work, let him not eat.”",[1761,3184,1827],{"id":1826},[11,3186,3187],{},"And they do not notice that if someone else were to say that the Lord, speaking in parables and figures, had admonished his servants about spiritual food and clothing so that they should not be anxious about them — as he says: “when they drag you before the courts, do not think about what you shall say; for it shall be given you in that hour what you shall say; for it is not you who speak, but the Spirit of your Father who speaks in you” (and this is indeed a word of spiritual wisdom, concerning which he did not wish them to be anxious, promising that nothing",{"title":19,"searchDepth":20,"depth":20,"links":3189},[3190],{"id":1826,"depth":20,"text":1827},{},"\u002Freadings\u002Ftranslation\u002Faugustine-monks\u002F534",{"description":3182},"readings\u002Ftranslation\u002Faugustine-monks\u002F534","85Vkd-BQvNG4hrNukGj_j8cn213si6pf09XZy82WoJQ",{"id":3197,"title":1842,"body":3198,"description":3229,"extension":24,"meta":3230,"navigation":29,"page":1842,"path":3231,"pdf_page":1860,"reading":25,"seo":3232,"sortable_pagination_id":1860,"stem":3233,"__hash__":3234},"readingsTranslation\u002Freadings\u002Ftranslation\u002Faugustine-monks\u002F535.md",{"type":8,"value":3199,"toc":3226},[3200,3221,3223],[11,3201,3202,3203,3205,3206,3209,3210,3213,3214,3216,3217,3220],{},"[continued] be provided to them without anxiety on that score — while the apostle, now speaking more plainly in the apostolic manner, as more properly than figuratively, as is the case with much and nearly everything in the apostolic epistles, had spoken properly of bodily work and food when he said: ",[15,3204,3125],{}," — then that position of theirs would be rendered doubtful to them, unless, by considering the other words of the Lord, they found something whereby they could prove that he had spoken of not being anxious about bodily food and clothing when he said: ",[15,3207,3208],{},"be not anxious about what you shall eat and what you shall drink, and wherewithal you shall be clothed",", as though they noted what he says: ",[15,3211,3212],{},"for after all these things do the Gentiles seek","; for there he shows that he was speaking about those very bodily and temporal things. Thus, if the apostle had said only this on the matter: ",[15,3215,3125],{},", these words could be twisted to another meaning; but since in many other places in his epistles he teaches most openly what he thinks about it, they labor in vain to cast a fog before themselves and others, so that what charity profitably urges they not only refuse to do, but refuse either to understand themselves or to allow others to understand — not fearing what is written: ",[15,3218,3219],{},"he would not understand, that he might do good",".",[1761,3222,1851],{"id":1850},[11,3224,3225],{},"We must therefore first demonstrate that the blessed apostle Paul wished the servants of God to perform bodily works, which would have their end in great spiritual reward, so that by means of [earning] food and clothing for themselves they would be in need of no one, but would provide these things for themselves with their own hands",{"title":19,"searchDepth":20,"depth":20,"links":3227},[3228],{"id":1850,"depth":20,"text":1851},"[continued] be provided to them without anxiety on that score — while the apostle, now speaking more plainly in the apostolic manner, as more properly than figuratively, as is the case with much and nearly everything in the apostolic epistles, had spoken properly of bodily work and food when he said: he who will not work, let him not eat — then that position of theirs would be rendered doubtful to them, unless, by considering the other words of the Lord, they found something whereby they could prove that he had spoken of not being anxious about bodily food and clothing when he said: be not anxious about what you shall eat and what you shall drink, and wherewithal you shall be clothed, as though they noted what he says: for after all these things do the Gentiles seek; for there he shows that he was speaking about those very bodily and temporal things. Thus, if the apostle had said only this on the matter: he who will not work, let him not eat, these words could be twisted to another meaning; but since in many other places in his epistles he teaches most openly what he thinks about it, they labor in vain to cast a fog before themselves and others, so that what charity profitably urges they not only refuse to do, but refuse either to understand themselves or to allow others to understand — not fearing what is written: he would not understand, that he might do good.",{},"\u002Freadings\u002Ftranslation\u002Faugustine-monks\u002F535",{"description":3229},"readings\u002Ftranslation\u002Faugustine-monks\u002F535","1vCFXN5y9F23GXGmFfj24VP0h4LPM_dTJIcW0KXTmzM",{"id":3236,"title":1866,"body":3237,"description":3256,"extension":24,"meta":3257,"navigation":29,"page":1866,"path":3258,"pdf_page":1876,"reading":25,"seo":3259,"sortable_pagination_id":1876,"stem":3260,"__hash__":3261},"readingsTranslation\u002Freadings\u002Ftranslation\u002Faugustine-monks\u002F536.md",{"type":8,"value":3238,"toc":3254},[3239],[11,3240,3241,3242,3245,3246,3249,3250,3253],{},"[continued] provide these things for themselves; and then to show that those evangelical precepts by which some nourish not only their sloth but also their arrogance are not contrary to the apostolic precept and example. Let us therefore see from what occasion the apostle came to say: ",[15,3243,3244],{},"if any man will not work, neither let him eat",", and what he weaves together next, so that from the very context of the passage his meaning may appear made clear. ",[15,3247,3248],{},"We charge you",", he says, ",[15,3251,3252],{},"brethren, in the name of our Lord Jesus Christ, that you withdraw yourselves from every brother who walks disorderly and not according to the tradition which they received from us. For you yourselves know how you ought to imitate us, because we were not disorderly among you, nor did we eat bread from any man for nothing, but in labor and toil we worked day and night, that we might not burden any of you: not because we have not power, but that we might make ourselves a pattern to you, that you should imitate us. For even when we were among you, we charged you this: that if any man will not work, neither let him eat. For we have heard that there are some who walk disorderly among you, doing no work at all, but being busybodies. Now those who are such, we charge and exhort in the Lord Jesus Christ, that working in silence they eat their own bread."," What can be said to this, since, lest it be permitted to interpret this according to one’s own will rather than according to charity, he taught by his own example",{"title":19,"searchDepth":20,"depth":20,"links":3255},[],"[continued] provide these things for themselves; and then to show that those evangelical precepts by which some nourish not only their sloth but also their arrogance are not contrary to the apostolic precept and example. Let us therefore see from what occasion the apostle came to say: if any man will not work, neither let him eat, and what he weaves together next, so that from the very context of the passage his meaning may appear made clear. We charge you, he says, brethren, in the name of our Lord Jesus Christ, that you withdraw yourselves from every brother who walks disorderly and not according to the tradition which they received from us. For you yourselves know how you ought to imitate us, because we were not disorderly among you, nor did we eat bread from any man for nothing, but in labor and toil we worked day and night, that we might not burden any of you: not because we have not power, but that we might make ourselves a pattern to you, that you should imitate us. For even when we were among you, we charged you this: that if any man will not work, neither let him eat. For we have heard that there are some who walk disorderly among you, doing no work at all, but being busybodies. Now those who are such, we charge and exhort in the Lord Jesus Christ, that working in silence they eat their own bread. What can be said to this, since, lest it be permitted to interpret this according to one’s own will rather than according to charity, he taught by his own example",{},"\u002Freadings\u002Ftranslation\u002Faugustine-monks\u002F536",{"description":3256},"readings\u002Ftranslation\u002Faugustine-monks\u002F536","fEiQ3Z8_nVqrFF5etKKkMqu9QFQ1m03aOOUdlSg5ucI",{"id":3263,"title":1882,"body":3264,"description":3268,"extension":24,"meta":3279,"navigation":29,"page":1882,"path":3280,"pdf_page":1900,"reading":25,"seo":3281,"sortable_pagination_id":1900,"stem":3282,"__hash__":3283},"readingsTranslation\u002Freadings\u002Ftranslation\u002Faugustine-monks\u002F537.md",{"type":8,"value":3265,"toc":3276},[3266,3269,3273],[11,3267,3268],{},"What did he command? For the Lord had ordained that he [Paul], as an apostle and preacher of the gospel, as a soldier of Christ, a planter of the vineyard, a shepherd of the flock, should live from the gospel; and yet he himself did not exact the stipend owed to him, so that he might give himself as a model to those who were eager to exact what was not owed to them. As he says to the Corinthians: “Who ever serves as a soldier at his own expense? Who plants a vineyard and does not eat of its fruit? Who tends a flock and does not partake of the milk of the flock?” [1 Corinthians 9:7] Therefore what was owed to him he refused to receive, so that those might be restrained by his example who, not having been ordained in the church in the same way, nevertheless supposed that such things were owed to them. For what does it mean when he says: “nor did we eat bread as a gift from anyone, but in toil and weariness, working night and day, that we might not be a burden to any of you — not because we did not have the right, but so that we might give ourselves to you as a model for you to imitate”? [2 Thessalonians 3:8–9] Let those therefore listen to whom he gave this command — that is, those who do not have the right that he had — to eat, while working only spiritually, bread free from bodily labor — and as he says: “we command and exhort in Christ, that working in silence they eat their own bread,” let them not argue against the plainest words of the apostle, for this too pertains to the silence with which those who work ought to eat their own bread.",[1761,3270,3272],{"id":3271},"iv-5","IV. 5.",[11,3274,3275],{},"I would examine and treat these words still more thoroughly and carefully, were it not that I have other passages from his let-",{"title":19,"searchDepth":20,"depth":20,"links":3277},[3278],{"id":3271,"depth":20,"text":3272},{},"\u002Freadings\u002Ftranslation\u002Faugustine-monks\u002F537",{"description":3268},"readings\u002Ftranslation\u002Faugustine-monks\u002F537","c7ePhtXQ6DS1nQQyahfXccvEmvtdlzShUdu7JSZ7Zx4",{"id":3285,"title":1906,"body":3286,"description":3290,"extension":24,"meta":3293,"navigation":29,"page":1906,"path":3294,"pdf_page":1916,"reading":25,"seo":3295,"sortable_pagination_id":1916,"stem":3296,"__hash__":3297},"readingsTranslation\u002Freadings\u002Ftranslation\u002Faugustine-monks\u002F538.md",{"type":8,"value":3287,"toc":3291},[3288],[11,3289,3290],{},"ters that are far more explicit, by comparison with which these passages too become more clearly manifest — and even if these passages did not exist, those would suffice. For writing to the Corinthians on this same matter he says: “Am I not free? Am I not an apostle? Have I not seen Christ Jesus our Lord? Are you not my work in the Lord? If to others I am not an apostle, yet at least I am to you; for you are the seal of my apostleship in the Lord. My defense to those who question me is this: Do we not have the right to eat and drink? Do we not have the right to take along a sister who is a woman, as the other apostles and the brothers of the Lord and Cephas do?” [1 Corinthians 9:1–5] See how he first shows what is lawful for him and why it is lawful — because he is an apostle. For he began from this point: “Am I not free? Am I not an apostle?” And he proves that he is an apostle by saying: “Have I not seen Christ Jesus our Lord? Are you not my work in the Lord?” Having established this, he shows that what is lawful for the other apostles is lawful for him too — namely, that he should not work with his hands but should live from the gospel, as the Lord ordained — which he demonstrated most openly in what follows; for to this end faithful women who possessed earthly means traveled with them and ministered to them out of their substance, so that they might lack nothing of those things that pertain to the substance of this life.",{"title":19,"searchDepth":20,"depth":20,"links":3292},[],{},"\u002Freadings\u002Ftranslation\u002Faugustine-monks\u002F538",{"description":3290},"readings\u002Ftranslation\u002Faugustine-monks\u002F538","aoWgklHRD_oSxzyrOtg4IO6NWj7QxmOYVlkVtRPcpas",{"id":3299,"title":1922,"body":3300,"description":3317,"extension":24,"meta":3318,"navigation":29,"page":1922,"path":3319,"pdf_page":1940,"reading":25,"seo":3320,"sortable_pagination_id":1940,"stem":3321,"__hash__":3322},"readingsTranslation\u002Freadings\u002Ftranslation\u002Faugustine-monks\u002F539.md",{"type":8,"value":3301,"toc":3314},[3302,3309,3311],[11,3303,3304,3305,3308],{},"of this life. The blessed Paul demonstrates that this was indeed his right, as the other apostles also practiced, but he afterward recalls that he chose not to make use of this right. Certain persons, not understanding this, interpreted the word not as “a sister who is a woman” when he said, ",[15,3306,3307],{},"Have we not the right to take about with us a sister who is a woman?"," — but as “a wife.” They were misled by an ambiguity in the Greek word, since in Greek “wife” and “woman” are expressed by the same term. And yet the apostle had so stated the matter that they ought not to have been misled, for he said not “a woman” alone but “a sister who is a woman,” and not “to lead” but “to take about.” Nevertheless other translators were not misled by this ambiguity, and rendered it “a woman,” not “a wife.”",[1761,3310,1931],{"id":1930},[11,3312,3313],{},"Whoever thinks it was impossible for the apostles to have had women of holy life travel with them wherever they preached the Gospel, in order to minister to them out of their own means the things needful for them, let them hear the Gospel and learn how these women did this very thing following the Lord’s own example. For our Lord, according to his customary mercy, having compassion on the weak, though angels could have ministered to him, also had a money-bag, into which was put the money contributed by his good and faithful followers for their daily needs — a bag he entrusted to Judas, so that we might learn to endure thieves in the church, even if we cannot avoid them. For Judas took for himself what was put in, as is written of him. And the Lord willed that women should follow him to prepare and minister to his needs, showing what",{"title":19,"searchDepth":20,"depth":20,"links":3315},[3316],{"id":1930,"depth":20,"text":1931},"of this life. The blessed Paul demonstrates that this was indeed his right, as the other apostles also practiced, but he afterward recalls that he chose not to make use of this right. Certain persons, not understanding this, interpreted the word not as “a sister who is a woman” when he said, Have we not the right to take about with us a sister who is a woman? — but as “a wife.” They were misled by an ambiguity in the Greek word, since in Greek “wife” and “woman” are expressed by the same term. And yet the apostle had so stated the matter that they ought not to have been misled, for he said not “a woman” alone but “a sister who is a woman,” and not “to lead” but “to take about.” Nevertheless other translators were not misled by this ambiguity, and rendered it “a woman,” not “a wife.”",{},"\u002Freadings\u002Ftranslation\u002Faugustine-monks\u002F539",{"description":3317},"readings\u002Ftranslation\u002Faugustine-monks\u002F539","eiiNLzXQ0UkPck6BzgdQQFWQvZGm1nb7zhzksYACrr4",{"id":3324,"title":1946,"body":3325,"description":3347,"extension":24,"meta":3348,"navigation":29,"page":1946,"path":3349,"pdf_page":1956,"reading":25,"seo":3350,"sortable_pagination_id":1956,"stem":3351,"__hash__":3352},"readingsTranslation\u002Freadings\u002Ftranslation\u002Faugustine-monks\u002F540.md",{"type":8,"value":3326,"toc":3345},[3327],[11,3328,3329,3330,3333,3334,3337,3338,3341,3342],{},"was owed to evangelists and ministers of God as soldiers, by the people of God as [their] provincials; so that if anyone did not wish to make use of what was owed to him — as the apostle Paul did not wish — he would contribute more to the Church by not claiming the stipend due him, but sustaining his daily living from his own labor. For the innkeeper had heard, to whom that wounded man was brought: ",[15,3331,3332],{},"If you spend anything more, I will repay you when I return."," More, therefore, was spent by the apostle Paul, who, as he himself testifies, served at his own expense. For it is written in the Gospel: ",[15,3335,3336],{},"And he himself continued journeying through city and village, preaching and announcing the kingdom of God, and the twelve with him, and certain women who had been healed of evil spirits and infirmities: Mary called Magdalene, from whom seven demons had gone out, and Joanna the wife of Chuza, Herod’s steward, and Susanna, and many others, who ministered to them out of their means."," The apostles imitated this example of the Lord in receiving the food due them — concerning which the same Lord speaks most plainly. ",[15,3339,3340],{},"Go,"," he says, ",[15,3343,3344],{},"preach, saying that the kingdom has drawn near —",{"title":19,"searchDepth":20,"depth":20,"links":3346},[],"was owed to evangelists and ministers of God as soldiers, by the people of God as [their] provincials; so that if anyone did not wish to make use of what was owed to him — as the apostle Paul did not wish — he would contribute more to the Church by not claiming the stipend due him, but sustaining his daily living from his own labor. For the innkeeper had heard, to whom that wounded man was brought: If you spend anything more, I will repay you when I return. More, therefore, was spent by the apostle Paul, who, as he himself testifies, served at his own expense. For it is written in the Gospel: And he himself continued journeying through city and village, preaching and announcing the kingdom of God, and the twelve with him, and certain women who had been healed of evil spirits and infirmities: Mary called Magdalene, from whom seven demons had gone out, and Joanna the wife of Chuza, Herod’s steward, and Susanna, and many others, who ministered to them out of their means. The apostles imitated this example of the Lord in receiving the food due them — concerning which the same Lord speaks most plainly. Go, he says, preach, saying that the kingdom has drawn near —",{},"\u002Freadings\u002Ftranslation\u002Faugustine-monks\u002F540",{"description":3347},"readings\u002Ftranslation\u002Faugustine-monks\u002F540","qvoEFiFw5NmAtxIkjaQlGac5937EIjMavvTK_EhDVu0",{"id":3354,"title":1962,"body":3355,"description":3390,"extension":24,"meta":3391,"navigation":29,"page":1962,"path":3392,"pdf_page":1980,"reading":25,"seo":3393,"sortable_pagination_id":1980,"stem":3394,"__hash__":3395},"readingsTranslation\u002Freadings\u002Ftranslation\u002Faugustine-monks\u002F541.md",{"type":8,"value":3356,"toc":3387},[3357,3363,3365],[11,3358,3359,3360],{},"[the Apostle] would be making use of what was permitted to him by the Lord’s appointment; but if anyone chose not to, he would not be acting against a commandment, but would be withdrawing from his own right, living in the gospel with greater mercy and greater toil — in which gospel he also chose not to receive the wages owed to him. Otherwise the Apostle would have acted against the Lord’s commandment, since, after showing that it was lawful for him, he immediately added: ",[15,3361,3362],{},"Yet I have not used this power.",[1761,3364,1971],{"id":1970},[11,3366,3367,3368,3249,3371,3374,3375,3378,3379,3382,3383,3386],{},"But let us return to the sequence of the text and consider carefully the whole passage of that letter. ",[15,3369,3370],{},"Have we not",[15,3372,3373],{},"the liberty to eat and to drink? Have we not the liberty to lead about a believing wife?"," What liberty did he mean, if not the one that the Lord gave to those whom he sent to preach the kingdom of heaven, saying, ",[15,3376,3377],{},"eat such things as are set before you; for the laborer is worthy of his hire"," — and himself setting the same example, the most faithful women ministered to them from their own resources, supplying such necessities? Moreover, the Apostle Paul went further, so as to adduce his fellow apostles as evidence of this liberty permitted by the Lord. For it was not by way of reproach that he added: ",[15,3380,3381],{},"as do the other apostles, and the brethren of the Lord, and Cephas"," — but in order to show thereby that he had been unwilling to accept what was proven to be lawfully his to accept by the practice of his fellow soldiers as well. ",[15,3384,3385],{},"Or is it only I and Barnabas who have not the power of not working?"," Behold, he has removed all",{"title":19,"searchDepth":20,"depth":20,"links":3388},[3389],{"id":1970,"depth":20,"text":1971},"[the Apostle] would be making use of what was permitted to him by the Lord’s appointment; but if anyone chose not to, he would not be acting against a commandment, but would be withdrawing from his own right, living in the gospel with greater mercy and greater toil — in which gospel he also chose not to receive the wages owed to him. Otherwise the Apostle would have acted against the Lord’s commandment, since, after showing that it was lawful for him, he immediately added: Yet I have not used this power.",{},"\u002Freadings\u002Ftranslation\u002Faugustine-monks\u002F541",{"description":3390},"readings\u002Ftranslation\u002Faugustine-monks\u002F541","Cmm95VSV6kerVSl0XZTmOLJGKKhV96IACUs_oHPdb14",{"id":3397,"title":1986,"body":3398,"description":3419,"extension":24,"meta":3420,"navigation":29,"page":1986,"path":3421,"pdf_page":1996,"reading":25,"seo":3422,"sortable_pagination_id":1996,"stem":3423,"__hash__":3424},"readingsTranslation\u002Freadings\u002Ftranslation\u002Faugustine-monks\u002F542.md",{"type":8,"value":3399,"toc":3417},[3400],[11,3401,3402,3403,3406,3407,3409,3410,3413,3414],{},"doubt even from the slowest minds, so that they may understand what kind of work he is speaking of. For why did he say: ",[15,3404,3405],{},"or is it only I and Barnabas who have not the power of not working?"," — if not because all evangelists and ministers of the word of God had received power from the Lord not to work with their hands, but to live from the gospel, laboring only in spiritual works in the preaching of the kingdom of heaven and the building up of the peace of the church? For no one can say that the Apostle meant by “spiritual labor” the phrase: ",[15,3408,3405],{}," For all those men had this power of not working [in the bodily sense]. Let him therefore speak up — whoever attempts to corrupt and pervert the apostolic precepts to his own opinion — let him speak up, if he dares, [and say] that all the evangelists received from the Lord the power of not evangelizing. But if it is the most absurd and most senseless thing to say this, why are they unwilling to understand what is plain to all: namely, that those men received the power of not working — but of not working with the body, by which they would seek their livelihood — because ",[15,3411,3412],{},"the laborer is worthy of his food and his hire",", as the gospel says? Therefore it was not Paul and Barnabas alone who had no power of not working; rather, all alike had this power, which those two were not using, giving more lavishly to the church, as they judged fitting for the benefit of the weak in the places where they were evangelizing. And therefore, lest he should appear to have reproached his fellow apostles, he adds and says: ",[15,3415,3416],{},"who ever serves as a soldier at his own expense?",{"title":19,"searchDepth":20,"depth":20,"links":3418},[],"doubt even from the slowest minds, so that they may understand what kind of work he is speaking of. For why did he say: or is it only I and Barnabas who have not the power of not working? — if not because all evangelists and ministers of the word of God had received power from the Lord not to work with their hands, but to live from the gospel, laboring only in spiritual works in the preaching of the kingdom of heaven and the building up of the peace of the church? For no one can say that the Apostle meant by “spiritual labor” the phrase: or is it only I and Barnabas who have not the power of not working? For all those men had this power of not working [in the bodily sense]. Let him therefore speak up — whoever attempts to corrupt and pervert the apostolic precepts to his own opinion — let him speak up, if he dares, [and say] that all the evangelists received from the Lord the power of not evangelizing. But if it is the most absurd and most senseless thing to say this, why are they unwilling to understand what is plain to all: namely, that those men received the power of not working — but of not working with the body, by which they would seek their livelihood — because the laborer is worthy of his food and his hire, as the gospel says? Therefore it was not Paul and Barnabas alone who had no power of not working; rather, all alike had this power, which those two were not using, giving more lavishly to the church, as they judged fitting for the benefit of the weak in the places where they were evangelizing. And therefore, lest he should appear to have reproached his fellow apostles, he adds and says: who ever serves as a soldier at his own expense?",{},"\u002Freadings\u002Ftranslation\u002Faugustine-monks\u002F542",{"description":3419},"readings\u002Ftranslation\u002Faugustine-monks\u002F542","qeBJqF0q8mG2WOwjoydtACZFJ0UqNy12cG3LpaVD4HI",{"id":3426,"title":2002,"body":3427,"description":3431,"extension":24,"meta":3440,"navigation":29,"page":2002,"path":3441,"pdf_page":2020,"reading":25,"seo":3442,"sortable_pagination_id":2020,"stem":3443,"__hash__":3444},"readingsTranslation\u002Freadings\u002Ftranslation\u002Faugustine-monks\u002F543.md",{"type":8,"value":3428,"toc":3437},[3429,3432,3434],[11,3430,3431],{},"ever? Who plants a vineyard and does not eat of its fruit? Who tends a flock and does not drink of the milk of the flock? Do I say these things on human authority? Does not the law say the same? For in the law of Moses it is written: You shall not muzzle an ox when it is treading out the grain. Is it for oxen that God is concerned? Or does he say it entirely for our sake? It was written for our sake, because the plowman should plow in hope and the thresher thresh in hope of a share. By these words the apostle Paul makes sufficiently clear that his fellow apostles had not presumed upon anything beyond what was owed them, because they did not work with their hands to obtain the necessities of life; rather, just as the Lord had ordained, they lived from the gospel and ate free bread from those to whom they preached free grace. For they received their wages like soldiers, and freely gathered from the fruit of the vineyard they had planted whatever they needed; they drank the milk of the flock they tended; and they took their food from the threshing floor they worked.",[1761,3433,2011],{"id":2010},[11,3435,3436],{},"He then connects the rest more plainly and removes all the windings of doubt entirely. “If,” he says, “we have sown spiritual things among you, is it a great matter if we reap your material things?” What are the spiritual things he sowed, if not the word and the ministry of the sacrament of the kingdom of heaven? And what are the material things he says it is lawful for him to reap, if not these temporal goods granted to sustain the needs of the flesh? He makes clear, however, that he has not sought or received from them these things that were owed him, lest he give any hindrance",{"title":19,"searchDepth":20,"depth":20,"links":3438},[3439],{"id":2010,"depth":20,"text":2011},{},"\u002Freadings\u002Ftranslation\u002Faugustine-monks\u002F543",{"description":3431},"readings\u002Ftranslation\u002Faugustine-monks\u002F543","c3XnCd0lvtwR5qDOSmF-UqiUm0Y5O3y4esvzjqQ1WJc",{"id":3446,"title":2026,"body":3447,"description":3451,"extension":24,"meta":3454,"navigation":29,"page":2026,"path":3455,"pdf_page":2036,"reading":25,"seo":3456,"sortable_pagination_id":2036,"stem":3457,"__hash__":3458},"readingsTranslation\u002Freadings\u002Ftranslation\u002Faugustine-monks\u002F544.md",{"type":8,"value":3448,"toc":3452},[3449],[11,3450,3451],{},"to the gospel of Christ. What remains, then, for us to understand by his working for his livelihood, if not bodily labor with his own visible hands? For if he sought food and clothing through spiritual labor — that is, by receiving these things from those whom he was building up through the gospel — he would not logically go on to say: “If others share in the right over you, do we not [have it] even more? But we have endured all things, lest we give any hindrance to the gospel of Christ.” What is the right he says he did not use, if not the right he held over them, received from the Lord, to reap their material goods for the sustenance of this life lived in the flesh? Others also shared in this same right — those who had not first proclaimed the gospel to them, but came later to preach the same gospel to their church. And so, after having said, “If we have sown spiritual things among you, is it a great matter if we reap your material things?” he added: “If others share in the right over you, do we not [have it] even more?” And after demonstrating what right belonged to them, he says: “But we have not used this right; rather, we have endured all things, lest we give any hindrance to the gospel of Christ.” Let these men therefore say how the apostle obtained material sustenance from spiritual labor, when he himself plainly declares that he did not use this right. But if from spiritual labor",{"title":19,"searchDepth":20,"depth":20,"links":3453},[],{},"\u002Freadings\u002Ftranslation\u002Faugustine-monks\u002F544",{"description":3451},"readings\u002Ftranslation\u002Faugustine-monks\u002F544","DPcB1CmZWR-7L89oXMcZ4FwwS-BUReypLxcP6pi2ibY",{"id":3460,"title":2042,"body":3461,"description":3465,"extension":24,"meta":3476,"navigation":29,"page":2042,"path":3477,"pdf_page":2060,"reading":25,"seo":3478,"sortable_pagination_id":2060,"stem":3479,"__hash__":3480},"readingsTranslation\u002Freadings\u002Ftranslation\u002Faugustine-monks\u002F545.md",{"type":8,"value":3462,"toc":3473},[3463,3466,3470],[11,3464,3465],{},"he did not have bodily sustenance from spiritual labor, it remains that he had it from bodily labor, and that he says accordingly: “nor did we eat bread as a gift from anyone, but in toil and weariness, working night and day, that we might not be a burden to any of you — not because we did not have the right, but so that we might give ourselves to you as a model for you to imitate.” [2 Thessalonians 3:8–9] “We endure all things,” he says, “lest we give any hindrance to the gospel of Christ.” [1 Corinthians 9:12]",[1761,3467,3469],{"id":3468},"ix-10","IX. 10.",[11,3471,3472],{},"And he returns again and in every way commends, over and over, what is lawful for him and yet what he does not do. “Do you not know,” he says, “that those who work in the temple eat what belongs to the temple? That those who serve at the altar share in the altar? So also the Lord ordained that those who proclaim the gospel should live from the gospel. But I have made use of none of these things.” [1 Corinthians 9:13–15] What is plainer than this? What is clearer? I am afraid that perhaps, when in my discourse I try to expound it, I may obscure what shines and cries out by itself. For those who do not understand these words, or who pretend not to understand them, understand my words far less, or at least confess that they do not understand them — unless perhaps they quickly understand mine because they are permitted to mock them, whereas the same license is not permitted with the words of the apostle. And so, when they cannot interpret them otherwise according to their own opinion, even things clear and",{"title":19,"searchDepth":20,"depth":20,"links":3474},[3475],{"id":3468,"depth":20,"text":3469},{},"\u002Freadings\u002Ftranslation\u002Faugustine-monks\u002F545",{"description":3465},"readings\u002Ftranslation\u002Faugustine-monks\u002F545","StpC43hPY7mGPKlNj3qiS13raHBQNrZ6Nuxj1t2KtN8",{"id":3482,"title":2066,"body":3483,"description":3487,"extension":24,"meta":3490,"navigation":29,"page":2066,"path":3491,"pdf_page":2076,"reading":25,"seo":3492,"sortable_pagination_id":2076,"stem":3493,"__hash__":3494},"readingsTranslation\u002Freadings\u002Ftranslation\u002Faugustine-monks\u002F546.md",{"type":8,"value":3484,"toc":3488},[3485],[11,3486,3487],{},"manifest they declare to be obscure and uncertain, because they dare not declare them corrupt and perverse. The man of God cries out: “The Lord ordained that those who proclaim the gospel should live from the gospel; but I have made use of none of these things” [1 Corinthians 9:14–15] — and yet flesh and blood strives to distort what is straight, to close what is open, to cloud what is serene. “He was performing spiritual labor,” they say, “and lived from it.” If that is so, he was living from the gospel. Why then does he say: “The Lord ordained that those who proclaim the gospel should live from the gospel; but I have made use of none of these things”? Or if they wish to interpret even the word “live” as used here according to the spiritual life, then the apostle had no hope toward God, he who was not living from the gospel, because he said: “I have made use of none of these things.” Accordingly, that he might have sure hope of eternal life, the apostle was certainly living from the gospel spiritually. What he then says — “but I have made use of none of these things” — refers without doubt to this present life, which is lived in the flesh, and makes plain what he said the Lord had ordained for those who proclaim the gospel: to live from the gospel — that is, to conduct this present life, which requires food and clothing, from the gospel — just as he said above concerning his fellow apostles; whence the Lord himself says: “The laborer is worthy of his food” [Matthew 10:10] and “The laborer is worthy of his wages.” [Luke 10:7] This food and this wage, then — owed to the evangelists by those to whom he proclaimed the gospel for the sustaining of this present life — the apostle did not receive, saying: “but I have made use of none of these things.”",{"title":19,"searchDepth":20,"depth":20,"links":3489},[],{},"\u002Freadings\u002Ftranslation\u002Faugustine-monks\u002F546",{"description":3487},"readings\u002Ftranslation\u002Faugustine-monks\u002F546","3KCHwZM2rYVFGIpVqwzrXKCkwag0R33pnU5BrtnnGFs",{"id":3496,"title":2082,"body":3497,"description":19,"extension":24,"meta":3507,"navigation":29,"page":2082,"path":3508,"pdf_page":2097,"reading":25,"seo":3509,"sortable_pagination_id":2097,"stem":3510,"__hash__":3511},"readingsTranslation\u002Freadings\u002Ftranslation\u002Faugustine-monks\u002F547.md",{"type":8,"value":3498,"toc":3504},[3499,3501],[1761,3500,2088],{"id":2087},[11,3502,3503],{},"He continues and adds, lest anyone suppose that he had not received [support] because they had not given it: “But I have not written these things that it should be so done for me; for it is better for me to die than that anyone should make my glory void.” [1 Corinthians 9:15] What glory? Surely the glory he wished to have before God, suffering with the weak in Christ, as he is about to state most plainly in a moment. “For if I preach the gospel,” he says, “it is no glory to me; for necessity is laid upon me” — that is, the necessity of sustaining this present life. “For woe to me if I do not preach the gospel” [1 Corinthians 9:16] — that is, it will be to my harm if I do not preach the gospel, for I shall be tormented by hunger and shall have nothing to live on. For he continues and says: “For if I do this willingly, I have a reward.” [1 Corinthians 9:17] He says he acts willingly — without being compelled by any necessity of sustaining this present life he acts [thus], and for this reason has a reward, namely the reward of eternal glory before God. “But if against my will, a stewardship is entrusted to me” [1 Corinthians 9:17] — that is, if compelled against my will by the necessity of maintaining this present life I preach the gospel, a stewardship is entrusted to me, so that through my stewardship — because I preach Christ, because I preach the truth, though doing so on occasion, though seeking my own [advantage], though driven by the necessity of earthly gain — others may profit, while I have no glorious and eternal reward before God.",{"title":19,"searchDepth":20,"depth":20,"links":3505},[3506],{"id":2087,"depth":20,"text":2088},{},"\u002Freadings\u002Ftranslation\u002Faugustine-monks\u002F547",{"description":19},"readings\u002Ftranslation\u002Faugustine-monks\u002F547","h1DpQw5DMsnCgSdk8i4u9axAgDX54VrfQx2GYNnEBoA",{"id":3513,"title":2103,"body":3514,"description":3518,"extension":24,"meta":3527,"navigation":29,"page":2103,"path":3528,"pdf_page":680,"reading":25,"seo":3529,"sortable_pagination_id":680,"stem":3530,"__hash__":3531},"readingsTranslation\u002Freadings\u002Ftranslation\u002Faugustine-monks\u002F548.md",{"type":8,"value":3515,"toc":3524},[3516,3519,3521],[11,3517,3518],{},"have. “What therefore is my reward?” he asks — this is said as a question, and so the delivery must be suspended until he answers. That we may understand this more easily, let us as it were put the question to him ourselves: What therefore will your reward be, O apostle, when you do not receive that earthly recompense which, even though it is owed to good evangelists who do not preach the gospel for that reason, nevertheless follows and is offered [to them] by the Lord’s ordinance? What therefore will your reward be? See what he answers: “That preaching the gospel, I may make the gospel free of charge” [1 Corinthians 9:18] — that is, so that the gospel may not be costly to believers, lest they think the gospel is preached to them in order that the evangelists may appear, as it were, to sell it. And yet he returns again and again to show what is his right under the Lord’s ordinance and what he himself does not do: “that I may not,” he says, “abuse my power in the gospel.” [1 Corinthians 9:18]",[1761,3520,2112],{"id":2111},[11,3522,3523],{},"Now because he did this by sharing in the weakness of men, let us hear what follows. “For though I am free from all,” he says, “I have made myself the servant of all, that I might gain the more: to those under the law, as under the law, though I myself am not under the law, that I might gain those who were under the law; to those without the law, as without the law, though I am not without the law of God but am in the law of Christ, that I might gain those without the law.” [1 Corinthians 9:19–21]",{"title":19,"searchDepth":20,"depth":20,"links":3525},[3526],{"id":2111,"depth":20,"text":2112},{},"\u002Freadings\u002Ftranslation\u002Faugustine-monks\u002F548",{"description":3518},"readings\u002Ftranslation\u002Faugustine-monks\u002F548","k4mwbUHQg6SorKSXM8bwdnfV6FziXcoPoixTNPlecpU",{"id":3533,"title":2126,"body":3534,"description":3538,"extension":24,"meta":3541,"navigation":29,"page":2126,"path":3542,"pdf_page":2136,"reading":25,"seo":3543,"sortable_pagination_id":2136,"stem":3544,"__hash__":3545},"readingsTranslation\u002Freadings\u002Ftranslation\u002Faugustine-monks\u002F549.md",{"type":8,"value":3535,"toc":3539},[3536],[11,3537,3538],{},"lation by cunning deception, but by the mercy of compassion — that is, he did not pretend to be a Jew, as some have supposed, because he observed the old legal rites in Jerusalem. For he did this in accordance with his own clear and explicit position, in which he says: “Was anyone called while circumcised? Let him not draw back” [1 Corinthians 7:18] — that is, let him not live as though he had brought back the foreskin and covered what had been exposed — just as he says elsewhere: “Your circumcision has become uncircumcision.” [Romans 2:25] In accordance with this same position, in which he says: “Was anyone called in uncircumcision? Let him not be circumcised,” [1 Corinthians 7:18] he performed those acts which, to those who did not understand and paid too little attention, he was thought to have performed in pretense. For he was a Jew and had been called as a circumcised man; he did not wish to draw back — that is, he did not wish to live as though he were not circumcised. For this was now within his power. And he was not under the law as those were who performed it in servile fashion, yet he was nonetheless in the law of God and of Christ. For that law was not one thing and the law of God another, as the accursed Manicheans are accustomed to say. Otherwise, if when he did those things he must be thought to have pretended, then he also pretended to be a pagan and sacrificed to idols — because he says he had become to those without the law as without the law, by whom he certainly means none other than the Gentiles, whom we call pagans. There is therefore a difference between being under the law, being in the law, and being without the law. Under the law are the carnal Jews; in the law are the spiritual — both Jews and Christians — whence those",{"title":19,"searchDepth":20,"depth":20,"links":3540},[],{},"\u002Freadings\u002Ftranslation\u002Faugustine-monks\u002F549",{"description":3538},"readings\u002Ftranslation\u002Faugustine-monks\u002F549","fW1g1l_kSOZTwq2VeOLQxLjQ_4Q6RT_PDM2_ZY0DVME",{"id":3547,"title":2142,"body":3548,"description":3552,"extension":24,"meta":3561,"navigation":29,"page":2142,"path":3562,"pdf_page":2160,"reading":25,"seo":3563,"sortable_pagination_id":2160,"stem":3564,"__hash__":3565},"readingsTranslation\u002Freadings\u002Ftranslation\u002Faugustine-monks\u002F550.md",{"type":8,"value":3549,"toc":3558},[3550,3553,3555],[11,3551,3552],{},"observed that ancestral custom but did not impose unaccustomed burdens upon the Gentiles who had come to believe; and for that reason those [Jewish Christians] were also circumcised. Without the law, however, are the Gentiles who had not yet believed, to whom nonetheless the apostle testifies that he conformed himself through merciful compassion, not through chameleon-like dissimulation — that is, so as to come to the aid of the carnal Jew or pagan in the same way that he himself, were he in that condition, would have wished to be helped: bearing their weakness in the likeness of compassion, not deceiving them in the fabrication of a lie. As what immediately follows says: “I became weak with the weak, that I might win the weak.” [1 Corinthians 9:22] For he spoke from this perspective so as to say all those other things as well. Just as, then, the fact that he became weak with the weak was no lie, so too with all those other things said above. For what does he call his weakness toward the weak if not compassion for them to such a degree that, lest he should appear to be a peddler of the gospel and thereby impede the course of the word of God by falling into ill suspicion among the inexperienced, he was unwilling to receive what was owed him by the Lord’s ordinance? If he had wished to receive it, he would not have lied, because it was truly owed; and because he was unwilling, he did not lie. For he did not say it was not owed to him; rather, he showed that it was owed, and professed that he had not made use of what was owed nor ever intended to make use of it — thereby made weak by the very fact that he was unwilling to exercise his authority, clothed as he was in so merciful an affection that he considered how he would wish to be treated if he himself were so weakened that he might be tempted to suspect those through whom the gospel was being preached to him, if he saw them accepting expenses, of running a marketplace of merchandise.",[1761,3554,2151],{"id":2150},[11,3556,3557],{},"Concerning this weakness of his, he speaks elsewhere: “We became",{"title":19,"searchDepth":20,"depth":20,"links":3559},[3560],{"id":2150,"depth":20,"text":2151},{},"\u002Freadings\u002Ftranslation\u002Faugustine-monks\u002F550",{"description":3552},"readings\u002Ftranslation\u002Faugustine-monks\u002F550","a7RCiyQMwEPivsvceV1jBfWAA9GsI7SuMFKu97HETSw",{"id":3567,"title":2166,"body":3568,"description":3572,"extension":24,"meta":3581,"navigation":29,"page":2166,"path":3582,"pdf_page":2182,"reading":25,"seo":3583,"sortable_pagination_id":2182,"stem":3584,"__hash__":3585},"readingsTranslation\u002Freadings\u002Ftranslation\u002Faugustine-monks\u002F551.md",{"type":8,"value":3569,"toc":3578},[3570,3573,3575],[11,3571,3572],{},"they kept that ancestral custom, but they did not impose unaccustomed burdens upon the Gentiles who had come to believe; and so those were also circumcised. The Gentiles without the law, however, who had not yet believed — those to whom the apostle nevertheless testifies that he accommodated himself through compassionate sympathy, not through a chameleon-like dissimulation — that is, in order that he might assist the fleshly Jew or pagan in the same way he himself, were he in that condition, would have wished to be assisted: bearing their weakness in the likeness of compassion, not deceiving them in the fabrication of a lie, as what immediately follows shows when he says: “I became weak with the weak, that I might win the weak.” [1 Corinthians 9:22] For he spoke from that principle in order to say all those other things as well. Just as, therefore, what he says — that he became weak with the weak — was not a lie, so too all the rest above. For what is the weakness he says he had toward the weak, if not a sympathy with them so great that, lest he appear a peddler of the gospel and thereby hinder the course of the word of God by bringing it under bad suspicion among the inexperienced, he refused to receive what was owed him by the Lord’s own ordinance? Had he wished to receive it, he would not have been lying, because it was truly owed; and because he refused, he was not lying. For he did not say it was not owed to him; rather, he showed that it was owed, and declared that he had not made use of what was owed nor intended to make use of it at all — becoming weak in the very act by which he refused to exercise his own right, clothed, of course, in so merciful an affection that he reflected on how he would wish to be treated, were he himself so weakened as to be able to suspect, of those through whom the gospel was being preached to him, that if he saw them accepting expenses, they were running a market fair of merchandise.",[1761,3574,2151],{"id":2150},[11,3576,3577],{},"Of this his weakness he speaks in another place: “We became",{"title":19,"searchDepth":20,"depth":20,"links":3579},[3580],{"id":2150,"depth":20,"text":2151},{},"\u002Freadings\u002Ftranslation\u002Faugustine-monks\u002F551",{"description":3572},"readings\u002Ftranslation\u002Faugustine-monks\u002F551","kc7L5VkuTSXPgaq9PpuurCQHKnIx6nrR9o4jhOCwYT0",{"id":3587,"title":2188,"body":3588,"description":3592,"extension":24,"meta":3595,"navigation":29,"page":2188,"path":3596,"pdf_page":2198,"reading":25,"seo":3597,"sortable_pagination_id":2198,"stem":3598,"__hash__":3599},"readingsTranslation\u002Freadings\u002Ftranslation\u002Faugustine-monks\u002F552.md",{"type":8,"value":3589,"toc":3593},[3590],[11,3591,3592],{},"little children in your midst, as a nurse cherishes her children.” For the surrounding context of the passage indicates this. “For,” he says, “we were never using words of flattery, as you know, nor under a pretext of greed — God is our witness — nor seeking glory from men, either from you or from others, though we might have been a burden to you as apostles of Christ; but we became little children in your midst, as a nurse cherishes her children.” [1 Thessalonians 2:5–7] What therefore he says to the Corinthians — that he has the right of his apostleship, as do the other apostles, a right which he testifies he has not exercised — this he also says in that same passage to the Thessalonians: “though we might have been a burden to you as apostles of Christ,” according to what the Lord says: “The laborer is worthy of his wage.” [Luke 10:7] For what he set above indicates that he speaks from this principle: “nor with a pretext of greed — God is our witness.” For it was through this right — owed by the Lord’s ordinance to good evangelists who preach not for the sake of this, but as those seeking the kingdom of God, so that all these things might be added to them — that others were finding occasion to exploit, of whom he likewise says: “for such men do not serve God but their own belly.” [Romans 16:18] It was this occasion that the apostle wished to cut off, going so far as to forgo even what was justly owed to himself. He shows this plainly himself in the second letter to the Corinthians, saying that his needs were supplied by other churches. For he had come, as appears from the context, to such want that necessities were being sent to him from distant churches, provided, however, that he received nothing of the kind from those among whom",{"title":19,"searchDepth":20,"depth":20,"links":3594},[],{},"\u002Freadings\u002Ftranslation\u002Faugustine-monks\u002F552",{"description":3592},"readings\u002Ftranslation\u002Faugustine-monks\u002F552","cfxg-Gs9BxWdJrv_x7rLnnl8uLe2gituKPmfnTetjLg",{"id":3601,"title":2204,"body":3602,"description":3606,"extension":24,"meta":3609,"navigation":29,"page":2204,"path":3610,"pdf_page":2214,"reading":25,"seo":3611,"sortable_pagination_id":2214,"stem":3612,"__hash__":3613},"readingsTranslation\u002Freadings\u002Ftranslation\u002Faugustine-monks\u002F553.md",{"type":8,"value":3603,"toc":3607},[3604],[11,3605,3606],{},"“Did I commit a sin in humbling myself, that you might be exalted, because I preached the gospel of God to you free of charge? I robbed other churches, accepting payment for ministry to you; and when I was present with you and in need, I was not a burden to anyone. For the brothers who came from Macedonia supplied what I lacked, and in every way I have kept myself, and will keep myself, from being a burden to you. The truth of Christ is in me — this boast shall not be broken in me in the regions of Achaia. Why? Because I do not love you? God knows. But what I do and will continue to do, I do in order to cut off the opportunity of those who desire an opportunity, so that in what they boast of, they may be found just as we are.” It is this opportunity, then — the one he says here that he wishes to cut off — that he wished to be understood by what he said there: “nor under a pretext of greed, God is my witness.” And what he said here — “in humbling myself, that you might be exalted” — corresponds to what he says in the First [letter] to those same Corinthians: “I became weak to the weak,” and to the Thessalonians: “I became a little child in your midst, as a nurse cherishes her own children.” Therefore pay attention to what follows. He says: “so, longing for you, it seemed good to us to share with you not only the gospel of God, but also our very souls,",{"title":19,"searchDepth":20,"depth":20,"links":3608},[],{},"\u002Freadings\u002Ftranslation\u002Faugustine-monks\u002F553",{"description":3606},"readings\u002Ftranslation\u002Faugustine-monks\u002F553","PmZ0qNyVc6o82gzeAaQzTjrXc5z3wj70j3RV0asVmWg",{"id":3615,"title":2220,"body":3616,"description":3620,"extension":24,"meta":3629,"navigation":29,"page":2220,"path":3630,"pdf_page":2238,"reading":25,"seo":3631,"sortable_pagination_id":2238,"stem":3632,"__hash__":3633},"readingsTranslation\u002Freadings\u002Ftranslation\u002Faugustine-monks\u002F554.md",{"type":8,"value":3617,"toc":3626},[3618,3621,3623],[11,3619,3620],{},"because you had become very dear to us. For you recall, brothers, our labor and toil — working night and day so that we might not burden any of you.” This, then, is what he said earlier: “though we might have been a burden to you as apostles of Christ.” For, shaken to the depths as by a father’s and mother’s affections at the peril of the weak — lest, disturbed by false suspicions, they should come to hate the gospel as something for sale — he did this. He speaks in the same way in the Acts of the Apostles as well, when, sending from Miletus to Ephesus, he had summoned the elders of the church there, saying among many other things: “I coveted no one’s silver or gold or clothing. You yourselves know that these hands have served my needs and the needs of those who were with me. I have shown you in all things that by so laboring one ought to support the weak, being mindful also of the words of the Lord Jesus, because he himself said: it is more blessed to give than to receive.”",[1761,3622,2229],{"id":2228},[11,3624,3625],{},"Here perhaps someone might say: if the apostle was performing manual labor in order to sustain this life of his, what was that work itself, and when did he have leisure both to work and to preach the gospel? To this I reply: suppose I do not know; yet that he did perform manual labor and thereby lived in the flesh — not making use of the authority which the Lord had granted to the apostles, that one who proclaims the gospel should live by the gospel — the things said above attest without any doubt. For it has not been said in one place only, or briefly,",{"title":19,"searchDepth":20,"depth":20,"links":3627},[3628],{"id":2228,"depth":20,"text":2229},{},"\u002Freadings\u002Ftranslation\u002Faugustine-monks\u002F554",{"description":3620},"readings\u002Ftranslation\u002Faugustine-monks\u002F554","uIUb_y9k3qUHK0zTsLNCKcgLwXKniM2pmbGGeoHdL0I",{"id":3635,"title":2244,"body":3636,"description":3640,"extension":24,"meta":3643,"navigation":29,"page":2244,"path":3644,"pdf_page":2254,"reading":25,"seo":3645,"sortable_pagination_id":2254,"stem":3646,"__hash__":3647},"readingsTranslation\u002Freadings\u002Ftranslation\u002Faugustine-monks\u002F555.md",{"type":8,"value":3637,"toc":3641},[3638],[11,3639,3640],{},"so that it can be twisted and perverted into another meaning by the evasion of any cleverer person. Since, therefore, the opposition of those who contradict is crushed by such weighty and repeated masses of so great an authority, why do they ask me either what kind of work he did or when he did it? One thing I know: that he was not a thief, nor a housebreaker or robber, nor a charioteer, hunter, actor, or seeker of base profit; but he worked, innocently and honorably, at things suited to human needs, such as the work of smiths, builders, cobblers, farmers, and the like. For uprightness itself does not censure what is censured by the pride of those who love to be called honorable but do not love to be honorable. The apostle, therefore, would not disdain either to take up some rustic task or to engage in craftsmen’s toil. For the one who says, “Give no offense to Jews or to Greeks or to the church of God” — whom he could respect in this matter I do not know. If they say Jews: the patriarchs kept flocks. If they say Greeks — whom we also call pagans — even philosophers held cobblers in great honor. If [they say] the church of God: that righteous man, chosen to bear witness to a conjugal virginity that would endure forever, to whom the virgin Mary who bore Christ was betrothed, was a carpenter. Whatever, then, people do in these [crafts] with innocence and without deceit is good. For the apostle himself guards against this very thing, lest anyone, through the necessity of supporting life, should fall into evil works. “He who stole,” he says, “let him steal no more; but rather let him labor with his hands at what is good, so that he may have something to give to one who is in need.” It is sufficient, then, to know this: that",{"title":19,"searchDepth":20,"depth":20,"links":3642},[],{},"\u002Freadings\u002Ftranslation\u002Faugustine-monks\u002F555",{"description":3640},"readings\u002Ftranslation\u002Faugustine-monks\u002F555","kq4xN3L3Uk0AiIAveQL_YzdnVuvNfaliSES-XiMIwRM",{"id":3649,"title":2260,"body":3650,"description":3654,"extension":24,"meta":3671,"navigation":29,"page":2260,"path":3672,"pdf_page":2286,"reading":25,"seo":3673,"sortable_pagination_id":2286,"stem":3674,"__hash__":3675},"readingsTranslation\u002Freadings\u002Ftranslation\u002Faugustine-monks\u002F556.md",{"type":8,"value":3651,"toc":3667},[3652,3655,3659,3662,3664],[11,3653,3654],{},"even in bodily work itself, the apostle was performing what is good.",[1761,3656,3658],{"id":3657},"xiv-15","XIV. 15.",[11,3660,3661],{},"As for when he used to work — that is, during what intervals of time, so as not to be hindered from preaching the gospel — who can fully grasp it? Certainly he himself did not keep silent about the fact that he worked both by day and by night. Yet those who, as though very busy and occupied, ask about the time of his labor — what are they doing? Did they themselves fill the lands from Jerusalem round about as far as Illyricum with the gospel? Or did they undertake, for the peace of the church, whatever barbarian nations remain still to be visited and evangelized? We know them gathered most idly into a certain holy community. The apostle did a remarkable thing: he who truly bore so great a care for all the churches — both those already spread abroad and those yet to be spread abroad, which pertained to his oversight and labor — also worked with his hands; and yet for all that, while he was at Corinth and was in want, he was indeed not burdensome to any of those among whom he was, but what he lacked those brothers plainly supplied who came from Macedonia.",[1761,3663,2276],{"id":2275},[11,3665,3666],{},"For it is even he himself who, on account of needs of this kind among the saints — who, though they comply with his precepts so as to eat their own bread working in quietness, may yet for many reasons stand in need of some supplement of such sustenance — when he had spoken, teaching and forewarning, said: “Now such persons we command and exhort in",{"title":19,"searchDepth":20,"depth":20,"links":3668},[3669,3670],{"id":3657,"depth":20,"text":3658},{"id":2275,"depth":20,"text":2276},{},"\u002Freadings\u002Ftranslation\u002Faugustine-monks\u002F556",{"description":3654},"readings\u002Ftranslation\u002Faugustine-monks\u002F556","UB1TyYaZutvT4YUhljilHSEYliJc50aTYWRMJZXk04A",{"id":3677,"title":2292,"body":3678,"description":3682,"extension":24,"meta":3685,"navigation":29,"page":2292,"path":3686,"pdf_page":2302,"reading":25,"seo":3687,"sortable_pagination_id":2302,"stem":3688,"__hash__":3689},"readingsTranslation\u002Freadings\u002Ftranslation\u002Faugustine-monks\u002F557.md",{"type":8,"value":3679,"toc":3683},[3680],[11,3681,3682],{},"in the Lord Jesus Christ, that working in silence they should eat their own bread — lest those who had the means to provide necessities for the servants of God might grow sluggish on this pretext — he immediately added by way of anticipation: “But as for you, brothers, do not grow weary in well-doing.” And when writing to Titus, saying “Diligently speed Zenas the lawyer and Apollos on their way, so that nothing may be lacking for them,” in order to show from what source nothing ought to be lacking for them, he immediately subjoined: “And let our people also learn to devote themselves to good works for necessary needs, so that they may not be unfruitful.” Timothy also, whom he calls his most genuine son, since he knew him to be weak in body — as he shows by advising him not to drink water but to use a little wine for the sake of his stomach and his frequent infirmities — because Timothy was unable to labor in bodily work, and lest, when he was unwilling to be in want of his daily sustenance, he might seek out for himself some affairs from those to whom he ministered the gospel, by which the attention of his mind would become entangled — for it is one thing to labor with the body while the mind remains free, as a craftsman does, provided he is not deceitful and greedy and eager for private gain; but another thing altogether to occupy the mind itself with the cares of accumulating money without bodily labor, as merchants, agents, or lessees do; for these preside over affairs with anxious attention, they do not work with their hands, and thus occupy their very minds with the anxiety of acquisition —: Timothy, therefore, lest he fall into such things, because through bodily infirmity",{"title":19,"searchDepth":20,"depth":20,"links":3684},[],{},"\u002Freadings\u002Ftranslation\u002Faugustine-monks\u002F557",{"description":3682},"readings\u002Ftranslation\u002Faugustine-monks\u002F557","aq0HCnvupfESY8VNZqaLlcgVjUOtyGKlYOkLPUBjGcI",{"id":3691,"title":2308,"body":3692,"description":3696,"extension":24,"meta":3705,"navigation":29,"page":2308,"path":3706,"pdf_page":2326,"reading":25,"seo":3707,"sortable_pagination_id":2326,"stem":3708,"__hash__":3709},"readingsTranslation\u002Freadings\u002Ftranslation\u002Faugustine-monks\u002F558.md",{"type":8,"value":3693,"toc":3702},[3694,3697,3699],[11,3695,3696],{},"he could not work with his hands, [Paul] exhorts, admonishes, and consoles him thus. “Labor,” he says, “as a good soldier of Christ Jesus. No soldier serving God entangles himself in the affairs of civilian life, so that he may please the one to whom he has commended himself. For also, if anyone competes in athletics, he is not crowned unless he competes according to the rules.” Here, lest [Timothy] should suffer the anguish of one saying, “I cannot dig; I am ashamed to beg,” he added: “The hardworking farmer ought to be the first to receive a share of the crops.” This accords with what he had said to the Corinthians: “Who serves as a soldier at his own expense? Who plants a vineyard and does not eat of its fruit? Who tends a flock and does not partake of the milk of the flock?” In this way he made the chaste evangelist secure — one who was not proclaiming the gospel in order to sell it, yet who nonetheless was unable to supply the necessities of this life by his own hands — so that he might understand that what he received as necessary for himself from those among whom he served as a soldier assigned to a province, and whom he cultivated as a vineyard or tended as a flock, was not beggary, but a right.",[1761,3698,2317],{"id":2316},[11,3700,3701],{},"On account of these occupations, therefore, of the servants of God, or their bodily infirmities, which can never be wholly absent, the apostle not only permits the needs of the saints to be supplied by the good and faithful, but exhorts them to this most wholesomely. For setting aside that right of support which he says he himself did not use — yet which he commands the faithful to discharge, saying: “Let the one who is taught the word share all good things with the one who teaches” —",{"title":19,"searchDepth":20,"depth":20,"links":3703},[3704],{"id":2316,"depth":20,"text":2317},{},"\u002Freadings\u002Ftranslation\u002Faugustine-monks\u002F558",{"description":3696},"readings\u002Ftranslation\u002Faugustine-monks\u002F558","fUq2Xl8jd4lNksidE_pHmDh0d5BV006Cbs5Phy51U9k",{"id":3711,"title":2332,"body":3712,"description":3716,"extension":24,"meta":3719,"navigation":29,"page":2332,"path":3720,"pdf_page":2342,"reading":25,"seo":3721,"sortable_pagination_id":2342,"stem":3722,"__hash__":3723},"readingsTranslation\u002Freadings\u002Ftranslation\u002Faugustine-monks\u002F559.md",{"type":8,"value":3713,"toc":3717},[3714],[11,3715,3716],{},"chizes in all good things” — setting aside, then, this entitlement, which the preachers of the word are so often shown to have over those to whom they preach, he also commands and exhorts that necessities be provided by the gentile churches to those holy ones who had sold all their possessions and distributed them and were living in Jerusalem in a holy community of life, saying nothing was their own but all things were held in common, with one soul and one heart toward God. This is the basis of what he says in the letter to the Romans: “Now,” he says, “I am going to Jerusalem to minister to the saints. For it has pleased Macedonia and Achaia to make some contribution for the poor among the saints at Jerusalem. It has pleased them, and they are indebted to them. For if the Gentiles have shared in their spiritual blessings, they ought also to be of service to them in material things.” This is like what he says to the Corinthians: “If we have sown spiritual things among you, is it too much if we reap material things from you?” And likewise in the Second [letter] to the Corinthians: “We want you to know, brothers, about the grace of God that has been given among the churches of Macedonia, for in a great ordeal of affliction, their abundance of joy and their extreme poverty have overflowed in the wealth of their generosity; for according to their means, I testify, and beyond their means, they gave of their own free will, begging us earnestly with many entreaties for the grace and fellowship of this ministry to the saints —",{"title":19,"searchDepth":20,"depth":20,"links":3718},[],{},"\u002Freadings\u002Ftranslation\u002Faugustine-monks\u002F559",{"description":3716},"readings\u002Ftranslation\u002Faugustine-monks\u002F559","ofDPt7O4MR7KhpEMvdw30Ref0Ish-OtxZavDxXvXIZA",{"id":3725,"title":2348,"body":3726,"description":3730,"extension":24,"meta":3733,"navigation":29,"page":2348,"path":3734,"pdf_page":2358,"reading":25,"seo":3735,"sortable_pagination_id":2358,"stem":3736,"__hash__":3737},"readingsTranslation\u002Freadings\u002Ftranslation\u002Faugustine-monks\u002F560.md",{"type":8,"value":3727,"toc":3731},[3728],[11,3729,3730],{},"and this not as we expected, but they gave themselves first to the Lord and then to us by the will of God, so that we urged Titus that as he had already made a beginning, he should also complete among you this gracious work. But as you excel in everything — in faith, in speech, in knowledge, in all earnestness, and in our love for you — see that you excel in this gracious work also. I say this not as a command, but to prove by the earnestness of others that your love also is genuine. For you know the grace of our Lord Jesus Christ, that though he was rich, yet for your sake he became poor, so that you by his poverty might become rich. And in this matter I give my judgment: this benefits you, who a year ago started not only to do this work but also to desire to do it. So now finish doing it as well, so that your readiness in desiring it may be matched by your completing it out of what you have. For if the readiness is there, it is acceptable according to what a person has, not according to what he does not have. For I do not mean that others should be eased and you burdened, but that as a matter of equality your abundance at the present time should supply their need, so that their abundance may supply your need, that there may be equality.”",{"title":19,"searchDepth":20,"depth":20,"links":3732},[],{},"\u002Freadings\u002Ftranslation\u002Faugustine-monks\u002F560",{"description":3730},"readings\u002Ftranslation\u002Faugustine-monks\u002F560","ohPiL0_z6Io5q600UkAlkl8PTRhFaekPDCFT5fd2C5o",{"id":3739,"title":2364,"body":3740,"description":3744,"extension":24,"meta":3747,"navigation":29,"page":2364,"path":3748,"pdf_page":2374,"reading":25,"seo":3749,"sortable_pagination_id":2374,"stem":3750,"__hash__":3751},"readingsTranslation\u002Freadings\u002Ftranslation\u002Faugustine-monks\u002F561.md",{"type":8,"value":3741,"toc":3745},[3742],[11,3743,3744],{},"“as it is written: he who had much did not have too much, and he who had little did not lack.” [2 Corinthians 8:15] Thanks be to God, who put the same zeal for you in the heart of Titus; for he accepted the encouragement, yet being more zealous than that, he went out to you of his own accord. And we have sent with him the brother whose praise in the gospel is spread through all the churches — and not only him, but he was also appointed by the churches as our traveling companion in this grace which is administered by us to the glory of the Lord and to show our readiness — avoiding this, lest anyone find fault with us in regard to this bounty which is administered by us; for we take care to do what is right not only before the Lord, but also before men. In these words it appears how greatly [the Apostle] wished not only that the care of holy congregations should be to minister necessities to the holy servants of God — giving counsel in this regard, because this was more profitable to those who were doing it than to those for whom they were doing it (for something else was profitable to them, namely to make holy use of this service of their brothers toward themselves, and not to serve God on that account, nor to accept these things except to supply necessity, not to feed idleness) — but also that the blessed apostle speaks of his own care so greatly in this administration, which was then being transmitted through Titus, that he mentions him appointed by the churches as his traveling companion for this purpose, a man of God and of good repute. “Whose praise,” he says, “is in the gospel through all the churches.” And he says that he [Titus] was appointed as his companion for this purpose — that he might avoid the reproaches of men, lest, without the witness of holy companions in this ministry, he should be thought to be taking [the funds] as for himself",{"title":19,"searchDepth":20,"depth":20,"links":3746},[],{},"\u002Freadings\u002Ftranslation\u002Faugustine-monks\u002F561",{"description":3744},"readings\u002Ftranslation\u002Faugustine-monks\u002F561","RQQJmSQebI7nHL2jOBn-15DFh7Hx6GhgKYTGcpWhZcA",{"id":3753,"title":2380,"body":3754,"description":3758,"extension":24,"meta":3766,"navigation":29,"page":2380,"path":3767,"pdf_page":2398,"reading":25,"seo":3768,"sortable_pagination_id":2398,"stem":3769,"__hash__":3770},"readingsTranslation\u002Freadings\u002Ftranslation\u002Faugustine-monks\u002F562.md",{"type":8,"value":3755,"toc":3764},[3756,3759],[11,3757,3758],{},"and diverting into his own pockets — as the weak and ungodly might suppose — what he was receiving to supply the needs of the saints and was to bring or distribute to the needy.",[2387,3760,3761],{"start":2389},[2391,3762,3763],{},"And a little later he says: “Now concerning the ministry which is done for the saints, it is superfluous for me to write to you; for I know your readiness of mind, of which I boast on your behalf to the Macedonians, that Achaia has been ready since last year, and your zeal has stirred up many of them. But I have sent the brothers, lest our boasting of you should be in vain in this respect, that, as I said, you may be ready — lest, if any Macedonians come with me and find you unprepared, we — not to say you — should be put to shame in this undertaking. Therefore I thought it necessary to ask the brothers to go ahead to you and prepare in advance this bounty of yours, which was promised long ago, so that it may be ready as a bounty and not as covetousness. But this: he who sows sparingly will also reap sparingly, and he who sows generously will also reap generously. Let each one give as he has decided in his heart, not out of sorrow or of necessity; for God loves a cheerful giver. And God is able to make all grace abound toward you, so that in all things at all times, having all sufficiency, you may abound for every good work” — as it is written: “he scattered abroad, he gave to the poor; his righteousness endures",{"title":19,"searchDepth":20,"depth":20,"links":3765},[],{},"\u002Freadings\u002Ftranslation\u002Faugustine-monks\u002F562",{"description":3758},"readings\u002Ftranslation\u002Faugustine-monks\u002F562","gu2_LvyS2LFBzEDCseQOET_j6i6VGaygY0mj7ExCXFk",{"id":3772,"title":2404,"body":3773,"description":3777,"extension":24,"meta":3785,"navigation":29,"page":2404,"path":3786,"pdf_page":2420,"reading":25,"seo":3787,"sortable_pagination_id":2420,"stem":3788,"__hash__":3789},"readingsTranslation\u002Freadings\u002Ftranslation\u002Faugustine-monks\u002F563.md",{"type":8,"value":3774,"toc":3783},[3775,3778],[11,3776,3777],{},"“He who supplies seed to the sower will also supply and multiply your seed for sowing, and increase the growing harvest of your righteousness — so that being enriched in every way for all generosity, which through us produces thanksgiving to God. For the rendering of this service not only supplies what is lacking for the saints, but also causes it to overflow through many thanksgivings to God. Through the proof of this ministry, they glorify God for the obedience of your confession toward the gospel of Christ and the generosity of your sharing with them and with all; while they also long for you with prayer on your behalf, because of the surpassing grace of God in you. Thanks be to God for his inexpressible gift!” With what great richness of holy joy was the apostle suffused while speaking of the mutual supply of the want of Christ’s peoples — on the one side, things of the flesh flowing toward those [in Jerusalem], and on the other side, things of the spirit flowing toward these [in Corinth] — so that he broke forth and, as though belching forth the fullness of holy joys, exclaimed: “Thanks be to God for his inexpressible gift!”",[2387,3779,3780],{"start":2412},[2391,3781,3782],{},"Just as therefore the apostle did not cease — or rather, the Spirit of God possessing and filling and directing his heart did not cease — to exhort the faithful who had such worldly means, that nothing should be lacking to the needs of",{"title":19,"searchDepth":20,"depth":20,"links":3784},[],{},"\u002Freadings\u002Ftranslation\u002Faugustine-monks\u002F563",{"description":3777},"readings\u002Ftranslation\u002Faugustine-monks\u002F563","SEsaLd4vP2zuw_gqANrRVMkeC4KZ-CLt-DeeT4ABFc8",{"id":3791,"title":2426,"body":3792,"description":3796,"extension":24,"meta":3805,"navigation":29,"page":2426,"path":3806,"pdf_page":2444,"reading":25,"seo":3807,"sortable_pagination_id":2444,"stem":3808,"__hash__":3809},"readingsTranslation\u002Freadings\u002Ftranslation\u002Faugustine-monks\u002F564.md",{"type":8,"value":3793,"toc":3802},[3794,3797,3799],[11,3795,3796],{},"the servants of God who wished to hold a higher rank of holiness in the Church, in order that they might cut away all the chains of worldly hope and dedicate their free minds to divine warfare: so also must those servants themselves obey his precepts, that they may have compassion on the infirm, and, not bound by love of private property, labor with their own hands for the common good, comply without murmuring with those set over them — so that what is thought to be lacking for those who labor and work at something to earn their living — owing, however, to the bodily infirmities of some and to ecclesiastical occupations or instruction in saving doctrine — may be supplied from the offerings of the good faithful.",[1761,3798,2435],{"id":2434},[11,3800,3801],{},"What, then, do those do who refuse to work with their bodies? I wish to know to what pursuit they give themselves. “To prayer,” they say, “and to psalms, and to reading, and to the word of God.” A plainly holy life, and praiseworthy for the sweetness of Christ; but if we must not be called away from these things, then neither must we eat, nor must the daily food be prepared so that it can be set out and taken. But if the necessity of weakness itself compels the servants of God to devote fixed intervals of time to these bodily needs, why do we not also assign some portions of time to the observance of the apostolic precepts? For one prayer of an obedient man is heard more quickly than ten thousand prayers of a contemner. The divine songs, moreover, those who labor with their hands can readily sing, and find consolation in them as by a divine working-chant. Or do we not know that all craftsmen bestow their hearts and tongues on such vanities, and most often also on the obscenities of theatrical stories, while their hands do not cease from their work? What hinders, then,",{"title":19,"searchDepth":20,"depth":20,"links":3803},[3804],{"id":2434,"depth":20,"text":2435},{},"\u002Freadings\u002Ftranslation\u002Faugustine-monks\u002F564",{"description":3796},"readings\u002Ftranslation\u002Faugustine-monks\u002F564","eeo3hJZcm0zvLLRAy_VshOLRlrrs-l5at2xR_VYnn5A",{"id":3811,"title":2450,"body":3812,"description":3816,"extension":24,"meta":3825,"navigation":29,"page":2450,"path":3826,"pdf_page":2468,"reading":25,"seo":3827,"sortable_pagination_id":2468,"stem":3828,"__hash__":3829},"readingsTranslation\u002Freadings\u002Ftranslation\u002Faugustine-monks\u002F565.md",{"type":8,"value":3813,"toc":3822},[3814,3817,3819],[11,3815,3816],{},"the servant of God who works with his hands to meditate on the law of the Lord and to sing praise to the name of the Lord Most High? So indeed, that for learning things which he may recall from memory he should have times set apart. For this purpose, too, those good works of the faithful that supply what is needed for necessaries ought not to be lacking, so that the hours during which one has leisure for forming the mind in such a way that bodily work cannot be done do not press him into want. But those who say they devote themselves to reading — do they not find there what the apostle commanded? What perversity is this, then: to be unwilling to comply with the reading while wishing to devote oneself to it, and, in order that what is good may be read for a longer time, to refuse to do what is read? For who does not know that the more quickly a person does what he reads when reading good things, the more quickly he makes progress?",[1761,3818,2459],{"id":2458},[11,3820,3821],{},"If, however, some person must dispense the word and this so occupies him that he has no leisure for manual labor, can all in the monastery do this — to explain the divine readings to brothers who come to them from another way of life, or to dispute profitably about certain questions? Since, then, not all can do this, why do all wish to be free from work under this pretext? And yet even if all could, they ought to do so in turn — not only so that the others might not be kept from necessary work, but also because it is sufficient for one to speak while many listen. Then, how could even the apostle himself have had leisure to work with his hands, unless he set apart fixed times for dispensing the word of God? Nor did God wish",{"title":19,"searchDepth":20,"depth":20,"links":3823},[3824],{"id":2458,"depth":20,"text":2459},{},"\u002Freadings\u002Ftranslation\u002Faugustine-monks\u002F565",{"description":3816},"readings\u002Ftranslation\u002Faugustine-monks\u002F565","LHeFw4BbH9gXi5BtGve3ln2FTFb1U4S4wj9jVMgHCnI",{"id":3831,"title":2474,"body":3832,"description":3836,"extension":24,"meta":3839,"navigation":29,"page":2474,"path":3840,"pdf_page":2484,"reading":25,"seo":3841,"sortable_pagination_id":2484,"stem":3842,"__hash__":3843},"readingsTranslation\u002Freadings\u002Ftranslation\u002Faugustine-monks\u002F566.md",{"type":8,"value":3833,"toc":3837},[3834],[11,3835,3836],{},"this to be hidden from us. For holy scripture has not been silent about what craft he was a worker in, nor about the times at which he had leisure for dispensing the gospel. For when the day of his departure was pressing upon him while he was at Troas, and the brothers had gathered on the first day of the week to break bread, his intention was so great and the disputation so needful that the discourse was prolonged until midnight, as if it had slipped their minds that on that day there was no fast; but when he was going to remain in some place and was disputing daily, who would doubt that he had hours assigned to this duty? For indeed when he was at Athens, because he had found there men who were most zealous inquirers into all things, it is written of him thus: “He was therefore disputing with the Jews in the synagogue and with the Gentiles in the streets and in the market-place every day with all who were present.” For it does not say in the synagogue every day — where the custom was to hold discourse on the Sabbath — but in the market-place, he says, every day; on account of the pursuits of the Athenians, certainly. For so it follows: “But certain of the Epicurean and Stoic philosophers were conferring with him.” And a little later it says: “Now the Athenians and the strangers and sojourners there devoted their leisure to nothing else than to say or to hear something new.” Let us suppose that the apostle did not work during all the days he was at Athens; for that reason his need was supplied from Macedonia, as he says in the second letter to the Corinthians.",{"title":19,"searchDepth":20,"depth":20,"links":3838},[],{},"\u002Freadings\u002Ftranslation\u002Faugustine-monks\u002F566",{"description":3836},"readings\u002Ftranslation\u002Faugustine-monks\u002F566","Y8vkeS5vf9Cy4nQ9e3DcFQuJzxJEHoBHHtcgXe0Z3g4",{"id":3845,"title":2490,"body":3846,"description":3850,"extension":24,"meta":3861,"navigation":29,"page":2490,"path":3862,"pdf_page":2508,"reading":25,"seo":3863,"sortable_pagination_id":2508,"stem":3864,"__hash__":3865},"readingsTranslation\u002Freadings\u002Ftranslation\u002Faugustine-monks\u002F567.md",{"type":8,"value":3847,"toc":3858},[3848,3851,3855],[11,3849,3850],{},"thians. Although he could have worked at other hours and at night as well, since he was so vigorous in both soul and body. But after he left Athens, let us see what scripture says. “He argued,” it says, “in the synagogue every Sabbath” — this at Corinth. In Troas, then, where the necessity of his impending departure caused the discourse to be prolonged until midnight, it was the first day of the week, which is called the Lord’s Day; from which we understand that he was not with the Jews but with Christians when the narrator himself also says they had assembled to break bread. And that very governance is most excellent — that all things, distributed to their proper times, be conducted in orderly fashion, lest they disturb the human mind by entangling it in turbulent complications.",[1761,3852,3854],{"id":3853},"xix-22","XIX. 22.",[11,3856,3857],{},"There too it is told what the apostle did for his trade. “After these things,” it says, “he departed from Athens and came to Corinth. And finding a certain Jew named Aquila, a Pontic by birth, recently arrived from Italy, and his wife Priscilla, because Claudius had ordered all Jews to leave Rome, he came to them, and because of their shared trade he stayed with them and worked; for they were tentmakers.” If anyone attempts to interpret this allegorically, they reveal how they have advanced in the ecclesiastical writings to the study of which they boast of devoting themselves. And certainly those words cited above — “Is it only Barnabas and I who have no right not to",{"title":19,"searchDepth":20,"depth":20,"links":3859},[3860],{"id":3853,"depth":20,"text":3854},{},"\u002Freadings\u002Ftranslation\u002Faugustine-monks\u002F567",{"description":3850},"readings\u002Ftranslation\u002Faugustine-monks\u002F567","_TvcQllShjvQ_YP9AT46e2--16-5D634hPA5vkSL-Fk",{"id":3867,"title":2514,"body":3868,"description":3872,"extension":24,"meta":3875,"navigation":29,"page":2514,"path":3876,"pdf_page":2524,"reading":25,"seo":3877,"sortable_pagination_id":2524,"stem":3878,"__hash__":3879},"readingsTranslation\u002Freadings\u002Ftranslation\u002Faugustine-monks\u002F568.md",{"type":8,"value":3869,"toc":3873},[3870],[11,3871,3872],{},"work?” and “We have not made use of this right,” and “Although we could have been a burden to you as apostles of Christ,” and “Working night and day, lest we burden any of you,” and “The Lord ordained that those who proclaim the gospel should live by the gospel; yet I have made use of none of these things” — and other such passages: let them either explain these differently, or, if they are pressed by the most brilliant light of truth, let them understand and obey; or, if they are unwilling or unable to obey, let them at least acknowledge that those who are willing are better, and those who are also able are more blessed. For it is one thing to plead a genuine bodily infirmity or to feign a false one; but quite another to be thus deceived and to thus deceive, so that in addition to this it appears that greater righteousness exists among the servants of God because sloth has been able to reign among the ignorant. For one who genuinely shows bodily infirmity is to be treated with human compassion; but one who feigns a false infirmity and cannot be convicted must be left to God. Yet neither of them establishes a pernicious rule, because a good servant of God both serves his manifestly infirm brother and believes the one who is deceiving him — because he does not think him wicked, he does not imitate him so as to become wicked himself — and even if he believes him, does not brand him a deceiver; and nevertheless does not imitate him. But from the one who says: “This is the true righteousness — to imitate the birds of the heaven by performing no bodily labor, since whoever has done anything of the kind acts against the gospel” — whoever hears and believes these things with a weak soul is to be mourned: not because he thus has leisure from work, but because he thus errs.",{"title":19,"searchDepth":20,"depth":20,"links":3874},[],{},"\u002Freadings\u002Ftranslation\u002Faugustine-monks\u002F568",{"description":3872},"readings\u002Ftranslation\u002Faugustine-monks\u002F568","C7Vv_enO4XEawpVVpFZSlf5-SIHSGA7hgudMXwD3um0",{"id":3881,"title":2530,"body":3882,"description":19,"extension":24,"meta":3903,"navigation":29,"page":2530,"path":3904,"pdf_page":2559,"reading":25,"seo":3905,"sortable_pagination_id":2559,"stem":3906,"__hash__":3907},"readingsTranslation\u002Freadings\u002Ftranslation\u002Faugustine-monks\u002F569.md",{"type":8,"value":3883,"toc":3899},[3884,3886,3889,3894,3896],[1761,3885,2536],{"id":2535},[11,3887,3888],{},"Here another question arises. For someone might say: “What then? Did the other apostles and the brothers of the Lord and Cephas, because they did not work [with their hands], either place an obstacle to the gospel, or sin? For blessed Paul said that he himself had not made use of this right, lest he give any hindrance to the gospel of Christ. If they sinned because they did not work, then they had not received the right to refrain from working but only to live from the gospel. But if they had received this right — the Lord having ordained that those who preach the gospel should live from the gospel, and having said, ‘The worker is worthy of his food’ — a right of which Paul, giving something more generously, chose not to make use — then surely they did not sin. If they did not sin, they gave no hindrance. For to hinder the gospel is surely no trifling matter.” If this is so, they say, “we too are free both to make use of and to refrain from making use of this right.”",[2387,3890,3891],{"start":2542},[2391,3892,3893],{},"I would resolve this question briefly if I were to say — and I would say it justly — that one must trust the apostle. For he himself knew why the gospel should not be hawked for sale in the churches of the Gentiles, not faulting his fellow apostles, but distinguishing his own ministry; because they had divided among themselves — without doubt at the prompting of the Holy Spirit — the provinces for evangelizing, so that Paul and Barnabas would go to the Gentiles, while the others would go to the circumcision. Yet the things already said at length make clear that he laid down these precepts for those who did not possess a right of this kind.",[1761,3895,2549],{"id":2548},[11,3897,3898],{},"But these brothers of ours rashly claim for themselves, as I judge, a right of this kind. For if they are evan-",{"title":19,"searchDepth":20,"depth":20,"links":3900},[3901,3902],{"id":2535,"depth":20,"text":2536},{"id":2548,"depth":20,"text":2549},{},"\u002Freadings\u002Ftranslation\u002Faugustine-monks\u002F569",{"description":19},"readings\u002Ftranslation\u002Faugustine-monks\u002F569","SyFrje5fTrLLCCRC2Rq8y-YAcY-zCkiry6ycmOoXrBc",{"id":3909,"title":2565,"body":3910,"description":3914,"extension":24,"meta":3928,"navigation":29,"page":2565,"path":3929,"pdf_page":2589,"reading":25,"seo":3930,"sortable_pagination_id":2589,"stem":3931,"__hash__":3932},"readingsTranslation\u002Freadings\u002Ftranslation\u002Faugustine-monks\u002F570.md",{"type":8,"value":3911,"toc":3925},[3912,3915,3920,3922],[11,3913,3914],{},"gelists, I grant that they have it; if they are ministers of the altar and dispensers of the sacraments, they do not rashly claim but plainly vindicate this right for themselves.",[2387,3916,3917],{"start":2573},[2391,3918,3919],{},"If at least they had possessed something in this world by which they could easily have sustained this life without manual labor — which [property] they distributed to the needy upon their conversion to God — then their weakness is to be believed and borne. For such men are accustomed — not, as many suppose, to have been more finely bred, but, as is the truth, to have been brought up more softly — so that they are unable to bear the labor of bodily work. Perhaps many such were at Jerusalem. For it is written that they sold their estates and placed the proceeds at the feet of the apostles, to be distributed to each as there was need. Because they were found nearby and proved useful to the Gentiles, who were being called from afar from the worship of idols — in accordance with what was said, “Out of Zion shall go forth the law, and the word of the Lord from Jerusalem” — the apostle called the Christians from among the Gentiles their debtors. “They are debtors to them,” he says, and he adds the reason: “For if the Gentiles have shared in their spiritual things, they ought also to minister to them in material things.”",[1761,3921,2580],{"id":2579},[11,3923,3924],{},"But now, for the most part, men come to this profession of the service of God from the condition of slavery — or even as freedmen, or as those who have been or are to be freed by their masters for this purpose — and from a rural way of life, from the practice of trades and from plebeian labor; so much the",{"title":19,"searchDepth":20,"depth":20,"links":3926},[3927],{"id":2579,"depth":20,"text":2580},{},"\u002Freadings\u002Ftranslation\u002Faugustine-monks\u002F570",{"description":3914},"readings\u002Ftranslation\u002Faugustine-monks\u002F570","6gEKQk7xXHhG0mLhW4XxgswkIAjOxpMtHPGn-2apebs",{"id":3934,"title":2595,"body":3935,"description":3939,"extension":24,"meta":3948,"navigation":29,"page":2595,"path":3949,"pdf_page":2613,"reading":25,"seo":3950,"sortable_pagination_id":2613,"stem":3951,"__hash__":3952},"readingsTranslation\u002Freadings\u002Ftranslation\u002Faugustine-monks\u002F571.md",{"type":8,"value":3936,"toc":3945},[3937,3940,3942],[11,3938,3939],{},"more fortunate by just so much as they have been more vigorously trained. If these are not admitted, it is a serious fault — for many from that number have proved truly great and worthy of imitation. For it was for this reason that God chose the weak things of the world to confound the strong, and the foolish things of the world to confound the wise, and the ignoble and the things that are not, as if they were, so that the things that are might be brought to nothing — that no flesh should glory before God. [1 Corinthians 1:27–29] This pious and holy consideration causes even such men to be admitted who have brought no evidence of a changed and improved life. For it is not right to investigate which of the two drove them to commit to the service of God — whether they came to flee a life of poverty and labor, wishing to be fed and clothed at others’ expense and moreover to be honored by those by whom they had been accustomed to be despised and trodden down. Such men, therefore, since they cannot excuse themselves from work on grounds of bodily weakness — for the habit of their former life convicts them — take cover under the shadow of bad discipline, scheming to pervert the apostolic precepts by a misunderstood reading of the gospel. They are truly birds of the air, but in lifting themselves up through pride, and truly grass of the field, but in their carnal understanding.",[1761,3941,2604],{"id":2603},[11,3943,3944],{},"For there befalls them what the same apostle says must be corrected in idle younger [widows]: “for they learn at once to be idle; and not only idle, but also busybodies and gossips, saying what they ought not.” [1 Timothy 5:13] This he said of",{"title":19,"searchDepth":20,"depth":20,"links":3946},[3947],{"id":2603,"depth":20,"text":2604},{},"\u002Freadings\u002Ftranslation\u002Faugustine-monks\u002F571",{"description":3939},"readings\u002Ftranslation\u002Faugustine-monks\u002F571","Gu63SSR3P8-iJtruS9mscBS55cB9vMyMgHtMrLKjE2s",{"id":3954,"title":2619,"body":3955,"description":3959,"extension":24,"meta":3968,"navigation":29,"page":2619,"path":3969,"pdf_page":2637,"reading":25,"seo":3970,"sortable_pagination_id":2637,"stem":3971,"__hash__":3972},"readingsTranslation\u002Freadings\u002Ftranslation\u002Faugustine-monks\u002F572.md",{"type":8,"value":3956,"toc":3965},[3957,3960,3962],[11,3958,3959],{},"he was saying to wicked women — which we too lament and bewail in wicked men, who, against that same apostle in whose letters we read these things, say idle and wordy things that are not proper to say. And those who, with the purpose of pleasing the one to whom they have proved themselves, came to that holy warfare — being so vigorous in bodily strength and sound in health that they are capable not only of being trained but also of working according to the apostle — are, except for the idle and corrupt talk of these men, which by reason of inexperienced novitiate they are unable to judge, changed into the same vice by pestilential contagion. They not only fail to imitate the obedience of the saints who work quietly and live in the most wholesome discipline of other monasteries according to the apostolic rule, but they even insult those who are better, preaching sloth as the guardian of the Gospel, and accusing mercy as its transgressor. For one who looks after the good reputation of the servants of God acts with far greater mercy toward the souls of the weak than one who breaks bread for the hungry acts toward the bodies of the needy. Therefore, would that those who wish to keep their hands idle were idle with their tongues as well! For they would not invite so many to imitate them if they set before them not only lazy examples, but also silent ones.",[1761,3961,2628],{"id":2627},[11,3963,3964],{},"Now indeed they cite the Gospel of Christ against the apostle of Christ. For so wonderful are the works of the idle that they would hinder the Gospel, which the apostle commanded [his followers to work] precisely so that the Gospel itself might not be hindered.",{"title":19,"searchDepth":20,"depth":20,"links":3966},[3967],{"id":2627,"depth":20,"text":2628},{},"\u002Freadings\u002Ftranslation\u002Faugustine-monks\u002F572",{"description":3959},"readings\u002Ftranslation\u002Faugustine-monks\u002F572","1ae_-cOllhnII7DvYPeWgjZSFbGdAq_VnxQAIUK5NQA",{"id":3974,"title":2643,"body":3975,"description":3979,"extension":24,"meta":3982,"navigation":29,"page":2643,"path":3983,"pdf_page":2653,"reading":25,"seo":3984,"sortable_pagination_id":2653,"stem":3985,"__hash__":3986},"readingsTranslation\u002Freadings\u002Ftranslation\u002Faugustine-monks\u002F573.md",{"type":8,"value":3976,"toc":3980},[3977],[11,3978,3979],{},"and did, lest the Gospel itself be hindered. And yet, if we compel them to live according to the very words of the Gospel as they understand them, they will try to persuade us first that the words are not to be understood as they understand them. For they say they ought not to work, because the birds of the air neither sow nor reap — concerning which the Lord gave us a comparison, that we should not be anxious about such necessities. But why, then, do they not attend to what follows? For it was not said only that they neither sow nor reap, but it was added: neither do they gather into storehouses. Now storehouses, or granaries, can be called word-for-word “repositories.” Why, then, do these men want idle hands and full storehouses? Why do they lay up in storage what they take and keep, drawn from the labors of others, from which it is brought forth daily? Why, finally, do they grind and cook? For birds do not do this. Or if they find people whom they can persuade even of this, so that prepared meals are brought to them each day, they at least fetch water for themselves from springs, or draw it from cisterns or wells and store it: winged creatures do not do this. But if this seems good, then let good and faithful subjects, most devoted to the eternal King, be eager to serve his most valiant soldiers even to this extent — so that they are not even required to fill their own water vessels — if indeed they have by now surpassed even those who were then in Jerusalem in some new degree of righteousness.",{"title":19,"searchDepth":20,"depth":20,"links":3981},[],{},"\u002Freadings\u002Ftranslation\u002Faugustine-monks\u002F573",{"description":3979},"readings\u002Ftranslation\u002Faugustine-monks\u002F573","7PiYNOSIC-xv1cS-aRpRf6mbhHjzgusl0rMwiVhY_VY",{"id":3988,"title":2659,"body":3989,"description":3993,"extension":24,"meta":4002,"navigation":29,"page":2659,"path":4003,"pdf_page":2677,"reading":25,"seo":4004,"sortable_pagination_id":2677,"stem":4005,"__hash__":4006},"readingsTranslation\u002Freadings\u002Ftranslation\u002Faugustine-monks\u002F574.md",{"type":8,"value":3990,"toc":3999},[3991,3994,3996],[11,3992,3993],{},"they have surpassed. For when famine threatened, and was foretold in advance by the prophets who were then present, devout believers sent grain from Greece — from which I believe those [in Jerusalem] made bread for themselves, or at any rate arranged for it to be made: which is something birds do not do. But if these men, as I was beginning to say, have already surpassed even those [Jerusalem believers] by some degree of righteousness, and conduct themselves in all matters pertaining to the sustaining of this life exactly as birds do, let them show us human beings serving birds as they themselves wish to be served — except for birds that have been caught and confined, which are not trusted [to fly free] lest they not return. And yet those [birds] prefer to enjoy their freedom and take from the fields whatever is sufficient, rather than accept food set out and prepared for them by human hands.",[1761,3995,2668],{"id":2667},[11,3997,3998],{},"Those, then, will surpass these men by another and higher degree of righteousness, who have so ordered their lives that they go out daily into the fields as if to pasture, plucking whatever they find at the moment, and return home once their hunger is stilled. But surely, on account of those who guard the fields, how good it would be if the Lord would deign to grant them wings as well, so that servants of God found in another’s fields might not be seized as thieves but merely chased off like starlings. As things stand, one who cannot be caught by the hunter will imitate a bird as best he can. But suppose all servants of God grant that these men may go out into their fields whenever they wish and depart safely and refreshed — just as the law commanded for the people of Israel that no one should detain a thief in his fields unless the thief wished to carry something away; for one who had touched nothing beyond",{"title":19,"searchDepth":20,"depth":20,"links":4000},[4001],{"id":2667,"depth":20,"text":2668},{},"\u002Freadings\u002Ftranslation\u002Faugustine-monks\u002F574",{"description":3993},"readings\u002Ftranslation\u002Faugustine-monks\u002F574","Kyj3LwwKhAgPXqMCmBN2QFu3THx6WqXi5GOOqEuq6KE",{"id":4008,"title":2683,"body":4009,"description":4013,"extension":24,"meta":4022,"navigation":29,"page":2683,"path":4023,"pdf_page":2701,"reading":25,"seo":4024,"sortable_pagination_id":2701,"stem":4025,"__hash__":4026},"readingsTranslation\u002Freadings\u002Ftranslation\u002Faugustine-monks\u002F575.md",{"type":8,"value":4010,"toc":4019},[4011,4014,4016],[11,4012,4013],{},"what he had eaten was to be allowed to go free and unpunished. This is why the Jews brought charges against the Lord’s disciples who were plucking ears of grain on account of the sabbath rather than for theft. But what is to be done about those seasons of the year when food that can be eaten immediately is not found in the fields? Whoever attempts to take something home to cook and prepare for himself will hear, according to the interpretation these men draw from the Gospel: “Put it down; for birds do not do that.”",[1761,4015,2692],{"id":2691},[11,4017,4018],{},"But let us grant even this: that throughout the whole turning year one can find in the fields — whether from trees, or from plants, or from various roots — something that can be eaten raw; or that one might exert the body so vigorously that even foods requiring cooking can be consumed raw without harm; and that one can go out to forage even in the harshest winter conditions. And so let it be that nothing is taken home prepared, nothing set aside for the next day. Still, those who shut themselves away from human sight for many days at a time, admitting no one to their presence and remaining enclosed in great earnestness of prayer, will not be able to observe such a rule. For these men have been accustomed to shut themselves in with food — simple and cheap as it is — sufficient for those days during which they have resolved to be seen by no one: which is something birds do not do. And the practice of these men, in so admirable a continence — since they have the leisure to pursue such things and commend themselves for imitation not with arrogant pride but with merciful holiness,",{"title":19,"searchDepth":20,"depth":20,"links":4020},[4021],{"id":2691,"depth":20,"text":2692},{},"\u002Freadings\u002Ftranslation\u002Faugustine-monks\u002F575",{"description":4013},"readings\u002Ftranslation\u002Faugustine-monks\u002F575","CCdO6QWGKTRXP9yKEkWCPcYdXnR0O_bZEMQof_vwaWo",{"id":4028,"title":2707,"body":4029,"description":4033,"extension":24,"meta":4048,"navigation":29,"page":2707,"path":4049,"pdf_page":2733,"reading":25,"seo":4050,"sortable_pagination_id":2733,"stem":4051,"__hash__":4052},"readingsTranslation\u002Freadings\u002Ftranslation\u002Faugustine-monks\u002F576.md",{"type":8,"value":4030,"toc":4044},[4031,4034,4036,4039,4041],[11,4032,4033],{},"propose themselves as models for imitation — these I not only do not reproach, but I cannot praise as much as they deserve. Yet what do we say of them according to the understanding of those people from the words of the gospel? Perhaps the holier they are, the more unlike birds they are, since unless they store up food for many days they will not be able to shut themselves away as they do? And yet they hear along with us: “Therefore do not be anxious about tomorrow.” [Matthew 6:34]",[1761,4035,2716],{"id":2715},[11,4037,4038],{},"Therefore, to sum it up briefly: those who, by a perverse understanding of the gospel, strive to overturn such manifest apostolic precepts must either not be anxious about tomorrow, as the birds of the air [do], or they must obey the apostle, as beloved children — or rather, let them do both, since both are in harmony. For Paul, the servant of Christ, would not advise things contrary to his Lord Jesus. This, then, we say to them plainly: if you understand the birds of the air in the gospel to mean that you should not procure food and clothing by working with your hands, then store up nothing for tomorrow either, just as the birds of the air store up nothing. But if storing something up for tomorrow can be not against the gospel — where it is said, “Behold the birds of the air, for they neither sow nor reap nor gather into barns” [Matthew 6:26] — then it can also be not against the gospel, and not against the example of the birds of the air, to pass this life of the flesh with the labor of bodily work.",[1761,4040,2723],{"id":2722},[11,4042,4043],{},"For if they are pressed from the gospel to store up nothing for tomorrow, they answer most rightly: why then did the Lord himself",{"title":19,"searchDepth":20,"depth":20,"links":4045},[4046,4047],{"id":2715,"depth":20,"text":2716},{"id":2722,"depth":20,"text":2723},{},"\u002Freadings\u002Ftranslation\u002Faugustine-monks\u002F576",{"description":4033},"readings\u002Ftranslation\u002Faugustine-monks\u002F576","vVb57l09ptHy5Np4pjf3l5YVZ4RSwxnJ-lGWRT0cvi0",{"id":4054,"title":2739,"body":4055,"description":4059,"extension":24,"meta":4068,"navigation":29,"page":2739,"path":4069,"pdf_page":2757,"reading":25,"seo":4070,"sortable_pagination_id":2757,"stem":4071,"__hash__":4072},"readingsTranslation\u002Freadings\u002Ftranslation\u002Faugustine-monks\u002F577.md",{"type":8,"value":4056,"toc":4065},[4057,4060,4062],[11,4058,4059],{},"have a money-bag in which to keep the funds that had been collected? Why was grain sent to the holy brethren so far in advance of an impending famine? Why did the apostles provide for the needs of the saints against future want, so that the most blessed Paul wrote to the Corinthians in his letter: “Now concerning the collection for the saints, as I directed the churches of Galatia, so you also are to do. On the first day of every week, each of you is to set something aside and store it up, as he may prosper, so that there will be no collecting when I come. And when I arrive, I will send those whom you accredit by letter to carry your gift to Jerusalem. If it seems advisable that I should go also, they will accompany me.” [1 Corinthians 16:1–4] These and many other things they set forth most copiously and most truly. To whom we reply: you see, then, that although the Lord said, “Do not be anxious about tomorrow” [Matthew 6:34], you are not compelled by these words to keep nothing in reserve for tomorrow. Why, then, do you say that you are compelled by these same words to be idle? Why are the birds of the air not an example to you for keeping nothing in reserve, and yet you wish them to be an example for doing no work?",[1761,4061,2748],{"id":2747},[11,4063,4064],{},"Someone may say: what benefit is it to the servant of God that he has abandoned his former pursuits in the world and turned to this spiritual life and service, if he must still ply trades as craftsmen do? As if it could easily be explained in words how great the benefit is that the Lord",{"title":19,"searchDepth":20,"depth":20,"links":4066},[4067],{"id":2747,"depth":20,"text":2748},{},"\u002Freadings\u002Ftranslation\u002Faugustine-monks\u002F577",{"description":4059},"readings\u002Ftranslation\u002Faugustine-monks\u002F577","nQ_CvCZRIjviqvNZT40N9QvmOeL36egpyUMJCgWrYpU",{"id":4074,"title":2763,"body":4075,"description":4079,"extension":24,"meta":4082,"navigation":29,"page":2763,"path":4083,"pdf_page":2779,"reading":25,"seo":4084,"sortable_pagination_id":2779,"stem":4085,"__hash__":4086},"readingsTranslation\u002Freadings\u002Ftranslation\u002Faugustine-monks\u002F578.md",{"type":8,"value":4076,"toc":4080},[4077],[11,4078,4079],{},"counsel for obtaining eternal life, told him that, if he wished to be perfect, he should sell what he had, distribute it to the needy poor, and follow him. Or has anyone followed the Lord with so swift a course as he who said: “I did not run in vain or labor in vain”? Yet he both commanded these works and performed them. So great an authority should have sufficed for us, both learned and formed [in the faith], as an example both of relinquishing our former possessions and of working with our hands. But aided by the Lord himself, we may perhaps in some measure understand what it profits even servants of God who work in this way to have nonetheless left behind their former pursuits. For if someone is converted to this life from wealth and is not impeded by any bodily infirmity, are we so foolish as to lack the taste of Christ — so as not to understand how great a swelling of former pride is healed, when, with the superfluities by which the mind was once ruinously inflated being cut away, even the humility of a craftsman is not in the least refused for the modest necessities that remain and are naturally required for this life? But if someone is converted to this life from poverty, let him not think he is doing what he used to do, if, having turned away from the love of increasing whatever private property he had, no longer seeking his own things but those of Jesus Christ, he has transferred himself to the charity of the common life, to live in the fellowship of those whose soul is one and heart one in God, so that no one calls anything his own but all things are",{"title":19,"searchDepth":20,"depth":20,"links":4081},[],{},"\u002Freadings\u002Ftranslation\u002Faugustine-monks\u002F578",{"description":4079},"readings\u002Ftranslation\u002Faugustine-monks\u002F578","_Wq2PoO0IH4EZg_bTc4aBKTcSEUb1itYgyuC8N_2Qr8",{"id":4088,"title":2785,"body":4089,"description":4093,"extension":24,"meta":4102,"navigation":29,"page":2785,"path":4103,"pdf_page":2803,"reading":25,"seo":4104,"sortable_pagination_id":2803,"stem":4105,"__hash__":4106},"readingsTranslation\u002Freadings\u002Ftranslation\u002Faugustine-monks\u002F579.md",{"type":8,"value":4090,"toc":4099},[4091,4094,4096],[11,4092,4093],{},"held in common. For if the ancient rulers of this earthly commonwealth are customarily praised by the most illustrious eloquence of their men of letters because they placed the common good of all the people of their city before their own private affairs — so that one of them, a conqueror after subduing Africa, had nothing to give his daughter on the occasion of her marriage unless she were provided a dowry from the public treasury by decree of the senate — with what spirit ought a citizen of that eternal city, the heavenly Jerusalem, conduct himself in his own commonwealth, except so that the very thing he produces by the labor of his own hands he contributes to the common store with his brother, and if anything is lacking to him, he draws it from the common store, saying with him whose precept and example he has followed: “as having nothing, yet possessing all things”?",[1761,4095,2794],{"id":2793},[11,4097,4098],{},"Therefore also those who, having abandoned or distributed either great or modest wealth, wished in pious and wholesome humility to be numbered among the poor of Christ — if they are sound in body and free from ecclesiastical occupations, although the common property and brotherly charity owe them in return the sustenance of their life, since they have furnished so great a proof of their souls and have contributed either a great deal or no small amount from the resources they possessed to meet the needs of the same fellowship — nevertheless, if they too work with their hands, so as to take away from the lazy, who come from a humbler and therefore more hardened way of life, any excuse, they act far more mercifully than when they distributed all their possessions to the needy. Now if they are unwilling to do this, who would dare compel them? For whom",{"title":19,"searchDepth":20,"depth":20,"links":4100},[4101],{"id":2793,"depth":20,"text":2794},{},"\u002Freadings\u002Ftranslation\u002Faugustine-monks\u002F579",{"description":4093},"readings\u002Ftranslation\u002Faugustine-monks\u002F579","17QnBfFZgI8t0bvFvwqf3iPe4-TngaEgW1aHoAHfIps",{"id":4108,"title":2809,"body":4109,"description":4113,"extension":24,"meta":4122,"navigation":29,"page":2809,"path":4123,"pdf_page":2827,"reading":25,"seo":4124,"sortable_pagination_id":2827,"stem":4125,"__hash__":4126},"readingsTranslation\u002Freadings\u002Ftranslation\u002Faugustine-monks\u002F580.md",{"type":8,"value":4110,"toc":4119},[4111,4114,4116],[11,4112,4113],{},"Yet tasks must be found for them in the monastery — even if somewhat freer from manual labor — but they must be managed with watchful care, so that even they do not eat their bread for nothing, since it has now become common property. Nor should attention be given to which monasteries or in which place a man has spent what he had on brothers in need. For there is one commonwealth of all Christians. And therefore, whoever has dispensed necessities to Christians anywhere, wherever he also receives what is necessary for himself, he receives it from Christ — because wherever he too gave to such people, who was it but Christ who received? But those who, even apart from this holy fellowship, spent their lives in bodily toil — from whose number the greater part come to monasteries, as they are the greater part of the human race itself — if they are unwilling to work, neither shall they eat. For it is not for this reason that the rich are humbled to piety through Christian service, in order that the poor may be lifted up in pride. For it is in no way fitting that in a life where senators become laborious, craftsmen should become idle; and that where those who had been lords of estates come, having left their pleasures behind, there rustic men should live delicately.",[1761,4115,2818],{"id":2817},[11,4117,4118],{},"But the Lord says: “Take no thought for your life, what you shall eat, nor for your body, what you shall wear.” Rightly so, since he had said above: “You cannot serve God and mammon.” For one who preaches the Gospel for this reason — in order to have something to eat and something to wear — thinks that he serves God at the same time, because he preaches the Gospel, and mam-",{"title":19,"searchDepth":20,"depth":20,"links":4120},[4121],{"id":2817,"depth":20,"text":2818},{},"\u002Freadings\u002Ftranslation\u002Faugustine-monks\u002F580",{"description":4113},"readings\u002Ftranslation\u002Faugustine-monks\u002F580","m2a0dQPRDyZfb0YggxjxUKhMwhvKNHBgY4RSAuIMd_0",{"id":4128,"title":2833,"body":4129,"description":4133,"extension":24,"meta":4136,"navigation":29,"page":2833,"path":4137,"pdf_page":2843,"reading":25,"seo":4138,"sortable_pagination_id":2843,"stem":4139,"__hash__":4140},"readingsTranslation\u002Freadings\u002Ftranslation\u002Faugustine-monks\u002F581.md",{"type":8,"value":4130,"toc":4134},[4131],[11,4132,4133],{},"mon, because he preaches on account of those necessities — which the Lord says cannot be done. And therefore the one who preaches the Gospel for those reasons is shown to serve not God but mammon, even if God uses him, without his knowing how, for the advancement of others. For to this sentence he adds, saying: “Therefore I say to you: take no thought for your life, what you shall eat, nor for your body, what you shall wear” — not so that they should not provide for these things to the extent that necessity requires and they can do so honestly, but so that they should not fix their gaze on those things and do whatever they are commanded to do in the preaching of the Gospel for the sake of those things. Indeed he calls the intention — the reason why something is done — the “eye”: of this he had been speaking a little earlier in order to come down to this point, and he said: “The lamp of your body is your eye. If your eye is simple, your whole body will be full of light; but if your eye is evil, your whole body will be in darkness” — that is: such will your deeds be as is your intention in doing them. And indeed, in order to arrive at this point, he had commanded above concerning almsgiving, saying: “Do not store up for yourselves treasures on earth, where moth and rust destroy and where thieves break in and steal; but store up for yourselves treasures in heaven, where neither moth nor rust destroys, where thieves do not break in and steal. For where your treasure is, there will your heart be also.” Then he added: “The lamp",{"title":19,"searchDepth":20,"depth":20,"links":4135},[],{},"\u002Freadings\u002Ftranslation\u002Faugustine-monks\u002F581",{"description":4133},"readings\u002Ftranslation\u002Faugustine-monks\u002F581","XIgJE5gS2x5hPSIbjA9Nr2oj0ySILxUcOZ8zmlo3uHw",{"id":4142,"title":2849,"body":4143,"description":4147,"extension":24,"meta":4150,"navigation":29,"page":2849,"path":4151,"pdf_page":2859,"reading":25,"seo":4152,"sortable_pagination_id":2859,"stem":4153,"__hash__":4154},"readingsTranslation\u002Freadings\u002Ftranslation\u002Faugustine-monks\u002F582.md",{"type":8,"value":4144,"toc":4148},[4145],[11,4146,4147],{},"of your body is your eye — so that those who give alms should not do so with the intention of wishing to please men, or of seeking repayment on earth for what they do. Hence also the apostle, when he charged Timothy to admonish the rich, said: “Let them give readily, let them share, let them lay up for themselves a good foundation for the future, that they may lay hold on true life.” When, therefore, the Lord has directed the eye of those who give alms toward the life to come and toward heavenly reward, so that even those deeds may be full of light when the eye is simple — for that is what avails for that final recompense, as what he also says elsewhere confirms: “He who receives you receives me; and he who receives me receives him who sent me. He who receives a prophet in the name of a prophet shall receive a prophet’s reward; and he who receives a just man in the name of a just man shall receive a just man’s reward. And he who gives a cup of cold water only to one of these least ones in the name of a disciple, amen I say to you, his reward shall not be lost” — lest perchance, when the eye of those who supply necessities to the poor and to prophets and to just men and to the disciples of the Lord was being corrected, the eye of those on whom such things were bestowed should become corrupted, so that they would wish to serve Christ in order to receive those things. “No one,” he says, “can serve two masters.” And a little later he says: “You cannot serve God",{"title":19,"searchDepth":20,"depth":20,"links":4149},[],{},"\u002Freadings\u002Ftranslation\u002Faugustine-monks\u002F582",{"description":4147},"readings\u002Ftranslation\u002Faugustine-monks\u002F582","uZjR9zI_UT-wGeXnjSTmffJCWQzPuO7eGFdLyhjIS5I",{"id":4156,"title":2865,"body":4157,"description":4161,"extension":24,"meta":4175,"navigation":29,"page":2865,"path":4176,"pdf_page":2889,"reading":25,"seo":4177,"sortable_pagination_id":2889,"stem":4178,"__hash__":4179},"readingsTranslation\u002Freadings\u002Ftranslation\u002Faugustine-monks\u002F583.md",{"type":8,"value":4158,"toc":4172},[4159,4162,4167,4169],[11,4160,4161],{},"to serve God and mammon,” and immediately he continued: “Therefore I say to you, do not be anxious for your life, what you shall eat, nor for your body, what you shall put on.”",[2387,4163,4164],{"start":2873},[2391,4165,4166],{},"And what follows concerning the birds of the sky and the lilies of the field, he says for this purpose: lest anyone think that God does not care for the necessities of his servants, since his most wise providence extends even to creating and governing these things. For he himself feeds and clothes even those who work with their hands. But lest they bend their Christian service toward the pursuit of these things, the Lord warns his servants that in that ministry which is owed to his sacrament, we should think not of these things, but of his kingdom and his righteousness: “and all these things will be added to you” — whether to those working with their hands, or to those hindered by bodily infirmity, or to those constrained by such an obligation of this same service that we are able to do nothing else.",[1761,4168,2880],{"id":2879},[11,4170,4171],{},"For just because God said, “Call upon me in the day of tribulation, and I will deliver you, and you shall glorify me,” it does not follow that the apostle was therefore obliged not to flee and be lowered through the wall in a basket to escape the hands of his persecutor, but rather to wait to be seized, expecting God to deliver him from the midst of the flames as he did the three young men. Nor on account of this should the Lord have refrained from saying, “If they persecute you in one city, flee to another,” because he himself said, “If you ask anything in my name, it will be given to you.” Just as, therefore, anyone who raised this sort of objection against the disciples fleeing persecution",{"title":19,"searchDepth":20,"depth":20,"links":4173},[4174],{"id":2879,"depth":20,"text":2880},{},"\u002Freadings\u002Ftranslation\u002Faugustine-monks\u002F583",{"description":4161},"readings\u002Ftranslation\u002Faugustine-monks\u002F583","rcpKTo9XidqeaLQ65YAROAh1Z8-QuHo2cX84ebXuUt0",{"id":4181,"title":2895,"body":4182,"description":4186,"extension":24,"meta":4189,"navigation":29,"page":2895,"path":4190,"pdf_page":2905,"reading":25,"seo":4191,"sortable_pagination_id":2905,"stem":4192,"__hash__":4193},"readingsTranslation\u002Freadings\u002Ftranslation\u002Faugustine-monks\u002F584.md",{"type":8,"value":4183,"toc":4187},[4184],[11,4185,4186],{},"of Christ — asking why they did not rather stand their ground and, having called upon God, be delivered through his miracles as Daniel was from the lions and Peter from his chains — would receive the answer that they were not obliged to tempt God, but that he would do such things when he willed, at the moment when they themselves had no recourse available; whereas when he had given them the possibility of flight, even if they were delivered through that flight, they were still delivered by him alone: so likewise, to the servants of God who are at leisure and able, in accordance with the apostolic example and precept, to provide their sustenance by working with their hands — if anyone raises against the Gospel a question about the birds of the sky, which neither sow nor reap nor gather into barns, and about the lilies of the field, because they neither toil nor spin — they will readily reply: if through some infirmity or occupation we too are unable to work, he will feed and clothe us in the same way as the birds and the lilies, which do no work of this kind; but when we are able, we must not tempt our God, because even what we are able to do, we are able to do by his gift, and when we live by this [work], we live by the bounty of the one who granted that we might be able. And therefore we are not anxious about these necessities, because when we are able to do these things, he feeds and clothes us — he by whom human beings are fed and clothed; and when we are not able to do these things, that same one feeds and clothes us — he by whom the birds are fed and the lilies clad-",{"title":19,"searchDepth":20,"depth":20,"links":4188},[],{},"\u002Freadings\u002Ftranslation\u002Faugustine-monks\u002F584",{"description":4186},"readings\u002Ftranslation\u002Faugustine-monks\u002F584","doZIebsLbc-zl-qe3btkKgz2ry69JQw0LS5_LD5EIlU",{"id":4195,"title":2911,"body":4196,"description":4200,"extension":24,"meta":4209,"navigation":29,"page":2911,"path":4210,"pdf_page":2929,"reading":25,"seo":4211,"sortable_pagination_id":2929,"stem":4212,"__hash__":4213},"readingsTranslation\u002Freadings\u002Ftranslation\u002Faugustine-monks\u002F585.md",{"type":8,"value":4197,"toc":4206},[4198,4201,4203],[11,4199,4200],{},"clothed, since we are worth more than they. Therefore in this our warfare we do not think about tomorrow, because it is not for these temporal things but for those eternal things — where today is always present — that we have proved ourselves to him, so that, entangled in no secular affairs, we may please him.",[1761,4202,2920],{"id":2919},[11,4204,4205],{},"Since this is so, permit me for a little while, holy brother — for the Lord grants me great confidence through you — to address those very sons and brothers of ours, whom I know with what great love you labor over, until the apostolic discipline be formed in them. O servants of God, soldiers of Christ, are you really so heedless of the snares of that most cunning enemy, who by every means desires to obscure your good reputation — that good fragrance of Christ — with his stench, lest good souls say: “We will run after the fragrance of your ointments,” and so escape his traps? He has scattered throughout every region so many hypocrites under the habit of monks, wandering through the provinces, sent nowhere, settled nowhere, standing nowhere, sitting nowhere. Some peddle the relics of martyrs — if indeed they are martyrs’ relics. Others make much of their fringes and phylacteries. Others falsely claim they have heard that their parents or kinsmen are living in this or that region, and that they are making their way to them. And all of them beg, all of them demand — either the expenses of a lucrative poverty or the price of a counterfeit holiness — while in the meantime, whenever they are caught in their wicked deeds or become known in any way, under the general name of monks your",{"title":19,"searchDepth":20,"depth":20,"links":4207},[4208],{"id":2919,"depth":20,"text":2920},{},"\u002Freadings\u002Ftranslation\u002Faugustine-monks\u002F585",{"description":4200},"readings\u002Ftranslation\u002Faugustine-monks\u002F585","SXcWvlisEVPKA_Iwho6sBorstJbKCMhWxDsSnxOFBiE",{"id":4215,"title":2935,"body":4216,"description":4220,"extension":24,"meta":4229,"navigation":29,"page":2935,"path":4230,"pdf_page":2953,"reading":25,"seo":4231,"sortable_pagination_id":2953,"stem":4232,"__hash__":4233},"readingsTranslation\u002Freadings\u002Ftranslation\u002Faugustine-monks\u002F586.md",{"type":8,"value":4217,"toc":4226},[4218,4221,4223],[11,4219,4220],{},"way of life is blasphemed — a way of life so good, so holy, which we desire to see flourish in the name of Christ throughout the whole of Africa as it has through other lands. Are you not then inflamed with zeal for God? Does your heart not burn within you, and does a fire not blaze in your meditation, so that you may pursue their wicked deeds with your good deeds, and cut off from them the occasion for their shameful trafficking, by which your reputation is harmed and a stumbling block is placed before the weak? Have mercy therefore, and have compassion, and show men that you are not seeking an easy livelihood in idleness, but that through the narrow and straitened life of this calling you are seeking the kingdom of God. Your cause is the same as the apostle’s: to cut off occasion from those who seek occasion, so that those who are suffocated by their stench may be refreshed by your good fragrance.",[1761,4222,2944],{"id":2943},[11,4224,4225],{},"We do not bind heavy burdens and lay them on your shoulders, burdens we ourselves are unwilling to touch with a finger. Inquire and take note of the labors of our occupations, and in some of us also the frailties of our bodies and such a long-established custom of the churches we serve as to leave us no room to be free for those works to which we urge you. For although we can say: “Who ever serves as a soldier at his own expense? Who plants a vineyard and does not eat of its fruit? Who tends a flock and does not drink of the flock’s milk?” — yet",{"title":19,"searchDepth":20,"depth":20,"links":4227},[4228],{"id":2943,"depth":20,"text":2944},{},"\u002Freadings\u002Ftranslation\u002Faugustine-monks\u002F586",{"description":4220},"readings\u002Ftranslation\u002Faugustine-monks\u002F586","aOjLr88HnTz9ZNrjVicMg5Nk0_hV8w6KcMN7WoUqq-8",{"id":4235,"title":2959,"body":4236,"description":4240,"extension":24,"meta":4243,"navigation":29,"page":2959,"path":4244,"pdf_page":2969,"reading":25,"seo":4245,"sortable_pagination_id":2969,"stem":4246,"__hash__":4247},"readingsTranslation\u002Freadings\u002Ftranslation\u002Faugustine-monks\u002F587.md",{"type":8,"value":4237,"toc":4241},[4238],[11,4239,4240],{},"I call the Lord Jesus, in whose name I say this without fear, as witness over my soul that, as far as my own convenience is concerned, I would far prefer to spend fixed hours each day working with my hands — as is the practice in well-ordered monasteries — and to have the remaining hours free for reading, prayer, or some engagement with the divine scriptures, than to endure the most turbulent entanglements of others’ disputes, whether in adjudicating secular affairs or in cutting through them by interposition. These burdens were fastened upon us by the same apostle, not indeed by his own will but by the will of him who spoke through him; and yet we do not read that the apostle himself underwent them. For the character of his apostolic journeyings was different. Nor did he say: “If you have secular disputes, bring them to us, or appoint us as judges” — but rather those who are of no account in the church, he says, seat these as judges. “I say this to move you to shame. Is there really no one among you wise enough to decide between one brother and another? Instead, brother goes to law against brother — and before unbelievers at that?” He wished, therefore, that wise men who remained in their places, faithful and holy — not those who traveled here and there for the sake of the gospel — should be the examiners of such disputes. Hence it is never written of him [Paul] that he was ever free for those matters from which",{"title":19,"searchDepth":20,"depth":20,"links":4242},[],{},"\u002Freadings\u002Ftranslation\u002Faugustine-monks\u002F587",{"description":4240},"readings\u002Ftranslation\u002Faugustine-monks\u002F587","yAoJ4WGvXYObbjaRGmxbF0r4lxfH7UnFKOxku2BGxLw",{"id":4249,"title":2975,"body":4250,"description":4254,"extension":24,"meta":4257,"navigation":29,"page":2975,"path":4258,"pdf_page":2985,"reading":25,"seo":4259,"sortable_pagination_id":2985,"stem":4260,"__hash__":4261},"readingsTranslation\u002Freadings\u002Ftranslation\u002Faugustine-monks\u002F588.md",{"type":8,"value":4251,"toc":4255},[4252],[11,4253,4254],{},"we cannot excuse ourselves, even if we are of no account, because he wished even such persons to be appointed [as judges] if wise men were lacking, rather than that the affairs of Christians should be brought into the forum. Yet this burden we take up not without the Lord’s consolation, in hope of eternal life, so that we may bring forth fruit with patience. For we are servants of his church and especially of its weaker members, whatever members we may be in that same body. I pass over countless other ecclesiastical cares that perhaps no one believes unless he has experienced them. We do not, therefore, bind heavy burdens and lay them on your shoulders while we ourselves will not touch them with a finger — since, if we could do so while keeping the integrity of our duty (he who tests our hearts sees this), we would rather do what we urge you to do than what we are compelled to do. Indeed, for all of us — both you and us — who labor according to our respective rank and office, and who rejoice in hope even amid toil and hardship, his yoke is easy and his burden light, he who called us to rest, who first made the crossing through the valley of weeping, where even he himself was not without tribulations. If you are our brothers, if you are our sons, if we are your fellow servants or rather, in Christ, your servants, hear what we admonish, acknowledge what we command, receive what we dispense. But if we are Pharisees who bind heavy burdens and lay them on your shoulders, do what we say, even if you disapprove of what we do. As for us, it is a very small thing to be judged by you or by any human tribunal. Let him inspect with what genuine charity we are concerned for you —",{"title":19,"searchDepth":20,"depth":20,"links":4256},[],{},"\u002Freadings\u002Ftranslation\u002Faugustine-monks\u002F588",{"description":4254},"readings\u002Ftranslation\u002Faugustine-monks\u002F588","hj8ZHL2Xk5MjWGyXWHol5ZKtvKhgCleea7lvilVzOpk",{"id":4263,"title":2991,"body":4264,"description":4268,"extension":24,"meta":4277,"navigation":29,"page":2991,"path":4278,"pdf_page":3009,"reading":25,"seo":4279,"sortable_pagination_id":3009,"stem":4280,"__hash__":4281},"readingsTranslation\u002Freadings\u002Ftranslation\u002Faugustine-monks\u002F589.md",{"type":8,"value":4265,"toc":4274},[4266,4269,4271],[11,4267,4268],{},"who gave what we might offer for his eyes to behold. In the end, think of us as you will: the apostle Paul commands and beseeches you in the Lord, that you eat your own bread in quietness — that is, peacefully and obediently, living in due order. Nor, I think, do you believe anything evil of him, and in him who speaks through him you have believed.",[1761,4270,3000],{"id":2999},[11,4272,4273],{},"These things, my dearest and most venerable brother Aurelius in the bowels of Christ, regarding the work of monks — as much as he who through you commanded me to do it has granted me the ability — I have not delayed to write, taking greatest care that good brothers, obedient to the apostolic precepts, should not be called transgressors of the gospel even by the slothful and disobedient: so that those who do not work may at least not doubt that those who do work are to be preferred to themselves. For the rest, who could bear with men stubbornly resisting the most wholesome admonitions of the apostle — being tolerated not as the weaker brethren but even celebrated as the more holy — so that monasteries founded on sounder teaching should be corrupted by a twin enticement: both the dissolute license of idleness and the false name of holiness? Let the rest of our brothers and sons therefore also know — those who are accustomed to favor such persons and through ignorance to defend this kind of presumption — that they themselves above all need to be corrected, so that those others may be corrected too, and lest they [thereby] be weakened in doing good. As for what they do in promptly and eagerly supplying the servants of God with necessities, we not only do not reproach it, but embrace it most warmly — only let them not, through a perverse mercy, harm those men’s future life more than they relieve their present one.",{"title":19,"searchDepth":20,"depth":20,"links":4275},[4276],{"id":2999,"depth":20,"text":3000},{},"\u002Freadings\u002Ftranslation\u002Faugustine-monks\u002F589",{"description":4268},"readings\u002Ftranslation\u002Faugustine-monks\u002F589","8wV-oSyLXFOv3HLQX7FJl_XyZ4K9vdt-Xltqqc7OKXU",{"id":4283,"title":3015,"body":4284,"description":19,"extension":24,"meta":4299,"navigation":29,"page":3015,"path":4300,"pdf_page":3036,"reading":25,"seo":4301,"sortable_pagination_id":3036,"stem":4302,"__hash__":4303},"readingsTranslation\u002Freadings\u002Ftranslation\u002Faugustine-monks\u002F590.md",{"type":8,"value":4285,"toc":4296},[4286,4291,4293],[2387,4287,4288],{"start":3020},[2391,4289,4290],{},"For it is a lesser sin if the sinner is not praised in the desires of his soul, and the one who has done iniquity is not blessed.",[1761,4292,3027],{"id":3026},[11,4294,4295],{},"But what is more iniquitous than to wish to be obeyed by one’s inferiors while refusing to obey one’s superiors? I speak of the apostle, not of ourselves — so much so that they even grow out their hair; regarding which he did not wish there to be any dispute at all, saying: “But if anyone wishes to be contentious, we have no such custom, nor do the churches of God.” But this I command: that the dexterity of the debater not be sought, but the authority of the one commanding be heeded. For to what end, I ask, does one so openly wear one’s hair against the apostle’s precepts? Is idleness to be so thoroughly pursued that not even barbers may work? Or because they say they imitate the birds of the gospel, do they fear being plucked, lest they be unable to fly? I fear to say more about this vice on account of certain long-haired brothers, in whom besides this one thing we venerate much — indeed almost everything. But the more we love them in Christ, the more anxiously we admonish them. For we do not fear that their humility will reject our admonition, since we too desire to be admonished by such men wherever we ourselves happen to stumble or go astray. This, then, is our admonition to these holy men: not to be moved by the foolish argumentations of the vain, and not to imitate them in this perversity — men from whom they differ greatly in all else. For those men parade",{"title":19,"searchDepth":20,"depth":20,"links":4297},[4298],{"id":3026,"depth":20,"text":3027},{},"\u002Freadings\u002Ftranslation\u002Faugustine-monks\u002F590",{"description":19},"readings\u002Ftranslation\u002Faugustine-monks\u002F590","79rhi_6DrL0IKosPTsiEtBORXfwcgZc3YHNJfhc4An8",{"id":4305,"title":3042,"body":4306,"description":4310,"extension":24,"meta":4319,"navigation":29,"page":3042,"path":4320,"pdf_page":3060,"reading":25,"seo":4321,"sortable_pagination_id":3060,"stem":4322,"__hash__":4323},"readingsTranslation\u002Freadings\u002Ftranslation\u002Faugustine-monks\u002F591.md",{"type":8,"value":4307,"toc":4316},[4308,4311,4313],[11,4309,4310],{},"carrying their hypocrisy for sale, they fear lest a shorn holiness be held in lower esteem than a long-haired one — so that whoever sees them might think of those ancient ones we read of, Samuel and the rest, who did not cut their hair. And they do not consider what difference there is between that prophetic veil and this revelation of the gospel, of which the apostle says: “When you have turned to Christ, the veil will be removed.” For what the veil interposed between the face of Moses and the gaze of the people of Israel signifies, the long hair of the saints also signified in those times. For the same apostle also says that long hair serves as a veil — by whose authority these men are pressed. He says plainly: “If a man wears long hair, it is a dishonor to him.” “That very dishonor,” they say, “we take upon ourselves in recognition of our sins” — making this a screen of pretended humility, under which they display their pride for sale; as if the apostle were teaching pride when he says: “Every man who prays or prophesies with his head covered dishonors his head,” and: “A man ought not to cover his head, since he is the image and glory of God.” He who says “ought not” is perhaps ignorant of how to teach humility! But if in the age of the gospel these men seek this dishonor for the sake of humility — that which was a sacrament in the age of prophecy — let them shear their heads and cover them with sackcloth. But then that spectacle would not be for sale, because Samson was covered not with sackcloth but with hair.",[1761,4312,3051],{"id":3050},[11,4314,4315],{},"Now that other argument, which they have newly devised in defense of their long hair, is — if one may say so — how grievously absurd.",{"title":19,"searchDepth":20,"depth":20,"links":4317},[4318],{"id":3050,"depth":20,"text":3051},{},"\u002Freadings\u002Ftranslation\u002Faugustine-monks\u002F591",{"description":4310},"readings\u002Ftranslation\u002Faugustine-monks\u002F591","EepfPENVO1VsJTkAUVJsDWfa-jApnSrhwlPQIfETq3Q",{"id":4325,"title":3066,"body":4326,"description":4330,"extension":24,"meta":4333,"navigation":29,"page":3066,"path":4334,"pdf_page":3076,"reading":25,"seo":4335,"sortable_pagination_id":3076,"stem":4336,"__hash__":4337},"readingsTranslation\u002Freadings\u002Ftranslation\u002Faugustine-monks\u002F592.md",{"type":8,"value":4327,"toc":4331},[4328],[11,4329,4330],{},"“The apostle,” they say, “forbade a man to have long hair; but those who have castrated themselves for the sake of the kingdom of heaven are no longer men.” O singular madness! Rightly does he who says this arm himself with the counsel of wicked impiety against the plain testimony of sacred scripture, and persist in a crooked path, and strive to introduce a pestilential doctrine. For he is not the blessed man who has not gone in the counsel of the ungodly, nor stood in the way of sinners, nor sat in the seat of pestilence. For if he were to meditate on the law of God day and night, he would find there the apostle Paul himself, who, having certainly professed the highest chastity, says: “I would that all men were even as I myself,” and yet shows himself to be a man not only by so living but also by so speaking. For he says: “When I was a child, I spoke as a child, I understood as a child, I thought as a child; but when I became a man, I put away childish things.” But why should I mention the apostle, when those who say these things do not know what to think about our very Lord and Savior himself? For of whom else is it said: “Until we all come to the unity of the faith and of the knowledge of the Son of God, to a perfect man, to the measure of the stature of the fullness of Christ, that we should no longer be children tossed and carried about by every wind of doctrine, by the trickery of men, by cunning craftiness in the devising of",{"title":19,"searchDepth":20,"depth":20,"links":4332},[],{},"\u002Freadings\u002Ftranslation\u002Faugustine-monks\u002F592",{"description":4330},"readings\u002Ftranslation\u002Faugustine-monks\u002F592","hajV9DibKVoKtdmBgQqYnZbf7BjJfTfvp1bJUyae-fI",{"id":4339,"title":3082,"body":4340,"description":4344,"extension":24,"meta":4347,"navigation":29,"page":3082,"path":4348,"pdf_page":3092,"reading":25,"seo":4349,"sortable_pagination_id":3092,"stem":4350,"__hash__":4351},"readingsTranslation\u002Freadings\u002Ftranslation\u002Faugustine-monks\u002F593.md",{"type":8,"value":4341,"toc":4345},[4342],[11,4343,4344],{},"by what delusion these men deceive the unlearned, by what cunning and devices of the enemy they are themselves tossed about, and in their own spinning they try in a manner to make the minds of the weak spin with them, so that together they know not where they are. For they have heard or read what is written: “As many of you as were baptized into Christ have put on Christ, where there is neither Jew nor Greek, neither slave nor free, neither male nor female” — and they do not understand that this was said with regard to carnal sexual desire, because in the inner man, where we are renewed in the newness of our mind, there is no sex of this kind. Let them not therefore deny that they are men, on the ground that they make no use of the male sex. For even married Christians who do make use of it are not thereby Christians, since in this they have something in common with other non-Christians and even with the beasts themselves. For it is one thing that is conceded to weakness or rendered for mortal propagation; quite another is what is pledged by faithful profession to the attaining of incorrupt and eternal life. That which is enjoined upon men concerning not covering the head is figured indeed in the body, but is enacted in the mind, where the image and glory of God resides. The very words make this plain. “A man,” he says, “ought not to cover his head, since he is the image and glory of God.” And where this image resides he himself declares when he says: “Do not lie to one another, stripping off the old man with his deeds, and putting on the new, who is being renewed in the knowledge of God accor-",{"title":19,"searchDepth":20,"depth":20,"links":4346},[],{},"\u002Freadings\u002Ftranslation\u002Faugustine-monks\u002F593",{"description":4344},"readings\u002Ftranslation\u002Faugustine-monks\u002F593","bgyNgURuCJqF55iZPT1F7Z-WGD0e7S7Twq3pAc0ozUM",{"id":4353,"title":30,"body":4354,"description":4358,"extension":24,"meta":4361,"navigation":29,"page":30,"path":4362,"pdf_page":33,"reading":25,"seo":4363,"sortable_pagination_id":33,"stem":4364,"__hash__":4365},"readingsTranslation\u002Freadings\u002Ftranslation\u002Faugustine-monks\u002F594.md",{"type":8,"value":4355,"toc":4359},[4356],[11,4357,4358],{},"the apostolic precept offend and trouble the church — for when some who are unwilling to think ill of them are compelled to twist the plain words of the apostle into a perverse meaning, while others prefer to defend the sound understanding of the scriptures rather than to flatter any persons whatsoever, there arise among the brothers the most bitter and most dangerous quarrels between the weaker and the stronger: which they would surely correct without hesitation, if they were to know it — those whose other qualities we admire and love — these men, then, we do not rebuke, but we beseech and implore, by the divinity and humanity of Christ and by the charity of the Holy Spirit, that they put this stumbling-block before the weak no longer — those for whom Christ died — and that they not aggravate the pain and torment of our heart, as we consider how much more easily this evil could be imitated by wicked men for the deceiving of people, when they see it in those whom, on account of so many other good qualities, we honor with the fitting attentions of Christian love. But if, after this admonition — or rather, supplication — of ours, they shall think they must persevere in this practice, we shall do nothing other than grieve and groan. Let them know this; it is enough: if they are servants of God, let them have compassion; if they have no compassion, I do not wish to say anything harsher. All these matters, then, in which I have perhaps been more long-winded than either your occupations or mine would wish — if you approve, make them known to our brothers and sons, for whose sake you have deigned to lay this burden upon me; but if anything seems to need withdrawing or correcting, I shall learn of it from the reply of your blessedness.",{"title":19,"searchDepth":20,"depth":20,"links":4360},[],{},"\u002Freadings\u002Ftranslation\u002Faugustine-monks\u002F594",{"description":4358},"readings\u002Ftranslation\u002Faugustine-monks\u002F594","C64sd8Jn8rka6WKyThy5wYB1L_fWVf1W-6_NdlqR0Vk",1789161131910]