[{"data":1,"prerenderedAt":6899},["ShallowReactive",2],{"reading-huguccio-summa-causa-1":3,"authors":59,"doc-huguccio-summa-causa-1":1689,"transcription-cols-huguccio-summa-causa-1":1724,"translation-cols-huguccio-summa-causa-1":3359},{"id":4,"title":5,"author":6,"body":7,"description":39,"document":40,"extension":41,"key":42,"meta":43,"navigation":46,"page_end":47,"page_start":48,"path":49,"pdf_page_end":50,"pdf_page_start":51,"section":52,"seo":53,"stem":54,"title_en":55,"translator":56,"year":57,"__hash__":58},"readingsMeta\u002Freadings\u002Fmeta\u002Fhuguccio-summa-causa-1.md","Summa, ad C. 1: de symonia","huguccio-pisa",{"type":8,"value":9,"toc":35},"minimark",[10],[11,12,13,14,18,19,22,23,26,27,30,31,34],"p",{},"Huguccio of Pisa's commentary on Causa I of Gratian's ",[15,16,17],"em",{},"Decretum"," — the great twelfth-century ",[15,20,21],{},"quaestio de symonia",". Causa I treats a man who buys a church for his son and the chain of consequences for the simoniacal ordainer, the paying purchaser, the ordained son, and the parishioners who receive the sacraments from him. Across seven ",[15,24,25],{},"quaestiones"," Gratian asks whether such a transaction is simony at all, what counts as the ",[15,28,29],{},"munus a manu, lingua, obsequio",", whether bishops who confer free orders may afterwards charge fees for chrism or consecration, whether ordinations conferred by simoniacs are valid, whether the simoniacally ordained should be deposed even if ignorant, and how parishioners should regard sacraments from a simoniacal priest. Huguccio works through each ",[15,32,33],{},"quaestio"," with characteristic rigor, drawing on the prior decretist tradition (Rufinus, Stephen of Tournai, Johannes Faventinus, Simon of Bisignano) and shaping the doctrine that the Glossa ordinaria would later inherit.",{"title":36,"searchDepth":37,"depth":37,"links":38},"",2,[],"Huguccio of Pisa's commentary on Causa I of Gratian's Decretum — the great twelfth-century quaestio de symonia. Causa I treats a man who buys a church for his son and the chain of consequences for the simoniacal ordainer, the paying purchaser, the ordained son, and the parishioners who receive the sacraments from him. Across seven quaestiones Gratian asks whether such a transaction is simony at all, what counts as the munus a manu, lingua, obsequio, whether bishops who confer free orders may afterwards charge fees for chrism or consecration, whether ordinations conferred by simoniacs are valid, whether the simoniacally ordained should be deposed even if ignorant, and how parishioners should regard sacraments from a simoniacal priest. Huguccio works through each quaestio with characteristic rigor, drawing on the prior decretist tradition (Rufinus, Stephen of Tournai, Johannes Faventinus, Simon of Bisignano) and shaping the doctrine that the Glossa ordinaria would later inherit.","huguccio-summa-acsp-c114","md","huguccio-summa-causa-1",{"start_text":44,"end_text":45},"excusari in superiori causa","opus sodomiticum et huiusmodi",true,"119rb","117ra","\u002Freadings\u002Fmeta\u002Fhuguccio-summa-causa-1",237,233,"ad Decretum, Causa I (de symonia)",{"title":5,"description":39},"readings\u002Fmeta\u002Fhuguccio-summa-causa-1","Summa, on Causa 1: On simony",null,1190,"ObFizAWQZX_0udJu8Wgxya15IMOdeeezuu7ir6qiEJo",[60,98,140,177,204,222,242,280,310,346,373,416,461,512,534,558,588,615,649,682,708,739,766,795,822,862,892,918,939,960,994,1020,1041,1076,1096,1126,1147,1168,1189,1222,1251,1281,1311,1336,1366,1385,1421,1446,1471,1499,1528,1555,1585,1614,1634,1660],{"id":61,"title":62,"body":63,"born":86,"description":87,"died":88,"extension":41,"image":89,"key":90,"meta":91,"name":70,"name_en":92,"navigation":46,"path":93,"seo":94,"stem":95,"wikipedia":96,"__hash__":97},"authors\u002Fauthors\u002Falbert-the-great.md","Albert The Great",{"type":8,"value":64,"toc":84},[65],[11,66,67,68,71,72,75,76,79,80,83],{},"Albert the Great (",[15,69,70],{},"Albertus Magnus",", c. 1200–1280) was a German Dominican friar, philosopher, bishop of Regensburg, and one of the most learned figures of the thirteenth century, known as the ",[15,73,74],{},"Doctor Universalis",". He was among the first medieval scholars to integrate the newly translated Aristotelian corpus into Christian thought, producing extensive paraphrases and commentaries on nearly all of Aristotle's works, as well as a massive ",[15,77,78],{},"Commentary on the Sentences"," of Peter Lombard, a ",[15,81,82],{},"Summa Theologiae",", and treatises on natural philosophy, botany, and mineralogy. He taught at Paris and Cologne — where Thomas Aquinas was his most famous student — and shaped the Dominican intellectual tradition for generations. He was canonized in 1931 and declared a Doctor of the Church.",{"title":36,"searchDepth":37,"depth":37,"links":85},[],1200,"Albert the Great (Albertus Magnus, c. 1200–1280) was a German Dominican friar, philosopher, bishop of Regensburg, and one of the most learned figures of the thirteenth century, known as the Doctor Universalis. He was among the first medieval scholars to integrate the newly translated Aristotelian corpus into Christian thought, producing extensive paraphrases and commentaries on nearly all of Aristotle's works, as well as a massive Commentary on the Sentences of Peter Lombard, a Summa Theologiae, and treatises on natural philosophy, botany, and mineralogy. He taught at Paris and Cologne — where Thomas Aquinas was his most famous student — and shaped the Dominican intellectual tradition for generations. He was canonized in 1931 and declared a Doctor of the Church.",1280,"\u002Fa\u002Falbert-the-great.jpg","albert-the-great",{},"Albert the Great","\u002Fauthors\u002Falbert-the-great",{"description":87},"authors\u002Falbert-the-great","https:\u002F\u002Fen.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FAlbertus_Magnus","KeG3-K8ed5BbkReWwTlEdMp5xn7sJf20hUvLX6pvBrw",{"id":99,"title":100,"body":101,"born":128,"description":129,"died":130,"extension":41,"image":131,"key":132,"meta":133,"name":108,"name_en":134,"navigation":46,"path":135,"seo":136,"stem":137,"wikipedia":138,"__hash__":139},"authors\u002Fauthors\u002Falexander-of-hales.md","Alexander Of Hales",{"type":8,"value":102,"toc":126},[103],[11,104,105,106,109,110,113,114,117,118,121,122,125],{},"Alexander of Hales (",[15,107,108],{},"Alexander Halensis",", c. 1185–1245) was an English Franciscan theologian and master of the University of Paris, known as the ",[15,111,112],{},"Doctor Irrefragabilis"," (\"Irrefragable Doctor\"). After entering the Order of Friars Minor around 1236 as an established master, he transferred his chair in theology to the Franciscans, making him the first Franciscan regent master at Paris. He is credited with being the first scholastic to use Peter Lombard's ",[15,115,116],{},"Sentences"," as a textbook for systematic theology, and his lectures and disputations form the nucleus of the ",[15,119,120],{},"Summa Theologica"," (the ",[15,123,124],{},"Summa Halensis",") — a massive synthesis assembled, after his death, by his Franciscan students and collaborators. The work exerted profound influence on Bonaventure and the early Franciscan school.",{"title":36,"searchDepth":37,"depth":37,"links":127},[],1185,"Alexander of Hales (Alexander Halensis, c. 1185–1245) was an English Franciscan theologian and master of the University of Paris, known as the Doctor Irrefragabilis (\"Irrefragable Doctor\"). After entering the Order of Friars Minor around 1236 as an established master, he transferred his chair in theology to the Franciscans, making him the first Franciscan regent master at Paris. He is credited with being the first scholastic to use Peter Lombard's Sentences as a textbook for systematic theology, and his lectures and disputations form the nucleus of the Summa Theologica (the Summa Halensis) — a massive synthesis assembled, after his death, by his Franciscan students and collaborators. The work exerted profound influence on Bonaventure and the early Franciscan school.",1245,"\u002Fa\u002Falexander-of-hales.jpg","alexander-of-hales",{},"Alexander of Hales","\u002Fauthors\u002Falexander-of-hales",{"description":129},"authors\u002Falexander-of-hales","https:\u002F\u002Fen.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FAlexander_of_Hales","x-I-vMA6IXKaIjl_dQlCh-PClxCTJu2z1hip_74UfzA",{"id":141,"title":142,"body":143,"born":164,"description":165,"died":166,"extension":41,"image":167,"key":168,"meta":169,"name":170,"name_en":171,"navigation":46,"path":172,"seo":173,"stem":174,"wikipedia":175,"__hash__":176},"authors\u002Fauthors\u002Fambrose-of-milan.md","Ambrose Of Milan",{"type":8,"value":144,"toc":162},[145],[11,146,147,148,151,152,151,155,151,158,161],{},"Ambrose of Milan (c. 339–397) was bishop of Milan from 374 until his death and is counted among the four traditional Latin Doctors of the Church. Born at Trier into a Roman senatorial family, he was serving as governor of Aemilia-Liguria when the people of Milan acclaimed him bishop while he was still only a catechumen; he was baptized, ordained, and consecrated within a single week. As bishop he confronted Arian factions at court, defended ecclesiastical independence against the emperors Valentinian II and Theodosius — most famously imposing public penance on Theodosius after the massacre at Thessalonica — and instructed and baptized Augustine of Hippo. His exegetical works (commentaries on Luke, the Psalms, Genesis, and the patriarchs), dogmatic treatises (",[15,149,150],{},"De fide",", ",[15,153,154],{},"De Spiritu Sancto",[15,156,157],{},"De mysteriis",[15,159,160],{},"De officiis ministrorum","), Latin hymns, and pastoral letters shaped Latin theology, liturgy, and political thought throughout the Middle Ages.",{"title":36,"searchDepth":37,"depth":37,"links":163},[],339,"Ambrose of Milan (c. 339–397) was bishop of Milan from 374 until his death and is counted among the four traditional Latin Doctors of the Church. Born at Trier into a Roman senatorial family, he was serving as governor of Aemilia-Liguria when the people of Milan acclaimed him bishop while he was still only a catechumen; he was baptized, ordained, and consecrated within a single week. As bishop he confronted Arian factions at court, defended ecclesiastical independence against the emperors Valentinian II and Theodosius — most famously imposing public penance on Theodosius after the massacre at Thessalonica — and instructed and baptized Augustine of Hippo. His exegetical works (commentaries on Luke, the Psalms, Genesis, and the patriarchs), dogmatic treatises (De fide, De Spiritu Sancto, De mysteriis, De officiis ministrorum), Latin hymns, and pastoral letters shaped Latin theology, liturgy, and political thought throughout the Middle Ages.",397,"\u002Fa\u002Fambrose-of-milan.jpg","ambrose-of-milan",{},"Ambrosius Mediolanensis","Ambrose of Milan","\u002Fauthors\u002Fambrose-of-milan",{"description":165},"authors\u002Fambrose-of-milan","https:\u002F\u002Fen.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FAmbrose","1gIrF-hUENGnRPASStdOtIUKvnVnSMAFcm-L50Sep-Q",{"id":178,"title":179,"body":180,"born":191,"description":192,"died":193,"extension":41,"image":194,"key":195,"meta":196,"name":197,"name_en":198,"navigation":46,"path":199,"seo":200,"stem":201,"wikipedia":202,"__hash__":203},"authors\u002Fauthors\u002Fangelus-de-clavasio.md","Angelus De Clavasio",{"type":8,"value":181,"toc":189},[182],[11,183,184,185,188],{},"Angelus de Clavasio (Angelo Carletti di Chivasso, c. 1411–1495) was an Italian Observant Franciscan friar, moral theologian, and papal legate. Born at Chivasso in Piedmont, he studied at Bologna, earning doctorates in canon and civil law and in theology, before entering the Observant Franciscans, among whom he repeatedly served as vicar general. He was best known for his ",[15,186,187],{},"Summa angelica de casibus conscientiae",", an alphabetically arranged confessor's manual that became one of the most widely printed handbooks of moral and canonical casuistry of the late fifteenth century — so prominent that Luther consigned it to the flames alongside the canon law in 1520. He was beatified in 1753.",{"title":36,"searchDepth":37,"depth":37,"links":190},[],1411,"Angelus de Clavasio (Angelo Carletti di Chivasso, c. 1411–1495) was an Italian Observant Franciscan friar, moral theologian, and papal legate. Born at Chivasso in Piedmont, he studied at Bologna, earning doctorates in canon and civil law and in theology, before entering the Observant Franciscans, among whom he repeatedly served as vicar general. He was best known for his Summa angelica de casibus conscientiae, an alphabetically arranged confessor's manual that became one of the most widely printed handbooks of moral and canonical casuistry of the late fifteenth century — so prominent that Luther consigned it to the flames alongside the canon law in 1520. He was beatified in 1753.",1495,"\u002Fa\u002Fangelus-de-clavasio.jpg","angelus-de-clavasio",{},"Angelus de Clavasio","Angelo Carletti di Chivasso","\u002Fauthors\u002Fangelus-de-clavasio",{"description":192},"authors\u002Fangelus-de-clavasio","https:\u002F\u002Fen.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FAngelo_Carletti_di_Chivasso","EByOyDoS6BVw15dZTgofSW93myBxBv17eL4x_V_ggd8",{"id":205,"title":206,"body":207,"born":56,"description":211,"died":56,"extension":41,"image":214,"key":215,"meta":216,"name":217,"name_en":206,"navigation":46,"path":218,"seo":219,"stem":220,"wikipedia":56,"__hash__":221},"authors\u002Fauthors\u002Fanonymous.md","Anonymous",{"type":8,"value":208,"toc":212},[209],[11,210,211],{},"Author unknown.",{"title":36,"searchDepth":37,"depth":37,"links":213},[],"\u002Fa\u002Fanonymous.jpg","anonymous",{},"Anonymus","\u002Fauthors\u002Fanonymous",{"description":211},"authors\u002Fanonymous","Nox472aTg2LHPXTza2yaMPmf170xP_nUx-nN0Fzl3Eg",{"id":223,"title":224,"body":225,"born":232,"description":229,"died":233,"extension":41,"image":234,"key":235,"meta":236,"name":224,"name_en":224,"navigation":46,"path":237,"seo":238,"stem":239,"wikipedia":240,"__hash__":241},"authors\u002Fauthors\u002Fanthony-tuckney.md","Anthony Tuckney",{"type":8,"value":226,"toc":230},[227],[11,228,229],{},"Anthony Tuckney (1599–1670) was an English Puritan theologian and Cambridge divine. He served successively as Master of Emmanuel College (1645–1653) and Master of St John's College (1653–1660), and held the Regius Professorship of Divinity at Cambridge. A prominent member of the Westminster Assembly, he played a significant role in drafting the Westminster Confession and Catechisms. He is remembered particularly for his correspondence with Benjamin Whichcote, in which he defended Reformed orthodoxy against the latitude of the Cambridge Platonists. His forty sermons, preached over the course of his ministry and published posthumously by his son Jonathan in 1676, represent the breadth of his practical and doctrinal preaching.",{"title":36,"searchDepth":37,"depth":37,"links":231},[],1599,1670,"\u002Fa\u002Fanthony-tuckney.jpg","anthony-tuckney",{},"\u002Fauthors\u002Fanthony-tuckney",{"description":229},"authors\u002Fanthony-tuckney","https:\u002F\u002Fen.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FAnthony_Tuckney","y7g6LfIYXk643kHnxOw7p-1bu0zSkewj_TW_8gIKq4E",{"id":243,"title":244,"body":245,"born":268,"description":269,"died":270,"extension":41,"image":271,"key":272,"meta":273,"name":274,"name_en":244,"navigation":46,"path":275,"seo":276,"stem":277,"wikipedia":278,"__hash__":279},"authors\u002Fauthors\u002Faphrahat.md","Aphrahat",{"type":8,"value":246,"toc":266},[247],[11,248,249,250,253,254,257,258,261,262,265],{},"Aphrahat (c. 280–c. 345), called the Persian Sage (",[15,251,252],{},"Sapiens Persa","), was a fourth-century Syriac Christian writer who lived under the Sasanian Empire, almost certainly as a celibate ascetic and possibly as a bishop or head of the monastery of Mar Mattai near Mosul. He is the earliest substantial witness to Syriac Christian thought, writing entirely outside the Greco-Roman world and apparently in no significant contact with the Greek theological tradition. Between 337 and 345 he composed twenty-three ",[15,255,256],{},"Demonstrations"," (",[15,259,260],{},"tahwyātā","), the first twenty-two arranged as an alphabetical acrostic on the Syriac alphabet and treating the Christian life — faith, love, fasting, prayer, war, monasticism, penitents, the resurrection, humility, pastors, the dispute with the Jews, the messiah, the foods, virginity, almsgiving, persecution, and death — and the twenty-third, on the grape (",[15,263,264],{},"De Acino","), serving as a recapitulation of salvation history. His expositions are notable for their extensive scriptural argumentation, their preservation of pre-Nicene exegesis, and their detailed engagement with Jewish interlocutors during the persecution of Shapur II.",{"title":36,"searchDepth":37,"depth":37,"links":267},[],280,"Aphrahat (c. 280–c. 345), called the Persian Sage (Sapiens Persa), was a fourth-century Syriac Christian writer who lived under the Sasanian Empire, almost certainly as a celibate ascetic and possibly as a bishop or head of the monastery of Mar Mattai near Mosul. He is the earliest substantial witness to Syriac Christian thought, writing entirely outside the Greco-Roman world and apparently in no significant contact with the Greek theological tradition. Between 337 and 345 he composed twenty-three Demonstrations (tahwyātā), the first twenty-two arranged as an alphabetical acrostic on the Syriac alphabet and treating the Christian life — faith, love, fasting, prayer, war, monasticism, penitents, the resurrection, humility, pastors, the dispute with the Jews, the messiah, the foods, virginity, almsgiving, persecution, and death — and the twenty-third, on the grape (De Acino), serving as a recapitulation of salvation history. His expositions are notable for their extensive scriptural argumentation, their preservation of pre-Nicene exegesis, and their detailed engagement with Jewish interlocutors during the persecution of Shapur II.",345,"\u002Fa\u002Faphrahat.jpg","aphrahat",{},"Aphraates Sapiens Persa","\u002Fauthors\u002Faphrahat",{"description":269},"authors\u002Faphrahat","https:\u002F\u002Fen.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FAphrahat","KdGPaJEL1jlFYg88XCFtoUinuyVnVCQAirupPAaAkK0",{"id":281,"title":282,"body":283,"born":56,"description":298,"died":299,"extension":41,"image":300,"key":301,"meta":302,"name":303,"name_en":304,"navigation":46,"path":305,"seo":306,"stem":307,"wikipedia":308,"__hash__":309},"authors\u002Fauthors\u002Fastesanus-of-asti.md","Astesanus Of Asti",{"type":8,"value":284,"toc":296},[285],[11,286,287,288,291,292,295],{},"Astesanus of Asti (died c. 1330) was a Franciscan friar from Asti in Piedmont and a canon lawyer. His major work, the ",[15,289,290],{},"Summa de casibus conscientiae"," (c. 1317), became one of the most widely circulated confessors' manuals of the later Middle Ages, surviving in numerous manuscripts and early printed editions. Drawing on both civil and canon law, it was valued as a practical reference for cases of conscience, with its sections ",[15,293,294],{},"De significatione verborum"," singled out for their treatment of legal terminology. He dedicated the work to Cardinal Giovanni Caetani Orsini.",{"title":36,"searchDepth":37,"depth":37,"links":297},[],"Astesanus of Asti (died c. 1330) was a Franciscan friar from Asti in Piedmont and a canon lawyer. His major work, the Summa de casibus conscientiae (c. 1317), became one of the most widely circulated confessors' manuals of the later Middle Ages, surviving in numerous manuscripts and early printed editions. Drawing on both civil and canon law, it was valued as a practical reference for cases of conscience, with its sections De significatione verborum singled out for their treatment of legal terminology. He dedicated the work to Cardinal Giovanni Caetani Orsini.",1330,"\u002Fa\u002Fastesanus-of-asti.jpg","astesanus-of-asti",{},"Astesanus de Ast","Astesanus of Asti","\u002Fauthors\u002Fastesanus-of-asti",{"description":298},"authors\u002Fastesanus-of-asti","https:\u002F\u002Fen.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FAstesanus_of_Asti","pb0UlvnzVGelYoG26swO5fjP84E_LiMXYUvYAeiLDJc",{"id":311,"title":312,"body":313,"born":333,"description":334,"died":335,"extension":41,"image":336,"key":337,"meta":338,"name":339,"name_en":340,"navigation":46,"path":341,"seo":342,"stem":343,"wikipedia":344,"__hash__":345},"authors\u002Fauthors\u002Faugustine.md","Augustine",{"type":8,"value":314,"toc":331},[315],[11,316,317,318,321,322,151,324,151,327,330],{},"Augustine of Hippo (354–430) was a bishop, theologian, and philosopher from Roman North Africa, widely considered one of the most influential figures in the history of Christianity and Western philosophy. Born in Thagaste (modern Algeria) and educated in rhetoric at Carthage, he converted to Christianity in 386 after years of intellectual searching, an experience recounted in his ",[15,319,320],{},"Confessions",". As bishop of Hippo Regius from 396 until his death, he wrote prolifically on theology, scripture, ethics, and church discipline; his major works — including the ",[15,323,320],{},[15,325,326],{},"The City of God",[15,328,329],{},"On the Trinity",", and numerous treatises and letters — shaped Latin theology throughout the medieval and Reformation periods.",{"title":36,"searchDepth":37,"depth":37,"links":332},[],354,"Augustine of Hippo (354–430) was a bishop, theologian, and philosopher from Roman North Africa, widely considered one of the most influential figures in the history of Christianity and Western philosophy. Born in Thagaste (modern Algeria) and educated in rhetoric at Carthage, he converted to Christianity in 386 after years of intellectual searching, an experience recounted in his Confessions. As bishop of Hippo Regius from 396 until his death, he wrote prolifically on theology, scripture, ethics, and church discipline; his major works — including the Confessions, The City of God, On the Trinity, and numerous treatises and letters — shaped Latin theology throughout the medieval and Reformation periods.",430,"\u002Fa\u002Faugustine.jpg","augustine",{},"Aurelius Augustinus Hipponensis","Augustine of Hippo","\u002Fauthors\u002Faugustine",{"description":334},"authors\u002Faugustine","https:\u002F\u002Fen.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FAugustine_of_Hippo","UwwfGL6TpYZHQEoysAC2TegpfrYOWkZUQQ_TwMcDkw8",{"id":347,"title":348,"body":349,"born":360,"description":361,"died":362,"extension":41,"image":363,"key":364,"meta":365,"name":366,"name_en":367,"navigation":46,"path":368,"seo":369,"stem":370,"wikipedia":371,"__hash__":372},"authors\u002Fauthors\u002Fbasil-of-caesarea.md","Basil Of Caesarea",{"type":8,"value":350,"toc":358},[351],[11,352,353,354,357],{},"Basil of Caesarea (c. 329–379), also known as Basil the Great, was bishop of Caesarea in Cappadocia from 370 until his death and is counted among the four Greek Doctors of the Church. Educated in Athens alongside Gregory of Nazianzus, he became one of the foremost theologians of the Nicene party in the Arian controversy, defending the full divinity of both the Son and the Holy Spirit. His voluminous correspondence — over three hundred letters survive — documents the political and theological struggles of the post-Nicene church and his efforts to unite Eastern bishops around Nicene orthodoxy. He is also the founder of the cenobitic monastic tradition in the Greek East, whose rules (",[15,355,356],{},"Asketikon",") shaped Byzantine monasticism, and a major liturgical figure whose name is attached to one of the principal Eastern eucharistic anaphoras.",{"title":36,"searchDepth":37,"depth":37,"links":359},[],329,"Basil of Caesarea (c. 329–379), also known as Basil the Great, was bishop of Caesarea in Cappadocia from 370 until his death and is counted among the four Greek Doctors of the Church. Educated in Athens alongside Gregory of Nazianzus, he became one of the foremost theologians of the Nicene party in the Arian controversy, defending the full divinity of both the Son and the Holy Spirit. His voluminous correspondence — over three hundred letters survive — documents the political and theological struggles of the post-Nicene church and his efforts to unite Eastern bishops around Nicene orthodoxy. He is also the founder of the cenobitic monastic tradition in the Greek East, whose rules (Asketikon) shaped Byzantine monasticism, and a major liturgical figure whose name is attached to one of the principal Eastern eucharistic anaphoras.",379,"\u002Fa\u002Fbasil-of-caesarea.jpg","basil-of-caesarea",{},"Basilius Caesariensis","Basil of Caesarea","\u002Fauthors\u002Fbasil-of-caesarea",{"description":361},"authors\u002Fbasil-of-caesarea","https:\u002F\u002Fen.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FBasil_of_Caesarea","GK-H2kZEeXbotlZxLZFcxETjr7_0-_FsSXchk7Xf-Eg",{"id":374,"title":375,"body":376,"born":405,"description":406,"died":407,"extension":41,"image":408,"key":409,"meta":410,"name":383,"name_en":375,"navigation":46,"path":411,"seo":412,"stem":413,"wikipedia":414,"__hash__":415},"authors\u002Fauthors\u002Fbonaventure.md","Bonaventure",{"type":8,"value":377,"toc":403},[378],[11,379,380,381,384,385,388,389,391,392,151,395,398,399,402],{},"Bonaventure of Bagnoregio (",[15,382,383],{},"Bonaventura",", c. 1217–1274), known as the ",[15,386,387],{},"Doctor Seraphicus",", was an Italian Franciscan theologian, philosopher, and cardinal. A student of Alexander of Hales at the University of Paris, he became regent master in theology there alongside his contemporary Thomas Aquinas. Elected Minister General of the Order of Friars Minor in 1257, he guided the Franciscans through a period of internal crisis and is often called the order's \"second founder.\" His commentary on Peter Lombard's ",[15,390,116],{}," — composed in the late 1250s — remains the most influential medieval Franciscan systematic theology, and his shorter works (",[15,393,394],{},"Itinerarium mentis in Deum",[15,396,397],{},"Breviloquium",", the ",[15,400,401],{},"Legenda Maior"," of Francis) shaped Franciscan spirituality. Created Cardinal Bishop of Albano in 1273, he died at the Second Council of Lyon (1274); he was canonized in 1482 and named a Doctor of the Church in 1588.",{"title":36,"searchDepth":37,"depth":37,"links":404},[],1217,"Bonaventure of Bagnoregio (Bonaventura, c. 1217–1274), known as the Doctor Seraphicus, was an Italian Franciscan theologian, philosopher, and cardinal. A student of Alexander of Hales at the University of Paris, he became regent master in theology there alongside his contemporary Thomas Aquinas. Elected Minister General of the Order of Friars Minor in 1257, he guided the Franciscans through a period of internal crisis and is often called the order's \"second founder.\" His commentary on Peter Lombard's Sentences — composed in the late 1250s — remains the most influential medieval Franciscan systematic theology, and his shorter works (Itinerarium mentis in Deum, Breviloquium, the Legenda Maior of Francis) shaped Franciscan spirituality. Created Cardinal Bishop of Albano in 1273, he died at the Second Council of Lyon (1274); he was canonized in 1482 and named a Doctor of the Church in 1588.",1274,"\u002Fa\u002Fbonaventure.jpg","bonaventure",{},"\u002Fauthors\u002Fbonaventure",{"description":406},"authors\u002Fbonaventure","https:\u002F\u002Fen.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FBonaventure","-NAcDTzRz7gQ_tXcRuzXIPrWdwTVElumdfCjIMHQQY8",{"id":417,"title":418,"body":419,"born":449,"description":450,"died":451,"extension":41,"image":452,"key":453,"meta":454,"name":455,"name_en":455,"navigation":46,"path":456,"seo":457,"stem":458,"wikipedia":459,"__hash__":460},"authors\u002Fauthors\u002Fdante.md","Dante",{"type":8,"value":420,"toc":447},[421],[11,422,423,424,427,428,431,432,435,436,439,440,443,444,446],{},"Dante Alighieri (1265–1321) was a Florentine poet, political thinker, and moral philosopher, widely regarded as the greatest writer of the Italian Middle Ages and one of the foundational figures of European literature. Born into a minor noble family in Florence, he served in civic offices of the Florentine republic until his exile in 1302 after the victory of the Black Guelphs, after which he never returned to his city. His literary output includes the ",[15,425,426],{},"Vita Nuova",", the philosophical ",[15,429,430],{},"Convivio",", the Latin treatises ",[15,433,434],{},"De vulgari eloquentia"," and ",[15,437,438],{},"Monarchia",", and above all the ",[15,441,442],{},"Commedia",", completed shortly before his death in Ravenna. The ",[15,445,442],{}," established the Tuscan vernacular as a literary language and exerted a shaping influence on theology, political thought, and poetic form in the centuries that followed.",{"title":36,"searchDepth":37,"depth":37,"links":448},[],1265,"Dante Alighieri (1265–1321) was a Florentine poet, political thinker, and moral philosopher, widely regarded as the greatest writer of the Italian Middle Ages and one of the foundational figures of European literature. Born into a minor noble family in Florence, he served in civic offices of the Florentine republic until his exile in 1302 after the victory of the Black Guelphs, after which he never returned to his city. His literary output includes the Vita Nuova, the philosophical Convivio, the Latin treatises De vulgari eloquentia and Monarchia, and above all the Commedia, completed shortly before his death in Ravenna. The Commedia established the Tuscan vernacular as a literary language and exerted a shaping influence on theology, political thought, and poetic form in the centuries that followed.",1321,"\u002Fa\u002Fdante.jpg","dante",{},"Dante Alighieri","\u002Fauthors\u002Fdante",{"description":450},"authors\u002Fdante","https:\u002F\u002Fen.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FDante_Alighieri","sbmVqfGjvyhf1vKynlzR-GfT8XHadkPtC-RAIV4jiHU",{"id":462,"title":463,"body":464,"born":449,"description":501,"died":502,"extension":41,"image":503,"key":504,"meta":505,"name":471,"name_en":506,"navigation":46,"path":507,"seo":508,"stem":509,"wikipedia":510,"__hash__":511},"authors\u002Fauthors\u002Fduns-scotus.md","Duns Scotus",{"type":8,"value":465,"toc":499},[466],[11,467,468,469,472,473,476,477,479,480,483,484,487,488,491,492,494,495,498],{},"John Duns Scotus (",[15,470,471],{},"Joannes Duns Scotus",", c. 1265\u002F66–1308), known as the ",[15,474,475],{},"Doctor Subtilis",", was a Scottish Franciscan theologian and philosopher whose work shaped late-medieval scholasticism. After joining the Order of Friars Minor and studying at Oxford and Paris, he lectured on Peter Lombard's ",[15,478,116],{}," at both universities; his successive lecture courses survive as the ",[15,481,482],{},"Lectura"," (Oxford), the ",[15,485,486],{},"Ordinatio"," (the revised \"Oxford work\" he was preparing for publication at his death), and the ",[15,489,490],{},"Reportationes"," (Paris). He died at Cologne in 1308 at around forty-three years old, leaving the ",[15,493,486],{}," unfinished. His sharply argued positions on the univocity of being, formal distinction, individuation by ",[15,496,497],{},"haecceitas",", the will's primacy, and the Immaculate Conception founded the Scotist school — which alongside Thomism became one of the two great currents of late-medieval Catholic theology. He was beatified in 1993.",{"title":36,"searchDepth":37,"depth":37,"links":500},[],"John Duns Scotus (Joannes Duns Scotus, c. 1265\u002F66–1308), known as the Doctor Subtilis, was a Scottish Franciscan theologian and philosopher whose work shaped late-medieval scholasticism. After joining the Order of Friars Minor and studying at Oxford and Paris, he lectured on Peter Lombard's Sentences at both universities; his successive lecture courses survive as the Lectura (Oxford), the Ordinatio (the revised \"Oxford work\" he was preparing for publication at his death), and the Reportationes (Paris). He died at Cologne in 1308 at around forty-three years old, leaving the Ordinatio unfinished. His sharply argued positions on the univocity of being, formal distinction, individuation by haecceitas, the will's primacy, and the Immaculate Conception founded the Scotist school — which alongside Thomism became one of the two great currents of late-medieval Catholic theology. He was beatified in 1993.",1308,"\u002Fa\u002Fduns-scotus.jpg","duns-scotus",{},"John Duns Scotus","\u002Fauthors\u002Fduns-scotus",{"description":501},"authors\u002Fduns-scotus","https:\u002F\u002Fen.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FDuns_Scotus","F1GUXpC6XZn4GcnRDL1atx7vfvbaZ9P04pBzzbPvqMU",{"id":513,"title":514,"body":515,"born":522,"description":519,"died":523,"extension":41,"image":524,"key":525,"meta":526,"name":527,"name_en":528,"navigation":46,"path":529,"seo":530,"stem":531,"wikipedia":532,"__hash__":533},"authors\u002Fauthors\u002Fdurandus.md","Durandus",{"type":8,"value":516,"toc":520},[517],[11,518,519],{},"Durand of Saint-Pourçain (Durandus de Sancto Porciano) was a French Dominican theologian and philosopher, born around 1275 in the Auvergne region of France. He studied and taught in Paris and became one of the most original scholastic thinkers of the early fourteenth century, known for diverging from the Thomistic positions dominant in his order on questions of cognition, individuation, and the soul's powers. He served as Bishop of Limoux (1317), Le Puy-en-Velay (1318), and Meaux (1326) until his death in 1334. His commentary on the Sentences of Peter Lombard, which went through multiple redactions, remains his most influential work and was widely read and disputed throughout the later medieval period.",{"title":36,"searchDepth":37,"depth":37,"links":521},[],1275,1334,"\u002Fa\u002Fdurandus.jpg","durandus",{},"Durandus de Sancto Porciano","Durand of Saint-Pourçain","\u002Fauthors\u002Fdurandus",{"description":519},"authors\u002Fdurandus","https:\u002F\u002Fen.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FDurand_of_Saint-Pourçain","PlfMwhAZ5xeWk89Tpdw4kGaHana1SQfC-_Glh0P3QjA",{"id":535,"title":536,"body":537,"born":548,"description":549,"died":193,"extension":41,"image":550,"key":551,"meta":552,"name":536,"name_en":536,"navigation":46,"path":553,"seo":554,"stem":555,"wikipedia":556,"__hash__":557},"authors\u002Fauthors\u002Fgabriel-biel.md","Gabriel Biel",{"type":8,"value":538,"toc":546},[539],[11,540,541,542,545],{},"Gabriel Biel (c. 1425–1495) was a German Catholic theologian and one of the last major representatives of late scholasticism, often called \"the last of the scholastics.\" Born in Speyer, he studied at Heidelberg, Erfurt, and Cologne before becoming a cathedral preacher in Mainz and later joining the Brethren of the Common Life. In 1484 he was appointed to the newly founded University of Tübingen, where he taught theology until shortly before his death. His principal work, the ",[15,543,544],{},"Collectorium circa quattuor libros Sententiarum",", is a vast synthesis of nominalist theology drawing especially on William of Ockham, and exercised a profound influence on Martin Luther and other reformers.",{"title":36,"searchDepth":37,"depth":37,"links":547},[],1425,"Gabriel Biel (c. 1425–1495) was a German Catholic theologian and one of the last major representatives of late scholasticism, often called \"the last of the scholastics.\" Born in Speyer, he studied at Heidelberg, Erfurt, and Cologne before becoming a cathedral preacher in Mainz and later joining the Brethren of the Common Life. In 1484 he was appointed to the newly founded University of Tübingen, where he taught theology until shortly before his death. His principal work, the Collectorium circa quattuor libros Sententiarum, is a vast synthesis of nominalist theology drawing especially on William of Ockham, and exercised a profound influence on Martin Luther and other reformers.","\u002Fa\u002Fgabriel-biel.jpg","gabriel-biel",{},"\u002Fauthors\u002Fgabriel-biel",{"description":549},"authors\u002Fgabriel-biel","https:\u002F\u002Fen.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FGabriel_Biel","OrjDn-z-wcBjM-VgytH4dda_0i04ofXuVOLUzS026iA",{"id":559,"title":560,"body":561,"born":576,"description":577,"died":578,"extension":41,"image":579,"key":580,"meta":581,"name":582,"name_en":560,"navigation":46,"path":583,"seo":584,"stem":585,"wikipedia":586,"__hash__":587},"authors\u002Fauthors\u002Fgeert-groote.md","Geert Groote",{"type":8,"value":562,"toc":574},[563],[11,564,565,566,569,570,573],{},"Geert Groote (Gerardus Magnus, 1340–1384) was a Dutch preacher, deacon, and reformer of Deventer who, after a worldly youth and university studies at Paris, underwent a religious conversion around 1374 and devoted the rest of his life to the renewal of Christian piety in the IJssel region. Licensed to preach throughout the diocese of Utrecht, he attacked clerical abuses — including simony, concubinage, and the buying of admission to beguine houses — and gathered a community of women in his family home that became the seed of the Sisters of the Common Life; his followers among his student Florens Radewijns and others founded the Brethren of the Common Life shortly after his death. Groote is regarded as the father of the ",[15,567,568],{},"devotio moderna",", the late-medieval movement of inward piety and lay spirituality that shaped Thomas à Kempis's ",[15,571,572],{},"Imitatio Christi"," and the Windesheim Congregation of Augustinian Canons. He died of plague at Deventer while caring for the sick.",{"title":36,"searchDepth":37,"depth":37,"links":575},[],1340,"Geert Groote (Gerardus Magnus, 1340–1384) was a Dutch preacher, deacon, and reformer of Deventer who, after a worldly youth and university studies at Paris, underwent a religious conversion around 1374 and devoted the rest of his life to the renewal of Christian piety in the IJssel region. Licensed to preach throughout the diocese of Utrecht, he attacked clerical abuses — including simony, concubinage, and the buying of admission to beguine houses — and gathered a community of women in his family home that became the seed of the Sisters of the Common Life; his followers among his student Florens Radewijns and others founded the Brethren of the Common Life shortly after his death. Groote is regarded as the father of the devotio moderna, the late-medieval movement of inward piety and lay spirituality that shaped Thomas à Kempis's Imitatio Christi and the Windesheim Congregation of Augustinian Canons. He died of plague at Deventer while caring for the sick.",1384,"\u002Fa\u002Fgeert-groote.jpg","geert-groote",{},"Gerardus Magnus","\u002Fauthors\u002Fgeert-groote",{"description":577},"authors\u002Fgeert-groote","https:\u002F\u002Fen.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FGeert_Groote","b-IV2ZEjuQFpxUQPP4dTddW4vbK0F-XyzqOmF9QcnwE",{"id":589,"title":590,"body":591,"born":56,"description":605,"died":56,"extension":41,"image":606,"key":607,"meta":608,"name":609,"name_en":610,"navigation":46,"path":611,"seo":612,"stem":613,"wikipedia":56,"__hash__":614},"authors\u002Fauthors\u002Fgeoffrey-poitiers.md","Geoffrey Poitiers",{"type":8,"value":592,"toc":603},[593],[11,594,595,596,599,600,602],{},"Geoffrey of Poitiers (Gaufridus Pictaviensis, fl. early 13th century) was a master of theology at the University of Paris, active in the circle of Peter the Chanter and a student of Stephen Langton. His ",[15,597,598],{},"Summa"," (composed ca. 1213–1215) is one of the earliest systematic Parisian summas to draw extensively on Langton's lectures, treating God, creation, the fall, the incarnation, the sacraments, and Christian ethics in the order of Peter Lombard's ",[15,601,116],{},". Though widely cited by later scholastics and surviving in several manuscripts, the Summa was never printed and remains largely unedited; only excerpts have appeared in modern scholarship.",{"title":36,"searchDepth":37,"depth":37,"links":604},[],"Geoffrey of Poitiers (Gaufridus Pictaviensis, fl. early 13th century) was a master of theology at the University of Paris, active in the circle of Peter the Chanter and a student of Stephen Langton. His Summa (composed ca. 1213–1215) is one of the earliest systematic Parisian summas to draw extensively on Langton's lectures, treating God, creation, the fall, the incarnation, the sacraments, and Christian ethics in the order of Peter Lombard's Sentences. Though widely cited by later scholastics and surviving in several manuscripts, the Summa was never printed and remains largely unedited; only excerpts have appeared in modern scholarship.","\u002Fa\u002Fgeoffrey-poitiers.jpg","geoffrey-poitiers",{},"Gaufridus Pictaviensis","Geoffrey of Poitiers","\u002Fauthors\u002Fgeoffrey-poitiers",{"description":605},"authors\u002Fgeoffrey-poitiers","M1gipf-7_elXipk3xo8cXGv9CjEbz4sZGWDfKlji8oY",{"id":616,"title":617,"body":618,"born":636,"description":637,"died":638,"extension":41,"image":639,"key":640,"meta":641,"name":642,"name_en":643,"navigation":46,"path":644,"seo":645,"stem":646,"wikipedia":647,"__hash__":648},"authors\u002Fauthors\u002Fgerhoh.md","Gerhoh",{"type":8,"value":619,"toc":634},[620],[11,621,622,623,398,626,629,630,633],{},"Gerhoch of Reichersberg (1093–1169) was a German Augustinian canon, reformer, and prolific polemical theologian who served as provost of the monastery of Reichersberg in Bavaria from 1132 until his death. A committed adherent of the Gregorian Reform, he wrote extensively against simony, lay investiture, and the perceived corruption of the imperial church, while also engaging in doctrinal controversies with the schools of Paris over the nature of Christ and the sacraments. His major works include the ",[15,624,625],{},"Liber de edificio Dei",[15,627,628],{},"De investigatione Antichristi",", and extensive commentaries on the Psalms, which weave together ecclesiological polemic and spiritual exegesis. His writings occupy the bulk of the third volume of the MGH ",[15,631,632],{},"Libelli de Lite",", reflecting his central importance in twelfth-century debates over ecclesiastical reform.",{"title":36,"searchDepth":37,"depth":37,"links":635},[],1093,"Gerhoch of Reichersberg (1093–1169) was a German Augustinian canon, reformer, and prolific polemical theologian who served as provost of the monastery of Reichersberg in Bavaria from 1132 until his death. A committed adherent of the Gregorian Reform, he wrote extensively against simony, lay investiture, and the perceived corruption of the imperial church, while also engaging in doctrinal controversies with the schools of Paris over the nature of Christ and the sacraments. His major works include the Liber de edificio Dei, the De investigatione Antichristi, and extensive commentaries on the Psalms, which weave together ecclesiological polemic and spiritual exegesis. His writings occupy the bulk of the third volume of the MGH Libelli de Lite, reflecting his central importance in twelfth-century debates over ecclesiastical reform.",1169,"\u002Fa\u002Fgerhoh.jpg","gerhoh",{},"Gerhohus Reichersbergensis","Gerhoch of Reichersberg","\u002Fauthors\u002Fgerhoh",{"description":637},"authors\u002Fgerhoh","https:\u002F\u002Fen.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FGerhoch_of_Reichersberg","owlQGz1y97IRaUe9U9_BPGDUg6xyBJgJizZrIgbyukU",{"id":650,"title":651,"body":652,"born":670,"description":671,"died":672,"extension":41,"image":673,"key":674,"meta":675,"name":676,"name_en":651,"navigation":46,"path":677,"seo":678,"stem":679,"wikipedia":680,"__hash__":681},"authors\u002Fauthors\u002Fgratian.md","Gratian",{"type":8,"value":653,"toc":668},[654],[11,655,656,657,660,661,663,664,667],{},"Gratian was a twelfth-century monk and jurist, probably active at the Camaldolese monastery of Saints Felix and Nabor in Bologna, where he compiled the ",[15,658,659],{},"Concordia Discordantium Canonum"," (later called the ",[15,662,17],{},") around 1140. The work reconciled contradictory statements from patristic writings, papal decretals, and conciliar canons using the scholastic method, creating the first systematic synthesis of canon law. It became the foundational text of the ",[15,665,666],{},"Corpus Iuris Canonici"," and remained the basis of Catholic canonical studies until the promulgation of the 1917 Code of Canon Law. Gratian's biography is largely unknown; his dates, origin, and even his status as a historical individual have been subjects of scholarly debate.",{"title":36,"searchDepth":37,"depth":37,"links":669},[],1080,"Gratian was a twelfth-century monk and jurist, probably active at the Camaldolese monastery of Saints Felix and Nabor in Bologna, where he compiled the Concordia Discordantium Canonum (later called the Decretum) around 1140. The work reconciled contradictory statements from patristic writings, papal decretals, and conciliar canons using the scholastic method, creating the first systematic synthesis of canon law. It became the foundational text of the Corpus Iuris Canonici and remained the basis of Catholic canonical studies until the promulgation of the 1917 Code of Canon Law. Gratian's biography is largely unknown; his dates, origin, and even his status as a historical individual have been subjects of scholarly debate.",1160,"\u002Fa\u002Fgratian.jpg","gratian",{},"Gratianus","\u002Fauthors\u002Fgratian",{"description":671},"authors\u002Fgratian","https:\u002F\u002Fen.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FGratian_(jurist)","SSCmUYlulbEAixUBTz5ESN6o8Vj5bvX5YVHwRZXruz4",{"id":683,"title":684,"body":685,"born":696,"description":697,"died":698,"extension":41,"image":699,"key":700,"meta":701,"name":702,"name_en":684,"navigation":46,"path":703,"seo":704,"stem":705,"wikipedia":706,"__hash__":707},"authors\u002Fauthors\u002Fgregory-i.md","Gregory I",{"type":8,"value":686,"toc":694},[687],[11,688,689,690,693],{},"Gregory I, known as Gregory the Great, served as bishop of Rome from 590 until his death in 604, becoming one of the most influential popes of late antiquity and the early medieval period. Born into a Roman senatorial family around 540, he converted his family estate into a monastery before being drawn into papal diplomacy and ultimately elected pope. His voluminous correspondence, preserved in the ",[15,691,692],{},"Registrum Epistolarum",", reveals the broad scope of his administrative, pastoral, and theological concerns, from the organization of church property and the conversion of the Anglo-Saxons to the suppression of simony and the care of the Roman poor. He is recognized as a Doctor of the Church and patron saint of musicians and teachers.",{"title":36,"searchDepth":37,"depth":37,"links":695},[],540,"Gregory I, known as Gregory the Great, served as bishop of Rome from 590 until his death in 604, becoming one of the most influential popes of late antiquity and the early medieval period. Born into a Roman senatorial family around 540, he converted his family estate into a monastery before being drawn into papal diplomacy and ultimately elected pope. His voluminous correspondence, preserved in the Registrum Epistolarum, reveals the broad scope of his administrative, pastoral, and theological concerns, from the organization of church property and the conversion of the Anglo-Saxons to the suppression of simony and the care of the Roman poor. He is recognized as a Doctor of the Church and patron saint of musicians and teachers.",604,"\u002Fa\u002Fgregory-i.jpg","gregory-i",{},"Gregorius I","\u002Fauthors\u002Fgregory-i",{"description":697},"authors\u002Fgregory-i","https:\u002F\u002Fen.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FPope_Gregory_I","PNy6WpypnR3LN2CkbAkkJWVxspk2W5IQZYuwUw3BkHA",{"id":709,"title":710,"body":711,"born":726,"description":727,"died":728,"extension":41,"image":729,"key":730,"meta":731,"name":732,"name_en":733,"navigation":46,"path":734,"seo":735,"stem":736,"wikipedia":737,"__hash__":738},"authors\u002Fauthors\u002Fgregory-vii.md","Gregory Vii",{"type":8,"value":712,"toc":724},[713],[11,714,715,716,719,720,723],{},"Gregory VII (born Hildebrand of Sovana, c. 1015–1085) served as bishop of Rome from 1073 until his death in exile at Salerno, and gave his name to the Gregorian Reform — the eleventh-century movement to free the church from lay investiture, clerical marriage, and the buying and selling of ecclesiastical offices. Before his pontificate he had served successive reforming popes as archdeacon and chief advisor at the Roman court, helping to shape the papal-election decree of 1059 and the Patarine alliance at Milan. His Lent synods of 1074 and 1075 promulgated the foundational legislation against simony and Nicolaitism, and his confrontation with Henry IV over the appointment of bishops produced the Investiture Controversy and the famous penance at Canossa (1077). The ",[15,717,718],{},"Dictatus papae",", preserved in his ",[15,721,722],{},"Registrum"," at II, 55a, sets out twenty-seven terse propositions on papal supremacy, including the deposition of simoniac bishops.",{"title":36,"searchDepth":37,"depth":37,"links":725},[],1015,"Gregory VII (born Hildebrand of Sovana, c. 1015–1085) served as bishop of Rome from 1073 until his death in exile at Salerno, and gave his name to the Gregorian Reform — the eleventh-century movement to free the church from lay investiture, clerical marriage, and the buying and selling of ecclesiastical offices. Before his pontificate he had served successive reforming popes as archdeacon and chief advisor at the Roman court, helping to shape the papal-election decree of 1059 and the Patarine alliance at Milan. His Lent synods of 1074 and 1075 promulgated the foundational legislation against simony and Nicolaitism, and his confrontation with Henry IV over the appointment of bishops produced the Investiture Controversy and the famous penance at Canossa (1077). The Dictatus papae, preserved in his Registrum at II, 55a, sets out twenty-seven terse propositions on papal supremacy, including the deposition of simoniac bishops.",1085,"\u002Fa\u002Fgregory-vii.jpg","gregory-vii",{},"Gregorius VII","Gregory VII","\u002Fauthors\u002Fgregory-vii",{"description":727},"authors\u002Fgregory-vii","https:\u002F\u002Fen.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FPope_Gregory_VII","OL3qGklLU3Hp0GdQQ3tcs__qxpq22fbOK5IMHnFTofU",{"id":740,"title":741,"body":742,"born":753,"description":754,"died":755,"extension":41,"image":756,"key":757,"meta":758,"name":759,"name_en":760,"navigation":46,"path":761,"seo":762,"stem":763,"wikipedia":764,"__hash__":765},"authors\u002Fauthors\u002Fguido-of-arezzo.md","Guido Of Arezzo",{"type":8,"value":743,"toc":751},[744],[11,745,746,747,750],{},"Guido of Arezzo (ca. 991–1033) was a Benedictine monk and music theorist, best known for developing the modern system of musical notation and solmization (the basis of solfège). Born in Arezzo, he entered the monastery of Pomposa near Ferrara, where he wrote his influential treatise ",[15,748,749],{},"Micrologus"," (ca. 1026). His letter to Archbishop Heribert of Milan against simony, written in the early eleventh century, is one of the earliest systematic reform-era arguments against the purchase of holy orders, drawing on Gregory the Great and Augustine to argue that simoniacal ordination communicates no valid grace and that complicity in simony amounts to heresy.",{"title":36,"searchDepth":37,"depth":37,"links":752},[],991,"Guido of Arezzo (ca. 991–1033) was a Benedictine monk and music theorist, best known for developing the modern system of musical notation and solmization (the basis of solfège). Born in Arezzo, he entered the monastery of Pomposa near Ferrara, where he wrote his influential treatise Micrologus (ca. 1026). His letter to Archbishop Heribert of Milan against simony, written in the early eleventh century, is one of the earliest systematic reform-era arguments against the purchase of holy orders, drawing on Gregory the Great and Augustine to argue that simoniacal ordination communicates no valid grace and that complicity in simony amounts to heresy.",1033,"\u002Fa\u002Fguido-of-arezzo.jpg","guido-of-arezzo",{},"Guido Aretinus","Guido of Arezzo","\u002Fauthors\u002Fguido-of-arezzo",{"description":754},"authors\u002Fguido-of-arezzo","https:\u002F\u002Fen.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FGuido_of_Arezzo","ZtJ1KG_md2cqr8J7k2RxitM9-B4_TLpvAFP8NGjnV0M",{"id":767,"title":768,"body":769,"born":784,"description":785,"died":786,"extension":41,"image":787,"key":788,"meta":789,"name":768,"name_en":768,"navigation":46,"path":790,"seo":791,"stem":792,"wikipedia":793,"__hash__":794},"authors\u002Fauthors\u002Fhenry-burton.md","Henry Burton",{"type":8,"value":770,"toc":782},[771],[11,772,773,774,777,778,781],{},"Henry Burton (1578–1648) was an English Puritan clergyman and controversialist, best known as one of three men — alongside William Prynne and John Bastwick — pilloried and mutilated by the Star Chamber in 1637 for publishing anti-episcopal writings. He served as Clerk of the Closet to Princes Henry and Charles, and from 1625 was Rector of St. Matthew Friday Street, London. Released by Parliament in 1640, he continued to write and preach as an Independent. His works include ",[15,775,776],{},"A Censure of Simony"," (1624) and ",[15,779,780],{},"For God and the King"," (1636).",{"title":36,"searchDepth":37,"depth":37,"links":783},[],1578,"Henry Burton (1578–1648) was an English Puritan clergyman and controversialist, best known as one of three men — alongside William Prynne and John Bastwick — pilloried and mutilated by the Star Chamber in 1637 for publishing anti-episcopal writings. He served as Clerk of the Closet to Princes Henry and Charles, and from 1625 was Rector of St. Matthew Friday Street, London. Released by Parliament in 1640, he continued to write and preach as an Independent. His works include A Censure of Simony (1624) and For God and the King (1636).",1648,"\u002Fa\u002Fhenry-burton.jpg","henry-burton",{},"\u002Fauthors\u002Fhenry-burton",{"description":785},"authors\u002Fhenry-burton","https:\u002F\u002Fen.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FHenry_Burton_(minister)","J7YefkwcWTWT2o-OVmIMAZVHVkbYSMjjWi6TwVIvZrI",{"id":796,"title":797,"body":798,"born":809,"description":810,"died":811,"extension":41,"image":812,"key":813,"meta":814,"name":815,"name_en":816,"navigation":46,"path":817,"seo":818,"stem":819,"wikipedia":820,"__hash__":821},"authors\u002Fauthors\u002Fhermann-von-der-hardt.md","Hermann Von Der Hardt",{"type":8,"value":799,"toc":807},[800],[11,801,802,803,806],{},"Hermann von der Hardt (1660–1746) was a German Lutheran theologian, church historian, and orientalist who served as professor of Oriental languages at the University of Helmstedt from 1690 and as librarian to Duke Rudolf August of Brunswick-Lüneburg. A pupil of the Pietist August Hermann Francke, he combined wide philological learning with an appetite for documentary history. His best-known work is the six-volume ",[15,804,805],{},"Magnum Oecumenicum Constantiense Concilium"," (1697–1700), a vast collection of sources on the Council of Constance assembled from manuscripts across German and imperial libraries, which remained a standard reference for conciliar studies well into the modern era. His later allegorical readings of the Old Testament attracted controversy and cost him his theological chair, though he retained his oriental professorship until his death.",{"title":36,"searchDepth":37,"depth":37,"links":808},[],1660,"Hermann von der Hardt (1660–1746) was a German Lutheran theologian, church historian, and orientalist who served as professor of Oriental languages at the University of Helmstedt from 1690 and as librarian to Duke Rudolf August of Brunswick-Lüneburg. A pupil of the Pietist August Hermann Francke, he combined wide philological learning with an appetite for documentary history. His best-known work is the six-volume Magnum Oecumenicum Constantiense Concilium (1697–1700), a vast collection of sources on the Council of Constance assembled from manuscripts across German and imperial libraries, which remained a standard reference for conciliar studies well into the modern era. His later allegorical readings of the Old Testament attracted controversy and cost him his theological chair, though he retained his oriental professorship until his death.",1746,"\u002Fa\u002Fhermann-von-der-hardt.jpg","hermann-von-der-hardt",{},"Hermannus von der Hardt","Hermann von der Hardt","\u002Fauthors\u002Fhermann-von-der-hardt",{"description":810},"authors\u002Fhermann-von-der-hardt","https:\u002F\u002Fen.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FHermann_von_der_Hardt","25nQXDXfKO2Cvdn860zLsK9onhUzVQZeh37-WkOtcbY",{"id":823,"title":824,"body":825,"born":86,"description":850,"died":851,"extension":41,"image":852,"key":853,"meta":854,"name":855,"name_en":856,"navigation":46,"path":857,"seo":858,"stem":859,"wikipedia":860,"__hash__":861},"authors\u002Fauthors\u002Fhostiensis.md","Hostiensis",{"type":8,"value":826,"toc":848},[827],[11,828,829,830,832,833,836,837,839,840,843,844,847],{},"Henricus de Segusio (Henry of Susa, c. 1200–1271), known as Hostiensis from his late cardinal-bishopric of Ostia, was the leading canonist of the thirteenth century. After studying and teaching Roman and canon law at Bologna and Paris, he served as archdeacon of Paris, bishop of Sisteron, archbishop of Embrun, and finally Cardinal Bishop of Ostia (1262). His two great commentaries — the ",[15,831,598],{}," on the titles of the Decretals of Gregory IX (later called the ",[15,834,835],{},"Summa aurea",") and the ",[15,838,482],{}," (or ",[15,841,842],{},"Commentaria",") on the same Decretals — synthesised the ",[15,845,846],{},"ius commune"," of Roman and canon law and remained authoritative throughout the later Middle Ages. Hostiensis articulated influential doctrines on papal plenitude of power, the relationship between secular and ecclesiastical jurisdiction, and the rights of non-Christians.",{"title":36,"searchDepth":37,"depth":37,"links":849},[],"Henricus de Segusio (Henry of Susa, c. 1200–1271), known as Hostiensis from his late cardinal-bishopric of Ostia, was the leading canonist of the thirteenth century. After studying and teaching Roman and canon law at Bologna and Paris, he served as archdeacon of Paris, bishop of Sisteron, archbishop of Embrun, and finally Cardinal Bishop of Ostia (1262). His two great commentaries — the Summa on the titles of the Decretals of Gregory IX (later called the Summa aurea) and the Lectura (or Commentaria) on the same Decretals — synthesised the ius commune of Roman and canon law and remained authoritative throughout the later Middle Ages. Hostiensis articulated influential doctrines on papal plenitude of power, the relationship between secular and ecclesiastical jurisdiction, and the rights of non-Christians.",1271,"\u002Fa\u002Fhostiensis.jpg","hostiensis",{},"Henricus de Segusio","Henry of Susa","\u002Fauthors\u002Fhostiensis",{"description":850},"authors\u002Fhostiensis","https:\u002F\u002Fen.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FHenry_of_Segusio","AZRemXkrY1X3x1OPTRCbdVVAh5VYEAIJmSyIz9W8Mdo",{"id":863,"title":864,"body":865,"born":56,"description":883,"died":56,"extension":41,"image":884,"key":6,"meta":885,"name":886,"name_en":887,"navigation":46,"path":888,"seo":889,"stem":890,"wikipedia":56,"__hash__":891},"authors\u002Fauthors\u002Fhuguccio-pisa.md","Huguccio Pisa",{"type":8,"value":866,"toc":881},[867],[11,868,869,870,873,874,876,877,880],{},"Huguccio of Pisa (Hugutio Pisanus, ca. 1140–1210) was an Italian canonist and grammarian who taught canon law at Bologna before being elected bishop of Ferrara in 1190. His ",[15,871,872],{},"Summa Decretorum",", composed ca. 1188–1190, is the longest and most influential of the twelfth-century commentaries on Gratian's ",[15,875,17],{},", synthesizing the work of earlier decretists and shaping every subsequent generation of canonical scholarship; his pupil Lothar of Segni later became Pope Innocent III. Huguccio also produced the ",[15,878,879],{},"Derivationes",", a vast etymological lexicon that circulated widely through the later Middle Ages.",{"title":36,"searchDepth":37,"depth":37,"links":882},[],"Huguccio of Pisa (Hugutio Pisanus, ca. 1140–1210) was an Italian canonist and grammarian who taught canon law at Bologna before being elected bishop of Ferrara in 1190. His Summa Decretorum, composed ca. 1188–1190, is the longest and most influential of the twelfth-century commentaries on Gratian's Decretum, synthesizing the work of earlier decretists and shaping every subsequent generation of canonical scholarship; his pupil Lothar of Segni later became Pope Innocent III. Huguccio also produced the Derivationes, a vast etymological lexicon that circulated widely through the later Middle Ages.","\u002Fa\u002Fhuguccio-pisa.jpg",{},"Hugutio Pisanus","Huguccio of Pisa","\u002Fauthors\u002Fhuguccio-pisa",{"description":883},"authors\u002Fhuguccio-pisa","-l6F-0Wwkzvyd7fn3tFsnNOLNR5XfRbRJvUY0QVbfHc",{"id":893,"title":894,"body":895,"born":726,"description":906,"died":907,"extension":41,"image":908,"key":909,"meta":910,"name":911,"name_en":912,"navigation":46,"path":913,"seo":914,"stem":915,"wikipedia":916,"__hash__":917},"authors\u002Fauthors\u002Fhumbert-of-silva-candida.md","Humbert Of Silva Candida",{"type":8,"value":896,"toc":904},[897],[11,898,899,900,903],{},"Humbert of Silva Candida (ca. 1015–1061) was a Benedictine monk from Lorraine who became one of the foremost intellectual architects of the eleventh-century Gregorian Reform. Appointed cardinal-bishop of Silva Candida by Pope Leo IX around 1050, he served as the papacy's most forceful polemicist against simony and lay investiture, arguing in his ",[15,901,902],{},"Libri tres adversus simoniacos"," (ca. 1058) that the simoniacal ordination of clergy was heretical and void — a position more radical than most of his contemporaries. He also played a central role in the 1054 schism between Rome and Constantinople, personally delivering the bull of excommunication against Patriarch Michael Cerularius. His writings exercised a lasting influence on the theory of papal authority and the separation of clerical and lay power.",{"title":36,"searchDepth":37,"depth":37,"links":905},[],"Humbert of Silva Candida (ca. 1015–1061) was a Benedictine monk from Lorraine who became one of the foremost intellectual architects of the eleventh-century Gregorian Reform. Appointed cardinal-bishop of Silva Candida by Pope Leo IX around 1050, he served as the papacy's most forceful polemicist against simony and lay investiture, arguing in his Libri tres adversus simoniacos (ca. 1058) that the simoniacal ordination of clergy was heretical and void — a position more radical than most of his contemporaries. He also played a central role in the 1054 schism between Rome and Constantinople, personally delivering the bull of excommunication against Patriarch Michael Cerularius. His writings exercised a lasting influence on the theory of papal authority and the separation of clerical and lay power.",1061,"\u002Fa\u002Fhumbert-of-silva-candida.jpg","humbert-of-silva-candida",{},"Humbertus Silvae Candidae Episcopus","Humbert of Silva Candida","\u002Fauthors\u002Fhumbert-of-silva-candida",{"description":906},"authors\u002Fhumbert-of-silva-candida","https:\u002F\u002Fen.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FHumbert_of_Silva_Candida","q49szzzYNpsPT0zYY4OOn53Xr_XQ0p426LoARFGzaBo",{"id":919,"title":920,"body":921,"born":928,"description":925,"died":929,"extension":41,"image":930,"key":931,"meta":932,"name":933,"name_en":920,"navigation":46,"path":934,"seo":935,"stem":936,"wikipedia":937,"__hash__":938},"authors\u002Fauthors\u002Fjan-hus.md","Jan Hus",{"type":8,"value":922,"toc":926},[923],[11,924,925],{},"Jan Hus (Latin: Iohannes Hus) was a Czech theologian, philosopher, and reformer who served as rector of Charles University in Prague. Influenced by the writings of John Wycliffe, Hus became a leading critic of ecclesiastical corruption, simony, and the sale of indulgences. His preaching in Czech at the Bethlehem Chapel drew a wide popular following. Hus was excommunicated in 1411 and summoned to the Council of Constance under a promise of safe conduct, where he was tried for heresy and burned at the stake on 6 July 1415. His execution provoked the Hussite Wars and made him a central figure in Czech national and religious identity.",{"title":36,"searchDepth":37,"depth":37,"links":927},[],1372,1415,"\u002Fa\u002Fjan-hus.jpg","jan-hus",{},"Iohannes Hus","\u002Fauthors\u002Fjan-hus",{"description":925},"authors\u002Fjan-hus","https:\u002F\u002Fen.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FJan_Hus","yk5mixE_fGnwy2M5-Sa1ytE-eKxnVFStiI_8oYM_2F8",{"id":940,"title":941,"body":942,"born":949,"description":946,"died":950,"extension":41,"image":951,"key":952,"meta":953,"name":954,"name_en":941,"navigation":46,"path":955,"seo":956,"stem":957,"wikipedia":958,"__hash__":959},"authors\u002Fauthors\u002Fjean-gerson.md","Jean Gerson",{"type":8,"value":943,"toc":947},[944],[11,945,946],{},"Jean Gerson (Latin: Iohannes Gersonius) was a French theologian, mystic, and ecclesiastical reformer who served as Chancellor of the University of Paris from 1395 until his death. A leading conciliarist, he played a decisive role at the Council of Constance (1414–1418) in ending the Western Schism and in the trials of Jan Hus and Jerome of Prague. Gerson wrote prolifically on pastoral theology, mystical contemplation, ecclesiastical governance, and the reform of the Church, and he was widely read throughout the late medieval and early modern periods. His works on simony, clerical discipline, and the limits of papal authority made him one of the most influential churchmen of the fifteenth century.",{"title":36,"searchDepth":37,"depth":37,"links":948},[],1363,1429,"\u002Fa\u002Fjean-gerson.jpg","jean-gerson",{},"Iohannes Gersonius","\u002Fauthors\u002Fjean-gerson",{"description":946},"authors\u002Fjean-gerson","https:\u002F\u002Fen.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FJean_Gerson","1qLpaWi5xuESDj7yHa77u7YQ6sIdXYA64b2MO0t0UOE",{"id":961,"title":962,"body":963,"born":984,"description":985,"died":130,"extension":41,"image":214,"key":986,"meta":987,"name":988,"name_en":962,"navigation":46,"path":989,"seo":990,"stem":991,"wikipedia":992,"__hash__":993},"authors\u002Fauthors\u002Fjohannes-teutonicus.md","Johannes Teutonicus",{"type":8,"value":964,"toc":982},[965],[11,966,967,968,971,972,974,975,978,979,981],{},"Johannes Teutonicus (Johann Zemeke), a German canonist trained at Bologna, compiled the ",[15,969,970],{},"Apparatus"," on Gratian's ",[15,973,17],{}," around 1216 — the great running gloss that drew together the work of the earlier decretists and became the ",[15,976,977],{},"glossa ordinaria"," of the Decretum. He served as provost of the Halberstadt cathedral chapter and later as bishop-elect, and was active at the Fourth Lateran Council (1215), on whose canons he also wrote an apparatus. His gloss on the Decretum, revised by Bartholomaeus Brixiensis around 1245, dominated the teaching of canon law for the rest of the Middle Ages and was incorporated into every standard printed edition of the ",[15,980,666],{}," through the early modern period.",{"title":36,"searchDepth":37,"depth":37,"links":983},[],1170,"Johannes Teutonicus (Johann Zemeke), a German canonist trained at Bologna, compiled the Apparatus on Gratian's Decretum around 1216 — the great running gloss that drew together the work of the earlier decretists and became the glossa ordinaria of the Decretum. He served as provost of the Halberstadt cathedral chapter and later as bishop-elect, and was active at the Fourth Lateran Council (1215), on whose canons he also wrote an apparatus. His gloss on the Decretum, revised by Bartholomaeus Brixiensis around 1245, dominated the teaching of canon law for the rest of the Middle Ages and was incorporated into every standard printed edition of the Corpus Iuris Canonici through the early modern period.","johannes-teutonicus",{},"Iohannes Teutonicus","\u002Fauthors\u002Fjohannes-teutonicus",{"description":985},"authors\u002Fjohannes-teutonicus","https:\u002F\u002Fen.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FJohannes_Teutonicus_Zemeke","n9f7LhQvYfyjCjh0CE815mQowiZgk0xjVitXcpKp2Fc",{"id":995,"title":996,"body":997,"born":1008,"description":1009,"died":1010,"extension":41,"image":1011,"key":1012,"meta":1013,"name":1014,"name_en":996,"navigation":46,"path":1015,"seo":1016,"stem":1017,"wikipedia":1018,"__hash__":1019},"authors\u002Fauthors\u002Fjohn-calvin.md","John Calvin",{"type":8,"value":998,"toc":1006},[999],[11,1000,1001,1002,1005],{},"John Calvin (1509–1564) was a French theologian and reformer who became the leading figure of Reformed Protestantism from his base in Geneva. Trained as a humanist lawyer, he converted to Reformed Christianity around 1533 and produced the ",[15,1003,1004],{},"Institutio Christianae Religionis"," in successive Latin editions from 1536 to 1559, which became the most systematic theological synthesis of the Reformation. As pastor and teacher in Geneva from 1541, he shaped Reformed church polity, doctrines of predestination and the sacraments, and biblical preaching across Europe and the wider Protestant world.",{"title":36,"searchDepth":37,"depth":37,"links":1007},[],1509,"John Calvin (1509–1564) was a French theologian and reformer who became the leading figure of Reformed Protestantism from his base in Geneva. Trained as a humanist lawyer, he converted to Reformed Christianity around 1533 and produced the Institutio Christianae Religionis in successive Latin editions from 1536 to 1559, which became the most systematic theological synthesis of the Reformation. As pastor and teacher in Geneva from 1541, he shaped Reformed church polity, doctrines of predestination and the sacraments, and biblical preaching across Europe and the wider Protestant world.",1564,"\u002Fa\u002Fjohn-calvin.jpg","john-calvin",{},"Ioannes Calvinus","\u002Fauthors\u002Fjohn-calvin",{"description":1009},"authors\u002Fjohn-calvin","https:\u002F\u002Fen.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FJohn_Calvin","UmIep-VOsOdzaECdzik1bDNLxANy8OLW_LKP8_-XVPw",{"id":1021,"title":1022,"body":1023,"born":1030,"description":1027,"died":1031,"extension":41,"image":1032,"key":1033,"meta":1034,"name":1035,"name_en":1022,"navigation":46,"path":1036,"seo":1037,"stem":1038,"wikipedia":1039,"__hash__":1040},"authors\u002Fauthors\u002Fjohn-major.md","John Major",{"type":8,"value":1024,"toc":1028},[1025],[11,1026,1027],{},"John Major (Latin: Johannes Maioris) was a Scottish philosopher, theologian, and historian who taught at the universities of Paris, Glasgow, and St Andrews. He was one of the last major figures of late scholasticism and a significant influence on the development of early modern philosophy and political thought. His students included John Knox and George Buchanan. Major's commentaries on Peter Lombard's Sentences were widely read and represent an important contribution to nominalist theology.",{"title":36,"searchDepth":37,"depth":37,"links":1029},[],1467,1550,"\u002Fa\u002Fjohn-major.jpg","john-major",{},"Johannes Maioris","\u002Fauthors\u002Fjohn-major",{"description":1027},"authors\u002Fjohn-major","https:\u002F\u002Fen.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FJohn_Major_(philosopher)","ka_udS7JURKljTp6SO5RNBSKTRQCl7SzBu8WolFXHZs",{"id":1042,"title":1043,"body":1044,"born":1063,"description":1064,"died":1065,"extension":41,"image":1066,"key":1067,"meta":1068,"name":1069,"name_en":1070,"navigation":46,"path":1071,"seo":1072,"stem":1073,"wikipedia":1074,"__hash__":1075},"authors\u002Fauthors\u002Fjohn-of-freiburg.md","John Of Freiburg",{"type":8,"value":1045,"toc":1061},[1046],[11,1047,1048,1049,1052,1053,1056,1057,1060],{},"John of Freiburg (Johannes de Friburgo, c. 1250–1314) was a German Dominican friar and canonist who served as lector at the Dominican convent in Freiburg im Breisgau. He is best known for his ",[15,1050,1051],{},"Summa confessorum"," (completed c. 1297–98), a comprehensive manual for confessors that reorganized and updated Raymond of Penyafort's ",[15,1054,1055],{},"Summa de casibus"," with material from Hostiensis, Goffredus of Trani, William of Rennes, and the moral theology of Thomas Aquinas. The work became the standard confessor's handbook of the later Middle Ages, surviving in hundreds of manuscripts and shaping pastoral practice for over two centuries. John also compiled the ",[15,1058,1059],{},"Libellus quaestionum casualium"," and other pastoral aids.",{"title":36,"searchDepth":37,"depth":37,"links":1062},[],1250,"John of Freiburg (Johannes de Friburgo, c. 1250–1314) was a German Dominican friar and canonist who served as lector at the Dominican convent in Freiburg im Breisgau. He is best known for his Summa confessorum (completed c. 1297–98), a comprehensive manual for confessors that reorganized and updated Raymond of Penyafort's Summa de casibus with material from Hostiensis, Goffredus of Trani, William of Rennes, and the moral theology of Thomas Aquinas. The work became the standard confessor's handbook of the later Middle Ages, surviving in hundreds of manuscripts and shaping pastoral practice for over two centuries. John also compiled the Libellus quaestionum casualium and other pastoral aids.",1314,"\u002Fa\u002Fjohn-of-freiburg.jpg","john-of-freiburg",{},"Johannes de Friburgo","John of Freiburg","\u002Fauthors\u002Fjohn-of-freiburg",{"description":1064},"authors\u002Fjohn-of-freiburg","https:\u002F\u002Fen.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FJohn_of_Freiburg","U0XlHdpaYmK-eI-L3oOp2ybOfJ94UBhgxSZNN0Uv8is",{"id":1077,"title":1078,"body":1079,"born":1086,"description":1083,"died":578,"extension":41,"image":1087,"key":1088,"meta":1089,"name":1090,"name_en":1078,"navigation":46,"path":1091,"seo":1092,"stem":1093,"wikipedia":1094,"__hash__":1095},"authors\u002Fauthors\u002Fjohn-wycliffe.md","John Wycliffe",{"type":8,"value":1080,"toc":1084},[1081],[11,1082,1083],{},"John Wycliffe (Latin: Johannes Wycliffe) was an English scholastic philosopher, theologian, and reformer at the University of Oxford. He is widely regarded as a forerunner of the Protestant Reformation for his criticisms of papal authority, clerical wealth, and the doctrine of transubstantiation. His followers, known as Lollards, carried his ideas into popular religious movements. Wycliffe's prolific Latin writings include treatises on dominion, the Church, simony, and the Eucharist, and he sponsored the first complete English translation of the Bible. His works were condemned at the Council of Constance in 1415, and his remains were exhumed and burned in 1428.",{"title":36,"searchDepth":37,"depth":37,"links":1085},[],1328,"\u002Fa\u002Fjohn-wycliffe.jpg","john-wycliffe",{},"Johannes Wycliffe","\u002Fauthors\u002Fjohn-wycliffe",{"description":1083},"authors\u002Fjohn-wycliffe","https:\u002F\u002Fen.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FJohn_Wycliffe","rbfl-SbgUCCNsInBBLJZ4ZglelExOKRnJShzVQef2CA",{"id":1097,"title":1098,"body":1099,"born":1114,"description":1115,"died":1116,"extension":41,"image":1117,"key":1118,"meta":1119,"name":1120,"name_en":1098,"navigation":46,"path":1121,"seo":1122,"stem":1123,"wikipedia":1124,"__hash__":1125},"authors\u002Fauthors\u002Fmartin-luther.md","Martin Luther",{"type":8,"value":1100,"toc":1112},[1101],[11,1102,1103,1104,1107,1108,1111],{},"Martin Luther (1483–1546) was a German theologian, Augustinian friar, and professor of biblical theology at the University of Wittenberg, whose challenge to Catholic Church doctrine and practice ignited the Protestant Reformation. His ",[15,1105,1106],{},"Ninety-Five Theses"," (1517) sparked a controversy over indulgences that expanded into a comprehensive critique of papal authority, sacramental theology, and clerical corruption. Luther's translation of the Bible into German and his voluminous writings — collected in the 73-volume Weimar Edition (",[15,1109,1110],{},"Kritische Gesamtausgabe",") — shaped both Protestant theology and the German literary language. Among his most extensive works are the Lectures on Genesis, delivered between 1535 to 1545, which occupy ten volumes of the Weimar Edition.",{"title":36,"searchDepth":37,"depth":37,"links":1113},[],1483,"Martin Luther (1483–1546) was a German theologian, Augustinian friar, and professor of biblical theology at the University of Wittenberg, whose challenge to Catholic Church doctrine and practice ignited the Protestant Reformation. His Ninety-Five Theses (1517) sparked a controversy over indulgences that expanded into a comprehensive critique of papal authority, sacramental theology, and clerical corruption. Luther's translation of the Bible into German and his voluminous writings — collected in the 73-volume Weimar Edition (Kritische Gesamtausgabe) — shaped both Protestant theology and the German literary language. Among his most extensive works are the Lectures on Genesis, delivered between 1535 to 1545, which occupy ten volumes of the Weimar Edition.",1546,"\u002Fa\u002Fmartin-luther.jpg","martin-luther",{},"Martinus Luther","\u002Fauthors\u002Fmartin-luther",{"description":1115},"authors\u002Fmartin-luther","https:\u002F\u002Fen.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FMartin_Luther","JdcaFt-EYQ46_9ZTNHzYE1eQcht12XoDrYJTWeCAH9I",{"id":1127,"title":1128,"body":1129,"born":1136,"description":1133,"died":1137,"extension":41,"image":214,"key":1138,"meta":1139,"name":1140,"name_en":1141,"navigation":46,"path":1142,"seo":1143,"stem":1144,"wikipedia":1145,"__hash__":1146},"authors\u002Fauthors\u002Fmaurice-of-prague.md","Maurice Of Prague",{"type":8,"value":1130,"toc":1134},[1131],[11,1132,1133],{},"Maurice of Prague (Mauritius Rvačka, c. 1360–1434) was a Bohemian theologian, master and chancellor of the University of Prague, and a leading opponent of Jan Hus within the Bohemian church. Trained at Prague and Paris, he represented the Czech nation at the Council of Pisa (1409) and played a prominent role at the Council of Constance (1414–1418), where he served as an assessor and delivered a solemn oration calling for the reform of the ecclesiastical estate along the lines of the primitive Church. A staunch defender of Catholic orthodoxy against Wycliffite and Hussite doctrine, he later participated in disputations at the Council of Basel.",{"title":36,"searchDepth":37,"depth":37,"links":1135},[],1360,1434,"maurice-of-prague",{},"Mauritius de Praga","Maurice of Prague","\u002Fauthors\u002Fmaurice-of-prague",{"description":1133},"authors\u002Fmaurice-of-prague","https:\u002F\u002Fen.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FMaur%C3%ADcius_Rva%C4%8Dka","oB-qo-O2IfdcBeJyF4JU1rl65UFT5saeWFeE1q7PFy4",{"id":1148,"title":1149,"body":1150,"born":522,"description":1154,"died":1157,"extension":41,"image":1158,"key":1159,"meta":1160,"name":1161,"name_en":1162,"navigation":46,"path":1163,"seo":1164,"stem":1165,"wikipedia":1166,"__hash__":1167},"authors\u002Fauthors\u002Fpaludanus.md","Paludanus",{"type":8,"value":1151,"toc":1155},[1152],[11,1153,1154],{},"Peter of Palude (c. 1275–1342) was a French Dominican theologian and scholastic philosopher. He studied and taught at Paris, where he became a prominent defender of Thomism, engaging closely with the thought of Aquinas against competing scholastic schools. In 1329 Pope John XXII appointed him Latin Patriarch of Jerusalem, a largely honorific title he held while remaining active in European theological affairs. His commentaries on all four books of Peter Lombard's Sentences are his principal surviving works, notable for their thoroughgoing Thomism and detailed treatment of sacramental and moral theology.",{"title":36,"searchDepth":37,"depth":37,"links":1156},[],1342,"\u002Fa\u002Fpaludanus.jpg","paludanus",{},"Petrus de Palude","Peter of Palude","\u002Fauthors\u002Fpaludanus",{"description":1154},"authors\u002Fpaludanus","https:\u002F\u002Fen.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FPeter_of_Palude","6mi9OP5Zi1hpb-yLj7fPnStsYMLLWlhAAYlHFkZ390M",{"id":1169,"title":1170,"body":1171,"born":1178,"description":1175,"died":1179,"extension":41,"image":1180,"key":1181,"meta":1182,"name":1183,"name_en":1170,"navigation":46,"path":1184,"seo":1185,"stem":1186,"wikipedia":1187,"__hash__":1188},"authors\u002Fauthors\u002Fpanormitanus.md","Panormitanus",{"type":8,"value":1172,"toc":1176},[1173],[11,1174,1175],{},"Nicolaus de Tudeschis (known as Panormitanus or Abbas Panormitanus) was a Sicilian Benedictine canonist, born in Catania. He studied under Francesco Zabarella at Padua and Bologna, and became the foremost canon lawyer of his age, earning the scholastic epithet \"lucerna juris\" (lamp of the law). In 1425 he was made abbot of the monastery of San Maria di Maniace near Messina, and in 1434 King Alfonso V of Aragon nominated him Archbishop of Palermo, from which office he took the name Panormitanus. His massive commentaries on the Decretals of Gregory IX became the standard reference work in canon law for over a century and were among the most frequently printed legal texts of the incunabula period.",{"title":36,"searchDepth":37,"depth":37,"links":1177},[],1386,1445,"\u002Fa\u002Fpanormitanus.jpg","panormitanus",{},"Nicolaus de Tudeschis","\u002Fauthors\u002Fpanormitanus",{"description":1175},"authors\u002Fpanormitanus","https:\u002F\u002Fen.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FPanormitanus","jdOpAO5hmWoelQ5u-1YwFIANFIUGw4W4JWAh09e26VQ",{"id":1190,"title":1191,"body":1192,"born":86,"description":1211,"died":851,"extension":41,"image":1212,"key":1213,"meta":1214,"name":1215,"name_en":1216,"navigation":46,"path":1217,"seo":1218,"stem":1219,"wikipedia":1220,"__hash__":1221},"authors\u002Fauthors\u002Fperaldus.md","Peraldus",{"type":8,"value":1193,"toc":1209},[1194],[11,1195,1196,1197,1200,1201,1204,1205,1208],{},"William Peraldus (Latin: Guillelmus Peraldus, French: Guillaume Peyraut) was a French Dominican friar and theologian. He served as prior of the Dominican convent in Lyon and was one of the most widely read moral theologians of the later Middle Ages. His two great works, the ",[15,1198,1199],{},"Summa de Virtutibus"," and the ",[15,1202,1203],{},"Summa de Vitiis",", were composed in the 1230s–1250s and circulated together as the ",[15,1206,1207],{},"Summa de Virtutibus et Vitiis",". These practical handbooks for preachers and confessors offered systematic treatments of the virtues and vices, drawing on Scripture, the Church Fathers, and Aristotle. They were among the most copied and printed texts of the medieval period, surviving in hundreds of manuscripts and numerous incunabula editions.",{"title":36,"searchDepth":37,"depth":37,"links":1210},[],"William Peraldus (Latin: Guillelmus Peraldus, French: Guillaume Peyraut) was a French Dominican friar and theologian. He served as prior of the Dominican convent in Lyon and was one of the most widely read moral theologians of the later Middle Ages. His two great works, the Summa de Virtutibus and the Summa de Vitiis, were composed in the 1230s–1250s and circulated together as the Summa de Virtutibus et Vitiis. These practical handbooks for preachers and confessors offered systematic treatments of the virtues and vices, drawing on Scripture, the Church Fathers, and Aristotle. They were among the most copied and printed texts of the medieval period, surviving in hundreds of manuscripts and numerous incunabula editions.","\u002Fa\u002Fperaldus.jpg","peraldus",{},"Guillelmus Peraldus","William Peraldus","\u002Fauthors\u002Fperaldus",{"description":1211},"authors\u002Fperaldus","https:\u002F\u002Fen.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FWilliam_Peraldus","ww4n6-j-wXZEhAFsoGTJVIdhOIcTvX2QQMHoukDo4KE",{"id":1223,"title":1224,"body":1225,"born":88,"description":1240,"died":1241,"extension":41,"image":1242,"key":1243,"meta":1244,"name":1245,"name_en":1224,"navigation":46,"path":1246,"seo":1247,"stem":1248,"wikipedia":1249,"__hash__":1250},"authors\u002Fauthors\u002Fpeter-auriol.md","Peter Auriol",{"type":8,"value":1226,"toc":1238},[1227],[11,1228,1229,1230,1233,1234,1237],{},"Peter Auriol (ca. 1280–1322) was a French Franciscan theologian whose ",[15,1231,1232],{},"Scriptum super Sententias",", lectured at Paris c. 1316–1318, stands as one of the most sophisticated early fourteenth-century commentaries on Peter Lombard. A keen critic of Duns Scotus, Auriol developed a distinctive theory of cognition centered on ",[15,1235,1236],{},"esse apparens"," (the apparent being of the object in the mind) and contributed original positions on universals, predestination, and future contingents. He served as Archbishop of Aix-en-Provence from 1321 and was created cardinal shortly before his death. His influence on later scholastics including Gregory of Rimini and the fourteenth-century debates on divine foreknowledge was considerable.",{"title":36,"searchDepth":37,"depth":37,"links":1239},[],"Peter Auriol (ca. 1280–1322) was a French Franciscan theologian whose Scriptum super Sententias, lectured at Paris c. 1316–1318, stands as one of the most sophisticated early fourteenth-century commentaries on Peter Lombard. A keen critic of Duns Scotus, Auriol developed a distinctive theory of cognition centered on esse apparens (the apparent being of the object in the mind) and contributed original positions on universals, predestination, and future contingents. He served as Archbishop of Aix-en-Provence from 1321 and was created cardinal shortly before his death. His influence on later scholastics including Gregory of Rimini and the fourteenth-century debates on divine foreknowledge was considerable.",1322,"\u002Fa\u002Fpeter-auriol.jpg","peter-auriol",{},"Petrus Aureolus","\u002Fauthors\u002Fpeter-auriol",{"description":1240},"authors\u002Fpeter-auriol","https:\u002F\u002Fen.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FPeter_Auriol","0lyQteoA7OKgHby-rtD-TSo4Darok4wV9ER984pcl6o",{"id":1252,"title":1253,"body":1254,"born":1269,"description":1270,"died":1271,"extension":41,"image":1272,"key":1273,"meta":1274,"name":1275,"name_en":1253,"navigation":46,"path":1276,"seo":1277,"stem":1278,"wikipedia":1279,"__hash__":1280},"authors\u002Fauthors\u002Fpeter-cantor.md","Peter Cantor",{"type":8,"value":1255,"toc":1267},[1256],[11,1257,1258,1259,1262,1263,1266],{},"Peter Cantor (Petrus Cantor, ca. 1130–1197) was a Parisian theologian and precentor of Notre-Dame Cathedral, one of the most prominent moral theologians of the late twelfth century. His major work, the ",[15,1260,1261],{},"Verbum Abbreviatum",", is an expansive compendium on Christian morality, pastoral practice, and ecclesiastical abuses, drawing on Scripture, the Fathers, and canon law. He also produced the ",[15,1264,1265],{},"Summa de Sacramentis et Animae Consiliis",", a systematic treatment of the sacraments and moral cases. A fierce critic of simony, clerical avarice, and corruption, Peter was a formative influence on the Paris schools and on the generation of theologians who shaped the Fourth Lateran Council (1215).",{"title":36,"searchDepth":37,"depth":37,"links":1268},[],1130,"Peter Cantor (Petrus Cantor, ca. 1130–1197) was a Parisian theologian and precentor of Notre-Dame Cathedral, one of the most prominent moral theologians of the late twelfth century. His major work, the Verbum Abbreviatum, is an expansive compendium on Christian morality, pastoral practice, and ecclesiastical abuses, drawing on Scripture, the Fathers, and canon law. He also produced the Summa de Sacramentis et Animae Consiliis, a systematic treatment of the sacraments and moral cases. A fierce critic of simony, clerical avarice, and corruption, Peter was a formative influence on the Paris schools and on the generation of theologians who shaped the Fourth Lateran Council (1215).",1197,"\u002Fa\u002Fpeter-cantor.jpg","peter-cantor",{},"Petrus Cantor","\u002Fauthors\u002Fpeter-cantor",{"description":1270},"authors\u002Fpeter-cantor","https:\u002F\u002Fen.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FPeter_the_Chanter","EWbKpkS1Y-ZheeVr01rFMy9rPzzc9k_Mfw7uQzN2XjQ",{"id":1282,"title":1283,"body":1284,"born":1299,"description":1300,"died":1301,"extension":41,"image":1302,"key":1303,"meta":1304,"name":1305,"name_en":1283,"navigation":46,"path":1306,"seo":1307,"stem":1308,"wikipedia":1309,"__hash__":1310},"authors\u002Fauthors\u002Fpeter-damian.md","Peter Damian",{"type":8,"value":1285,"toc":1297},[1286],[11,1287,1288,1289,1292,1293,1296],{},"Peter Damian (1007–1072) was an Italian Benedictine monk, reforming abbot of Fonte Avellana, and cardinal-bishop of Ostia. One of the most influential figures of the eleventh-century Gregorian Reform, he combined rigorous asceticism with prolific polemical and pastoral writing, directing his efforts against clerical concubinage, simony, and the corruption of the institutional church. His ",[15,1290,1291],{},"Liber Gomorrhianus"," attacked sexual immorality among the clergy, while his ",[15,1294,1295],{},"Liber Gratissimus"," (1052) addressed the thorny canonical question of whether ordinations performed by simoniacal bishops were valid — arguing, against Humbert of Silva Candida, that they were, so that the ordained recipients could retain their orders without reordination. He was declared a Doctor of the Church in 1828.",{"title":36,"searchDepth":37,"depth":37,"links":1298},[],1007,"Peter Damian (1007–1072) was an Italian Benedictine monk, reforming abbot of Fonte Avellana, and cardinal-bishop of Ostia. One of the most influential figures of the eleventh-century Gregorian Reform, he combined rigorous asceticism with prolific polemical and pastoral writing, directing his efforts against clerical concubinage, simony, and the corruption of the institutional church. His Liber Gomorrhianus attacked sexual immorality among the clergy, while his Liber Gratissimus (1052) addressed the thorny canonical question of whether ordinations performed by simoniacal bishops were valid — arguing, against Humbert of Silva Candida, that they were, so that the ordained recipients could retain their orders without reordination. He was declared a Doctor of the Church in 1828.",1072,"\u002Fa\u002Fpeter-damian.jpg","peter-damian",{},"Petrus Damiani","\u002Fauthors\u002Fpeter-damian",{"description":1300},"authors\u002Fpeter-damian","https:\u002F\u002Fen.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FPeter_Damian","6OX9GmA8YfnANF4cX6dghoYJM-koeRZg3PL60eB2Ow8",{"id":1312,"title":1313,"body":1314,"born":1325,"description":1326,"died":672,"extension":41,"image":1327,"key":1328,"meta":1329,"name":1330,"name_en":1313,"navigation":46,"path":1331,"seo":1332,"stem":1333,"wikipedia":1334,"__hash__":1335},"authors\u002Fauthors\u002Fpeter-lombard.md","Peter Lombard",{"type":8,"value":1315,"toc":1323},[1316],[11,1317,1318,1319,1322],{},"Peter Lombard (ca. 1096–1160) was a scholastic theologian and Bishop of Paris, best known as the author of the ",[15,1320,1321],{},"Sententiarum libri quatuor"," (Four Books of the Sentences), a systematic compilation of patristic and early medieval theological opinion organized around the doctrines of the Trinity, Creation, the Incarnation, and the Sacraments. Composed around 1150, the Sentences became the standard theological textbook of the medieval university, and every major scholastic theologian — including Aquinas, Bonaventure, Scotus, and Ockham — was required to lecture on it. Lombard studied in Bologna and Paris, taught at the cathedral school of Notre-Dame, and was appointed Bishop of Paris in 1159, a position he held until his death the following year.",{"title":36,"searchDepth":37,"depth":37,"links":1324},[],1096,"Peter Lombard (ca. 1096–1160) was a scholastic theologian and Bishop of Paris, best known as the author of the Sententiarum libri quatuor (Four Books of the Sentences), a systematic compilation of patristic and early medieval theological opinion organized around the doctrines of the Trinity, Creation, the Incarnation, and the Sacraments. Composed around 1150, the Sentences became the standard theological textbook of the medieval university, and every major scholastic theologian — including Aquinas, Bonaventure, Scotus, and Ockham — was required to lecture on it. Lombard studied in Bologna and Paris, taught at the cathedral school of Notre-Dame, and was appointed Bishop of Paris in 1159, a position he held until his death the following year.","\u002Fa\u002Fpeter-lombard.jpg","peter-lombard",{},"Petrus Lombardus","\u002Fauthors\u002Fpeter-lombard",{"description":1326},"authors\u002Fpeter-lombard","https:\u002F\u002Fen.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FPeter_Lombard","DVO46IgN_P9CQOWszGQ46FPORWtjg1hBNgFnuyPY-Rg",{"id":1337,"title":1338,"body":1339,"born":1354,"description":1355,"died":1356,"extension":41,"image":1357,"key":1358,"meta":1359,"name":1360,"name_en":1360,"navigation":46,"path":1361,"seo":1362,"stem":1363,"wikipedia":1364,"__hash__":1365},"authors\u002Fauthors\u002Fprierias.md","Prierias",{"type":8,"value":1340,"toc":1352},[1341],[11,1342,1343,1344,1347,1348,1351],{},"Silvestro Mazzolini (Silvester Prierias, 1456–1527) was an Italian Dominican theologian and inquisitor from Prierio in Piedmont. He taught Thomist philosophy and theology at Bologna and Padua, was named Master of the Sacred Palace by Leo X in 1515, and served as the papal censor of theological writings in Rome. He is remembered both as the first Catholic theologian to write publicly against Martin Luther — his ",[15,1345,1346],{},"Dialogus de potestate papae"," (1518) opened the controversy — and as the author of the ",[15,1349,1350],{},"Summa summarum quae Silvestrina nuncupatur",", an alphabetical confessor's manual that became one of the most widely consulted moral-theological works of the sixteenth century.",{"title":36,"searchDepth":37,"depth":37,"links":1353},[],1456,"Silvestro Mazzolini (Silvester Prierias, 1456–1527) was an Italian Dominican theologian and inquisitor from Prierio in Piedmont. He taught Thomist philosophy and theology at Bologna and Padua, was named Master of the Sacred Palace by Leo X in 1515, and served as the papal censor of theological writings in Rome. He is remembered both as the first Catholic theologian to write publicly against Martin Luther — his Dialogus de potestate papae (1518) opened the controversy — and as the author of the Summa summarum quae Silvestrina nuncupatur, an alphabetical confessor's manual that became one of the most widely consulted moral-theological works of the sixteenth century.",1527,"\u002Fa\u002Fprierias.jpg","prierias",{},"Silvester Prierias","\u002Fauthors\u002Fprierias",{"description":1355},"authors\u002Fprierias","https:\u002F\u002Fen.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FSilvestro_Mazzolini_da_Prierio","cbO2BxFogbGlPhJyjQ4NKoCvNtQ61fLE-ggiMZ4yJsc",{"id":1367,"title":1368,"body":1369,"born":1376,"description":1373,"died":1377,"extension":41,"image":1378,"key":1379,"meta":1380,"name":1368,"name_en":1368,"navigation":46,"path":1381,"seo":1382,"stem":1383,"wikipedia":56,"__hash__":1384},"authors\u002Fauthors\u002Fralph-cudworth.md","Ralph Cudworth",{"type":8,"value":1370,"toc":1374},[1371],[11,1372,1373],{},"Ralph Cudworth (c. 1563–1624) was a Puritan divine and fellow of Emmanuel College, Cambridge. At the request of William Perkins's executors, he supplied the supplement on the sixth chapter of Galatians to complete Perkins's unfinished commentary, published in 1607. He is the father of the Cambridge Platonist philosopher Ralph Cudworth (1617–1688).",{"title":36,"searchDepth":37,"depth":37,"links":1375},[],1563,1624,"\u002Fa\u002Fralph-cudworth.jpg","ralph-cudworth",{},"\u002Fauthors\u002Fralph-cudworth",{"description":1373},"authors\u002Fralph-cudworth","-lo5-DFEgxrdUltBEo82CBGfLUIS29kvHn252mvT08k",{"id":1386,"title":1387,"body":1388,"born":1409,"description":1410,"died":522,"extension":41,"image":1411,"key":1412,"meta":1413,"name":1414,"name_en":1415,"navigation":46,"path":1416,"seo":1417,"stem":1418,"wikipedia":1419,"__hash__":1420},"authors\u002Fauthors\u002Fraymond-of-penyafort.md","Raymond Of Penyafort",{"type":8,"value":1389,"toc":1407},[1390],[11,1391,1392,1393,257,1396,1399,1400,1402,1403,1406],{},"Raymond of Penyafort (c. 1175–1275) was a Catalan Dominican friar, canon lawyer, and papal penitentiary who compiled the ",[15,1394,1395],{},"Decretales Gregorii IX",[15,1397,1398],{},"Liber Extra",") at the commission of Pope Gregory IX, completing it in 1234. The compilation systematized five books of papal decretals into the authoritative canon law collection that governed the medieval Western church alongside Gratian's ",[15,1401,17],{},". Raymond also served as Master General of the Dominican Order (1238–1240) and is credited with encouraging Thomas Aquinas to write the ",[15,1404,1405],{},"Summa contra Gentiles",". He was canonized in 1601 and is the patron saint of canon lawyers.",{"title":36,"searchDepth":37,"depth":37,"links":1408},[],1175,"Raymond of Penyafort (c. 1175–1275) was a Catalan Dominican friar, canon lawyer, and papal penitentiary who compiled the Decretales Gregorii IX (Liber Extra) at the commission of Pope Gregory IX, completing it in 1234. The compilation systematized five books of papal decretals into the authoritative canon law collection that governed the medieval Western church alongside Gratian's Decretum. Raymond also served as Master General of the Dominican Order (1238–1240) and is credited with encouraging Thomas Aquinas to write the Summa contra Gentiles. He was canonized in 1601 and is the patron saint of canon lawyers.","\u002Fa\u002Fraymond-of-penyafort.jpg","raymond-of-penyafort",{},"Raimundus de Penyafort","Raymond of Penyafort","\u002Fauthors\u002Fraymond-of-penyafort",{"description":1410},"authors\u002Fraymond-of-penyafort","https:\u002F\u002Fen.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FRaymond_of_Penyafort","R-rIwFuvzQwLxUV3eCA6KpvIZyMTykel2A6upxW9z2k",{"id":1422,"title":1423,"body":1424,"born":1434,"description":1435,"died":502,"extension":41,"image":1436,"key":1437,"meta":1438,"name":1439,"name_en":1440,"navigation":46,"path":1441,"seo":1442,"stem":1443,"wikipedia":1444,"__hash__":1445},"authors\u002Fauthors\u002Frichard-of-middleton.md","Richard Of Middleton",{"type":8,"value":1425,"toc":1432},[1426],[11,1427,1428,1429,1431],{},"Richard of Middleton (Ricardus de Mediavilla, c. 1249–c. 1308) was a Franciscan theologian and scholastic philosopher, probably of Norman French origin. He studied and taught at Paris, where he served as regent master at the Franciscan studium (1284–1287) and later as minister provincial of France. His commentary on Peter Lombard's ",[15,1430,116],{},", edited 1285–1295, is his principal surviving work, notable for its careful synthesis of Aristotelian philosophy and Franciscan theology. He also produced three sets of quodlibetal disputations and numerous disputed questions.",{"title":36,"searchDepth":37,"depth":37,"links":1433},[],1249,"Richard of Middleton (Ricardus de Mediavilla, c. 1249–c. 1308) was a Franciscan theologian and scholastic philosopher, probably of Norman French origin. He studied and taught at Paris, where he served as regent master at the Franciscan studium (1284–1287) and later as minister provincial of France. His commentary on Peter Lombard's Sentences, edited 1285–1295, is his principal surviving work, notable for its careful synthesis of Aristotelian philosophy and Franciscan theology. He also produced three sets of quodlibetal disputations and numerous disputed questions.","\u002Fa\u002Frichard-of-middleton.jpg","richard-of-middleton",{},"Ricardus de Mediavilla","Richard of Middleton","\u002Fauthors\u002Frichard-of-middleton",{"description":1435},"authors\u002Frichard-of-middleton","https:\u002F\u002Fen.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FRichard_of_Middleton","h_Crd4s6QXBE2yw8RAd_pzr-CiKNB7Marf5V2a-gKj4",{"id":1447,"title":1448,"body":1449,"born":672,"description":1459,"died":1460,"extension":41,"image":1461,"key":1462,"meta":1463,"name":1464,"name_en":1465,"navigation":46,"path":1466,"seo":1467,"stem":1468,"wikipedia":1469,"__hash__":1470},"authors\u002Fauthors\u002Frobert-de-courson.md","Robert De Courson",{"type":8,"value":1450,"toc":1457},[1451],[11,1452,1453,1454,1456],{},"Robert of Courson (Robertus de Corcun, ca. 1160\u002F70–1218) was an English-born theologian who studied under Peter the Chanter at the University of Paris, where he later became a master of theology. His ",[15,1455,598],{}," (c. 1208–1214) is a massive compendium of moral theology treating simony, usury, oaths, vows, and ecclesiastical discipline, drawing on canon law, Scripture, and the Parisian schools. Appointed cardinal legate by Pope Innocent III in 1212, he conducted sweeping reform councils across France and played a formative role in preparing the Fourth Lateran Council (1215). He died at the Crusaders' camp at Damietta in 1218.",{"title":36,"searchDepth":37,"depth":37,"links":1458},[],"Robert of Courson (Robertus de Corcun, ca. 1160\u002F70–1218) was an English-born theologian who studied under Peter the Chanter at the University of Paris, where he later became a master of theology. His Summa (c. 1208–1214) is a massive compendium of moral theology treating simony, usury, oaths, vows, and ecclesiastical discipline, drawing on canon law, Scripture, and the Parisian schools. Appointed cardinal legate by Pope Innocent III in 1212, he conducted sweeping reform councils across France and played a formative role in preparing the Fourth Lateran Council (1215). He died at the Crusaders' camp at Damietta in 1218.",1218,"\u002Fa\u002Frobert-de-courson.jpg","robert-de-courson",{},"Robertus de Corcun","Robert of Courson","\u002Fauthors\u002Frobert-de-courson",{"description":1459},"authors\u002Frobert-de-courson","https:\u002F\u002Fen.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FRobert_of_Courson","6j5cntUAhDpVUIQqun317Eipdd12tbbpP3GzQx74kIc",{"id":1472,"title":1473,"body":1474,"born":1488,"description":1489,"died":407,"extension":41,"image":1490,"key":1491,"meta":1492,"name":1493,"name_en":1473,"navigation":46,"path":1494,"seo":1495,"stem":1496,"wikipedia":1497,"__hash__":1498},"authors\u002Fauthors\u002Fthomas-aquinas.md","Thomas Aquinas",{"type":8,"value":1475,"toc":1486},[1476],[11,1477,1478,1479,1482,1483,1485],{},"Thomas Aquinas (c. 1225–1274) was an Italian Dominican friar, philosopher, and theologian, known as the ",[15,1480,1481],{},"Doctor Angelicus",". His ",[15,1484,82],{}," is the foremost systematic work of medieval scholastic theology, integrating Aristotelian philosophy with Catholic doctrine across questions of God, creation, ethics, and law. He was declared a Doctor of the Church in 1568 and remains the preeminent authority in Thomistic philosophy.",{"title":36,"searchDepth":37,"depth":37,"links":1487},[],1225,"Thomas Aquinas (c. 1225–1274) was an Italian Dominican friar, philosopher, and theologian, known as the Doctor Angelicus. His Summa Theologiae is the foremost systematic work of medieval scholastic theology, integrating Aristotelian philosophy with Catholic doctrine across questions of God, creation, ethics, and law. He was declared a Doctor of the Church in 1568 and remains the preeminent authority in Thomistic philosophy.","\u002Fa\u002Fthomas-aquinas.jpg","thomas-aquinas",{},"Thomas de Aquino","\u002Fauthors\u002Fthomas-aquinas",{"description":1489},"authors\u002Fthomas-aquinas","https:\u002F\u002Fen.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FThomas_Aquinas","Ta_-VRJSVFWJGAcbyknBoWAysB1vm3CNw_sGSmr0EPk",{"id":1500,"title":1501,"body":1502,"born":522,"description":1516,"died":1517,"extension":41,"image":1518,"key":1519,"meta":1520,"name":1521,"name_en":1522,"navigation":46,"path":1523,"seo":1524,"stem":1525,"wikipedia":1526,"__hash__":1527},"authors\u002Fauthors\u002Fthomas-of-strasbourg.md","Thomas Of Strasbourg",{"type":8,"value":1503,"toc":1514},[1504],[11,1505,1506,1507,1510,1511,1513],{},"Thomas of Strasbourg (Thomas de Argentina, c. 1275–1357) was an Augustinian Hermit theologian and philosopher who served as Prior General of his order from 1345 until his death. He studied and taught at Paris, Oxford, and other major schools, becoming one of the most prominent Augustinian scholastics of the fourteenth century. His principal work, the ",[15,1508,1509],{},"Commentaria in quatuor libros Sententiarum"," (composed c. 1335–1337), is a substantial commentary on Peter Lombard's ",[15,1512,116],{}," that engages extensively with Thomas Aquinas, John Duns Scotus, and William of Ockham. He is sometimes considered a representative of an Augustinian school standing between the via antiqua and via moderna.",{"title":36,"searchDepth":37,"depth":37,"links":1515},[],"Thomas of Strasbourg (Thomas de Argentina, c. 1275–1357) was an Augustinian Hermit theologian and philosopher who served as Prior General of his order from 1345 until his death. He studied and taught at Paris, Oxford, and other major schools, becoming one of the most prominent Augustinian scholastics of the fourteenth century. His principal work, the Commentaria in quatuor libros Sententiarum (composed c. 1335–1337), is a substantial commentary on Peter Lombard's Sentences that engages extensively with Thomas Aquinas, John Duns Scotus, and William of Ockham. He is sometimes considered a representative of an Augustinian school standing between the via antiqua and via moderna.",1357,"\u002Fa\u002Fthomas-of-strasbourg.jpg","thomas-of-strasbourg",{},"Thomas de Argentina","Thomas of Strasbourg","\u002Fauthors\u002Fthomas-of-strasbourg",{"description":1516},"authors\u002Fthomas-of-strasbourg","https:\u002F\u002Fen.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FThomas_of_Strasbourg","U-1OqtnBtHW16RxkaGBW2r92BpjZpGkB3dF8bXg9RKI",{"id":1529,"title":1530,"body":1531,"born":1542,"description":1543,"died":1544,"extension":41,"image":1545,"key":1546,"meta":1547,"name":1548,"name_en":1549,"navigation":46,"path":1550,"seo":1551,"stem":1552,"wikipedia":1553,"__hash__":1554},"authors\u002Fauthors\u002Fturretin.md","Turretin",{"type":8,"value":1532,"toc":1540},[1533],[11,1534,1535,1536,1539],{},"Francis Turretin (1623–1687) was a Genevan Reformed theologian of Italian Protestant descent, pastor at the Italian congregation in Geneva and professor of theology at the Genevan Academy. His principal work, the ",[15,1537,1538],{},"Institutio Theologiae Elencticae"," (3 vols., 1679–1685), became the standard dogmatics text of high Reformed orthodoxy, shaping confessional Calvinist theology well into the nineteenth century, particularly in Scotland and America through Princeton Seminary. He was a fierce defender of Reformed doctrine against Arminianism, Socinianism, and Roman Catholicism, and a key figure in the formation of the Helvetic Consensus Formula (1675).",{"title":36,"searchDepth":37,"depth":37,"links":1541},[],1623,"Francis Turretin (1623–1687) was a Genevan Reformed theologian of Italian Protestant descent, pastor at the Italian congregation in Geneva and professor of theology at the Genevan Academy. His principal work, the Institutio Theologiae Elencticae (3 vols., 1679–1685), became the standard dogmatics text of high Reformed orthodoxy, shaping confessional Calvinist theology well into the nineteenth century, particularly in Scotland and America through Princeton Seminary. He was a fierce defender of Reformed doctrine against Arminianism, Socinianism, and Roman Catholicism, and a key figure in the formation of the Helvetic Consensus Formula (1675).",1687,"\u002Fa\u002Fturretin.jpg","turretin",{},"Franciscus Turrettinus","Francis Turretin","\u002Fauthors\u002Fturretin",{"description":1543},"authors\u002Fturretin","https:\u002F\u002Fen.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FFrancis_Turretin","bcG5TKgAyUhUq-seebVeLrFRkn2ctTtvTofxTx8X9F0",{"id":1556,"title":1557,"body":1558,"born":1573,"description":1574,"died":1575,"extension":41,"image":1576,"key":1577,"meta":1578,"name":1579,"name_en":1557,"navigation":46,"path":1580,"seo":1581,"stem":1582,"wikipedia":1583,"__hash__":1584},"authors\u002Fauthors\u002Fwilliam-ames.md","William Ames",{"type":8,"value":1559,"toc":1571},[1560],[11,1561,1562,1563,1566,1567,1570],{},"William Ames (1576–1633) was an English Puritan theologian and philosopher who became one of the most influential Reformed thinkers of the seventeenth century. Educated at Christ's College, Cambridge under William Perkins, he was driven from England for his nonconformity and eventually appointed professor of theology at the University of Franeker in Friesland (1622–1633). His two major works, the ",[15,1564,1565],{},"Medulla Theologica"," (1627) and ",[15,1568,1569],{},"De Conscientia"," (1630), provided compact systematic treatments of Reformed doctrine and casuistry that were widely used as textbooks in both European and New England universities. His emphasis on practical, experiential piety shaped the Puritan tradition on both sides of the Atlantic.",{"title":36,"searchDepth":37,"depth":37,"links":1572},[],1576,"William Ames (1576–1633) was an English Puritan theologian and philosopher who became one of the most influential Reformed thinkers of the seventeenth century. Educated at Christ's College, Cambridge under William Perkins, he was driven from England for his nonconformity and eventually appointed professor of theology at the University of Franeker in Friesland (1622–1633). His two major works, the Medulla Theologica (1627) and De Conscientia (1630), provided compact systematic treatments of Reformed doctrine and casuistry that were widely used as textbooks in both European and New England universities. His emphasis on practical, experiential piety shaped the Puritan tradition on both sides of the Atlantic.",1633,"\u002Fa\u002Fwilliam-ames.jpg","william-ames",{},"Gulielmus Amesius","\u002Fauthors\u002Fwilliam-ames",{"description":1574},"authors\u002Fwilliam-ames","https:\u002F\u002Fen.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FWilliam_Ames_(theologian)","kZ4qYmoTjsYe3NBsqq48kVOKLf6AAuZDM699kwiU3GM",{"id":1586,"title":1587,"body":1588,"born":1601,"description":1602,"died":1603,"extension":41,"image":1604,"key":1605,"meta":1606,"name":1607,"name_en":1608,"navigation":46,"path":1609,"seo":1610,"stem":1611,"wikipedia":1612,"__hash__":1613},"authors\u002Fauthors\u002Fwilliam-of-auxerre.md","William Of Auxerre",{"type":8,"value":1589,"toc":1599},[1590],[11,1591,1592,1593,1595,1596,1598],{},"William of Auxerre (Guillelmus Altissiodorensis, c. 1150–1231) was a French scholastic theologian and master at the University of Paris in the first decades of the thirteenth century, and archdeacon of Beauvais. His ",[15,1594,835],{},", composed in the 1220s, is one of the earliest systematic theological summae and an important transitional work between Peter Lombard's ",[15,1597,116],{}," and the great Dominican and Franciscan summae of the mid-thirteenth century; it was widely read and influenced Alexander of Hales, Albert the Great, and Thomas Aquinas. He was among the first scholastics to make extensive theological use of the newly available Aristotelian corpus. In 1231 he was appointed by Gregory IX to the commission charged with examining and expurgating Aristotle's natural philosophy, but died in Rome that same year before the work could begin.",{"title":36,"searchDepth":37,"depth":37,"links":1600},[],1150,"William of Auxerre (Guillelmus Altissiodorensis, c. 1150–1231) was a French scholastic theologian and master at the University of Paris in the first decades of the thirteenth century, and archdeacon of Beauvais. His Summa aurea, composed in the 1220s, is one of the earliest systematic theological summae and an important transitional work between Peter Lombard's Sentences and the great Dominican and Franciscan summae of the mid-thirteenth century; it was widely read and influenced Alexander of Hales, Albert the Great, and Thomas Aquinas. He was among the first scholastics to make extensive theological use of the newly available Aristotelian corpus. In 1231 he was appointed by Gregory IX to the commission charged with examining and expurgating Aristotle's natural philosophy, but died in Rome that same year before the work could begin.",1231,"\u002Fa\u002Fwilliam-of-auxerre.jpg","william-of-auxerre",{},"Guillelmus Altissiodorensis","William of Auxerre","\u002Fauthors\u002Fwilliam-of-auxerre",{"description":1602},"authors\u002Fwilliam-of-auxerre","https:\u002F\u002Fen.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FWilliam_of_Auxerre","wmXZY_IhRgDuN7QR12erpxv12PbsSvbs40Q8MLYfgrE",{"id":1615,"title":1616,"body":1617,"born":1624,"description":1621,"died":1625,"extension":41,"image":1626,"key":1627,"meta":1628,"name":1616,"name_en":1616,"navigation":46,"path":1629,"seo":1630,"stem":1631,"wikipedia":1632,"__hash__":1633},"authors\u002Fauthors\u002Fwilliam-perkins.md","William Perkins",{"type":8,"value":1618,"toc":1622},[1619],[11,1620,1621],{},"William Perkins (1558–1602) was an influential English Puritan theologian and fellow of Christ's College, Cambridge. One of the leading Reformed theologians of his generation, he was renowned for his plain preaching style and prolific writings on predestination, casuistry, and practical divinity. His commentary on the Epistle to the Galatians, covering the first five chapters, was published posthumously in 1607 alongside a supplement on the sixth chapter supplied by Ralph Cudworth. His works were widely read across Protestant Europe and exerted a formative influence on early Puritanism in England and New England.",{"title":36,"searchDepth":37,"depth":37,"links":1623},[],1558,1602,"\u002Fa\u002Fwilliam-perkins.jpg","william-perkins",{},"\u002Fauthors\u002Fwilliam-perkins",{"description":1621},"authors\u002Fwilliam-perkins","https:\u002F\u002Fen.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FWilliam_Perkins_(theologian)","I1rI4ArD5Jj47NnguTtIRvsfIJKUHb7VY5RYsAJpmZA",{"id":1635,"title":1636,"body":1637,"born":86,"description":1648,"died":1649,"extension":41,"image":1650,"key":1651,"meta":1652,"name":1653,"name_en":1654,"navigation":46,"path":1655,"seo":1656,"stem":1657,"wikipedia":1658,"__hash__":1659},"authors\u002Fauthors\u002Fwilliam-saint-amour.md","William Saint Amour",{"type":8,"value":1638,"toc":1646},[1639],[11,1640,1641,1642,1645],{},"William of Saint-Amour (c. 1200–1272) was a French theologian and doctor of the Faculty of Theology of Paris, where he was a prominent secular master and member of the Sorbonne. He became the leading voice of the secular clergy in their conflict with the Franciscan and Dominican friars over the right to preach, hear confessions, and hold university chairs. His treatise ",[15,1643,1644],{},"De Periculis Novissimorum Temporum"," (On the Dangers of the Last Times, 1256), which identified the mendicant orders with the false prophets foretold in Scripture, was condemned by Pope Alexander IV, who expelled William from France. He was permitted to return after Alexander's death and died in his native Saint-Amour in Franche-Comté. His collected works were published posthumously in 1632 at Constance by editors sympathetic to the Gallican and secular clerical tradition.",{"title":36,"searchDepth":37,"depth":37,"links":1647},[],"William of Saint-Amour (c. 1200–1272) was a French theologian and doctor of the Faculty of Theology of Paris, where he was a prominent secular master and member of the Sorbonne. He became the leading voice of the secular clergy in their conflict with the Franciscan and Dominican friars over the right to preach, hear confessions, and hold university chairs. His treatise De Periculis Novissimorum Temporum (On the Dangers of the Last Times, 1256), which identified the mendicant orders with the false prophets foretold in Scripture, was condemned by Pope Alexander IV, who expelled William from France. He was permitted to return after Alexander's death and died in his native Saint-Amour in Franche-Comté. His collected works were published posthumously in 1632 at Constance by editors sympathetic to the Gallican and secular clerical tradition.",1272,"\u002Fa\u002Fwilliam-saint-amour.jpg","william-saint-amour",{},"Guillelmus de Sancto Amore","William of Saint-Amour","\u002Fauthors\u002Fwilliam-saint-amour",{"description":1648},"authors\u002Fwilliam-saint-amour","https:\u002F\u002Fen.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FWilliam_of_Saint-Amour","TWtM0SUJV8ZLxn0UpKC3RFMBgoPMsG8-kYHCvWeMnxE",{"id":1661,"title":1662,"body":1663,"born":1678,"description":1679,"died":1680,"extension":41,"image":1681,"key":1682,"meta":1683,"name":1662,"name_en":1662,"navigation":46,"path":1684,"seo":1685,"stem":1686,"wikipedia":1687,"__hash__":1688},"authors\u002Fauthors\u002Fwilliam-tyndale.md","William Tyndale",{"type":8,"value":1664,"toc":1676},[1665],[11,1666,1667,1668,1671,1672,1675],{},"William Tyndale (c. 1494–1536) was an English scholar and reformer who became the principal translator of the Bible into English in the Reformation era. Working in exile on the Continent, he produced the first printed English New Testament (1526) directly from the Greek, along with portions of the Old Testament from the Hebrew, shaping the language of all later English Bibles. He also wrote influential polemical and doctrinal works, including ",[15,1669,1670],{},"The Obedience of a Christian Man"," (1528) and ",[15,1673,1674],{},"The Parable of the Wicked Mammon"," (1528). Betrayed and arrested near Brussels, he was tried for heresy and executed by strangling and burning at Vilvoorde in 1536; his dying prayer, \"Lord, open the King of England's eyes,\" was answered within a few years by the licensing of the English Bible.",{"title":36,"searchDepth":37,"depth":37,"links":1677},[],1494,"William Tyndale (c. 1494–1536) was an English scholar and reformer who became the principal translator of the Bible into English in the Reformation era. Working in exile on the Continent, he produced the first printed English New Testament (1526) directly from the Greek, along with portions of the Old Testament from the Hebrew, shaping the language of all later English Bibles. He also wrote influential polemical and doctrinal works, including The Obedience of a Christian Man (1528) and The Parable of the Wicked Mammon (1528). Betrayed and arrested near Brussels, he was tried for heresy and executed by strangling and burning at Vilvoorde in 1536; his dying prayer, \"Lord, open the King of England's eyes,\" was answered within a few years by the licensing of the English Bible.",1536,"\u002Fa\u002Fwilliam-tyndale.jpg","william-tyndale",{},"\u002Fauthors\u002Fwilliam-tyndale",{"description":1679},"authors\u002Fwilliam-tyndale","https:\u002F\u002Fen.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FWilliam_Tyndale","wx_IpWauRMmkBNcER1vlDyRcvLoCF412nkGP8j0VB88",{"id":1690,"title":872,"authors":1691,"body":1692,"cover":1705,"description":1706,"document":1707,"editors":56,"extension":41,"filesize":1708,"key":40,"language":1709,"meta":1710,"navigation":46,"ocr_model":1711,"pages":1712,"pagination_starts":1713,"path":1718,"seo":1719,"stem":1720,"title_en":872,"typeface":1721,"url":1722,"year":57,"__hash__":1723},"documentsMeta\u002Fdocuments\u002Fhuguccio-summa-acsp-c114.md",[6],{"type":8,"value":1693,"toc":1703},[1694],[11,1695,1696,1697,1699,1700,1702],{},"The most extensive and influential of the twelfth-century commentaries on Gratian's ",[15,1698,17],{},", composed by Huguccio of Pisa ca. 1188–1190 while he taught canon law at Bologna. The Summa works through the ",[15,1701,17],{}," in order — Distinctions I–XCVI in the first part and Causae I–XXXV in the second — drawing together and surpassing the earlier decretist tradition (Rufinus, Stephen of Tournai, Johannes Faventinus, Simon of Bisignano). It became the standard reference for later canonists and shaped the Glossa ordinaria. Vatican, Arch. Cap. S. Pietro C.114 is a 14th-century manuscript copy in two-column gothic textualis, 340 folios.",{"title":36,"searchDepth":37,"depth":37,"links":1704},[],"\u002Fd\u002Fhuguccio-summa-acsp-c114\u002Fcover.jpg","The most extensive and influential of the twelfth-century commentaries on Gratian's Decretum, composed by Huguccio of Pisa ca. 1188–1190 while he taught canon law at Bologna. The Summa works through the Decretum in order — Distinctions I–XCVI in the first part and Causae I–XXXV in the second — drawing together and surpassing the earlier decretist tradition (Rufinus, Stephen of Tournai, Johannes Faventinus, Simon of Bisignano). It became the standard reference for later canonists and shaped the Glossa ordinaria. Vatican, Arch. Cap. S. Pietro C.114 is a 14th-century manuscript copy in two-column gothic textualis, 340 folios.","\u002Fd\u002Fhuguccio-summa-acsp-c114.pdf","491.3MB","latin",{},"10.5281\u002Fzenodo.11113737",684,[1714],{"pdf_page":1715,"printed_page":1715,"numeral_type":1716,"pagination":1717},1,"arabic","folio-two-column","\u002Fdocuments\u002Fhuguccio-summa-acsp-c114",{"title":872,"description":1706},"documents\u002Fhuguccio-summa-acsp-c114","gothic","https:\u002F\u002Fdigi.vatlib.it\u002Fmss\u002Fdetail\u002FArch.Cap.S.Pietro.C.114","Eli7Ag8PqmF90BMudTLI1AD0HFi67TxazJLsMJtswQE",[1725,1803,1874,1975,2010,2033,2055,2672,3216,3275],{"id":1726,"title":1727,"body":1728,"description":1796,"extension":41,"meta":1797,"navigation":46,"page":48,"path":1798,"pdf_page":51,"reading":42,"seo":1799,"sortable_pagination_id":1800,"stem":1801,"__hash__":1802},"readingsTranscription\u002Freadings\u002Ftranscription\u002Fhuguccio-summa-causa-1\u002F117ra.md","Causa Prima",{"type":8,"value":1729,"toc":1790},[1730,1734,1741,1746,1750,1755,1767,1772,1775,1779,1784],[1731,1732,1727],"h1",{"id":1733},"causa-prima",[11,1735,1736,1740],{},[1737,1738,1739],"span",{},";;;"," excusari in superiori causa qualiter symonia debeat esse condempnanda et puniens, set quia bona sine ordine iudiciario priuari non debent, ingreditur hanc causam in qua de ordine iudiciario pertractat, ostendens quod neque condempnandus sit qui non est confessus, et quod spoliatus prius ordini iuris sit restituendus ac deinde, et que pena puniat illum qui defraudat accatores, et que omnia obiecta et quod plura sunt rigida, et quales sint qui appellatione sint reuelandi, et qualiter inter accatores et clericos remoueantur, et clerici admittantur, qualiter accator sit satisfaciendum.",[1742,1743,1744],"h2",{"id":36},[1737,1745,1739],{},[11,1747,1748],{},[1737,1749,1739],{},[1742,1751,1753],{"id":1752},"_1",[1737,1754,1739],{},[11,1756,1757,1758,1760,1761,1763,1764,1766],{},"Vot. h. inuitat: pa",[1737,1759,1739],{}," non est etiam que ad nullas debet condempnationem obhortari ad ordinem iudiciarium, set ad. e. q. e. e. tam in xxxii. q. vi. Decreuit autem casualiter ut quis fit alio de causis scilicet propter notorium fcm euidens, ut j. e. e. manifesta. § lotarius de manifesta propter contumaciam absens qui condempnatur non seruato ordine iuris. iii. q. iii. decreuimus xxiiii. q. iii. q. iiii. dilecta. propter scandali uitationem set elicit publice infamatum decimas. set non si non confessus suspendit nisi propter scandalum populi, ut j. e. q. presbyter si propter suspicionem dilapidationis. suspectus de delapidatione bonorum ecclesie remouetur ab administratione antequam cognoscat de causa, ut iiii. q. i. q. eo § defectu iudicis puta cum a se est intrusus in sedem applica te qui a iure superiori audet excora qui conueniat. et ob seruato ordine iuris compellantur. ut. iii. q. i. C ",[1737,1762,1739],{}," mox ordo iudiciarius dicitur ut quis apud suum iudicem conueniat et ad causam eius edictis. l. uno peremptorio peremptoriis legitimis conscriptis et tertia editione denuntientur indutie accatorio sollempniter aduiscriptis fiat in testes legitimi producantur, producti legitime producantur et producti legitime examinentur et omnia inscriptis proferantur, et tunc nisi conuictus l confessus et cetere sollempnitates iuris omnino seu legalis obseruantur. Et nota quod ordo iudiciarius est duobus modis scilicet simpliciter et quod p simpliciter est qui condempnat seruata integratione ordinis iudiciarii. § quod p",[1737,1765,1739],{}," est qui condempnat non seruata integratione ordinis iudiciarii ut in primissis exceptis casibus, et qui dicitur ipsius cum hoc cas. nisi simpliciter et integer et simpliciter set seruari in § quod a. inparte. quia talis casus ordinem iudiciarium requirit nam eo ipso dicitur in priuari ordo iuris quia non seruatur, et omnimoda sollempnitas ordinis iudiciarii. Et nota quod quedam sententia est condempnationis siue deponis quedam excommunicationis quedam suspensionis quoniam neutrum non obseruato ordine iuris. nisi casualiter ut dictum est, sententia depositionis sequente sollempnitas iuris non obseruatur dum proferantur a suo iudice et an appellationem ut j. e. q. e. neo.x. q. an. si epe forte seruet illa tum differentia quod sententia excommunicationis debet proferri absque ordine iudiciarii. et j. e. q. e. neo xxxiiii. q. iii. dilicrta; sed sententia suspensionis qui recte profertur eo non obseruato. ut j. e. q. v. ubi. si.",[1742,1768,1770],{"id":1769},"_2",[1737,1771,1739],{},[11,1773,1774],{},"Quod nisi prius sumus, id est non debemus. sententia deponis l denoiendi quia absque consequentia profertur in debetem, set sententia suspensionis sepe habere posse omisso profertur.",[11,1776,1777],{},[1737,1778,1739],{},[1742,1780,1782],{"id":1781},"_3",[1737,1783,1739],{},[11,1785,1786,1787,1789],{},"Quos hi peteruer ut Fe. q. xviii si. p. et nullis de sententia excora datur quod loco profertur indebitis. ar. j. e. q. e. multi conuictum legitime testibus l istud ac fee oculis. iuris l ipius facti euidentia testimonio est fci notorii hominis conuie. ar. di. xxviii. ius quod xxxiii. q. iii. de his et j. e. q. e. manifestus q lotarius de manifesta. confessum iniure. nam confessio extra ius non facit non extraiudicialiter ut iuxta predicationem scilicet propter contumaciam absens et potuma maria professoraut. xi. q. viii. decreuimus condempnari nisi quos vsy ut xxiii. q. iii. de illicita. sponte. id est sine coactione et metu confessio est metu coartione extorta iudiceque ut xv. q. vi. C. i. xxxi. q. ii. lotharius j v. q. v. propa. cc sicut idem dicitur de sententia excoionis hoc q sententia odenois l excoionis euiat circa l per accidentaliter consonant qd l dicitur iure ec de quo contumax erat profeso habebat. Et per vii. q. i. § si quis idem conuictus si loquitur de sententia suspensionis q sepe habet permisso profert l si loquitur de sententia deponis pro contumacia habet clericus ge",[1737,1788,1739],{},"ti commini sua et admonitus non redit l sin admonitione non redit ad tps legitimum profertur s. di. lxxvi. probacia et s. i quod cominat. et flord es ma de",{"title":36,"searchDepth":37,"depth":37,"links":1791},[1792,1793,1794,1795],{"id":36,"depth":37,"text":1739},{"id":1752,"depth":37,"text":1739},{"id":1769,"depth":37,"text":1739},{"id":1781,"depth":37,"text":1739},";;; excusari in superiori causa qualiter symonia debeat esse condempnanda et puniens, set quia bona sine ordine iudiciario priuari non debent, ingreditur hanc causam in qua de ordine iudiciario pertractat, ostendens quod neque condempnandus sit qui non est confessus, et quod spoliatus prius ordini iuris sit restituendus ac deinde, et que pena puniat illum qui defraudat accatores, et que omnia obiecta et quod plura sunt rigida, et quales sint qui appellatione sint reuelandi, et qualiter inter accatores et clericos remoueantur, et clerici admittantur, qualiter accator sit satisfaciendum.",{},"\u002Freadings\u002Ftranscription\u002Fhuguccio-summa-causa-1\u002F117ra",{"title":1727,"description":1796},233.1,"readings\u002Ftranscription\u002Fhuguccio-summa-causa-1\u002F117ra","WcKSbw8XEH_ke7dLbGox8GgyTm0PnA1XWDaPw-6rC1I",{"id":1804,"title":1805,"body":1806,"description":1867,"extension":41,"meta":1868,"navigation":46,"page":1805,"path":1869,"pdf_page":51,"reading":42,"seo":1870,"sortable_pagination_id":1871,"stem":1872,"__hash__":1873},"readingsTranscription\u002Freadings\u002Ftranscription\u002Fhuguccio-summa-causa-1\u002F117rb.md","117rb",{"type":8,"value":1807,"toc":1860},[1808,1819,1824,1839,1843,1846,1850,1853,1857],[11,1809,1810,1812,1813,1815,1816,1818],{},[1737,1811,1739],{}," loquitur sub gdrrior scilicet si ueri ce probaret quod dicebat; iudex discutie ",[1737,1814,1739],{}," examinans. sententia. quod cyriois. l excor sin nocendis tale ",[1737,1817,1739],{}," q.iiii. forte intellige. luper permiscentius. inonere ouos scilicet tales qui repellantur ab obrectatione: quia quemiosi non sunt recipiendi mubestuoru quum ille. nisi cuiuncti contigerit ti. q. d. confessam reses h instrumentali ipsius facti euidentiar.",[1820,1821,1822],"h3",{"id":36},[1737,1823,1739],{},[11,1825,1826,1827,1829,1830,1832,1833,1835,1836,1838],{},"Hoc est progressus et hoc verum at hic dicat aug. et bt intorpe in noi te sutuonio. odit iudiciario condempnat per ordinaria scilicet pro ferri. quod non ad executionem. set nisi sententia debeat ad decedendum differri ad locus sit appellationi. uno qua nisi debent differri usque ad xxx. dies ut xi. q. iiii. cum apostoli. set dico. quod loquitur in eo casu cum in ibua est appellatione ultra l ende causis appellatione l dico quod non dicitur sententia differri usquequo redeas, id est j. tps legitimum publicum scilicet decedii et decedii in quibus appellaui rec ante sententiam mandata et execu tioni. et l. redim adit conferret. set pendente s pea cumiamddm ad ",[1737,1828,1739],{}," q ",[1737,1831,1739],{}," et ",[1737,1834,1739],{}," sententiam mandate execuisi cum imp ",[1737,1837,1739],{}," xxxii q. iiii. doctissimas hoc nota quia magis. Io. inculligit hunc casu de illo qui confessus est in iure. condempnatus est ore qd ofeslus in iure. apliarou pne ulta sententia statiderit ferri marcine ecor. set dico qd quodis qui confiteatur non condempnat sin habet appellare. ut x. c. vι.τe 2.",[1820,1840,1841],{"id":1752},[1737,1842,1739],{},[11,1844,1845],{},"Et absque accatore: ari qd sacerdos qui notatus de crimine. cum sit oblitus debeat deponi ul condempnari per ordinaria. cum sin accatore. nec decimis sit condempnandum j. et ux. e. demanifesta. xx iii. q. iii. siqui. xxiiii. cult ddo tn quod sit ad ynalem coorum etsi penite noluit per contumaciam ut excoicari iurate de pe ne. uida. vxh quod vsut do iuda iratus quod loquitur de oculti latere nisi est et exxii q. xana in quia causu intelligunt omnia capitula. ramares. d ant prelatior uel oxorcionis. in iuras. l accepte v inferre in suum suffraganeum. ut di xii de his et j. dr xxxiiii. quorundam et xi. q. iii. siquis epis iohannisl niihas signat tritu sententia damnationis. unde quidam ul bunt istum gradum. set glosa turcus et seruus adiguaut l ecclesia quod nisi iurat quod primates possit deponere episcopos. Q ix. di. yris. cσ:μιιι. q. Vι. accatus gradus contra multi. etc. dudum co. addunt quoddam quod primatibus, μ7 deportare exos et non metropolitanus. alii dicunt quod oli iniciunt set non in alia condempnatione episcoporum sine noscia pape. set neuter istarum solutionum ualet, q a tempore apostolorum hoc obtinuit quod causa depositionis episcoporum primates et metropolitani et episcopi tractauerunt et examinauerunt set non difficile sine mandato domini papali ut vi. q. vi. quod uis interesse. yloradio armania v. l forte explorato et incet enim. nesciu enim sententia conueniret aut suo iudice nisi pus ut a quia sila ntene bar cu cet lata aiudoice nsiptiasuspecto et sin aue. p. an suo iudice negarit accusare contumaciam. set sic intelligo. Mtuvnι. ipso uno ut rerctda. l facto naturali snia lata cαοrοισ iudiciariam ipso iure nulla est irritate et non tenet uoluit retractationis maioris.",[1820,1847,1848],{"id":1769},[1737,1849,1739],{},[11,1851,1852],{},"Ius v. gub. nernb eq qυdeuno ꝯccdrtꝭ de auo negit andi. iudicat. ar.xv. q.v. ẜbτιν εχησ ut. ꝯfesladico ii.x.iv. disciplina ꝯιε τoccnacdii: nt di. xxxii. erubescat πxxxiv. q. iii. ds pocclt. ar. quod quis per uitare occulta coionem. iiiius quidem iure scrt ee quodcoicatu lic alius nesciat. Mυν. q. uι. si tu. sustineꝝe. salto in publica coione siquis est sciat occultum ut alidoc Aa coiod per ei negarr set publice tenet coicare. ut. vi q. ii. siti et j. e. q. e. si peccauerit.",[1820,1854,1855],{"id":1781},[1737,1856,1739],{},[11,1858,1859],{},"Nimis multis cap ag deti pis principali scilicet de q de presbytero ianuarii episcopi ideiso ianuario excommunicato. malachitane ee de stephano episcopo qui obmeritis et fauoris cda principio quia perdiderunt ab ecclesiis sed propulerunt et alios loco eorum sustituerunt scribit gs. o hami defensori circa istorum tum omnibus examinanda dittitue ad primo instruit eum quibus actor stepheri reberant respondent. quo qt re",{"title":36,"searchDepth":37,"depth":37,"links":1861},[1862,1864,1865,1866],{"id":36,"depth":1863,"text":1739},3,{"id":1752,"depth":1863,"text":1739},{"id":1769,"depth":1863,"text":1739},{"id":1781,"depth":1863,"text":1739},";;; loquitur sub gdrrior scilicet si ueri ce probaret quod dicebat; iudex discutie ;;; examinans. sententia. quod cyriois. l excor sin nocendis tale ;;; q.iiii. forte intellige. luper permiscentius. inonere ouos scilicet tales qui repellantur ab obrectatione: quia quemiosi non sunt recipiendi mubestuoru quum ille. nisi cuiuncti contigerit ti. q. d. confessam reses h instrumentali ipsius facti euidentiar.",{},"\u002Freadings\u002Ftranscription\u002Fhuguccio-summa-causa-1\u002F117rb",{"description":1867},233.2,"readings\u002Ftranscription\u002Fhuguccio-summa-causa-1\u002F117rb","UkMDtFmbmQ_TZWoriE1k6XtOdomM1J7iSqvuQeNIFpk",{"id":1875,"title":1876,"body":1877,"description":1967,"extension":41,"meta":1968,"navigation":46,"page":1876,"path":1969,"pdf_page":1970,"reading":42,"seo":1971,"sortable_pagination_id":1972,"stem":1973,"__hash__":1974},"readingsTranscription\u002Freadings\u002Ftranscription\u002Fhuguccio-summa-causa-1\u002F117va.md","117va",{"type":8,"value":1878,"toc":1965},[1879],[11,1880,1881,1883,1884,1886,1887,1889,1890,1892,1893,1895,1896,1898,1899,1901,1902,1904,1905,1907,1908,1910,1911,1913,1914,1916,1917,1919,1920,1922,1923,1925,1926,1928,1929,1931,1932,1934,1935,1937,1938,1940,1941,1943,1944,1946,1947,1949,1950,1952,1953,1955,1956,1958,1959,1961,1962,1964],{},[1737,1882,1739],{}," de stepho ",[1737,1885,1739],{}," diligenter ",[1737,1888,1739],{}," ordine ",[1737,1891,1739],{}," non deuiat. ut p plurib. dilexerit ẜis vbi. quod plus iustitie ostruit cũ ce",[1737,1894,1739],{},"b. q. ẜ. j. h. j. et apostolicis ",[1737,1897,1739],{}," usque receptari. xij. q. ij. j receptã. j vniuersa peticio. q ianuariũ usq prĩo. p",[1737,1900,1739],{},". ostij ",[1737,1903,1739],{}," q nuste ",[1737,1906,1739],{}," ca fuit recensere. j spoliato ",[1737,1909,1739],{}," siue probata. ñ cum sufficit motu j ꝓbeat. ar. vij. q. iiij. nec. xv. q. iij. p mota nō ꝓbata. obiit q inanã noluit se ",[1737,1912,1739],{}," ñ nec ee depositi. q ñ ñ siquis miuet. eaq cause ",[1737,1915,1739],{}," siue probata ordine iuris. s. p res j instrumenta j eu denter ostendat fei ipo ",[1737,1918,1739],{},". al cũ a fidelii j tractari j discutiri j ñ ee abse j p uocata. ar. j. e. j. siq epis. j. e. q. xviij. quoniã. glose ",[1737,1921,1739],{}," eius ad eñiandi ",[1737,1924,1739],{}," tener secus. ẜ ñ ñ a duceretur deponere. xx. j. j. ẜ epis. siq sui dux accederit a inspectione ",[1737,1927,1739],{}," siq sint ",[1737,1930,1739],{}," sacerdotes ¶ epñ ad ꝑṽt eius ",[1737,1933,1739],{}," ut. xxxvij. plactuit ꝙ ass ",[1737,1936,1739],{}," ut. xj. q. ij. placuit ꝙ ass ",[1737,1939,1739],{}," siue qñ ñ siet ",[1737,1942,1739],{}," ut. xv. q. j. siquis de ordine ",[1737,1945,1739],{}," cois oriunt. ut. j. xxxv. an oñ ut. j. no. nullus. j. iij. q. j. eo iudicio ",[1737,1948,1739],{}," nec ꝙ aliã p est moueret. ñ. j. xviij. placuit modo phationis. j ꝯ uictionis ",[1737,1951,1739],{}," ar j expansoi. iij. j cũ accusatu. j j eñiandi q sicuti j ñ obs deposito. an j. e. ñ ñ ut. j. salaru iudice j este j ñ ñ in cõa salaru. j. j. j de iudicare. ar. j j. siet hci. ꝑ ñ siciali. ꝯ ñ ee ñ ꝯ uti j eo eo. j siue accusato alicia ꝙ siera fuerit nõbeerent. ar j ñ siecioia. j j siquod ",[1737,1954,1739],{}," qñ aliã ꝙ aggrederet eos j ñ ñ se. ꝙ. j j. j. ñ. quieto. ꝙ siet hoc. j q. v. j ẜag. j. xxv. q. iiij. gauiseti. ꝙ pl\u002Fsa siet quod illius p sũ siaca distra. ẜ ut sit oñ siue ẜpresto P. instructa. p eñ deta sit ꝓ supscriptioe utri sit verẜaria ḡ ñ. ẜ. j. e. q. e. q. probabilet ꝓ pgnante inducat. j. e. q. j. p molenta j esie ducerent. xxxv. q. j. j iuiusto. j eiecte ñ solu sunt. q in spoliato ee j. j ñ ñ. j loco ee in casuali ñ ñ. j. j. ñ ñ inceperit tractare de iuria. j. e. duo j crilio. j. e. de execute j depositiis ab oñ ñ. ar. j. j ñ. j. ñ ñ in deposito P. tũ pse ñ debetuet. ar. j. j. xxvij. b. ee de iudicato pp ",[1737,1957,1739],{}," xv. q. j. j nec. j ñ moto loco potest laborare ꝯ p sũ laboraret me ee deserete ñ siecreuit ",[1737,1960,1739],{}," eiecte muiste j esio depositi. q ñ ñ siecreuit cum suis. eciam munus l ñ ee ñ. j ñ ñ in ñ. j ñ ñ siecit ñ. j. iij q. iij. mliusus l. q. q i muneres l a dignitate qui nesciret eũ siet erecte ñ siet siliã indita p q sũ debuit ñ p siet ñ debe remoui sliã ee ñ ñ pi mala. j ar. j. ec. j. p ñ steti. capi ñ. j. ẜ. j. ẜ eu de mirabile. ẜ adiuuant ab uitario munite j muneo ñ. ñ p incaute. j j. siue ñ. eñ punitat eius nec credat q sit ꝑ siet ",[1737,1963,1739],{}," ar. j j j j inmemoriã st spoliã illi q sit qd ñ ñ. j. j. q cautelã illi ñ siet j studieret ab. ar. xv. q. j. p sit ñ ñ. j. q. j. ñ. j. soluitur. j. j. e. j cu ordinatu indignũ ñ indigne j j. q. j ñ ñ. j ñ ñ. j p siet potestate ordinato. xxxv. j cessati. j j j j aliq res. ar. j ñ. j j j epi siet ñ ñ. j j ñ. j ñ ñ. b ñ ñ siet ñ. j ñ ñ. j ñ ñ ñ ee p sit. j ñ ñ. l es magis. ñ ñ ee depositi P. ulati cũ q infirmo eñ erat. fei. ñ. j. p siet. j scandali. P. ñ ee siet ñ ee ñ. j ñ ñ. p sũ vero ordinati. j ñ ñ. j scandalu. j p ea enoui de ñ ñ. j ñ ñ. j p meri ꝓ siet ñ. coloribus excitatos ñ siet pri suate ñ siet eos ñ siet ñ siet penã j illi pre coactus negotiũ moueret. ut. j. j. principes metũ dicit. j principis. j p siedis priuetur p p sũ ñ ñ ee mortis. ñ. j ñ ñ. j ñ. j coegerit moriendi etiã ñ ñ ñ ñ siet ñ siet. ut. xxiij. q. j. j ita sua sponte. q. j ñ. j proetime metũ siet ee ad cũ sponte obsessis. ar. j. j. j sũ siet siet siet ñ. q ad espuetatu epi p siet siet.",{"title":36,"searchDepth":37,"depth":37,"links":1966},[],";;; de stepho ;;; diligenter ;;; ordine ;;; non deuiat. ut p plurib. dilexerit ẜis vbi. quod plus iustitie ostruit cũ ce;;;b. q. ẜ. j. h. j. et apostolicis ;;; usque receptari. xij. q. ij. j receptã. j vniuersa peticio. q ianuariũ usq prĩo. p;;;. ostij ;;; q nuste ;;; ca fuit recensere. j spoliato ;;; siue probata. ñ cum sufficit motu j ꝓbeat. ar. vij. q. iiij. nec. xv. q. iij. p mota nō ꝓbata. obiit q inanã noluit se ;;; ñ nec ee depositi. q ñ ñ siquis miuet. eaq cause ;;; siue probata ordine iuris. s. p res j instrumenta j eu denter ostendat fei ipo ;;;. al cũ a fidelii j tractari j discutiri j ñ ee abse j p uocata. ar. j. e. j. siq epis. j. e. q. xviij. quoniã. glose ;;; eius ad eñiandi ;;; tener secus. ẜ ñ ñ a duceretur deponere. xx. j. j. ẜ epis. siq sui dux accederit a inspectione ;;; siq sint ;;; sacerdotes ¶ epñ ad ꝑṽt eius ;;; ut. xxxvij. plactuit ꝙ ass ;;; ut. xj. q. ij. placuit ꝙ ass ;;; siue qñ ñ siet ;;; ut. xv. q. j. siquis de ordine ;;; cois oriunt. ut. j. xxxv. an oñ ut. j. no. nullus. j. iij. q. j. eo iudicio ;;; nec ꝙ aliã p est moueret. ñ. j. xviij. placuit modo phationis. j ꝯ uictionis ;;; ar j expansoi. iij. j cũ accusatu. j j eñiandi q sicuti j ñ obs deposito. an j. e. ñ ñ ut. j. salaru iudice j este j ñ ñ in cõa salaru. j. j. j de iudicare. ar. j j. siet hci. ꝑ ñ siciali. ꝯ ñ ee ñ ꝯ uti j eo eo. j siue accusato alicia ꝙ siera fuerit nõbeerent. ar j ñ siecioia. j j siquod ;;; qñ aliã ꝙ aggrederet eos j ñ ñ se. ꝙ. j j. j. ñ. quieto. ꝙ siet hoc. j q. v. j ẜag. j. xxv. q. iiij. gauiseti. ꝙ pl\u002Fsa siet quod illius p sũ siaca distra. ẜ ut sit oñ siue ẜpresto P. instructa. p eñ deta sit ꝓ supscriptioe utri sit verẜaria ḡ ñ. ẜ. j. e. q. e. q. probabilet ꝓ pgnante inducat. j. e. q. j. p molenta j esie ducerent. xxxv. q. j. j iuiusto. j eiecte ñ solu sunt. q in spoliato ee j. j ñ ñ. j loco ee in casuali ñ ñ. j. j. ñ ñ inceperit tractare de iuria. j. e. duo j crilio. j. e. de execute j depositiis ab oñ ñ. ar. j. j ñ. j. ñ ñ in deposito P. tũ pse ñ debetuet. ar. j. j. xxvij. b. ee de iudicato pp ;;; xv. q. j. j nec. j ñ moto loco potest laborare ꝯ p sũ laboraret me ee deserete ñ siecreuit ;;; eiecte muiste j esio depositi. q ñ ñ siecreuit cum suis. eciam munus l ñ ee ñ. j ñ ñ in ñ. j ñ ñ siecit ñ. j. iij q. iij. mliusus l. q. q i muneres l a dignitate qui nesciret eũ siet erecte ñ siet siliã indita p q sũ debuit ñ p siet ñ debe remoui sliã ee ñ ñ pi mala. j ar. j. ec. j. p ñ steti. capi ñ. j. ẜ. j. ẜ eu de mirabile. ẜ adiuuant ab uitario munite j muneo ñ. ñ p incaute. j j. siue ñ. eñ punitat eius nec credat q sit ꝑ siet ;;; ar. j j j j inmemoriã st spoliã illi q sit qd ñ ñ. j. j. q cautelã illi ñ siet j studieret ab. ar. xv. q. j. p sit ñ ñ. j. q. j. ñ. j. soluitur. j. j. e. j cu ordinatu indignũ ñ indigne j j. q. j ñ ñ. j ñ ñ. j p siet potestate ordinato. xxxv. j cessati. j j j j aliq res. ar. j ñ. j j j epi siet ñ ñ. j j ñ. j ñ ñ. b ñ ñ siet ñ. j ñ ñ. j ñ ñ ñ ee p sit. j ñ ñ. l es magis. ñ ñ ee depositi P. ulati cũ q infirmo eñ erat. fei. ñ. j. p siet. j scandali. P. ñ ee siet ñ ee ñ. j ñ ñ. p sũ vero ordinati. j ñ ñ. j scandalu. j p ea enoui de ñ ñ. j ñ ñ. j p meri ꝓ siet ñ. coloribus excitatos ñ siet pri suate ñ siet eos ñ siet ñ siet penã j illi pre coactus negotiũ moueret. ut. j. j. principes metũ dicit. j principis. j p siedis priuetur p p sũ ñ ñ ee mortis. ñ. j ñ ñ. j ñ. j coegerit moriendi etiã ñ ñ ñ ñ siet ñ siet. ut. xxiij. q. j. j ita sua sponte. q. j ñ. j proetime metũ siet ee ad cũ sponte obsessis. ar. j. j. j sũ siet siet siet ñ. q ad espuetatu epi p siet siet.",{},"\u002Freadings\u002Ftranscription\u002Fhuguccio-summa-causa-1\u002F117va",234,{"description":1967},234.1,"readings\u002Ftranscription\u002Fhuguccio-summa-causa-1\u002F117va","eMqvIpSIMmzDjbqQ-pY58pv05eYykLE8jjBAfXNOqD4",{"id":1976,"title":1977,"body":1978,"description":2003,"extension":41,"meta":2004,"navigation":46,"page":1977,"path":2005,"pdf_page":1970,"reading":42,"seo":2006,"sortable_pagination_id":2007,"stem":2008,"__hash__":2009},"readingsTranscription\u002Freadings\u002Ftranscription\u002Fhuguccio-summa-causa-1\u002F117vb.md","117vb",{"type":8,"value":1979,"toc":2001},[1980,1994,1998],[11,1981,1982,1983,1985,1986,1988,1989,1991,1992],{},"ar. iuste in iuste de iectiũ. j ẜs. ut deuit opi ad delere de nemini ẜẜ negociũ. ẜ ẜ p sumptũ. q magis psũ ñoso ẜtenẽ insipiente epi sciuisse illum iuste ẜ de iectum quã ẜẜiũ p siet ",[1737,1984,1739],{}," nam ẜ ostiari de ẜo. j ẜ ostij. siet ẜ piscoẜ epi. j ẜ siecuit eum iuste expulsũ. al P. iuirestis ẜ siet imus ẜiet ostiari deposito ñ consensisset ut sciuisset ñ p siet ẜ. j ẜ posse mala ẜ ꝓ motiũ siet ",[1737,1987,1739],{}," ar. xv. j. ẜ. ẜ teneo q quod ad ẜntiã. ẜ siuiusto ostendit. ẜ siue ẜ siue tẽ co sentit p siet uõ. ẜ ẜrissã ẜ ẜiit ẜ pmiũ siet ẜ ad pẽa ẜ ẜ teti ẜ ad p ẜ ụtiõ ñ differet eẽ ex sub eare in ineẽ ad p sumptione magis ẜ p ẜo p ",[1737,1990,1739],{}," magis ẜ p meti ẜ ut ẜ ẜ siei stupr̃ ẜ. ẜultu uariarũ eẽ ẜ siecreuit. ẜ rena successit muneribus ẜ ar. j p quibus excessoris j cap. epis exuetatiõe abolente. ẜpa. ar. j. q. j. ñ ñ. j xxxv. q. iiij. de ẜ. ẜ eñ p si ẜ ẜẜ ẜ machate ẜ inde reciõ ẜ ẜẜ ẜ siecuisse illum iniuste de iectum. AD MALACHI. cẽ ẜ ẜ ẜ uẽ tũ ee ẜ nõ qñ restãt ẜ ñ alii ẜ ñ ñ illa ẜ ẜ siet ñ iiij quẽ tale q ẜẜ p ẜ siet ñ. ẜp ñ ẜ ñ ẜ illa ẜ pre supere. ẜ ẜ ẜ mortuo malto ut ẜ ẜẜ minimo ẜ siet ñ pre tale ẜ ar. j p ñ uel j eo motuo ñ potest ẜ ẜ illa. ut. xxxv. q. j. relatum ẜ alie ẜ siet plurabet ne ẜ siet ñ obs ñ ẜẜ ẜ ẜ ẜ siue ẜ ẜẜ ẜ ẜẜ ẜ ẜ ẜ ñ siet ñ p sciamotia. ẜ ẜẜ ẜ ẜ ẜ illa ẜ ẜ siet siet ñ siet ẜ p ẜ siet ẜ siet ñ p siet ẜ siet ñ pre ẜ ẜẜ siet siet ẜẜ ẜẜ ẜẜ siet siet ẜ siet ẜ p ẜẜ ẜ siet ẜ ẜ ẜ ẜ siet ẜ ẜ ẜ ẜ siet ẜ siet siet siet ẜ ẜ ẜ ẜ ẜ siet eciam munus l a ñ ñ ee ñ ñ. j ẜ siet ñ siet ñ siet ẜ ad illas q siet ñ siet siet siet siet ñ p siet ẜ ẜẜ siet ẜ siet ẜ siet ñ peñiat. ẜ siet ẜẜ siet ẜẜ siet ñ ẜ siet ẜ comu to siet ẜ ẜẜ siet ẜẜ siet ẜẜ siet ẜẜ siet siet eñ ñ siet ẜ siet ñ siet ẜẜ siet ñ siet ẜẜ siet ñ siet siet ẜẜ siet ñ siet ẜ siet ẜẜ siet siet ẜẜ siet siet xxiij. j ẜ ẜ ẜẜ siet ñ siet ẜ siet ñ siet ẜ siet siet siet siet siet ẜẜ siet ẜẜ siet ñ siet ẜẜ siet siet siet ẜẜ siet siet siet ẜẜ siet ñ siet siet siet ẜ siet ñ siet siet siet siet siet siet siet ẜẜ siet ñ siet ẜẜ siet siet ẜẜ siet siet siet ẜẜ siet siet siet siet siet siet ẜẜ siet siet ẜẜ siet ñ siet siet ",[1737,1993,1739],{},[11,1995,1996],{},[1737,1997,1739],{},[11,1999,2000],{},"ar. iiij. q. iij. testiu. forte se. j. e. ut testes. j xxv. q. v. j. j ẜs. ẜ ẜ siecreui ẜ ẜẜ q vestes debent de ẜ testimoniũ p sente in usu rio que. ẜ. j. j. j. iurare debent cũ deo ñ ñ. j. ẜ siet ẜ stationibus etẽ ẜ ñ siue is ñ ẜ siet ñ. j. q ẜ siet ñ. j ẜẜ uratus debet ferre testimoniũ. ar. j. e. q. iiij. nullã. iij. q. viiij. notari q. iij. mlirij viuidi. xxxv. q. v. notitiã departet ela. ẜ. ec. fr̃ratim. al ẜept. j. ẜ accatẽ ẜea c̃m ẜept ali ẜ ẜ recipienda. j revt ẜ. j. e. q. viiij. e. j. iiij. leticia ꝙ ẜiu cuidam legitime indutie. xxv. j. q. j. iij. amĩ. q. v. j. ẜ ẜ copiosioris. nã j famelẽ male oporteo nis ñ admittit ad accatioẽ. l testimoniũ. ut. iij. q. v. constitutã? ẜ. ẜ. e. q. e. ꝓhibetur. ẜ q. v. j q. ẜ ẜredi e.",{"title":36,"searchDepth":37,"depth":37,"links":2002},[],"ar. iuste in iuste de iectiũ. j ẜs. ut deuit opi ad delere de nemini ẜẜ negociũ. ẜ ẜ p sumptũ. q magis psũ ñoso ẜtenẽ insipiente epi sciuisse illum iuste ẜ de iectum quã ẜẜiũ p siet ;;; nam ẜ ostiari de ẜo. j ẜ ostij. siet ẜ piscoẜ epi. j ẜ siecuit eum iuste expulsũ. al P. iuirestis ẜ siet imus ẜiet ostiari deposito ñ consensisset ut sciuisset ñ p siet ẜ. j ẜ posse mala ẜ ꝓ motiũ siet ;;; ar. xv. j. ẜ. ẜ teneo q quod ad ẜntiã. ẜ siuiusto ostendit. ẜ siue ẜ siue tẽ co sentit p siet uõ. ẜ ẜrissã ẜ ẜiit ẜ pmiũ siet ẜ ad pẽa ẜ ẜ teti ẜ ad p ẜ ụtiõ ñ differet eẽ ex sub eare in ineẽ ad p sumptione magis ẜ p ẜo p ;;; magis ẜ p meti ẜ ut ẜ ẜ siei stupr̃ ẜ. ẜultu uariarũ eẽ ẜ siecreuit. ẜ rena successit muneribus ẜ ar. j p quibus excessoris j cap. epis exuetatiõe abolente. ẜpa. ar. j. q. j. ñ ñ. j xxxv. q. iiij. de ẜ. ẜ eñ p si ẜ ẜẜ ẜ machate ẜ inde reciõ ẜ ẜẜ ẜ siecuisse illum iniuste de iectum. AD MALACHI. cẽ ẜ ẜ ẜ uẽ tũ ee ẜ nõ qñ restãt ẜ ñ alii ẜ ñ ñ illa ẜ ẜ siet ñ iiij quẽ tale q ẜẜ p ẜ siet ñ. ẜp ñ ẜ ñ ẜ illa ẜ pre supere. ẜ ẜ ẜ mortuo malto ut ẜ ẜẜ minimo ẜ siet ñ pre tale ẜ ar. j p ñ uel j eo motuo ñ potest ẜ ẜ illa. ut. xxxv. q. j. relatum ẜ alie ẜ siet plurabet ne ẜ siet ñ obs ñ ẜẜ ẜ ẜ ẜ siue ẜ ẜẜ ẜ ẜẜ ẜ ẜ ẜ ñ siet ñ p sciamotia. ẜ ẜẜ ẜ ẜ ẜ illa ẜ ẜ siet siet ñ siet ẜ p ẜ siet ẜ siet ñ p siet ẜ siet ñ pre ẜ ẜẜ siet siet ẜẜ ẜẜ ẜẜ siet siet ẜ siet ẜ p ẜẜ ẜ siet ẜ ẜ ẜ ẜ siet ẜ ẜ ẜ ẜ siet ẜ siet siet siet ẜ ẜ ẜ ẜ ẜ siet eciam munus l a ñ ñ ee ñ ñ. j ẜ siet ñ siet ñ siet ẜ ad illas q siet ñ siet siet siet siet ñ p siet ẜ ẜẜ siet ẜ siet ẜ siet ñ peñiat. ẜ siet ẜẜ siet ẜẜ siet ñ ẜ siet ẜ comu to siet ẜ ẜẜ siet ẜẜ siet ẜẜ siet ẜẜ siet siet eñ ñ siet ẜ siet ñ siet ẜẜ siet ñ siet ẜẜ siet ñ siet siet ẜẜ siet ñ siet ẜ siet ẜẜ siet siet ẜẜ siet siet xxiij. j ẜ ẜ ẜẜ siet ñ siet ẜ siet ñ siet ẜ siet siet siet siet siet ẜẜ siet ẜẜ siet ñ siet ẜẜ siet siet siet ẜẜ siet siet siet ẜẜ siet ñ siet siet siet ẜ siet ñ siet siet siet siet siet siet siet ẜẜ siet ñ siet ẜẜ siet siet ẜẜ siet siet siet ẜẜ siet siet siet siet siet siet ẜẜ siet siet ẜẜ siet ñ siet siet ;;;",{},"\u002Freadings\u002Ftranscription\u002Fhuguccio-summa-causa-1\u002F117vb",{"description":2003},234.2,"readings\u002Ftranscription\u002Fhuguccio-summa-causa-1\u002F117vb","cECB1_QeEGDTpziQ3ktGZQsQpLMW7hri811u4wv5RsA",{"id":2011,"title":2012,"body":2013,"description":2025,"extension":41,"meta":2026,"navigation":46,"page":2012,"path":2027,"pdf_page":2028,"reading":42,"seo":2029,"sortable_pagination_id":2030,"stem":2031,"__hash__":2032},"readingsTranscription\u002Freadings\u002Ftranscription\u002Fhuguccio-summa-causa-1\u002F118ra.md","118ra",{"type":8,"value":2014,"toc":2023},[2015],[11,2016,2017,2018,2020,2021],{},"monio et accatios reppellunt. vt iii. q. iii. fres et qui. testium iopes. iiii. q. iii. testium debet esse, testes ad minus habere et bonis. aureos al repellit. vt j. e. q. e. prohibent inimicicias, nec prea intervenit reconciliatio. nam inimicus testis et accator et pellitur, nec et iudex, vt iii. q. iiii. accator. es accatoribus suspectos, quia exaudio qui non debet recipi testimonium vt iii. q. v. iiii. testes hortam, nec inconsanguinitats et omis et pernitatis. xxxv. q. vi. de parentela. es et iii. q. viiii. Nichil. q. i. preso .s. i. quod fro vel dicto interfuint, vel specialiter, id est specificando et assignando suorum dictorum casus rationes et circumstantias non dicitur sufficienter de testibus dicere \"nos scimus\" vel \"nos vidimus\"; assignet qualiter, sciverit locum et tempus et cetas letantias qui in talibus invenitur per ie geriere ostendendo. vt j. xiii. q. iii. sola. si in scriptis iudicarum sentencia debet inscriptis dari, nec casualiter sed presente irra parte concha retractari, alioquin ullius est momenti. nisi forte voluntaria altauir utraque pars sit absque scripto. vi. q. vi. caveant omnia abesse. Absens habet supple predicta sollennitati. nisi enim tales sollennitates sint adhibite sentencia non valet, nisi remedio appellationis adhuc retractetur, quibus habere omnia mori est sentencia ut tenet, ad hoc est ut revocaretur irritum quicquid contra hos factum filat sufficiebat quod isti vires expulsi et depositi fuerant a iudicibus non suis, vir suspectis et inimicis sufficiebat, et quod irritum esset quod factum fuerat ea episcopi, expulsi et depositi pre habens licentiam et ave quod, quod non licet. j. iii. q. i. accator quidam dudum. Et dico quod quia videbat non posse quod fecerat irritari ut quicquid sciuiatis, propter scandalum et metum nunc unus dissimulavit qui contris fra erant et permisit quod sentencia intra deriret propter scandalum et l sit τοτ τῖtαινφνι propter ti. .s. ut si causa depositionis inveniretur in eis, l. c al quod ordinom, iuris esset factum eorum deposito, causa iuris idem scandali firmaretur. vt xv. q. vi. si euntel q. vi. h apre cum sine inveniret nullus molestaret princeps si factum revocaret et quicquid xintor artius esset factum, cum ordine iuris aut plenarie datus notitia ordinis iudiciarii in quo boro iudiciarius idius plenius trietatx assignatur. quod si forte iiii. los. q. defrueus uno cap petit at curiri ad alid. j. i. qx. placuit. ec lenidi qua deficientes in primo capitulo non est admittendi ad alia subdico. quod hic accator non deferat. in v̓mit Ꝙ ipsis valuis sequenibus etc adde obt .s. pa au .s. sentencia. utt at quidefic in inori sit pena admute usque ad mιονa. j. iu. et x. derinabr. Innocens supple maxime, nec si nocens iuvenet tn̄ delictum y sl ndeb uci ioannū ec. siat episin. Tot iura conicosi exe innocens appariunt. si et nocens ei deuotario ꝯfurmet eius quem ",[1737,2019,1739],{}," redde compellis, eius habens super motius vel ethe. s d ex̄in. sꝫ qꝛ lꝫ caprdi et idectici αωιε g. caριſtum ροιυ οωοιatιa. sicut .s. ip ε αιησ de homine. i. xv. q. vi. de pa rb. au.stoco reperit decisdtb. tunc ordine. quod lꝫ tractauit de eit et quia caput est alimoluur. iam ius pone .s. uosuit cōcdaua vsit. saca. q nec incius dict. ixi. qu. docuo unu cap g g usque illuc legum sus prox prolixitate in multis locis. g. tpm intrioit sic maiestatis. arguit quod sacrilegium o publicum dampnum quod ut est, et quia sacrilegus ad instar alius qui commisit dampnum lese maiestatis det vimiri rac αrι. ρεςεσε χυνι. qιν. sq aut. φηιεσεχι: ιφσ mnu. Ne. h̄ ō̄ mntcisio. quia nolurt o totum legem ponere in capitulo suo nuntius, scilicet nec audicium novum imitum\u002F nec adιονu alienu. ſuſ ad fuu uoico mnuitꝰ tribi pt̄ n̄ ē lus angumitadu asensu contraio. quia non volens domino dilicus ne ad alienum iudicium nec consensus iudicis nec metropolitanu nec patriarcha .s. ille argumentio est. asensu contrario. nam et sibrēt n̄ per s ab eis depnai. potest sus quidem tab eis examinari sed non difinui sine mandato dmū p̄. vt vi. q. vi. quod uis perēsse iplorādo arwaniā ÿ. l forte axplndou ncēt enim necium ante sentenciam cuiudicaret an suo iudice nꝑꝰ nii. quia silla non tenebatur cum esset lata a iudoice non sui, ipse iā suspecto et sin auē. p. an̄ suouv̓ ",[1737,2022,1739],{},{"title":36,"searchDepth":37,"depth":37,"links":2024},[],"monio et accatios reppellunt. vt iii. q. iii. fres et qui. testium iopes. iiii. q. iii. testium debet esse, testes ad minus habere et bonis. aureos al repellit. vt j. e. q. e. prohibent inimicicias, nec prea intervenit reconciliatio. nam inimicus testis et accator et pellitur, nec et iudex, vt iii. q. iiii. accator. es accatoribus suspectos, quia exaudio qui non debet recipi testimonium vt iii. q. v. iiii. testes hortam, nec inconsanguinitats et omis et pernitatis. xxxv. q. vi. de parentela. es et iii. q. viiii. Nichil. q. i. preso .s. i. quod fro vel dicto interfuint, vel specialiter, id est specificando et assignando suorum dictorum casus rationes et circumstantias non dicitur sufficienter de testibus dicere \"nos scimus\" vel \"nos vidimus\"; assignet qualiter, sciverit locum et tempus et cetas letantias qui in talibus invenitur per ie geriere ostendendo. vt j. xiii. q. iii. sola. si in scriptis iudicarum sentencia debet inscriptis dari, nec casualiter sed presente irra parte concha retractari, alioquin ullius est momenti. nisi forte voluntaria altauir utraque pars sit absque scripto. vi. q. vi. caveant omnia abesse. Absens habet supple predicta sollennitati. nisi enim tales sollennitates sint adhibite sentencia non valet, nisi remedio appellationis adhuc retractetur, quibus habere omnia mori est sentencia ut tenet, ad hoc est ut revocaretur irritum quicquid contra hos factum filat sufficiebat quod isti vires expulsi et depositi fuerant a iudicibus non suis, vir suspectis et inimicis sufficiebat, et quod irritum esset quod factum fuerat ea episcopi, expulsi et depositi pre habens licentiam et ave quod, quod non licet. j. iii. q. i. accator quidam dudum. Et dico quod quia videbat non posse quod fecerat irritari ut quicquid sciuiatis, propter scandalum et metum nunc unus dissimulavit qui contris fra erant et permisit quod sentencia intra deriret propter scandalum et l sit τοτ τῖtαινφνι propter ti. .s. ut si causa depositionis inveniretur in eis, l. c al quod ordinom, iuris esset factum eorum deposito, causa iuris idem scandali firmaretur. vt xv. q. vi. si euntel q. vi. h apre cum sine inveniret nullus molestaret princeps si factum revocaret et quicquid xintor artius esset factum, cum ordine iuris aut plenarie datus notitia ordinis iudiciarii in quo boro iudiciarius idius plenius trietatx assignatur. quod si forte iiii. los. q. defrueus uno cap petit at curiri ad alid. j. i. qx. placuit. ec lenidi qua deficientes in primo capitulo non est admittendi ad alia subdico. quod hic accator non deferat. in v̓mit Ꝙ ipsis valuis sequenibus etc adde obt .s. pa au .s. sentencia. utt at quidefic in inori sit pena admute usque ad mιονa. j. iu. et x. derinabr. Innocens supple maxime, nec si nocens iuvenet tn̄ delictum y sl ndeb uci ioannū ec. siat episin. Tot iura conicosi exe innocens appariunt. si et nocens ei deuotario ꝯfurmet eius quem ;;; redde compellis, eius habens super motius vel ethe. s d ex̄in. sꝫ qꝛ lꝫ caprdi et idectici αωιε g. caριſtum ροιυ οωοιatιa. sicut .s. ip ε αιησ de homine. i. xv. q. vi. de pa rb. au.stoco reperit decisdtb. tunc ordine. quod lꝫ tractauit de eit et quia caput est alimoluur. iam ius pone .s. uosuit cōcdaua vsit. saca. q nec incius dict. ixi. qu. docuo unu cap g g usque illuc legum sus prox prolixitate in multis locis. g. tpm intrioit sic maiestatis. arguit quod sacrilegium o publicum dampnum quod ut est, et quia sacrilegus ad instar alius qui commisit dampnum lese maiestatis det vimiri rac αrι. ρεςεσε χυνι. qιν. sq aut. φηιεσεχι: ιφσ mnu. Ne. h̄ ō̄ mntcisio. quia nolurt o totum legem ponere in capitulo suo nuntius, scilicet nec audicium novum imitum\u002F nec adιονu alienu. ſuſ ad fuu uoico mnuitꝰ tribi pt̄ n̄ ē lus angumitadu asensu contraio. quia non volens domino dilicus ne ad alienum iudicium nec consensus iudicis nec metropolitanu nec patriarcha .s. ille argumentio est. asensu contrario. nam et sibrēt n̄ per s ab eis depnai. potest sus quidem tab eis examinari sed non difinui sine mandato dmū p̄. vt vi. q. vi. quod uis perēsse iplorādo arwaniā ÿ. l forte axplndou ncēt enim necium ante sentenciam cuiudicaret an suo iudice nꝑꝰ nii. quia silla non tenebatur cum esset lata a iudoice non sui, ipse iā suspecto et sin auē. p. an̄ suouv̓ ;;;",{},"\u002Freadings\u002Ftranscription\u002Fhuguccio-summa-causa-1\u002F118ra",235,{"description":2025},235.1,"readings\u002Ftranscription\u002Fhuguccio-summa-causa-1\u002F118ra","6CJjYEcG-q9rHHM4bisBmFIfny7T5gpuAS60lh6eKOE",{"id":2034,"title":2035,"body":2036,"description":2040,"extension":41,"meta":2049,"navigation":46,"page":2035,"path":2050,"pdf_page":2028,"reading":42,"seo":2051,"sortable_pagination_id":2052,"stem":2053,"__hash__":2054},"readingsTranscription\u002Freadings\u002Ftranscription\u002Fhuguccio-summa-causa-1\u002F118rb.md","118rb",{"type":8,"value":2037,"toc":2047},[2038,2041,2044],[11,2039,2040],{},"mil debuer vt iii. q. iii. illud sequitur. quod illi testium non sunt recipiuntur ad testimonium accatois in casibus exceptis, puta lemine lese maiestatis, vel secos simoie, vel hereiarum mibite minus diffame. interdices iudicos et laicos, nam contra clucos et ẜur infames teminosi et qlibus recipiunt in hl casibus, ſ. circa clericos distingue sicut: utrum fueꝝ male oyiniois. hacterius vt videat verisile eos talia ꝯmusisse morsserent in hi recipiuntur quod eos accato vel testimonium qlibus sicut ⁊ʆ laicos fui hacten̄ fueꝝ b̓ oyiniois. nec ut non videat ⁊ uel cos talia ꝯmisisse, te non recipiut in hl casibus. § enim. g̓ ẜui ẜaes cniiosibarer ql̓. quoque non recipiur ccos. mnalis es minibus ut ενι εuιfοιυ. ειyηενusε yιη legium b̓ oyiniois. quod per privilegium dimisit cha viuleguun oui θcα. ι. ius. I l qr de epo iiii. h̄ ae quodcin e aperte colligi. eo quod libus suib es qs .s. sutμ syioio et anatal .s. u. c iidetiiifilr. eu rde quem onuate. Item collr. xc. e. q vn. accauor e ar quod et vrta uita verses propendre. Vca iudicat ar di. xxviii. quia stetidi. l xi. miruni. et i. q. v ui. tal. se absente. testes esse abesse, adversario non recipiendi ar iii. q. iiii. omnia caute sint corporali discussione, in tantum nu. q. ui. fres et al̓ q ifi numifi cu ꝯstal a&. Nec non sentenciam habere dicat vel forte ad sralr dicat de capis ut ea amilamooiwa nichi et a sasculicovat sit lex inquam libus continet onerem ponendo capitulum et subiciendo legem .totu aοbμσ. de cay. φ. mιεσνιολτDρ sureniis exxido rectraudis .i. quia recetant quod prclitant. a. predam subeut quia illius momentis et ipso iure nullo. reddenor .i. excedi iuris infatiede in habuisdspes.. diffuntas aias. desepti recuaroe. h g valitum et tect Ꝙ .i. cum reritanos, septi .i. recrtādo septu .i. sentenciam ſꝙtam xyādectoꝝ .i. piise suo qrulus est moriuirru ne oyus appellone et tn̄ in multis locis de vsuetirdis indisferent qlibus ſn̄e. et v̓ẜtum eaſtice recutt sn septisetet ualus.",[11,2042,2043],{},"egū valeade et c mib cy osẜor. quod inaccatēe et recitatione s̄re imilus aliit arcichis uurit necia est sciτ ξξaσ aρνονεu magist: s. quod ordo iudittarius est .ρμadus quia ad ordinem auditrari iu sperrar ut accauosiat nise pus, et suateratꝭ uisite. icus gestoꝝ q. et cuis et negotis q gert in ett scytꝝ orstoꝝ .i. de his aperit iec. nrorar alla aitt. accedit baytius crdusdare ansquodtis. ut d. 9. dι. ιιη baρtειιτυ. 9. dι. ιι. quia yaus cuslus uobẜiut ne vqus ſꝫ olt gnali. iiq. vbpi abat. ad sumum fac votru .i. epatu decto. quod fer idectoe eριοντ. οιλχι. eye. dudi. lxiii. quodtorcar ꝯvii depet hus a faradcautelas. uit fumuor sit clecib. arrx x. v. q. u. peaquod siresiare uoluit icipi at eis οbμιare: υυι. qμει. Mibrunu: ꝝxvu. q. i. ves vn lur muocilio cartaginesi sigsquod suaφηesσευfsασσι uemut et Aipe se honene vuabit n tnc de suba decciois quod s eoyt et sit xeqꝯ perent vcorroboraru restesdt sepra.",[11,2045,2046],{},"ordinat olι q ονabat ſq reciyiebat luts a suo ordinatore. ne duibitaret de cius ondetuioo. u. 2. q. ii. sic syh nc nobserιαυνιθιαλυdεhιαονιμt au sseyιs qηιεεετμαηοs erarus quod siu urus ꝯmdariciis ldunissorut ureriiut. vt di. ι. ατηεοοττηντιdιχανι. ull dismarinos. excessu vh̄ ſι γadιτtο. γηι Ad excorcatione, ne pro indl quod dera vea subie veciyr̓. vt i. q. quart quod de adulcio Ꝙ enub n e ꝯsuetu. tnmur̄. si se staruru ut xxx. qv. al accat vt j. e. q vle. c. i. excoicat. vt xxiiii. q. i. miraum recqcili at. vt xi. q. iui. cure deb et xxxiiii. q. in. tiꝗs deporecu. accari uel ex edica incomottoio vnisso adiohe defesore .i. i epla anqua ad ꝯmonet. vt xxxi. q. ii. lotarius h ꝯmoitorium fu vmissu. cap .i. ivnut ꝯetalui cu .s inqlus scpta oꝝrgut. .s. iyfessione. vt xxa. i. uidua xxxii. q. i. qcs iitituu expostre. vt di. ℟xxvιι. si & positus ilegride. vt di. xe.v a. mobauaam. s a.mamuaūigui ce dex. dt lurι. l. Abatet",{"title":36,"searchDepth":37,"depth":37,"links":2048},[],{},"\u002Freadings\u002Ftranscription\u002Fhuguccio-summa-causa-1\u002F118rb",{"description":2040},235.2,"readings\u002Ftranscription\u002Fhuguccio-summa-causa-1\u002F118rb","cAcOkxGDCe6V91fpi4Ioqk4BUIyOkDQeM4h_riNDtas",{"id":2056,"title":2057,"body":2058,"description":2664,"extension":41,"meta":2665,"navigation":46,"page":2057,"path":2666,"pdf_page":2667,"reading":42,"seo":2668,"sortable_pagination_id":2669,"stem":2670,"__hash__":2671},"readingsTranscription\u002Freadings\u002Ftranscription\u002Fhuguccio-summa-causa-1\u002F118va.md","118va",{"type":8,"value":2059,"toc":2660},[2060,2303,2307,2535,2539],[11,2061,2062,2064,2065,2068,2069,2071,2072,2075,2076,2078,2079,2081,2082,2084,2085,2087,2088,2081,2090,2081,2092,2094,2095,2081,2097,2099,2100,2081,2102,2104,2105,2107,2108,2110,2111,2113,2114,2081,2116,2118,2119,2121,2122,2124,2125,2127,2128,2130,2131,2133,2134,2081,2136,2081,2138,2140,2141,2144,2145,2081,2147,2149,2150,2152,2153,2155,2156,2158,2159,2081,2161,2081,2163,2165,2166,2168,2169,2171,2172,2174,2175,2081,2177,2081,2179,2181,2182,2184,2185,2081,2187,2081,2189,2191,2192,2081,2194,2081,2196,2081,2198,2200,2201,2203,2204,2081,2206,2208,2209,2211,2212,2081,2214,2216,2217,2081,2219,2081,2221,2081,2223,2081,2225,2081,2227,2229,2230,2232,2233,2235,2236,2081,2238,2081,2240,2081,2242,2244,2245,2247,2248,2250,2251,2081,2253,2081,2255,2257,2258,2081,2261,2081,2263,2081,2265,2081,2267,2081,2269,2271,2272,2274,2275,2277,2278,2081,2280,2081,2282,2284,2285,2081,2287,2081,2289,2081,2291,2293,2294,2296,2297,2299,2300,2302],{},[1737,2063,1739],{}," cor archiepiscopus turonensis ad accusationem ad suggestionem quorundam ab eo petebant aliqua que p",[1737,2066,2067],{},"er"," eum nolebat ",[1737,2070,1739],{}," ipsi acceperunt ab alio episcopo a quo et p",[1737,2073,2074],{},"re","sumens archiepiscopus quod et statu ipsius non insisteret nec ",[1737,2077,1739],{}," ostensum ",[1737,2080,1739],{}," ",[1737,2083,1739],{}," aliis ",[1737,2086,1739],{}," cessit ",[1737,2089,1739],{},[1737,2091,1739],{},[1737,2093,1739],{}," domino ipse fuit restitutus archiepiscopus ",[1737,2096,1739],{},[1737,2098,1739],{}," ecclesie ",[1737,2101,1739],{},[1737,2103,1739],{}," quod erat audire suos ",[1737,2106,1739],{}," secundum ordinem iuris ",[1737,2109,1739],{}," iste ",[1737,2112,1739],{}," iam restituit autem causa cognitione ",[1737,2115,1739],{},[1737,2117,1739],{}," non admittit ",[1737,2120,1739],{}," mandat ut ei restituat sive applicaverit sedes ab eo sive non applicaverit hec ad ob",[1737,2123,1739],{}," quia",[1737,2126,1739],{}," sint remissi accusatione admittendum a episcopum cause cum non fuit omissa ",[1737,2129,1739],{}," sepe appellaverim admittendum ad appellantem ",[1737,2132,1739],{}," nolens ",[1737,2135,1739],{},[1737,2137,1739],{},[1737,2139,1739],{}," inveniret p",[1737,2142,2143],{},"ro","cedat ",[1737,2146,1739],{},[1737,2148,1739],{}," eodem ut ",[1737,2151,1739],{}," applicantem fuit episcopus ",[1737,2154,1739],{}," sciebat ei p",[1737,2157,2143],{}," indiciis ",[1737,2160,1739],{},[1737,2162,1739],{},[1737,2164,1739],{}," archiepiscopus ",[1737,2167,1739],{}," in ipso vere viri fuit moniti ",[1737,2170,1739],{}," non accusati ",[1737,2173,1739],{}," testibus ",[1737,2176,1739],{},[1737,2178,1739],{},[1737,2180,1739],{}," eius ",[1737,2183,1739],{}," confessio ",[1737,2186,1739],{},[1737,2188,1739],{},[1737,2190,1739],{}," iuramentaria, ",[1737,2193,1739],{},[1737,2195,1739],{},[1737,2197,1739],{},[1737,2199,1739],{}," longe que vulgariter solvi ",[1737,2202,1739],{}," non obtulit michi ",[1737,2205,1739],{},[1737,2207,1739],{}," tam mala ",[1737,2210,1739],{}," qui be",[1737,2213,1739],{},[1737,2215,1739],{}," in ",[1737,2218,1739],{},[1737,2220,1739],{},[1737,2222,1739],{},[1737,2224,1739],{},[1737,2226,1739],{},[1737,2228,1739],{}," supple ",[1737,2231,1739],{}," ad fuit p",[1737,2234,2067],{}," decepti",[1737,2237,1739],{},[1737,2239,1739],{},[1737,2241,1739],{},[1737,2243,1739],{}," dedere se a p",[1737,2246,2074],{},"bantibus se forte ignorabant ",[1737,2249,1739],{}," forte ",[1737,2252,1739],{},[1737,2254,1739],{},[1737,2256,1739],{}," data fuit pretia. monere tua pieta",[1737,2259,2260],{},"te",[1737,2262,1739],{},[1737,2264,1739],{},[1737,2266,1739],{},[1737,2268,1739],{},[1737,2270,1739],{}," caritatis ",[1737,2273,1739],{}," xxvii. q. ",[1737,2276,1739],{}," sicuti honora ofst",[1737,2279,1739],{},[1737,2281,1739],{},[1737,2283,1739],{}," sunt ",[1737,2286,1739],{},[1737,2288,1739],{},[1737,2290,1739],{},[1737,2292,1739],{}," al",[1737,2295,1739],{}," tenetur ut xxiii. q. iiii. nemo. q. iiii. ones. q. iiii. si inferenda ostendit ",[1737,2298,1739],{}," q",[1737,2301,1739],{}," preterea",[1820,2304,2305],{"id":36},[1737,2306,1739],{},[11,2308,2309,2310,2312,2313,2316,2317,2319,2320,2322,2323,2325,2326,2328,2329,2331,2332,2335,2336,2338,2339,2081,2341,2081,2343,2299,2345,2347,2348,2351,2352,2355,2356,2358,2359,2081,2362,2081,2364,2081,2366,2368,2369,2371,2372,2081,2374,2376,2377,2299,2379,2081,2381,2383,2384,2386,2387,2389,2390,2081,2392,2394,2395,2081,2397,2399,2400,2402,2403,2406,2407,2410,2411,2414,2415,2081,2417,2419,2420,2081,2422,2081,2424,2426,2427,2429,2430,2432,2433,2081,2435,2328,2437,2439,2440,2442,2443,2445,2446,2081,2448,2450,2451,2081,2453,2081,2455,2081,2457,2459,2460,2462,2463,2406,2465,2467,2468,2081,2470,2472,2473,2081,2475,2477,2478,2480,2481,2299,2483,2081,2485,2487,2488,2490,2491,2493,2494,2081,2496,2081,2498,2500,2501,2503,2504,2506,2507,2509,2510,2512,2513,2081,2515,2517,2518,2081,2520,2081,2522,2524,2525,2081,2527,2529,2530,2529,2532,2534],{},"Nemoritem ",[1737,2311,1739],{}," arg",[1737,2314,2315],{},"uitur"," et hic ",[1737,2318,1739],{}," pre anathematizare q",[1737,2321,1739],{}," eo ut e. xxxv. q. ii. q. ii. de ",[1737,2324,1739],{}," iniunxit ab ecclesia. ",[1737,2327,1739],{}," e",[1737,2330,1739],{}," gloss",[1737,2333,2334],{},"a"," ibi. ait p",[1737,2337,2074],{},"be",[1737,2340,1739],{},[1737,2342,1739],{},[1737,2344,1739],{},[1737,2346,1739],{}," eum quoniam solus est iudex ordinarius in diocesi sua arg",[1737,2349,2350],{},"umentum"," xi. q. i. de hoc. q. i. seculare. h",[1737,2353,2354],{},"oc"," dixit anathema multo episcopum vi. q. i. utii ",[1737,2357,1739],{}," et si ille videtur infligi anathema ut xxiii. q. iiii. cap",[1737,2360,2361],{},"itulum",[1737,2363,1739],{},[1737,2365,1739],{},[1737,2367,1739],{}," qui anathematur ",[1737,2370,1739],{}," solo episcopo quem si anathematizare voluit sed dicta et ",[1737,2373,1739],{},[1737,2375,1739],{}," sive episcopali dignitate excellentie ",[1737,2378,1739],{},[1737,2380,1739],{},[1737,2382,1739],{}," ipsi excoiat. q. ab",[1737,2385,1739],{}," vel potest si simpliciter qui non debet anathematizare cum ea sollempnitate cum ea est ut habet xi. q. iii. ad hec ",[1737,2388,1739],{}," sive de reconciliatione ",[1737,2391,1739],{},[1737,2393,1739],{}," est ",[1737,2396,1739],{},[1737,2398,1739],{}," q. v. siquis ministrare. excoia. i. anathematizare. q. i. ergo manifesta ",[1737,2401,1739],{}," hec sola est sola est. excoiat",[1737,2404,2405],{},"us"," ar",[1737,2408,2409],{},"gumentum"," xi. q. iii. nec quoq",[1737,2412,2413],{},"ue"," illos sacerdotum ",[1737,2416,1739],{},[1737,2418,1739],{}," excoiat hospitio vel furto ",[1737,2421,1739],{},[1737,2423,1739],{},[1737,2425,1739],{}," potestatem detulit talis vere xi. q. iii. cum xxv. q. i. p",[1737,2428,2074],{},"cedere ad ob",[1737,2431,1739],{}," ea hec ",[1737,2434,1739],{},[1737,2436,1739],{},[1737,2438,1739],{}," L. seculares qua",[1737,2441,1739],{}," excaut",[1737,2444,1739],{}," et excoiare. ar",[1737,2447,2409],{},[1737,2449,1739],{}," § ita excoiato rem allegat ",[1737,2452,1739],{},[1737,2454,1739],{},[1737,2456,1739],{},[1737,2458,1739],{}," ab solo petitor a maiori ut xi. q. iii. siquis forte. dictum ",[1737,2461,1739],{}," in appellatione audire ",[1737,2464,1739],{},[1737,2466,2409],{}," q. multa si reddent",[1737,2469,1739],{},[1737,2471,1739],{}," manet ar",[1737,2474,2409],{},[1737,2476,1739],{}," rata est sint hum. xi. q. iii. iste qui c. iiii. qui esse xi. q. iii. ostendat ut xxvi. q. ii. duobus. abstinere actio",[1737,2479,1739],{}," taliter",[1737,2482,1739],{},[1737,2484,1739],{},[1737,2486,1739],{}," non p",[1737,2489,2074],{},"dicet",[1737,2492,1739],{}," xxiii. q. iiii. unde dicitur ",[1737,2495,1739],{},[1737,2497,1739],{},[1737,2499,1739],{}," potestate sacerdotis ut ",[1737,2502,1739],{}," ostendat ",[1737,2505,1739],{}," sit pe",[1737,2508,1739],{}," arbitrii ",[1737,2511,1739],{}," iuste puniat ar",[1737,2514,2409],{},[1737,2516,1739],{}," non debet ",[1737,2519,1739],{},[1737,2521,1739],{},[1737,2523,1739],{}," dicit qui malu",[1737,2526,1739],{},[1737,2528,1739],{}," non ",[1737,2531,1739],{},[1737,2533,1739],{}," esto.",[1820,2536,2537],{"id":1752},[1737,2538,1739],{},[11,2540,2541,2542,2081,2544,2546,2547,2081,2549,2551,2552,2554,2555,2557,2558,2081,2560,2081,2562,2564,2565,2567,2568,2299,2570,2572,2573,2575,2576,2578,2579,2581,2582,2584,2585,2587,2588,2590,2591,2081,2593,2595,2596,2081,2598,2600,2601,2603,2604,2607,2608,2610,2611,2613,2614,2616,2617,2619,2620,2622,2623,2625,2626,2081,2628,2299,2630,2081,2632,2634,2635,2637,2638,2640,2641,2643,2644,2646,2647,2649,2650,2328,2652,2654,2655,2081,2657,2659],{},"Nondubium ",[1737,2543,1739],{},[1737,2545,1739],{}," dies ",[1737,2548,1739],{},[1737,2550,1739],{}," et accusabat ",[1737,2553,1739],{}," iniuriam ",[1737,2556,1739],{}," cum auctoritate quod ",[1737,2559,1739],{},[1737,2561,1739],{},[1737,2563,1739],{}," non est ausus eum suspendere ",[1737,2566,1739],{}," deponere ",[1737,2569,1739],{},[1737,2571,1739],{}," insurgebat eum sicut fecerit ",[1737,2574,1739],{}," iniuria do eum occidere si ",[1737,2577,1739],{}," iudicaret ",[1737,2580,1739],{}," supreme reticedo q",[1737,2583,1739],{}," sic q",[1737,2586,1739],{}," suspende",[1737,2589,1739],{}," dicit ",[1737,2592,1739],{},[1737,2594,1739],{}," sic ",[1737,2597,1739],{},[1737,2599,1739],{}," depo",[1737,2602,1739],{}," li",[1737,2605,2606],{},"bet"," meliter intelliges. si respiciat ea q",[1737,2609,1739],{}," dicit. i. infirmaveris ne dum eis. § ecclesia ",[1737,2612,1739],{}," omissa ut xi. q. i. si oia deferri appellatione p",[1737,2615,2074],{},"solutionem. sup p",[1737,2618,2074],{},"dicte ",[1737,2621,1739],{}," i. appellatione vc. j. e. q. i. epi appellatione vt resolutione. i. obstultatione. s. non recepto a po",[1737,2624,1739],{}," amaiori. ut iii. q. vi. mihi tu",[1737,2627,1739],{},[1737,2629,1739],{},[1737,2631,1739],{},[1737,2633,1739],{}," iudex cogitset de ",[1737,2636,1739],{}," cau",[1737,2639,1739],{}," bantur referat ad maiorem iudicem ut eum ",[1737,2642,1739],{}," vince ut iii. fessus suspendi ar",[1737,2645,2409],{}," si suspendere s",[1737,2648,1739],{}," excoicare ",[1737,2651,1739],{},[1737,2653,1739],{}," dici h",[1737,2656,1739],{},[1737,2658,1739],{}," modi",{"title":36,"searchDepth":37,"depth":37,"links":2661},[2662,2663],{"id":36,"depth":1863,"text":1739},{"id":1752,"depth":1863,"text":1739},";;; cor archiepiscopus turonensis ad accusationem ad suggestionem quorundam ab eo petebant aliqua que per eum nolebat ;;; ipsi acceperunt ab alio episcopo a quo et presumens archiepiscopus quod et statu ipsius non insisteret nec ;;; ostensum ;;; ;;; aliis ;;; cessit ;;; ;;; ;;; domino ipse fuit restitutus archiepiscopus ;;; ;;; ecclesie ;;; ;;; quod erat audire suos ;;; secundum ordinem iuris ;;; iste ;;; iam restituit autem causa cognitione ;;; ;;; non admittit ;;; mandat ut ei restituat sive applicaverit sedes ab eo sive non applicaverit hec ad ob;;; quia;;; sint remissi accusatione admittendum a episcopum cause cum non fuit omissa ;;; sepe appellaverim admittendum ad appellantem ;;; nolens ;;; ;;; ;;; inveniret procedat ;;; ;;; eodem ut ;;; applicantem fuit episcopus ;;; sciebat ei pro indiciis ;;; ;;; ;;; archiepiscopus ;;; in ipso vere viri fuit moniti ;;; non accusati ;;; testibus ;;; ;;; ;;; eius ;;; confessio ;;; ;;; ;;; iuramentaria, ;;; ;;; ;;; ;;; longe que vulgariter solvi ;;; non obtulit michi ;;; ;;; tam mala ;;; qui be;;; ;;; in ;;; ;;; ;;; ;;; ;;; ;;; supple ;;; ad fuit per decepti;;; ;;; ;;; ;;; dedere se a prebantibus se forte ignorabant ;;; forte ;;; ;;; ;;; data fuit pretia. monere tua pietate ;;; ;;; ;;; ;;; ;;; caritatis ;;; xxvii. q. ;;; sicuti honora ofst;;; ;;; ;;; sunt ;;; ;;; ;;; ;;; al;;; tenetur ut xxiii. q. iiii. nemo. q. iiii. ones. q. iiii. si inferenda ostendit ;;; q;;; preterea",{},"\u002Freadings\u002Ftranscription\u002Fhuguccio-summa-causa-1\u002F118va",236,{"description":2664},236.1,"readings\u002Ftranscription\u002Fhuguccio-summa-causa-1\u002F118va","KAMkVDknySMNQYi89l-7SwQ3GASeQoDqShBznoHi3-U",{"id":2673,"title":2674,"body":2675,"description":3209,"extension":41,"meta":3210,"navigation":46,"page":2674,"path":3211,"pdf_page":2667,"reading":42,"seo":3212,"sortable_pagination_id":3213,"stem":3214,"__hash__":3215},"readingsTranscription\u002Freadings\u002Ftranscription\u002Fhuguccio-summa-causa-1\u002F118vb.md","118vb",{"type":8,"value":2676,"toc":3204},[2677,2721,2725,2881,2885,3082,3086],[11,2678,2679,2081,2681,2683,2684,1832,2686,2081,2688,2690,2691,2693,2694,2696,2697,2699,2700,2702,2703,2705,2706,2708,2709,2711,2712,2714,2715,2717,2718,2720],{},[1737,2680,1739],{},[1737,2682,1739],{}," sumit eius munus",[1737,2685,1739],{},[1737,2687,1739],{},[1737,2689,1739],{}," confessione",[1737,2692,1739],{}," iuris ",[1737,2695,1739],{}," e. q. v. ph. ii. h. representavit. ut hec ",[1737,2698,1739],{}," respiciat ar",[1737,2701,2409],{}," g",[1737,2704,1739],{}," tum ar",[1737,2707,2409],{}," si sit absente principi q",[1737,2710,1739],{}," depnari q",[1737,2713,1739],{}," tempt",[1737,2716,1739],{}," ut xi. q. v. ar",[1737,2719,2409],{}," xxxv. q. iiii. de illa veta.",[1820,2722,2723],{"id":36},[1737,2724,1739],{},[11,2726,2727,2728,2299,2730,2732,2733,2735,2736,2738,2739,2741,2742,2744,2745,2747,2748,2750,2751,2754,2755,2757,2758,2760,2761,2763,2764,2766,2767,2354,2770,2773,2774,2081,2776,2778,2779,2081,2781,2783,2784,2786,2787,2789,2790,2792,2793,2796,2797,2799,2800,2081,2802,2804,2805,2081,2807,2809,2810,2406,2812,2081,2814,2816,2817,2819,2820,2822,2823,2081,2825,2827,2828,2830,2831,2833,2834,2081,2836,2838,2839,2841,2842,2844,2845,2081,2847,2849,2850,2406,2852,2854,2855,2858,2859,2861,2862,2864,2865,2867,2868,2870,2871,2873,2874,2081,2876,2878,2879],{},"Primo ",[1737,2729,1739],{},[1737,2731,1739],{}," ad eum, multos quod ab eo iudicantur ad obviationem ipsioni. ut vi. e. q. v. ds",[1737,2734,1739],{}," suspicionis tenet ar",[1737,2737,2409],{}," ut. xv. q. v. oves. q. v. q. i. dicit ",[1737,2740,1739],{}," tenet vere suspicionem dummodo et de violenta suspicione dum ipsi merito p",[1737,2743,2067],{}," iudicio non admittunt ipse fornicetur ",[1737,2746,1739],{}," et p",[1737,2749,2067],{}," suspicione",[1737,2752,2753],{},"m",". ut e. q. v. ph. ii. e. h. de inverenda",[1737,2756,1739],{}," suspicione ",[1737,2759,1739],{}," non i. regulariter dicit. quia ",[1737,2762,1739],{}," in deunclis",[1737,2765,1739],{}," in p",[1737,2768,2769],{},"ar",[1737,2771,2772],{},"h","ia",[1737,2775,1739],{},[1737,2777,1739],{}," p",[1737,2780,2067],{},[1737,2782,1739],{}," ipsius dicit. iiii. p",[1737,2785,2769],{}," suspendere ipse suspicione",[1737,2788,2753],{}," xv. mala fama doceri non sunt ",[1737,2791,1739],{}," phare. i. exa",[1737,2794,2795],{},"mi","nare ut legitis",[1737,2798,1739],{}," timere viris ",[1737,2801,1739],{},[1737,2803,1739],{},". j. e. q. e. ds",[1737,2806,1739],{},[1737,2808,1739],{}," phare. i. patrare ",[1737,2811,1739],{},[1737,2813,2409],{},[1737,2815,1739],{}," aliqui",[1737,2818,1739],{}," et et udex actu",[1737,2821,1739],{}," sive accusare quia ii. q. iiii. ipse ",[1737,2824,1739],{},[1737,2826,1739],{}," allegatione",[1737,2829,1739],{}," tantum indicare alioquin ordo iudicandi non est ",[1737,2832,1739],{}," instructus. ar",[1737,2835,2409],{},[1737,2837,1739],{},". e. multis et ",[1737,2840,1739],{}," iiii. q. vi. iulianus, ar",[1737,2843,2409],{}," xv. q. iiii. illi qui ",[1737,2846,1739],{},[1737,2848,1739],{}," iiii. q. v. iiii. nullatenus",[1737,2851,1739],{},[1737,2853,2409],{}," cum sue libertate. i. i. dist",[1737,2856,2857],{},"inctione"," iii. quod fideris ut ",[1737,2860,1739],{}," usum ",[1737,2863,1739],{}," mu",[1737,2866,1739],{}," non q",[1737,2869,1739],{}," sit accusare. iiii. ds",[1737,2872,1739],{}," sit alio modo",[1737,2875,1739],{},[1737,2877,1739],{}," placuit. iiii. q. i. licet ",[1737,2880,1739],{},[1820,2882,2883],{"id":1752},[1737,2884,1739],{},[11,2886,2887,2888,2081,2890,2892,2893,2895,2896,2898,2899,2901,2902,2904,2905,2907,2908,2910,2911,2913,2914,2916,2917,11,2919,2921,2922,2924,2925,2927,2928,2081,2930,2932,2933,2935,2936,2299,2938,2940,2941,2943,2944,2946,2947,2949,2950,2293,2953,2956,2957,2959,2960,2962,2963,2965,2966,2968,2969,2081,2971,2973,2974,2976,2977,2973,2979,2981,2982,2406,2984,2986,2987,2989,2990,2992,2993,2778,2995,2997,2998,2299,3000,3002,3003,3005,3006,3008,3009,2554,3011,3013,3014,3016,3017,3019,3020,3023,3024,3026,3027,3029,3030,3032,3033,3035,3036,3038,3039,3041,3042,3044,3045,3047,3048,3050,3051,3053,3054,3056,3057,3059,3060,3062,3063,3065,3066,2081,3068,3070,3071,2753,3073,3075,3076,3078,3079,3081],{},"Publice ",[1737,2889,1739],{},[1737,2891,1739],{}," in lege plenis documentis traditum est de quo iudicatio",[1737,2894,1739],{}," que potest accusare pupillus ",[1737,2897,1739],{}," qui ad annos non",[1737,2900,1739],{}," pubertatis",[1737,2903,1739],{}," uti minor pupilli quia eius ",[1737,2906,1739],{}," gestum erat rei publice utili",[1737,2909,1739],{},"tati ut hec ",[1737,2912,1739],{}," non aut",[1737,2915,1739],{}," tatis nostre p",[1737,2918,1739],{},[1737,2920,1739],{}," sec",[1737,2923,1739],{}," et utilitati intendendo non admittendum ad accusationem ne ob hec impendere utilitati ei ",[1737,2926,1739],{}," su",[1737,2929,1739],{},[1737,2931,1739],{}," ut puta in iniuriam suorum recipere",[1737,2934,1739],{}," stupendia",[1737,2937,1739],{},[1737,2939,1739],{}," cum ",[1737,2942,1739],{}," sint fr",[1737,2945,1739],{}," vide. i. sine danno. rei. p. l. fraude q. iiii. § sed qui ipsius p",[1737,2948,2143],{},"venit. b q",[1737,2951,2952],{},"uod",[1737,2954,2955],{},"ter"," vocare vocali h",[1737,2958,1739],{}," vocare tales ",[1737,2961,1739],{}," et accusare non accusare ph s",[1737,2964,1739],{},". q. si rubente ds",[1737,2967,1739],{}," et illud deperitur magistratibus. q",[1737,2970,1739],{},[1737,2972,1739],{}," vocet",[1737,2975,1739],{}," niu",[1737,2978,1739],{},[1737,2980,1739],{}," iuvis",[1737,2983,1739],{},[1737,2985,2409],{}," de tractatibus p",[1737,2988,2067],{}," illud de minoribus h",[1737,2991,2354],{}," est de masochi",[1737,2994,1739],{},[1737,2996,2067],{}," illud ",[1737,2999,1739],{},[1737,3001,1739],{}," illud ad ministrandum vide etiam. iiii. q. ad ministrandum peccatum mea",[1737,3004,1739],{}," punientur h",[1737,3007,2354],{}," aut de omiss",[1737,3010,1739],{},[1737,3012,1739],{}," duo iudicia accusatione hoc q",[1737,3015,1739],{}," nullus regulariter accusare duos ",[1737,3018,1739],{}," crimine si in ea sive minore ut s. de accusatione l",[1737,3021,3022],{},"ibet"," cos",[1737,3025,1739],{}," super lege i",[1737,3028,1739],{}," in deinche",[1737,3031,1739],{}," iuden",[1737,3034,1739],{}," et v",[1737,3037,1739],{}," adulter",[1737,3040,1739],{}," e. q. pupille i. ut iii. h",[1737,3043,1739],{}," cum iniis de libello non potestur si",[1737,3046,1739],{}," sint accusatione modumi",[1737,3049,1739],{}," i. costa et sine murmure ergo qui accusare unde",[1737,3052,1739],{}," et confiteri uno libello vel ea aliam de eodem crimine in alio libello sed et agere si quis accusare duos h",[1737,3055,1739],{}," dicto. accusationem eo eos huius accusare ipse e. l. nullum. e. v. eum ",[1737,3058,1739],{}," in sua vel suorum p",[1737,3061,2067],{},"sequente",[1737,3064,2753],{}," iniuriam vel iste",[1737,3067,2753],{},[1737,3069,1739],{}," huius duos reos p",[1737,3072,2143],{},[1737,3074,1739],{},"ire ut esse cum non maiori. ar",[1737,3077,2409],{}," xv. dist",[1737,3080,2857],{}," de actuant et ut viri libertas.",[1820,3083,3084],{"id":1769},[1737,3085,1739],{},[11,3087,3088,3089,3091,3092,3094,3095,2081,3097,3099,3100,3102,3103,3105,3106,3108,3109,3111,3112,3114,3115,3117,3118,3120,3121,3123,3124,3126,3127,3129,3130,3132,3133,3135,3136,3138,3139,3141,3142,3144,3145,2299,3147,3149,3150,3152,3153,3155,3156,3158,3159,3161,3162,3132,3164,3166,3167,3170,3171,3173,3174,3176,3177,3179,3180,3182,3183,3185,3186,3188,3189,3191,3192,3194,3195,3197,3198,3200,3201,3203],{},"Rara",[1737,3090,1739],{}," sane ita accusatore deponal. ut. C. de accusatione. l. ego",[1737,3093,1739],{}," qui exspicit qui sue ar",[1737,3096,2409],{},[1737,3098,1739],{}," subiri ds",[1737,3101,1739],{}," e. q. p",[1737,3104,1739],{}," hec",[1737,3107,1739],{}," et ds",[1737,3110,1739],{}," adversus inscriptum restituit. accusare crisis",[1737,3113,1739],{}," imputentur de stato accusationi velle cum singulis rei transigere ut. j. ad lucrum. ob accusationi ",[1737,3116,1739],{}," mussus sint solutio si accusare ds",[1737,3119,1739],{}," sine lite cuius redimere sanguinis sui ",[1737,3122,1739],{}," iiii. e. q. iii. punicat",[1737,3125,1739],{},". h",[1737,3128,2354],{}," dicto si lex non in tali re. ob accusationi b",[1737,3131,1739],{}," de eo crimine ",[1737,3134,1739],{}," non lege accusatione. f. cum poena sanguinis maneat tu et non in causa",[1737,3137,1739],{}," accipere ipse v",[1737,3140,1739],{}," repelletur ab accusatione si tu de hostibus pun",[1737,3143,1739],{}," et de illis emit",[1737,3146,1739],{},[1737,3148,1739],{}," ungeret p",[1737,3151,2067],{}," sanguine",[1737,3154,2753],{}," ungh",[1737,3157,1739],{}," transigit illi non in causa",[1737,3160,1739],{}," re. ob ii. accusationi b",[1737,3163,1739],{},[1737,3165,1739],{}," non lege accusatione. e. de collusio",[1737,3168,3169],{},"ne",". ut. j. e. q. iii. fid",[1737,3172,1739],{}," vel accusatione",[1737,3175,2753],{}," eius q",[1737,3178,1739],{}," in deli",[1737,3181,1739],{}," accuse",[1737,3184,1739],{}," eius eum ad eo accuse",[1737,3187,1739],{}," subornavit. i. instruxit talia ea ad falsum testimonium dixit. sed et instruunt abusatos q",[1737,3190,1739],{}," nuvio venditur eum p",[1737,3193,2067],{}," paupertate factus est corrupti p",[1737,3196,2067],{}," sumcosis",[1737,3199,1739],{}," paupertas",[1737,3202,1739],{}," qui ad turpia cogit egestas habet eum",{"title":36,"searchDepth":37,"depth":37,"links":3205},[3206,3207,3208],{"id":36,"depth":1863,"text":1739},{"id":1752,"depth":1863,"text":1739},{"id":1769,"depth":1863,"text":1739},";;; ;;; sumit eius munus;;; et ;;; ;;; confessione;;; iuris ;;; e. q. v. ph. ii. h. representavit. ut hec ;;; respiciat argumentum g;;; tum argumentum si sit absente principi q;;; depnari q;;; tempt;;; ut xi. q. v. argumentum xxxv. q. iiii. de illa veta.",{},"\u002Freadings\u002Ftranscription\u002Fhuguccio-summa-causa-1\u002F118vb",{"description":3209},236.2,"readings\u002Ftranscription\u002Fhuguccio-summa-causa-1\u002F118vb","UXY1CndP8EOBAcElGcvBnBNa7vS08L4uCK55AEJNpps",{"id":3217,"title":3218,"body":3219,"description":3268,"extension":41,"meta":3269,"navigation":46,"page":3218,"path":3270,"pdf_page":50,"reading":42,"seo":3271,"sortable_pagination_id":3272,"stem":3273,"__hash__":3274},"readingsTranscription\u002Freadings\u002Ftranscription\u002Fhuguccio-summa-causa-1\u002F119ra.md","119ra",{"type":8,"value":3220,"toc":3266},[3221],[11,3222,3223,3224,3226,3227,3229,3230,3232,3233,3235,3236,3238,3239,3241,3242,3244,3245,3247,3248,3250,3251,3253,3254,3256,3257,3259,3260,3262,3263,3265],{},"ris in die ne repleat saturatus negem te. paupertate compulsus furer et periurem nomen dei mei. lege Sortiatur, ut hac questio quarta. testimonium si tutius. quis sit bone opinionis ut non paupertate cogatur mentiri licet sit pauper et minus habens quod hodie ",[1737,3225,1739],{}," si repellitur. hoc est non sunt statuti. non propter malos qui corpus alicuius communionem ",[1737,3228,1739],{}," proponunt deo. In tantum quod non opprimerent eos scilicet deos non liberi nec libri ad accusationem patres vel patronos. nisi cum exceptis. scilicet legis maiestatis et sacrilegii et ceteris etc. nisi et expressi. eos in dicto. unde vel hoc. sed totum activum infectum. ni forte de actione iniurie aequa potest eos accusare. § quis et alios non. sed et agatur civiliter. neque ",[1737,3231,1739],{}," in intelligetur prohiberi. cum dicitur in ",[1737,3234,1739],{}," etc. id est statim. liberi liberique. etc. quare civiliter eum violentie. et ",[1737,3237,1739],{}," agendo cum eos criminaliter. ut ",[1737,3240,1739],{}," de eo. unde III. quaestio si abest professione expulsi fuerunt non possunt eos accusare lege Iulia de vi publica. vel privata. lege agere cum eos in dicto. ut III. sed ad recuperandam possessionem. potest agere infectum vel implorare officium iudicis. sed civiliter agentes ubi quod patris. det opera ut professione. etc. Nam et filius si femina ligat se peperisse. et non fuit Iudas et supponat se patri alii forte odio filii ut patrem ab hereditate insolidum non obtineret non potest filius accusare matrem lege Cornelia. de falsis. potest tamen conqueri. de ipsa actione infectum. potest in iudicis implorando. § area facere. et accusare cornelia. de falsis. Nota hic ",[1737,3243,1739],{}," f. quod ab aliis accusatione repellitur. suam vel suorum iniuriam prosequendo admittitur et quod non liberi nec libri patres vel patronos. criminaliter eos agere vel accusare possunt. sed civiliter tantum. ni forte casualis. ab alio delati id est accusati alius non potest deferre: illum de eodem crimine prius detente et dimisse. accusatione potest non recta. quia absolvit reus per sententiam iudicis quod vult ei parcere et cum eo dispensare licet. sciat eum esse fit ei placitum. aut absolvit ab observatione iurium puta quia adversarius defecit in probatione aut absolvit intervenientem. absolutionem. ipso eo causa de tali crimine prius repellitur non accusare non oblique potest repelli. ab accusatione vel testimonio promotione. vel a publico actu quia alius potest exigere. argumento ",[1737,3246,1739],{}," xvii. de his criminibus in iso causa similia. de tali crimine non potest istum accusare ne de admisso et de hominis sepe quaeritur in duobus casibus. scilicet si primus arguatur primus accusator de prevaricatione qui tacet et conicat et iste alius admittit ",[1737,3249,1739],{}," non causa. ut ",[1737,3252,1739],{}," de prevaricat. lege prevaricationis. etc. de accusationibus si quis hereditarius. lege de delato homine exhibendo. lege III. § hoc inter eos sit quia accusator suam vel suorum prosequatur iniuriam quod et signo rasse accusatione. ab alio institutum, ut ",[1737,3255,1739],{}," de accusationibus I. sicut. § hoc demum in his duobus casibus. accusabit ab alio: tamen ab eodem. Item in cursu eius. scilicet si absolvit interveniente abolitione. accusare potest de eodem crimine. ab eodem. vel ab alio sed differenter. Iam videndum est. quid sit abolitio et que sint genera abolitionis. Abolitio est instituta accusationis prepetio que sit qua iste rei. siue accusator de novo reorum abolet. est autem abolitio triplex. publica privata et lege publica que sit ob insigne tres ipse gesta vel publici gratulatione. puta nato principis filio devicta civitate vel recuperata pace propter quod si repentine ferie a principe inducuntur non est de aliis. sed de repentinis feriis est intelligenda. scilicet quod talis abolitio habet et ceteris sua aliis. propter accusatorem desistere. privata est quia accusator dicit se temeritate vel errore. vel calore animi accusasse. petit a iudice abolitionem reo presente et consentiente. ut. C. de aboliti. lege abolitio. abolitio ex lege fit. si accusatore defuncto. vel ita ex impedito. ut iam non possit accusare reus reservato suum suis oboli. ut ",[1737,3258,1739],{}," ad se. q. turpis vel abolitio in qualibus istis abolitionum abolet libellus accusationis. unde si inde accusabit eum iterum de eodem crimine oportebit eum inscribere. Nota igitur quod post quod libet abolitionem admittit accusationem. sed tantum infra XXX dies utiles finitis feriis quoad publicam abolitionem petat abolitionem quoad alia. admittitur in quod accusator idem vel alius interveniente ei abolitione. vel eidem vel alii repetenti eundem accusatum: differenter nam interveniente publica abolitione vel alii admittitur indifferenter. interveniente abolitione privata vel ex lege alius autem non idem admittitur: sed si idem vel alius admittitur. nisi infra XXX dies utiles ut ",[1737,3261,1739],{}," e. quod est ergo ipse ",[1737,3264,1739],{}," quod vult e ergo sensus quod alius non potest deferre. sed interveniente abolitione",{"title":36,"searchDepth":37,"depth":37,"links":3267},[],"ris in die ne repleat saturatus negem te. paupertate compulsus furer et periurem nomen dei mei. lege Sortiatur, ut hac questio quarta. testimonium si tutius. quis sit bone opinionis ut non paupertate cogatur mentiri licet sit pauper et minus habens quod hodie ;;; si repellitur. hoc est non sunt statuti. non propter malos qui corpus alicuius communionem ;;; proponunt deo. In tantum quod non opprimerent eos scilicet deos non liberi nec libri ad accusationem patres vel patronos. nisi cum exceptis. scilicet legis maiestatis et sacrilegii et ceteris etc. nisi et expressi. eos in dicto. unde vel hoc. sed totum activum infectum. ni forte de actione iniurie aequa potest eos accusare. § quis et alios non. sed et agatur civiliter. neque ;;; in intelligetur prohiberi. cum dicitur in ;;; etc. id est statim. liberi liberique. etc. quare civiliter eum violentie. et ;;; agendo cum eos criminaliter. ut ;;; de eo. unde III. quaestio si abest professione expulsi fuerunt non possunt eos accusare lege Iulia de vi publica. vel privata. lege agere cum eos in dicto. ut III. sed ad recuperandam possessionem. potest agere infectum vel implorare officium iudicis. sed civiliter agentes ubi quod patris. det opera ut professione. etc. Nam et filius si femina ligat se peperisse. et non fuit Iudas et supponat se patri alii forte odio filii ut patrem ab hereditate insolidum non obtineret non potest filius accusare matrem lege Cornelia. de falsis. potest tamen conqueri. de ipsa actione infectum. potest in iudicis implorando. § area facere. et accusare cornelia. de falsis. Nota hic ;;; f. quod ab aliis accusatione repellitur. suam vel suorum iniuriam prosequendo admittitur et quod non liberi nec libri patres vel patronos. criminaliter eos agere vel accusare possunt. sed civiliter tantum. ni forte casualis. ab alio delati id est accusati alius non potest deferre: illum de eodem crimine prius detente et dimisse. accusatione potest non recta. quia absolvit reus per sententiam iudicis quod vult ei parcere et cum eo dispensare licet. sciat eum esse fit ei placitum. aut absolvit ab observatione iurium puta quia adversarius defecit in probatione aut absolvit intervenientem. absolutionem. ipso eo causa de tali crimine prius repellitur non accusare non oblique potest repelli. ab accusatione vel testimonio promotione. vel a publico actu quia alius potest exigere. argumento ;;; xvii. de his criminibus in iso causa similia. de tali crimine non potest istum accusare ne de admisso et de hominis sepe quaeritur in duobus casibus. scilicet si primus arguatur primus accusator de prevaricatione qui tacet et conicat et iste alius admittit ;;; non causa. ut ;;; de prevaricat. lege prevaricationis. etc. de accusationibus si quis hereditarius. lege de delato homine exhibendo. lege III. § hoc inter eos sit quia accusator suam vel suorum prosequatur iniuriam quod et signo rasse accusatione. ab alio institutum, ut ;;; de accusationibus I. sicut. § hoc demum in his duobus casibus. accusabit ab alio: tamen ab eodem. Item in cursu eius. scilicet si absolvit interveniente abolitione. accusare potest de eodem crimine. ab eodem. vel ab alio sed differenter. Iam videndum est. quid sit abolitio et que sint genera abolitionis. Abolitio est instituta accusationis prepetio que sit qua iste rei. siue accusator de novo reorum abolet. est autem abolitio triplex. publica privata et lege publica que sit ob insigne tres ipse gesta vel publici gratulatione. puta nato principis filio devicta civitate vel recuperata pace propter quod si repentine ferie a principe inducuntur non est de aliis. sed de repentinis feriis est intelligenda. scilicet quod talis abolitio habet et ceteris sua aliis. propter accusatorem desistere. privata est quia accusator dicit se temeritate vel errore. vel calore animi accusasse. petit a iudice abolitionem reo presente et consentiente. ut. C. de aboliti. lege abolitio. abolitio ex lege fit. si accusatore defuncto. vel ita ex impedito. ut iam non possit accusare reus reservato suum suis oboli. ut ;;; ad se. q. turpis vel abolitio in qualibus istis abolitionum abolet libellus accusationis. unde si inde accusabit eum iterum de eodem crimine oportebit eum inscribere. Nota igitur quod post quod libet abolitionem admittit accusationem. sed tantum infra XXX dies utiles finitis feriis quoad publicam abolitionem petat abolitionem quoad alia. admittitur in quod accusator idem vel alius interveniente ei abolitione. vel eidem vel alii repetenti eundem accusatum: differenter nam interveniente publica abolitione vel alii admittitur indifferenter. interveniente abolitione privata vel ex lege alius autem non idem admittitur: sed si idem vel alius admittitur. nisi infra XXX dies utiles ut ;;; e. quod est ergo ipse ;;; quod vult e ergo sensus quod alius non potest deferre. sed interveniente abolitione",{},"\u002Freadings\u002Ftranscription\u002Fhuguccio-summa-causa-1\u002F119ra",{"description":3268},237.1,"readings\u002Ftranscription\u002Fhuguccio-summa-causa-1\u002F119ra","wVmv3gSck6mlJTM3siKCtA_3KGvL6wW2A7vM_a5Lqw8",{"id":3276,"title":47,"body":3277,"description":3352,"extension":41,"meta":3353,"navigation":46,"page":47,"path":3354,"pdf_page":50,"reading":42,"seo":3355,"sortable_pagination_id":3356,"stem":3357,"__hash__":3358},"readingsTranscription\u002Freadings\u002Ftranscription\u002Fhuguccio-summa-causa-1\u002F119rb.md",{"type":8,"value":3278,"toc":3345},[3279,3291,3295,3301,3305,3308,3312,3315,3319,3330,3334],[11,3280,3281,3282,3284,3285,3287,3288,3290],{},"interveniente abolitione. ex lege de reis. id est de novo reorum deferre non prohibetur. sed tamen intra XXX dies utiles et non prius sicut dictum est. ut ",[1737,3283,1739],{}," e. q. unde ",[1737,3286,1739],{}," vel ",[1737,3289,1739],{},". et nota quod modo abolitione petita non semper exigit consensus rei. nempe rei iam est passus aliquas iniurias. scilicet tormentorum vel carceris non dabitur abolitio sine eius consensu si vero nichil tale est passus et in novo reo dabitur abolitio licet infra XXX dies non actorem petatur. ut C. de abolitio. lege ult. sed extra accusatore et accusatus voluerit ut detur abolitio. nunquam iudex debet eam dare cum indifferentem. nisi in maximis criminibus puta lese maiestatis prodite. tunc dabitur abolitio quamvis utraque pars velit. quia si testes ingenui iam sit in libris vel tormentis suppositi non dabitur abolitio. et consensu utriusque partis. Item si accusatorem fallaciter et fallaciter accusatum abolito non debent dari. ad hoc totum invenitur. C. de abolitionibus. l. ult. et C. de calumniatoribus. fallaciter.",[1820,3292,3294],{"id":3293},"munere","Munere",[11,3296,3297,3298,3300],{},"Munere ",[1737,3299,1739],{}," ad annonam. cum annone dicebatur cum quis publicam annonam que debebat dari militibus defraudabat. vel ut annona carius venderet faciebat ad accusationem hoc emi mulieres meretrices et suum infames admittebant ut dicitur in hac lege. ad mititium et ad hanc accusationem.",[1820,3302,3304],{"id":3303},"omnibus","Omnibus",[11,3306,3307],{},"His omnibus. concludit ex premissis ordinem iudiciarium esse servandum et ex causis servandus si manifestis nam ut dicit in sequenti paragrapho accusatio et cetera ad ordinem iudiciarium pertinentia ad hoc sunt instituta ut reus calliditate adversantium non possit opprimi et ne reis tutio dum cedat etiam quia cessante causa cessare debet effectus non manifestis hoc non est in necessaria nec exiguntur attestationes ad notoria.",[1820,3309,3311],{"id":3310},"manifesta","Manifesta",[11,3313,3314],{},"Manifesta id est notoria. non longa scilicet ut XI quaestio III. eorum. qui certe et III q. v. quia suspecti. C. quod Athanasius restituit licet cuius eius esset manifestum. sed quaedam sunt manifesta que non sunt notoria de quibus et quaedam manifesta sunt notoria de quibus hic accusatione ergo non testificatione necessaria etiam tamen citatio ut XX. III q. III. de illicita. nisi ubi notoriis defendendum est appellatione argumento ex. cum sacri scripta XXVII. q. I. si lectio. si custos. sic nec incontumacia. XX III. quaestio III. de illicita.",[1820,3316,3318],{"id":3317},"in-manifestis","in manifestis",[11,3320,3321,3322,2081,3324,3326,3327,3329],{},"In manifestis respicit ad precedentia per ipsa capitula etiam contra fine precedentis paragraphi termini usitatione id est dissolutione vel accusatione palliatione et propter ",[1737,3323,1739],{},[1737,3325,1739],{}," nam per dissimulationem munitio ab accusatione desisterit. ut ",[1737,3328,1739],{}," e. q. III.",[1820,3331,3333],{"id":3332},"notariorum","Notariorum",[11,3335,3336,3337,2081,3339,3341,3342,3344],{},"Notariorum sua sponte. scilicet sponte rei. q. I. quia ipse Iohannes etc. innocentia. id est innocens. culpa delictis. id est delictis. culpabili et noces sed quaeritur quid enim sit notorium. respondeo quam quod omne crimen est vel efficitur notorium. ex quo in iure quaeritur per sententiam iudicis. siue reus iudicaretur siue offiteretur per se si confitearetur. sed credo quod nullum crimen efficiatur notorium per sententiam iudicis. dico ergo quod omne et solum illud crimen notorium quod ipse qui omisit ut omittit illum offiteretur est in publicano ",[1737,3338,1739],{},[1737,3340,1739],{}," sed confessio intelligo. et ore publice vel evidentia facti et sic ore neget si in evidentia facti appareat non minus dicit notorium ut in fornicatione concubinario qui publice notatam tenebat. C. dist. quia communiter eius tu usatione a regimine non potest. idem est in sacerdote. presbytere tenente focariam et ex ea habens filios licet ore neget ipsa et evidentia facta convicit eum. argumento dist. LXXXII. proposuisti. R. XXX. III. q. II. de his. quidam vero dicunt quod quamquam sit evidens faciendum tamen reus neget non est notorium. quod quibus videtur sentire. ",[1737,3343,1739],{}," e. § quando si hoc capitulum valde concedo. sed quia adversus utrum notorium desinat esse notorium dicitur quod sic. sed cum cessate ab actu peccandi et nullo super est vestigium peccati. puta ubi presbyter habet focariam et est notorium dimittit eam et postea repedit, statim desinit esse notorium. Ego autem dico. quod ex quo semel est notorium. semper est notorium illis viventibus quibus est notorium ut cum concubina fornicatoris non transeat ad alium locum vel ingrediatur cum eo. vel non cum extoto excidat a memoria illorum. quod autem dicit de vestigio. scilicet quod aliud vestigium peccati debet apparere ad hoc. ut remaneat notorium ut filii publici fornicarii non approbo. quia multa crimina sunt quorum vestigia remanere non possunt. ut simoniae homicidium quibus opus sodomiticum et huiusmodi.",{"title":36,"searchDepth":37,"depth":37,"links":3346},[3347,3348,3349,3350,3351],{"id":3293,"depth":1863,"text":3294},{"id":3303,"depth":1863,"text":3304},{"id":3310,"depth":1863,"text":3311},{"id":3317,"depth":1863,"text":3318},{"id":3332,"depth":1863,"text":3333},"interveniente abolitione. ex lege de reis. id est de novo reorum deferre non prohibetur. sed tamen intra XXX dies utiles et non prius sicut dictum est. ut ;;; e. q. unde ;;; vel ;;;. et nota quod modo abolitione petita non semper exigit consensus rei. nempe rei iam est passus aliquas iniurias. scilicet tormentorum vel carceris non dabitur abolitio sine eius consensu si vero nichil tale est passus et in novo reo dabitur abolitio licet infra XXX dies non actorem petatur. ut C. de abolitio. lege ult. sed extra accusatore et accusatus voluerit ut detur abolitio. nunquam iudex debet eam dare cum indifferentem. nisi in maximis criminibus puta lese maiestatis prodite. tunc dabitur abolitio quamvis utraque pars velit. quia si testes ingenui iam sit in libris vel tormentis suppositi non dabitur abolitio. et consensu utriusque partis. Item si accusatorem fallaciter et fallaciter accusatum abolito non debent dari. ad hoc totum invenitur. C. de abolitionibus. l. ult. et C. de calumniatoribus. fallaciter.",{},"\u002Freadings\u002Ftranscription\u002Fhuguccio-summa-causa-1\u002F119rb",{"description":3352},237.2,"readings\u002Ftranscription\u002Fhuguccio-summa-causa-1\u002F119rb","0FfHl8EfKS_vNZin0NYHlDhoRDfUM6WLQX73Rek4OW4",[3360,3521,3712,4180,4812,4986,5325,5933,6472,6701],{"id":3361,"title":1727,"body":3362,"description":3515,"extension":41,"meta":3516,"navigation":46,"page":48,"path":3517,"pdf_page":51,"reading":42,"seo":3518,"sortable_pagination_id":1800,"stem":3519,"__hash__":3520},"readingsTranslation\u002Freadings\u002Ftranslation\u002Fhuguccio-summa-causa-1\u002F117ra.md",{"type":8,"value":3363,"toc":3509},[3364,3366,3371,3375,3379,3383,3446,3450,3453,3457,3461],[1731,3365,1727],{"id":1733},[11,3367,3368,3370],{},[1737,3369,1739],{}," to be excused in the preceding causa as to how simony ought to be condemned and punished. But because no one ought to be deprived of his goods without judicial order, he enters this causa in which he treats of the judicial order, showing that one who has not confessed is not to be condemned, and that one who has been despoiled is first to be restored to the order of law and then [tried], and what penalty punishes him who defrauds the accusers, and what objections are all raised, and that many [provisions] are strict, and what sort [of persons] are to be set aside on appeal, and how between accusers and clerics they may be removed, and that clerics are to be admitted, and how satisfaction is to be made to the accuser.",[1742,3372,3373],{"id":36},[1737,3374,1739],{},[11,3376,3377],{},[1737,3378,1739],{},[1742,3380,3381],{"id":1752},[1737,3382,1739],{},[11,3384,3385,3386,3389,3390,3392,3393,3395,3396,3399,3400,3403,3404,3407,3408,3411,3412,3415,3416,3418,3419,3422,3423,3425,3426,3429,3430,3433,3434,3437,3438,3441,3442,3445],{},"“",[15,3387,3388],{},"Vot. h. inuitat","” [i.e., the rubric]: ",[1737,3391,1739],{}," there is also nothing which ought to be urged toward condemnation apart from the judicial order, but rather [as is said] in xxxii. q. vi. He decreed however by way of exception that one may proceed in another way for certain causes, namely on account of a notorious and evident deed, as below in the same q. “",[15,3394,3311],{},"” § “",[15,3397,3398],{},"Lotarius de manifesta","”; on account of contumacy, when one who is absent is condemned without observance of the order of law, iii. q. iii. “",[15,3401,3402],{},"Decreuimus","”, xxiiii. q. iii. and iiii. “",[15,3405,3406],{},"Dilecta","”; on account of the avoidance of scandal, but he excludes one publicly defamed of [withholding] tithes; but if not confessed he is not suspended except on account of scandal of the people, as below in the same q. “",[15,3409,3410],{},"Presbyter","”; if on account of suspicion of dilapidation: a person suspected of squandering the goods of the church is removed from administration before the cause is examined, as iiii. q. i. q. eo § “",[15,3413,3414],{},"Defectu iudicis","”, for instance when one has intruded himself into the apostolic see who from the higher law dares to excommunicate him whom he should sue. And with the order of law observed, they are to be compelled, as iii. q. i. C ",[1737,3417,1739],{},". Now the judicial order is so called when one is sued before his own judge, and is summoned to his cause by edicts, ",[15,3420,3421],{},"l. uno peremptorio",", with peremptory and lawful summonses written down, and at the third edition the recesses are solemnly announced; [when] for the accuser they are made in writing, lawful witnesses are produced, those produced are lawfully produced and those produced are lawfully examined, and all things are set forth in writing, and then unless he is convicted or has confessed [no condemnation follows], and the other solemnities of law altogether or of legal observance are kept. And note that the judicial order is [understood] in two ways, namely simply and [strictly]; that which is properly simple is that which condemns with the integrity of the judicial order observed. § That which is ",[1737,3424,1739],{}," is that which condemns without the integrity of the judicial order observed, as in the foresaid excepted cases; and which is said [to be] of the same kind, except not simple and integral and simple, but is to be observed in § “",[15,3427,3428],{},"Quod a.","” in part, because such a case requires the judicial order, for by that very fact the order of law is said to be set aside because it is not observed, and [likewise] every solemnity of the judicial order. And note that one sentence is of condemnation or deposition, another of excommunication, another of suspension; for none [is to be passed] without observance of the order of law, except by way of exception as has been said. The sentence of deposition follows the solemnity of the law not being observed, while it is pronounced by his own judge and [without regard for] appeal, as below in the same q. “",[15,3431,3432],{},"Neo. x. q. an. si epe","”, except perhaps it preserves that difference: that the sentence of excommunication ought to be pronounced apart from the judicial order, as below in the same q. “",[15,3435,3436],{},"Neo","” xxxiiii. q. iii. “",[15,3439,3440],{},"Dilicrta","”; but the sentence of suspension which is rightly pronounced even without it being observed, as below in the same q. v. “",[15,3443,3444],{},"Vbi. si.","”",[1742,3447,3448],{"id":1769},[1737,3449,1739],{},[11,3451,3452],{},"That unless we are first [heard], that is, we ought not [to be condemned]; the sentence of deposition or denunciation, because without due process it is pronounced against the debtor, but the sentence of suspension is often able to be pronounced with [such process] omitted.",[11,3454,3455],{},[1737,3456,1739],{},[1742,3458,3459],{"id":1781},[1737,3460,1739],{},[11,3462,3463,3464,3467,3468,3471,3472,3475,3476,3479,3480,3482,3483,3485,3486,3489,3490,3493,3494,3497,3498,3501,3502,3504,3505,3508],{},"Those whom these would seek, as Fe. q. xviii si. p., and to none is the sentence of excommunication given which is pronounced against debtors in the appropriate place, ar. below in the same q. “",[15,3465,3466],{},"Multi","”: one lawfully convicted by witnesses, or done before the eyes [of the judge], or by evidence of the law or of the fact itself, by testimony of a notorious deed of a man, ar. di. xxviii. “",[15,3469,3470],{},"Ius quod","”, xxxiii. q. iii. “",[15,3473,3474],{},"De his","”, and below in the same q. “",[15,3477,3478],{},"Manifestus","” q. “",[15,3481,3398],{},"”: one who has confessed in court (for confession outside of court does not suffice, not extrajudicially), as in addition to preaching, namely on account of contumacy when absent and contumacious, professed (not) xi. q. viii. “",[15,3484,3402],{},"”, to be condemned unless those whom [etc.] as xxiii. q. iii. “",[15,3487,3488],{},"De illicita","”. Spontaneously, that is, without coercion or fear; the confession is [invalid if] extorted by fear, by coercion, or by the judge, as xv. q. vi. C. i., xxxi. q. ii. “",[15,3491,3492],{},"Lotharius","”, j v. q. v. “",[15,3495,3496],{},"Propa. cc","”. Likewise the same is said of the sentence of excommunication: this [applies], whether the sentence of deposition or excommunication accidentally agrees with what is said in law, concerning that of which the contumacious person was professedly held. And by vii. q. i. § “",[15,3499,3500],{},"Si quis","”: likewise convicted, if it speaks of the sentence of suspension which is often pronounced with omission [of process], or if it speaks of the sentence of deposition for contumacy, when a cleric ",[1737,3503,1739],{}," commits his [deed] and being admonished does not return, or without admonition does not return at the lawful time, it is pronounced, as above di. lxxvi. “",[15,3506,3507],{},"Probacia","” and above i quod cominat., and Florida says of",{"title":36,"searchDepth":37,"depth":37,"links":3510},[3511,3512,3513,3514],{"id":36,"depth":37,"text":1739},{"id":1752,"depth":37,"text":1739},{"id":1769,"depth":37,"text":1739},{"id":1781,"depth":37,"text":1739},";;; to be excused in the preceding causa as to how simony ought to be condemned and punished. But because no one ought to be deprived of his goods without judicial order, he enters this causa in which he treats of the judicial order, showing that one who has not confessed is not to be condemned, and that one who has been despoiled is first to be restored to the order of law and then [tried], and what penalty punishes him who defrauds the accusers, and what objections are all raised, and that many [provisions] are strict, and what sort [of persons] are to be set aside on appeal, and how between accusers and clerics they may be removed, and that clerics are to be admitted, and how satisfaction is to be made to the accuser.",{},"\u002Freadings\u002Ftranslation\u002Fhuguccio-summa-causa-1\u002F117ra",{"title":1727,"description":3515},"readings\u002Ftranslation\u002Fhuguccio-summa-causa-1\u002F117ra","cdIzoevi51K_po6lW5Pn2VV5aqKo8vkQEAoVdlUrHew",{"id":3522,"title":1805,"body":3523,"description":3706,"extension":41,"meta":3707,"navigation":46,"page":1805,"path":3708,"pdf_page":51,"reading":42,"seo":3709,"sortable_pagination_id":1871,"stem":3710,"__hash__":3711},"readingsTranslation\u002Freadings\u002Ftranslation\u002Fhuguccio-summa-causa-1\u002F117rb.md",{"type":8,"value":3524,"toc":3700},[3525,3543,3547,3578,3582,3651,3655,3693,3697],[11,3526,3527,3529,3530,3532,3533,3535,3536,3538,3539,3542],{},[1737,3528,1739],{}," he speaks under a stricter [sense], namely if he should truly prove what he was saying; the judge discusses ",[1737,3531,1739],{}," examining [the matter]. The sentence, that of cyriois [?] or of excommunication, on account of harmful matters of such a sort ",[1737,3534,1739],{}," q. iiii. perhaps understand: in the larger sense, [concerning] the burdening of those, namely such as are to be repelled from objection: because those who are objectionable are not to be received ",[1737,3537,1739],{}," when he, unless conjoined, has chanced to ti. q. d. “",[15,3540,3541],{},"Confessam","”, [concerning] matters of the case from the evidence of the fact itself by instrument.",[1820,3544,3545],{"id":36},[1737,3546,1739],{},[11,3548,3549,3550,3553,3554,3557,3558,1829,3560,435,3562,3564,3565,3567,3568,3571,3572,3574,3575,3577],{},"This is the procedure, and this is true; and here Augustine speaks, and [the gloss] interprets in the name of [the] testimony. He hates one condemned by judicial order through the ordinary, namely [that the sentence] should be pronounced, that not for execution. But unless the sentence ought to be deferred for going away, there is [no] place for appeal; for which reason [such sentences] ought not to be deferred until the thirtieth day, as xi. q. iiii. “",[15,3551,3552],{},"Cum apostoli","”. But I say that he speaks in that case when in another [matter] there is appeal beyond, or in causes of appeal; or I say that the sentence is not said to be deferred until you return, that is, for the lawful public time, namely for going away — and [for] the going away in which I have appealed before the sentence [is given] in mandate and in execution. And l. “",[15,3555,3556],{},"Redim adit conferret","”. But pending ",[1737,3559,1739],{},[1737,3561,1739],{},[1737,3563,1739],{}," the sentence put to mandate of execution when ",[1737,3566,1739],{}," xxxii q. iiii. “",[15,3569,3570],{},"Doctissimas","”. Note this, because magister Iohannes understands this case of one who has confessed in court, has been condemned, because what was confessed in court ",[1737,3573,1739],{}," before the sentence is forthwith pronounced ",[1737,3576,1739],{}," excommunication. But I say that one who confesses is not condemned unless he has [the right of] appeal, as x. c. vi. etc.",[1820,3579,3580],{"id":1752},[1737,3581,1739],{},[11,3583,3584,3585,3588,3589,3592,3593,3595,3596,3599,3600,3603,3604,3606,3607,3610,3611,3614,3615,3618,3619,3622,3623,3626,3627,3630,3631,3634,3635,3638,3639,3642,3643,3646,3647,3650],{},"And without an accuser: thus [it is argued] that a priest who is noted of a crime, when he is convicted, ought to be deposed or condemned through the ordinary, when without an accuser, nor is he to be condemned for tithes, below and ux. e. “",[15,3586,3587],{},"Demanifesta","”, xxiii. q. iii. “",[15,3590,3591],{},"Si qui","”, xxiiii. [etc.]. Yet it is granted that this is for final [punishment] of [such matters], and if he is unwilling to do penance through contumacy, as he is to be excommunicated by oath of penance, ",[1737,3594,1739],{}," q. v. “",[15,3597,3598],{},"Quod vsut do iuda","”, being angry, because it speaks of one hidden in secret, unless he is [manifest], and exxii q. “",[15,3601,3602],{},"xana","”, in which causa they understand all the chapters. Ramares, of either a prelate or excommunication, in oaths or accepted or inferred against his suffragan, as di. xii “",[15,3605,3474],{},"” and below di. xxxiiii. “",[15,3608,3609],{},"Quorundam","” and xi. q. iii. “",[15,3612,3613],{},"Si quis epis","”: Iohannes (or others) signs the sentence of damnation, whence some would have this rank, but the gloss [holds otherwise]. The Turk and slave joined together, or the church, that unless he swears that primates may be able to depose bishops, q. ix. di. “",[15,3616,3617],{},"Yris. cσ:μιιι.","”, q. vi. “",[15,3620,3621],{},"Accatus","” [and the] degrees [in] “",[15,3624,3625],{},"Contra multi etc.","”, “",[15,3628,3629],{},"Dudum co.","”, they add a certain [clause] that to primates [belongs] the right to deport [bishops] from their sees, and not to the metropolitan. Others say that they begin [the case] but not [proceed] to another condemnation of bishops without the knowledge of the pope. But neither of these solutions is valid, for from the time of the apostles this has held: that the cause of deposition of bishops the primates and metropolitans and bishops have treated and examined, but not difficult [matters] without the mandate of the lord pope, as vi. q. vi. “",[15,3632,3633],{},"Quod uis interesse","”, [",[15,3636,3637],{},"Glossa","] yloradio armania v., or perhaps “",[15,3640,3641],{},"Explorato et incet enim","”: for the sentence is unknown, whether it would agree with his judge or not, because as such it should not have been pronounced when given by a judge or made suspect, and without “",[15,3644,3645],{},"Aue. p.","” before his judge it should be denied to allege contumacy. But thus I understand: [in] this very thing, as “",[15,3648,3649],{},"Rerctda","” or by natural fact, a sentence given without the judicial order is by the very law null and of no force, and does not hold [even] if greater retraction is willed.",[1820,3652,3653],{"id":1769},[1737,3654,1739],{},[11,3656,3657,3658,3661,3662,3665,3666,3669,3670,3673,3674,3677,3678,3680,3681,3684,3685,3688,3689,3692],{},"The law [holds] etc.: those who agree about the one denying that he is heard. He judges, ar. xv. q. v. “",[15,3659,3660],{},"ẜbτιν εχησ","” or “",[15,3663,3664],{},"Confessladico","” ii.x.iv. “",[15,3667,3668],{},"Disciplina","”; [concerning] the order of accusing [?], not di. xxxii. “",[15,3671,3672],{},"Erubescat","”, xxxiv. q. iii. “",[15,3675,3676],{},"Ds pocclt","”: ar. that one through avoidance [may] hidden communion, of those indeed by law it is [said] to be communion, even [when] another does not know it. ",[1737,3679,1739],{}," q. vi. “",[15,3682,3683],{},"Si tu. sustineꝝe","”, [concerning] leaping into public communion if one knows the secret one, as it is said [that] communion through it should be denied, but he publicly holds communion, as vi q. ii. “",[15,3686,3687],{},"Siti","” and below in the same q. “",[15,3690,3691],{},"Si peccauerit","”.",[1820,3694,3695],{"id":1781},[1737,3696,1739],{},[11,3698,3699],{},"Too many chapters [are] given to the principal [matter], namely concerning the priest Ianuarius, the bishop ideiso [having been] excommunicated; [and] the Malachitan [case], concerning bishop Stephen, who because of [his] merits and favor of the chief party, because [some] had lost [their churches] through the church, but expelled [them] and substituted others in their place, Gregory writes to Hami the defender concerning these [matters]; [and so] he distinguishes [the things] to be examined by all, first instructing him as to those whom the agent of Stephen had [summoned] to respond. [Etc.]",{"title":36,"searchDepth":37,"depth":37,"links":3701},[3702,3703,3704,3705],{"id":36,"depth":1863,"text":1739},{"id":1752,"depth":1863,"text":1739},{"id":1769,"depth":1863,"text":1739},{"id":1781,"depth":1863,"text":1739},";;; he speaks under a stricter [sense], namely if he should truly prove what he was saying; the judge discusses ;;; examining [the matter]. The sentence, that of cyriois [?] or of excommunication, on account of harmful matters of such a sort ;;; q. iiii. perhaps understand: in the larger sense, [concerning] the burdening of those, namely such as are to be repelled from objection: because those who are objectionable are not to be received ;;; when he, unless conjoined, has chanced to ti. q. d. “Confessam”, [concerning] matters of the case from the evidence of the fact itself by instrument.",{},"\u002Freadings\u002Ftranslation\u002Fhuguccio-summa-causa-1\u002F117rb",{"description":3706},"readings\u002Ftranslation\u002Fhuguccio-summa-causa-1\u002F117rb","-xLo9WqIu5Nc3vjC6Xa-zt7jjCeS9BFA_rWyG1GgPyE",{"id":3713,"title":1876,"body":3714,"description":4174,"extension":41,"meta":4175,"navigation":46,"page":1876,"path":4176,"pdf_page":1970,"reading":42,"seo":4177,"sortable_pagination_id":1972,"stem":4178,"__hash__":4179},"readingsTranslation\u002Freadings\u002Ftranslation\u002Fhuguccio-summa-causa-1\u002F117va.md",{"type":8,"value":3715,"toc":4172},[3716],[11,3717,3718,3720,3721,3723,3724,3726,3727,3729,3730,3732,3733,3735,3736,3738,3739,3741,3742,3745,3746,3749,3750,3753,3754,3757,3758,3760,3761,3763,3764,3766,3767,3769,3770,3773,3774,3777,3778,3780,3781,2081,3783,3786,3787,3789,3790,3792,3793,3795,3796,3799,3800,3803,3804,3806,3807,3809,3810,3812,3813,3816,3817,3819,3820,3822,3823,3825,3826,3829,3830,3832,3833,3829,3835,3837,3838,3840,3841,2081,3844,3846,3847,151,3850,3853,3854,2081,3856,3859,3860,2081,3863,3865,3866,3868,3869,3871,3872,3874,3875,3878,3879,3881,3882,3884,3885,2081,3888,3890,3891,2081,3894,3896,3897,3899,3900,3902,3903,3905,3906,3908,3909,3911,3912,3914,3915,3917,3918,3920,3921,3923,3924,3926,3927,3929,3930,2081,3932,3829,3935,3937,3938,3829,3941,3943,3944,3946,3947,3949,3950,2081,3953,3955,3956,3959,3960,3962,3963,3965,3966,3968,3969,2081,3972,2081,3974,3977,3978,3981,3982,3984,3985,3987,3988,3984,3990,3992,3993,3995,3996,2081,3998,4000,4001,4003,4004,4006,4007,3908,4009,3962,4011,2216,4013,3962,4015,4017,4018,4021,4022,4024,4025,4027,4028,4030,4031,2081,4034,2081,4036,4039,4040,151,4042,4045,4046,4048,4049,4051,4052,4054,4055,4057,4058,3984,4060,4062,4063,4065,4066,4068,4069,4071,4072,4074,4075,4077,4078,4081,4082,4084,4085,2081,4087,4089,4090,2081,4093,4095,4096,4098,4099,4101,4102,4104,4105,4108,4109,4111,4112,4114,4115,4117,4118,4120,4121,4123,4124,4126,4127,4129,4130,4132,4133,4135,4136,4139,4140,4142,4143,4145,4146,4148,4149,4114,4151,4153,4154,4157,4158,4160,4161,4163,4164,2081,4166,4168,4169,4171],{},[1737,3719,1739],{}," concerning Stephanus ",[1737,3722,1739],{}," diligently ",[1737,3725,1739],{}," order ",[1737,3728,1739],{}," does not deviate, as in many places he loved his brothers, since ",[1737,3731,1739],{}," q. ",[1737,3734,1739],{},", where it is shown that this is more in accord with justice, since ",[1737,3737,1739],{},"; and “by apostles” ",[1737,3740,1739],{}," up to “to be received,” xij. q. ij. c. ",[15,3743,3744],{},"Si receptam","; “j” up to ",[15,3747,3748],{},"vniuersa peticio","; from ",[15,3751,3752],{},"ianuarium"," up to ",[15,3755,3756],{},"primo","; ",[1737,3759,1739],{}," door ",[1737,3762,1739],{}," which never ",[1737,3765,1739],{}," the case was to recount, against a despoiled ",[1737,3768,1739],{}," whether proven. It does not suffice that he be moved [i.e., expelled] unless it be proven; argument vij. q. iiij. c. ",[15,3771,3772],{},"Nec",", xv. q. iij. c. ",[15,3775,3776],{},"Per motam"," — not proven. He died because he was unwilling ",[1737,3779,1739],{}," not to be deposed, because not ",[1737,3782,1739],{},[15,3784,3785],{},"Si quis moverit","; and that the cause ",[1737,3788,1739],{}," whether proven by the order of law, that is, by things [i.e., evidence] and instruments, so that he may evidently show the deed itself ",[1737,3791,1739],{},". Otherwise, as among the faithful ",[1737,3794,1739],{}," to be treated and discussed, and not to be absent and summoned; argument j. e. [same causa] c. ",[15,3797,3798],{},"Si quis episcopus","; j. e. q. xviij. c. ",[15,3801,3802],{},"Quoniam","; the gloss ",[1737,3805,1739],{}," of his ",[1737,3808,1739],{}," holds otherwise. But it is not ",[1737,3811,1739],{}," he should be led to deposition, xx. j. j. ",[15,3814,3815],{},"Sed episcopus","; if his own leader [i.e., bishop] should approach for inspection ",[1737,3818,1739],{}," if there be ",[1737,3821,1739],{}," priests. ¶ The bishop, for the protection of his ",[1737,3824,1739],{},", as xxxvij. ",[15,3827,3828],{},"Placuit",", that ",[1737,3831,1739],{},", as xj. q. ij. ",[15,3834,3828],{},[1737,3836,1739],{}," or when it is not done ",[1737,3839,1739],{},", as xv. q. j. ",[15,3842,3843],{},"Si quis de ordine",[1737,3845,1739],{}," commonly arise; as in xxxv. [c.] ",[15,3848,3849],{},"An",[15,3851,3852],{},"Omnino","; as in ",[1737,3855,1739],{},[15,3857,3858],{},"Nullus","; iij. q. j. ",[15,3861,3862],{},"Eo iudicio",[1737,3864,1739],{}," nor that another might move ",[1737,3867,1739],{},". j. xviij. ",[15,3870,3828],{}," — concerning the manner of proof and conviction ",[1737,3873,1739],{},"; argument from the answer iij. and from ",[15,3876,3877],{},"Cum accusatus",", and from [the case of one] to be ejected, since just as ",[1737,3880,1739],{}," the deposed is not opposed ",[1737,3883,1739],{}," j. e. — but it is not, as in ",[15,3886,3887],{},"Salarum iudice",[1737,3889,1739],{}," but it is not in the case ",[15,3892,3893],{},"Salarum",[1737,3895,1739],{}," of judging; argument ",[1737,3898,1739],{},". If indeed ",[1737,3901,1739],{}," through ",[1737,3904,1739],{}," official, ",[1737,3907,1739],{}," not to be ",[1737,3910,1739],{}," used ",[1737,3913,1739],{}," in the same; or whether anyone accused ",[1737,3916,1739],{}," who was not present [would not consent]; argument ",[1737,3919,1739],{},". And if any ",[1737,3922,1739],{}," when another ",[1737,3925,1739],{}," should attack them ",[1737,3928,1739],{}," not himself ",[1737,3931,1739],{},[15,3933,3934],{},"Quieto",[1737,3936,1739],{}," q. v. [and] xxv. q. iiij. c. ",[15,3939,3940],{},"Gavisi sumus",[1737,3942,1739],{}," there is what [is] of his [i.e., the accused’s] presumption [that is] simoniacal — distinct [case]; but as it is, whether ",[1737,3945,1739],{}," ready, P[etrus] instructed ",[1737,3948,1739],{},"; whether the deed itself is [done] under the inscription [i.e., formal accusation] of the adversary, then yes [he is bound], otherwise no. But j. e. q. e., that he probably brings [evidence] for the one fighting on his behalf; j. e. q. j. ",[15,3951,3952],{},"Per violentam",[1737,3954,1739],{}," of the church they would lead, xxxv. q. j. c. ",[15,3957,3958],{},"Iniusto","; [those who are] ejected are not freed [from being] in the despoiled state ",[1737,3961,1739],{},"; not ",[1737,3964,1739],{}," in the place; in the casual matter ",[1737,3967,1739],{}," he should not begin to treat of the injury; j. e. ",[15,3970,3971],{},"Duo",[1737,3973,1739],{},[15,3975,3976],{},"crilio","; j. e. ",[15,3979,3980],{},"De executione",", and concerning depositions by ",[1737,3983,1739],{},"; argument ",[1737,3986,1739],{}," in the deposed P[etrus] himself ought not to be ",[1737,3989,1739],{},[1737,3991,1739],{}," xxvij. b. that he is among the judged, on account of ",[1737,3994,1739],{}," xv. q. j. ",[15,3997,3772],{},[1737,3999,1739],{}," in the matter not moved [i.e., not yet adjudicated] he can labor with the presumption that he labored [acting as if he were still in office] for me; he was deserted [and] decreed ",[1737,4002,1739],{}," those ejected, ministering, are deposed, since not ",[1737,4005,1739],{}," decreed with his own. Even the office or ",[1737,4008,1739],{},[1737,4010,1739],{},[1737,4012,1739],{},[1737,4014,1739],{},[1737,4016,1739],{}," he ejected him; iij. q. iij. c. ",[15,4019,4020],{},"Mliusus",", etc., the offices or the dignity of one who would not know him to be erected nor be a ",[1737,4023,1739],{},"; for which presumption he ought not ",[1737,4026,1739],{}," to be removed; otherwise to be ",[1737,4029,1739],{}," not first [established as] evil. Argument [the contrary?]; j. ec. ",[15,4032,4033],{},"P",[1737,4035,1739],{},[15,4037,4038],{},"Stetit","; chap. ",[1737,4041,1739],{},[15,4043,4044],{},"Sed eum de mirabile","; but those who help by hidden ",[1737,4047,1739],{}," munited [fortified] and the office not ",[1737,4050,1739],{}," presumed incautiously ",[1737,4053,1739],{},"; whether not ",[1737,4056,1739],{}," should not punish him nor believe him to be a ",[1737,4059,1739],{},[1737,4061,1739],{}," in memory [recently expelled] those whom ",[1737,4064,1739],{}," for caution to those who do not ",[1737,4067,1739],{}," should study from [i.e., be on guard]; argument xv. q. j. ",[1737,4070,1739],{}," q. j. ",[1737,4073,1739],{}," is solved ",[1737,4076,1739],{}," j. e. j. ",[15,4079,4080],{},"Cum ordinatus"," — the unworthy is not unworthily ",[1737,4083,1739],{}," j. q. j. ",[1737,4086,1739],{},[1737,4088,1739],{}," by the power of the one ordained, xxxv. [and] j. ",[15,4091,4092],{},"Cessati",[1737,4094,1739],{}," some thing; argument ",[1737,4097,1739],{}," of the bishop ",[1737,4100,1739],{},". But he is not ",[1737,4103,1739],{}," more or rather, not to be deposed. P[etrus the] ",[15,4106,4107],{},"ulati"," — when with the infirm one he was, the deed ",[1737,4110,1739],{}," of scandal. P[etrus] is not to be ",[1737,4113,1739],{}," not ",[1737,4116,1739],{},"; [concerning] the truly ordained P[etrus] ",[1737,4119,1739],{}," and scandal, and through this new ",[1737,4122,1739],{},"; and through merit [i.e., for the meritorious] he ought not ",[1737,4125,1739],{}," excited by colors [pretexts] he ought not ",[1737,4128,1739],{}," privately ",[1737,4131,1739],{}," them, nor ",[1737,4134,1739],{}," punishment if he should move the matter under coercion; as j. j. ",[15,4137,4138],{},"Principes"," — he speaks of fear, and [fear] of the prince ",[1737,4141,1739],{}," [the see] should be deprived through presumption ",[1737,4144,1739],{}," of death, not ",[1737,4147,1739],{},"; if he should compel [him] to die, even ",[1737,4150,1739],{},[1737,4152,1739],{},", as xxiij. q. j. ",[15,4155,4156],{},"Ita sua sponte",", q. j. ",[1737,4159,1739],{}," for fear at hand ",[1737,4162,1739],{},", to whom [fear comes] for those willingly besieged; argument ",[1737,4165,1739],{},[1737,4167,1739],{}," presumed at the inspection of the bishop ",[1737,4170,1739],{},".",{"title":36,"searchDepth":37,"depth":37,"links":4173},[],";;; concerning Stephanus ;;; diligently ;;; order ;;; does not deviate, as in many places he loved his brothers, since ;;; q. ;;;, where it is shown that this is more in accord with justice, since ;;;; and “by apostles” ;;; up to “to be received,” xij. q. ij. c. Si receptam; “j” up to vniuersa peticio; from ianuarium up to primo; ;;; door ;;; which never ;;; the case was to recount, against a despoiled ;;; whether proven. It does not suffice that he be moved [i.e., expelled] unless it be proven; argument vij. q. iiij. c. Nec, xv. q. iij. c. Per motam — not proven. He died because he was unwilling ;;; not to be deposed, because not ;;; Si quis moverit; and that the cause ;;; whether proven by the order of law, that is, by things [i.e., evidence] and instruments, so that he may evidently show the deed itself ;;;. Otherwise, as among the faithful ;;; to be treated and discussed, and not to be absent and summoned; argument j. e. [same causa] c. Si quis episcopus; j. e. q. xviij. c. Quoniam; the gloss ;;; of his ;;; holds otherwise. But it is not ;;; he should be led to deposition, xx. j. j. Sed episcopus; if his own leader [i.e., bishop] should approach for inspection ;;; if there be ;;; priests. ¶ The bishop, for the protection of his ;;;, as xxxvij. Placuit, that ;;;, as xj. q. ij. Placuit, that ;;; or when it is not done ;;;, as xv. q. j. Si quis de ordine ;;; commonly arise; as in xxxv. [c.] An, Omnino; as in ;;; Nullus; iij. q. j. Eo iudicio ;;; nor that another might move ;;;. j. xviij. Placuit — concerning the manner of proof and conviction ;;;; argument from the answer iij. and from Cum accusatus, and from [the case of one] to be ejected, since just as ;;; the deposed is not opposed ;;; j. e. — but it is not, as in Salarum iudice ;;; but it is not in the case Salarum ;;; of judging; argument ;;;. If indeed ;;; through ;;; official, ;;; not to be ;;; used ;;; in the same; or whether anyone accused ;;; who was not present [would not consent]; argument ;;;. And if any ;;; when another ;;; should attack them ;;; not himself ;;; Quieto, that ;;; q. v. [and] xxv. q. iiij. c. Gavisi sumus, that ;;; there is what [is] of his [i.e., the accused’s] presumption [that is] simoniacal — distinct [case]; but as it is, whether ;;; ready, P[etrus] instructed ;;;; whether the deed itself is [done] under the inscription [i.e., formal accusation] of the adversary, then yes [he is bound], otherwise no. But j. e. q. e., that he probably brings [evidence] for the one fighting on his behalf; j. e. q. j. Per violentam ;;; of the church they would lead, xxxv. q. j. c. Iniusto; [those who are] ejected are not freed [from being] in the despoiled state ;;;; not ;;; in the place; in the casual matter ;;; he should not begin to treat of the injury; j. e. Duo ;;; crilio; j. e. De executione, and concerning depositions by ;;;; argument ;;; in the deposed P[etrus] himself ought not to be ;;;; argument ;;; xxvij. b. that he is among the judged, on account of ;;; xv. q. j. Nec ;;; in the matter not moved [i.e., not yet adjudicated] he can labor with the presumption that he labored [acting as if he were still in office] for me; he was deserted [and] decreed ;;; those ejected, ministering, are deposed, since not ;;; decreed with his own. Even the office or ;;; not to be ;;;; not ;;; in ;;;; not ;;; he ejected him; iij. q. iij. c. Mliusus, etc., the offices or the dignity of one who would not know him to be erected nor be a ;;;; for which presumption he ought not ;;; to be removed; otherwise to be ;;; not first [established as] evil. Argument [the contrary?]; j. ec. P ;;; Stetit; chap. ;;;, Sed eum de mirabile; but those who help by hidden ;;; munited [fortified] and the office not ;;; presumed incautiously ;;;; whether not ;;; should not punish him nor believe him to be a ;;;; argument ;;; in memory [recently expelled] those whom ;;; for caution to those who do not ;;; should study from [i.e., be on guard]; argument xv. q. j. ;;; q. j. ;;; is solved ;;; j. e. j. Cum ordinatus — the unworthy is not unworthily ;;; j. q. j. ;;; ;;; by the power of the one ordained, xxxv. [and] j. Cessati ;;; some thing; argument ;;; of the bishop ;;;. But he is not ;;; more or rather, not to be deposed. P[etrus the] ulati — when with the infirm one he was, the deed ;;; of scandal. P[etrus] is not to be ;;; not ;;;; [concerning] the truly ordained P[etrus] ;;; and scandal, and through this new ;;;; and through merit [i.e., for the meritorious] he ought not ;;; excited by colors [pretexts] he ought not ;;; privately ;;; them, nor ;;; punishment if he should move the matter under coercion; as j. j. Principes — he speaks of fear, and [fear] of the prince ;;; [the see] should be deprived through presumption ;;; of death, not ;;;; if he should compel [him] to die, even ;;; not ;;;, as xxiij. q. j. Ita sua sponte, q. j. ;;; for fear at hand ;;;, to whom [fear comes] for those willingly besieged; argument ;;; ;;; presumed at the inspection of the bishop ;;;.",{},"\u002Freadings\u002Ftranslation\u002Fhuguccio-summa-causa-1\u002F117va",{"description":4174},"readings\u002Ftranslation\u002Fhuguccio-summa-causa-1\u002F117va","HHuc9Pugg8pWbMXsXdSDgv4ZWejRRvgm21V8Gugx1XU",{"id":4181,"title":1977,"body":4182,"description":4806,"extension":41,"meta":4807,"navigation":46,"page":1977,"path":4808,"pdf_page":1970,"reading":42,"seo":4809,"sortable_pagination_id":2007,"stem":4810,"__hash__":4811},"readingsTranslation\u002Freadings\u002Ftranslation\u002Fhuguccio-summa-causa-1\u002F117vb.md",{"type":8,"value":4183,"toc":4804},[4184,4675,4679],[11,4185,4186,4187,4189,4190,4192,4193,4195,4196,4198,4199,4114,4201,4203,4204,4206,4207,4209,4210,4212,4213,4215,4216,4218,4219,4221,4222,4224,4225,4227,4228,4230,4231,4233,4234,4236,4237,4239,4240,4243,4244,2216,4246,4248,4249,4251,4252,4254,4255,4251,4257,4259,4260,2081,4262,2081,4265,4267,4268,4270,4271,4273,4274,4276,4277,4039,4279,4282,4283,4285,4286,4288,4289,2081,4292,4294,4295,2081,4297,2081,4299,2081,4302,4304,4305,4307,4308,4311,4312,4314,4315,4317,4318,4320,4321,2081,4323,4114,4325,4327,4328,4330,4331,4114,4333,4335,4336,2081,4338,4340,4341,4343,4344,4346,4347,4349,4350,3984,4352,4354,4355,4357,4358,4361,4362,4364,4365,4367,4368,4370,4371,2081,4373,2081,4375,2081,4377,2081,4379,4114,4381,4383,4384,2081,4386,4388,4389,2081,4391,4114,4393,2081,4395,2081,4397,2081,4399,4114,4401,2081,4403,4405,4406,2081,4408,2081,4410,2081,4412,2081,4414,2081,4416,2081,4418,2081,4420,2081,4422,2081,4424,2081,4426,2081,4428,2081,4430,2081,4432,2081,4434,2081,4436,2081,4438,2081,4440,2081,4442,4444,4445,4447,4448,4114,4450,4114,4452,2081,4454,4456,4457,4114,4459,2081,4461,2081,4463,2081,4465,4467,4468,2081,4470,2081,4472,2081,4474,2081,4476,2081,4478,2081,4480,4114,4482,2081,4484,2081,4486,2081,4488,2081,4490,4492,4493,2081,4495,2081,4497,2081,4499,2081,4501,2081,4503,2081,4505,2081,4507,2081,4509,2081,4511,4513,4514,2081,4516,4114,4518,2081,4520,2081,4522,4114,4524,2081,4526,4114,4528,2081,4530,2081,4532,2081,4534,4114,4536,2081,4538,2081,4540,2081,4542,2081,4544,4546,4547,2081,4549,2081,4551,4114,4553,2081,4555,4114,4557,2081,4559,2081,4561,2081,4563,2081,4565,2081,4567,2081,4569,2081,4571,2081,4573,2081,4575,4114,4577,2081,4579,2081,4581,2081,4583,2081,4585,2081,4587,2081,4589,2081,4591,2081,4593,2081,4595,2081,4597,4114,4599,2081,4601,2081,4603,2081,4605,2081,4607,2081,4609,2081,4611,2081,4613,2081,4615,2081,4617,2081,4619,2081,4621,2081,4623,2081,4625,2081,4627,2081,4629,2081,4631,2081,4633,2081,4635,2081,4637,4114,4639,2081,4641,2081,4643,4114,4645,2081,4647,2081,4649,2081,4651,2081,4653,2081,4655,2081,4657,2081,4659,2081,4661,2081,4663,2081,4665,2081,4667,4114,4669,2081,4671,2081,4673,4171],{},"Argument concerning a just [or] unjust ejection — but as ought [the case] for the bishop, to delete by no means the matter ",[1737,4188,1739],{},", or rather by presumption, since it is more [likely] presumed harmful that the foolish bishop knew that man to have been justly ejected than the contrary ",[1737,4191,1739],{},"; for the doorkeeper [deposed] from the doorkeeper’s office, and [likewise from] the office of the bishop’s ",[1737,4194,1739],{},", it ought to be decreed that he was justly expelled. Otherwise, if P[etrus] ",[1737,4197,1739],{}," had not consented to the doorkeeper being deposed, as if he had not known ",[1737,4200,1739],{},[1737,4202,1739],{}," to be able to ",[1737,4205,1739],{}," evil ",[1737,4208,1739],{}," motivated ",[1737,4211,1739],{},"; argument xv. j. ",[1737,4214,1739],{},". But I hold that, with respect to the sentence ",[1737,4217,1739],{},", whether unjustly he shows ",[1737,4220,1739],{},", whether ",[1737,4223,1739],{}," or whether at the time he consents ",[1737,4226,1739],{},"; but ",[1737,4229,1739],{}," he committed ",[1737,4232,1739],{}," beforehand ",[1737,4235,1739],{},", to the penalty ",[1737,4238,1739],{}," and to presumption [? — ",[15,4241,4242],{},"ad presumptionem","] it should not differ to be sub ",[1737,4245,1739],{},[1737,4247,1739],{},", as for presumption [it is] more ",[1737,4250,1739],{}," for the ",[1737,4253,1739],{},", more ",[1737,4256,1739],{},[1737,4258,1739],{}," as ",[1737,4261,1739],{},[15,4263,4264],{},"stuprum",[1737,4266,1739],{}," tumult of various ",[1737,4269,1739],{}," he decreed ",[1737,4272,1739],{},"; reins yielded to bribes [i.e., he gave way to bribery]; argument ",[1737,4275,1739],{}," for which ",[1737,4278,1739],{},[15,4280,4281],{},"Episcopus"," [concerning] the abolishing inspection ",[1737,4284,1739],{},"; argument j. q. j. ",[1737,4287,1739],{},"; xxxv. q. iiij. c. ",[15,4290,4291],{},"De",[1737,4293,1739],{}," for that presumption ",[1737,4296,1739],{},[1737,4298,1739],{},[15,4300,4301],{},"machate",[1737,4303,1739],{}," thence reception [?] ",[1737,4306,1739],{}," to have decreed that man unjustly ejected. ",[15,4309,4310],{},"AD MALACHITANUM"," [To the Malachitan]: since ",[1737,4313,1739],{}," one ",[1737,4316,1739],{}," to be, not when others remain ",[1737,4319,1739],{}," not those ",[1737,4322,1739],{},[1737,4324,1739],{},[1737,4326,1739],{}," such that ",[1737,4329,1739],{}," presumed not ",[1737,4332,1739],{},[1737,4334,1739],{}," those before — to surrender. ",[1737,4337,1739],{},[1737,4339,1739],{}," dead ",[1737,4342,1739],{}," much, as ",[1737,4345,1739],{}," in the least ",[1737,4348,1739],{}," not before such ",[1737,4351,1739],{},[1737,4353,1739],{}," not, or upon his death, that one cannot ",[1737,4356,1739],{}," those, as xxxv. q. j. c. ",[15,4359,4360],{},"Relatum","; [that] other ",[1737,4363,1739],{}," he should procure that not ",[1737,4366,1739],{},"; not opposed [the canon] ",[1737,4369,1739],{}," whether ",[1737,4372,1739],{},[1737,4374,1739],{},[1737,4376,1739],{},[1737,4378,1739],{},[1737,4380,1739],{},[1737,4382,1739],{}," not by science [?]; ",[1737,4385,1739],{},[1737,4387,1739],{}," those ",[1737,4390,1739],{},[1737,4392,1739],{},[1737,4394,1739],{},[1737,4396,1739],{},[1737,4398,1739],{},[1737,4400,1739],{},[1737,4402,1739],{},[1737,4404,1739],{}," not before ",[1737,4407,1739],{},[1737,4409,1739],{},[1737,4411,1739],{},[1737,4413,1739],{},[1737,4415,1739],{},[1737,4417,1739],{},[1737,4419,1739],{},[1737,4421,1739],{},[1737,4423,1739],{},[1737,4425,1739],{},[1737,4427,1739],{},[1737,4429,1739],{},[1737,4431,1739],{},[1737,4433,1739],{},[1737,4435,1739],{},[1737,4437,1739],{},[1737,4439,1739],{},[1737,4441,1739],{},[1737,4443,1739],{}," also the office or ",[1737,4446,1739],{}," not to be not not ",[1737,4449,1739],{},[1737,4451,1739],{},[1737,4453,1739],{},[1737,4455,1739],{}," to those which ",[1737,4458,1739],{},[1737,4460,1739],{},[1737,4462,1739],{},[1737,4464,1739],{},[1737,4466,1739],{}," not presumed ",[1737,4469,1739],{},[1737,4471,1739],{},[1737,4473,1739],{},[1737,4475,1739],{},[1737,4477,1739],{},[1737,4479,1739],{},[1737,4481,1739],{},[1737,4483,1739],{},[1737,4485,1739],{},[1737,4487,1739],{},[1737,4489,1739],{},[1737,4491,1739],{}," commuted ",[1737,4494,1739],{},[1737,4496,1739],{},[1737,4498,1739],{},[1737,4500,1739],{},[1737,4502,1739],{},[1737,4504,1739],{},[1737,4506,1739],{},[1737,4508,1739],{},[1737,4510,1739],{},[1737,4512,1739],{}," for not ",[1737,4515,1739],{},[1737,4517,1739],{},[1737,4519,1739],{},[1737,4521,1739],{},[1737,4523,1739],{},[1737,4525,1739],{},[1737,4527,1739],{},[1737,4529,1739],{},[1737,4531,1739],{},[1737,4533,1739],{},[1737,4535,1739],{},[1737,4537,1739],{},[1737,4539,1739],{},[1737,4541,1739],{},[1737,4543,1739],{},[1737,4545,1739],{}," xxiij. j ",[1737,4548,1739],{},[1737,4550,1739],{},[1737,4552,1739],{},[1737,4554,1739],{},[1737,4556,1739],{},[1737,4558,1739],{},[1737,4560,1739],{},[1737,4562,1739],{},[1737,4564,1739],{},[1737,4566,1739],{},[1737,4568,1739],{},[1737,4570,1739],{},[1737,4572,1739],{},[1737,4574,1739],{},[1737,4576,1739],{},[1737,4578,1739],{},[1737,4580,1739],{},[1737,4582,1739],{},[1737,4584,1739],{},[1737,4586,1739],{},[1737,4588,1739],{},[1737,4590,1739],{},[1737,4592,1739],{},[1737,4594,1739],{},[1737,4596,1739],{},[1737,4598,1739],{},[1737,4600,1739],{},[1737,4602,1739],{},[1737,4604,1739],{},[1737,4606,1739],{},[1737,4608,1739],{},[1737,4610,1739],{},[1737,4612,1739],{},[1737,4614,1739],{},[1737,4616,1739],{},[1737,4618,1739],{},[1737,4620,1739],{},[1737,4622,1739],{},[1737,4624,1739],{},[1737,4626,1739],{},[1737,4628,1739],{},[1737,4630,1739],{},[1737,4632,1739],{},[1737,4634,1739],{},[1737,4636,1739],{},[1737,4638,1739],{},[1737,4640,1739],{},[1737,4642,1739],{},[1737,4644,1739],{},[1737,4646,1739],{},[1737,4648,1739],{},[1737,4650,1739],{},[1737,4652,1739],{},[1737,4654,1739],{},[1737,4656,1739],{},[1737,4658,1739],{},[1737,4660,1739],{},[1737,4662,1739],{},[1737,4664,1739],{},[1737,4666,1739],{},[1737,4668,1739],{},[1737,4670,1739],{},[1737,4672,1739],{},[1737,4674,1739],{},[11,4676,4677],{},[1737,4678,1739],{},[11,4680,4681,4682,4685,4686,4689,4690,2081,4692,4270,4694,2081,4696,4698,4699,4701,4702,4704,4705,4707,4708,4114,4710,4712,4713,2081,4715,4717,4718,4114,4720,4722,4723,4114,4725,4727,4728,4114,4730,4732,4733,4736,4737,4740,4741,4744,4745,4748,4749,4752,4753,4756,4757,4759,4760,4762,4763,4765,4766,4769,4770,3829,4773,4775,4776,4779,4780,2081,4782,4784,4785,2081,4787,4790,4791,4794,4795,4797,4798,2081,4800,4803],{},"Argument iiij. q. iij. c. ",[15,4683,4684],{},"Testium","; perhaps see j. e. ",[15,4687,4688],{},"Ut testes","; j. xxv. q. v. j. j ",[1737,4691,1739],{},[1737,4693,1739],{},[1737,4695,1739],{},[1737,4697,1739],{}," that witnesses ought to give testimony in the present ",[1737,4700,1739],{}," in usury [?] ",[1737,4703,1739],{},". j. j. j. they ought to swear ",[1737,4706,1739],{}," with God ",[1737,4709,1739],{},[1737,4711,1739],{}," j. ",[1737,4714,1739],{},[1737,4716,1739],{}," in stations [i.e., posts\u002Fpositions] ",[1737,4719,1739],{},[1737,4721,1739],{}," is not ",[1737,4724,1739],{},[1737,4726,1739],{}," j. q. ",[1737,4729,1739],{},[1737,4731,1739],{}," j. one sworn ought to bear testimony; argument j. e. q. iiij. c. ",[15,4734,4735],{},"Nullam","; iij. q. viiij. ",[15,4738,4739],{},"Notari","; q. iij. ",[15,4742,4743],{},"Mlirij"," [?] ",[15,4746,4747],{},"viuidi","; xxxv. q. v. ",[15,4750,4751],{},"Notitiam"," — [the witness] departs [?] [from] the church; etc., ",[15,4754,4755],{},"Fraternaliter"," [?]. Otherwise ",[1737,4758,1739],{}," [seven] j. [concerning] the accuser ",[1737,4761,1739],{}," according to seven [? [witnesses]] otherwise ",[1737,4764,1739],{}," to be received; j. ",[15,4767,4768],{},"Revertit"," [?] j. e. q. viiij. e. j. iiij. ",[15,4771,4772],{},"Leticia",[1737,4774,1739],{}," the lawful indictment [was given] to a certain man — xxv. j. q. j. iij. ",[15,4777,4778],{},"Amici","; q. v. j. ",[1737,4781,1739],{},[1737,4783,1739],{}," copious. For in famished ",[1737,4786,1739],{},[15,4788,4789],{},"male"," [badly] [the law] does not admit to accusation or testimony; as iij. q. v. ",[15,4792,4793],{},"Constituta","; but at q. e. [in the same question] it is prohibited ",[1737,4796,1739],{}," q. v. j. q. ",[1737,4799,1739],{},[15,4801,4802],{},"Heredi"," [?] e.",{"title":36,"searchDepth":37,"depth":37,"links":4805},[],"Argument concerning a just [or] unjust ejection — but as ought [the case] for the bishop, to delete by no means the matter ;;;, or rather by presumption, since it is more [likely] presumed harmful that the foolish bishop knew that man to have been justly ejected than the contrary ;;;; for the doorkeeper [deposed] from the doorkeeper’s office, and [likewise from] the office of the bishop’s ;;;, it ought to be decreed that he was justly expelled. Otherwise, if P[etrus] ;;; had not consented to the doorkeeper being deposed, as if he had not known ;;; not ;;; to be able to ;;; evil ;;; motivated ;;;; argument xv. j. ;;;. But I hold that, with respect to the sentence ;;;, whether unjustly he shows ;;;, whether ;;; or whether at the time he consents ;;;; but ;;; he committed ;;; beforehand ;;;, to the penalty ;;; and to presumption [? — ad presumptionem] it should not differ to be sub ;;; in ;;;, as for presumption [it is] more ;;; for the ;;;, more ;;; for the ;;; as ;;; stuprum ;;; tumult of various ;;; he decreed ;;;; reins yielded to bribes [i.e., he gave way to bribery]; argument ;;; for which ;;;; chap. Episcopus [concerning] the abolishing inspection ;;;; argument j. q. j. ;;;; xxxv. q. iiij. c. De ;;; for that presumption ;;; ;;; machate ;;; thence reception [?] ;;; to have decreed that man unjustly ejected. AD MALACHITANUM [To the Malachitan]: since ;;; one ;;; to be, not when others remain ;;; not those ;;; ;;; not ;;; such that ;;; presumed not ;;; not ;;; those before — to surrender. ;;; ;;; dead ;;; much, as ;;; in the least ;;; not before such ;;;; argument ;;; not, or upon his death, that one cannot ;;; those, as xxxv. q. j. c. Relatum; [that] other ;;; he should procure that not ;;;; not opposed [the canon] ;;; whether ;;; ;;; ;;; ;;; ;;; not ;;; not by science [?]; ;;; ;;; those ;;; ;;; not ;;; ;;; ;;; ;;; not ;;; ;;; not before ;;; ;;; ;;; ;;; ;;; ;;; ;;; ;;; ;;; ;;; ;;; ;;; ;;; ;;; ;;; ;;; ;;; ;;; ;;; also the office or ;;; not to be not not ;;; not ;;; not ;;; ;;; to those which ;;; not ;;; ;;; ;;; ;;; not presumed ;;; ;;; ;;; ;;; ;;; ;;; ;;; not ;;; ;;; ;;; ;;; ;;; commuted ;;; ;;; ;;; ;;; ;;; ;;; ;;; ;;; ;;; ;;; for not ;;; ;;; not ;;; ;;; ;;; not ;;; ;;; not ;;; ;;; ;;; ;;; not ;;; ;;; ;;; ;;; ;;; xxiij. j ;;; ;;; ;;; not ;;; ;;; not ;;; ;;; ;;; ;;; ;;; ;;; ;;; ;;; ;;; ;;; not ;;; ;;; ;;; ;;; ;;; ;;; ;;; ;;; ;;; ;;; ;;; not ;;; ;;; ;;; ;;; ;;; ;;; ;;; ;;; ;;; ;;; ;;; ;;; ;;; ;;; ;;; ;;; ;;; ;;; ;;; ;;; not ;;; ;;; ;;; not ;;; ;;; ;;; ;;; ;;; ;;; ;;; ;;; ;;; ;;; ;;; ;;; not ;;; ;;; ;;;.",{},"\u002Freadings\u002Ftranslation\u002Fhuguccio-summa-causa-1\u002F117vb",{"description":4806},"readings\u002Ftranslation\u002Fhuguccio-summa-causa-1\u002F117vb","5AYoc4PRzE8vuSA17YQGH-V3BSPixHB-tde8PYu1NGo",{"id":4813,"title":2012,"body":4814,"description":4980,"extension":41,"meta":4981,"navigation":46,"page":2012,"path":4982,"pdf_page":2028,"reading":42,"seo":4983,"sortable_pagination_id":2030,"stem":4984,"__hash__":4985},"readingsTranslation\u002Freadings\u002Ftranslation\u002Fhuguccio-summa-causa-1\u002F118ra.md",{"type":8,"value":4815,"toc":4978},[4816],[11,4817,4818,4819,4822,4823,4826,4827,4830,4831,4834,4835,4838,4839,4842,4843,4846,4847,4850,4851,4854,4855,4858,4859,4862,4863,4866,4867,4869,4870,4872,4873,4876,4877,4880,4881,4883,4884,4886,4887,4889,4890,4893,4894,4896,4897,4899,4900,4902,4903,4905,4906,4908,4909,4911,4912,4914,4915,4917,4918,4920,4921,4923,4924,4927,4928,4930,4931,4934,4935,4938,4939,4941,4942,4722,4944,4946,4947,4949,4950,4952,4953,4955,4956,2081,4959,4961,4962,4964,4965,4967,4968,4970,4971,4930,4973,2081,4976],{},"[They are barred from giving] testimony, and they exclude accusers, as in C.3 q.3 ",[15,4820,4821],{},"Fratres",", and [the canon on] ",[15,4824,4825],{},"qui testium"," [in] C.4 q.3, ",[15,4828,4829],{},"Testium debet esse",": that one must have at least bona-fide witnesses. They exclude [witnesses suborned] by gold, as in the same question, since they prohibit [hostile testimony when] enmities exist and no reconciliation has intervened. For an enemy is barred both as witness and as accuser, and likewise as judge, as in C.3 q.4 ",[15,4832,4833],{},"Accusator",". [Witnesses] suspect to the accuser are barred, since the testimony of one who is suspect ought not to be received, as in C.3 q.5 ",[15,4836,4837],{},"Quattuor"," [and the c.] ",[15,4840,4841],{},"Testes","; nor [are witnesses received] in matters of consanguinity and the like, as in C.35 q.6 ",[15,4844,4845],{},"De parentela",", and C.3 q.9 ",[15,4848,4849],{},"Nichil",", q.1 ",[15,4852,4853],{},"Praesertim",". That is, those who were present at the deed or word, or who specifically — that is, by specifying and assigning the times, reasons, and circumstances of their statements — [may testify]; otherwise it is not enough for witnesses simply to say “we know” or “we saw.” Each must indicate how he came to know, the place and time and other circumstances of the matter, by setting forth in detail what is found in such cases, as in C.13 q.3 ",[15,4856,4857],{},"Sola",". If the sentence of a judge is to be put in writing, it ought to be given in writing, and it ought not be retracted casually but only with the other party present and concurring; otherwise it is of no effect — unless perhaps both parties voluntarily proceed without writing. C.6 q.6 ",[15,4860,4861],{},"Caveant omnia abesse",". “Absent” — supply: the aforesaid solemnities. For unless such solemnities have been observed, the sentence is invalid, unless it is still retractable by the remedy of appeal. By holding to all these things, the sentence stands. To this end [the canon] is that whatever was done against these [forms] should be revoked as void; for it sufficed that these men had been expelled and deposed by judges who were not their own — indeed by men suspect and hostile — and it sufficed that what had been done by the bishops, expelled and deposed without permission [was void], since this is not lawful. C.3 q.1 ",[15,4864,4865],{},"Accusator quidam dudum",". And I say that, because he saw that what had been done could not be undone — whatever the truth might be — on account of scandal and fear, he therefore dissimulated against those who were against [the brothers] and permitted that the sentence should remain in force, lest scandal arise ",[1737,4868,1739],{},", so that if a cause for deposition were found in them ",[1737,4871,1739],{}," of the order [of law], their deposition would by law have been valid, and the cause of scandal removed. As in C.15 q.6 ",[15,4874,4875],{},"Si quando"," and q.6 ",[15,4878,4879],{},"Apre",", since unless he found [a cause] no prince would have molested him if he had revoked the deed. And whatever was done ",[1737,4882,1739],{}," more strictly was done with the order of law or with full notice given of the judicial order, in which the judicial order is more fully set forth and assigned. But if perhaps ",[1737,4885,1739],{}," one falls short on one head and seeks to be heard on another, see C.1 q.1 ",[15,4888,3828],{},": those who fail in the first head are not to be admitted to others. [I] subjoin that this accuser is not to be admitted. In what follows etc., add the gloss: that is, the sentence — that those who fail in the lesser [matter] should be punished up to the greater. C.3 q.10 ",[15,4891,4892],{},"De renitentibus",". “Innocent” — supply: especially. And if a guilty man comes forward, nevertheless his offense should not ",[1737,4895,1739],{},". So many laws are joined that even the guilty appear innocent. And if the guilty man ",[1737,4898,1739],{}," is bound to him whom ",[1737,4901,1739],{}," you compel to restore, having greater authority over him, or otherwise. But ",[1737,4904,1739],{}," since it is permitted to the chapter, and so ",[1737,4907,1739],{}," of the same dignity. As above the same of the man, in C.15 q.6 ",[15,4910,4845],{},". But ",[1737,4913,1739],{}," when the order [of law] [is observed]. Since the chapter has treated of these things, and since the head is ",[1737,4916,1739],{},", now [set forth] the law. [He] willed to put the concordance in ",[1737,4919,1739],{}," holy, since not in his words ",[1737,4922,1739],{}," one head until the place of the laws — close to the prolixity in many places. [He] introduces it thus: [crime] of majesty. He argues that sacrilege is a public injury, since it is so, and that the sacrilegious person, after the manner of one who has committed the injury of ",[15,4925,4926],{},"lèse-majesté",", ought to be punished ",[1737,4929,1739],{},". ",[15,4932,4933],{},"Ne, h(omo) o(mnis) m(o)nicisio",". Since he was unwilling to put the whole law in his chapter ",[15,4936,4937],{},"Nuntius",", namely “Neither a new judgment nor an alien tribunal.” ",[1737,4940,1739],{}," suffices for his [purpose] ",[1737,4943,1739],{},[1737,4945,1739],{}," to argue from the contrary sense, since the lord did not will ",[1737,4948,1739],{}," that to an alien judgment neither the consent of the judge nor the metropolitan nor the patriarch [suffices]. That is, this is the argument from the contrary sense: for if ",[1737,4951,1739],{}," not by themselves ",[1737,4954,1739],{}," from them [may] be deposed; he can indeed be examined by them, but not finally judged without the mandate of the lord pope, as in C.6 q.6 ",[15,4957,4958],{},"Quod uis",[1737,4960,1739],{}," by complaint. ",[1737,4963,1739],{}," perhaps ",[1737,4966,1739],{},". For he ought [to be heard] before sentence; for he was judged by his own judge ",[1737,4969,1739],{},". Since that [sentence] did not stand, having been pronounced by a judge not his own, who was already suspect and ",[1737,4972,1739],{},[15,4974,4975],{},"P(rius) an(te) suorum",[1737,4977,1739],{},{"title":36,"searchDepth":37,"depth":37,"links":4979},[],"[They are barred from giving] testimony, and they exclude accusers, as in C.3 q.3 Fratres, and [the canon on] qui testium [in] C.4 q.3, Testium debet esse: that one must have at least bona-fide witnesses. They exclude [witnesses suborned] by gold, as in the same question, since they prohibit [hostile testimony when] enmities exist and no reconciliation has intervened. For an enemy is barred both as witness and as accuser, and likewise as judge, as in C.3 q.4 Accusator. [Witnesses] suspect to the accuser are barred, since the testimony of one who is suspect ought not to be received, as in C.3 q.5 Quattuor [and the c.] Testes; nor [are witnesses received] in matters of consanguinity and the like, as in C.35 q.6 De parentela, and C.3 q.9 Nichil, q.1 Praesertim. That is, those who were present at the deed or word, or who specifically — that is, by specifying and assigning the times, reasons, and circumstances of their statements — [may testify]; otherwise it is not enough for witnesses simply to say “we know” or “we saw.” Each must indicate how he came to know, the place and time and other circumstances of the matter, by setting forth in detail what is found in such cases, as in C.13 q.3 Sola. If the sentence of a judge is to be put in writing, it ought to be given in writing, and it ought not be retracted casually but only with the other party present and concurring; otherwise it is of no effect — unless perhaps both parties voluntarily proceed without writing. C.6 q.6 Caveant omnia abesse. “Absent” — supply: the aforesaid solemnities. For unless such solemnities have been observed, the sentence is invalid, unless it is still retractable by the remedy of appeal. By holding to all these things, the sentence stands. To this end [the canon] is that whatever was done against these [forms] should be revoked as void; for it sufficed that these men had been expelled and deposed by judges who were not their own — indeed by men suspect and hostile — and it sufficed that what had been done by the bishops, expelled and deposed without permission [was void], since this is not lawful. C.3 q.1 Accusator quidam dudum. And I say that, because he saw that what had been done could not be undone — whatever the truth might be — on account of scandal and fear, he therefore dissimulated against those who were against [the brothers] and permitted that the sentence should remain in force, lest scandal arise ;;;, so that if a cause for deposition were found in them ;;; of the order [of law], their deposition would by law have been valid, and the cause of scandal removed. As in C.15 q.6 Si quando and q.6 Apre, since unless he found [a cause] no prince would have molested him if he had revoked the deed. And whatever was done ;;; more strictly was done with the order of law or with full notice given of the judicial order, in which the judicial order is more fully set forth and assigned. But if perhaps ;;; one falls short on one head and seeks to be heard on another, see C.1 q.1 Placuit: those who fail in the first head are not to be admitted to others. [I] subjoin that this accuser is not to be admitted. In what follows etc., add the gloss: that is, the sentence — that those who fail in the lesser [matter] should be punished up to the greater. C.3 q.10 De renitentibus. “Innocent” — supply: especially. And if a guilty man comes forward, nevertheless his offense should not ;;;. So many laws are joined that even the guilty appear innocent. And if the guilty man ;;; is bound to him whom ;;; you compel to restore, having greater authority over him, or otherwise. But ;;; since it is permitted to the chapter, and so ;;; of the same dignity. As above the same of the man, in C.15 q.6 De parentela. But ;;; when the order [of law] [is observed]. Since the chapter has treated of these things, and since the head is ;;;, now [set forth] the law. [He] willed to put the concordance in ;;; holy, since not in his words ;;; one head until the place of the laws — close to the prolixity in many places. [He] introduces it thus: [crime] of majesty. He argues that sacrilege is a public injury, since it is so, and that the sacrilegious person, after the manner of one who has committed the injury of lèse-majesté, ought to be punished ;;;. Ne, h(omo) o(mnis) m(o)nicisio. Since he was unwilling to put the whole law in his chapter Nuntius, namely “Neither a new judgment nor an alien tribunal.” ;;; suffices for his [purpose] ;;; is not ;;; to argue from the contrary sense, since the lord did not will ;;; that to an alien judgment neither the consent of the judge nor the metropolitan nor the patriarch [suffices]. That is, this is the argument from the contrary sense: for if ;;; not by themselves ;;; from them [may] be deposed; he can indeed be examined by them, but not finally judged without the mandate of the lord pope, as in C.6 q.6 Quod uis ;;; by complaint. ;;; perhaps ;;;. For he ought [to be heard] before sentence; for he was judged by his own judge ;;;. Since that [sentence] did not stand, having been pronounced by a judge not his own, who was already suspect and ;;;. P(rius) an(te) suorum ;;;",{},"\u002Freadings\u002Ftranslation\u002Fhuguccio-summa-causa-1\u002F118ra",{"description":4980},"readings\u002Ftranslation\u002Fhuguccio-summa-causa-1\u002F118ra","7rwRZSL0TBBSR3jIHbgJtq9o73UCzbm3BtE8Hu-BwEY",{"id":4987,"title":2035,"body":4988,"description":5319,"extension":41,"meta":5320,"navigation":46,"page":2035,"path":5321,"pdf_page":2028,"reading":42,"seo":5322,"sortable_pagination_id":2052,"stem":5323,"__hash__":5324},"readingsTranslation\u002Freadings\u002Ftranslation\u002Fhuguccio-summa-causa-1\u002F118rb.md",{"type":8,"value":4989,"toc":5317},[4990,5115,5199],[11,4991,4992,4994,4995,4998,4999,5001,5002,5004,5005,5007,5008,5010,5011,5014,5015,5017,5018,5020,5021,5024,5025,5028,5029,5032,5033,2081,5036,2081,5038,5041,5042,5045,5046,5048,5049,5051,5052,5054,5055,5057,5058,5060,5061,5063,5064,4930,5066,5069,5070,5073,5074,5076,5077,5080,5081,5083,5084,5086,5087,2081,5089,2081,5091,5093,5094,5097,5098,5101,5102,5105,5106,5108,5109,5112,5113,4171],{},[1737,4993,1739],{}," he ought to have, as in C.3 q.3 ",[15,4996,4997],{},"Illud",". It follows: that those who are not received as witnesses for the accuser [generally] are received in excepted cases — namely the crime of ",[15,5000,4926],{},", or the crime of simony, or of heresy — even those of lesser repute, infamous [persons], judges, and laymen. For against clerics, even infamous slaves, and such persons are received in these cases. But concerning clerics, distinguish: whether they have been of bad reputation hitherto. Up to this point, that it appear probable that they committed such things, ",[1737,5003,1739],{},"; for these are received [as evidence] that he should be accused or that testimony [should be given] by such, like laymen, if up to this point they have been of good reputation; but [if] it does not appear that they committed such things, they are not received in these cases. For ",[1737,5006,1739],{}," are not received ",[1737,5009,1739],{},". Likewise it is collected from C.90 q.1 ",[15,5012,5013],{},"Accusatorum",", an argument that, that ",[1737,5016,1739],{}," life ",[1737,5019,1739],{},". [The argument] ",[15,5022,5023],{},"Item"," judges, an argument from D.28 ",[15,5026,5027],{},"Quia stetisti",", l.11 ",[15,5030,5031],{},"Mirum",", and C.1 q.7 ",[15,5034,5035],{},"Iam",[1737,5037,1739],{},[15,5039,5040],{},"Si absente",": that witnesses ought [not] to be absent, with the adversary not receiving [them] — argument from C.3 q.4 ",[15,5043,5044],{},"Omnia caute",": that there should be a corporal examination, insofar as in C.3 q.6 ",[15,5047,4821],{}," and others. ",[1737,5050,1739],{}," he [should not] declare, nor [give] sentence, ",[1737,5053,1739],{}," perhaps in particular he should speak of the heads, so that they may be amended ",[1737,5056,1739],{}," nothing, and ",[1737,5059,1739],{}," should be a law in which is contained the burden, by setting forth a chapter and subjoining the law. The whole ",[1737,5062,1739],{}," of the cause ",[1737,5065,1739],{},[15,5067,5068],{},"Sententiis exinde retractandis"," — that is, since they retract what they have presided over. ",[15,5071,5072],{},"Predam subeunt"," — that is, since by the moment of ",[1737,5075,1739],{}," and by the law itself [the sentence] is null. ",[15,5078,5079],{},"Reddendor"," — that is, exceeding the law in ",[1737,5082,1739],{},", in ",[1737,5085,1739],{}," hopes ",[1737,5088,1739],{},[1737,5090,1739],{},[1737,5092,1739],{}," souls. [On the] ",[15,5095,5096],{},"De septi recurrere",". He has it valid and confirmed, that is, with respect to retractation, ",[15,5099,5100],{},"septi"," — that is, by retracting ",[15,5103,5104],{},"septu"," — that is, the sentence given ",[1737,5107,1739],{}," — that is, in his own complaint, since he is condemned, lest there be the burden of appeal; and yet in many places it is found that customs are different in such matters. And ",[15,5110,5111],{},"vestium"," of the church it receives in writing ",[1737,5114,1739],{},[11,5116,5117,5118,5120,5121,5123,5124,5126,5127,5129,5130,5132,5133,5135,5136,5138,5139,2081,5141,5144,5145,5148,5149,5151,5152,5154,5155,5157,5158,5161,5162,5164,5165,5167,5168,2081,5171,5173,5174,5176,5177,5180,5181,2081,5183,5186,5187,5190,5191,5193,5194,5196,5197,4171],{},"[On the laws to be observed]: that in accusation and recitation ",[1737,5119,1739],{}," of the law ",[1737,5122,1739],{}," another archbishop ",[1737,5125,1739],{}," he is bound. It must be known ",[1737,5128,1739],{}," of the master, that is, that the judicial order is to be [observed], since the judicial order pertains to such matters: that the accusation should be made by writing, and the ",[1737,5131,1739],{}," of writings of acts should be done ",[1737,5134,1739],{}," of the judges, that is, in writing — concerning these things he opens up ",[1737,5137,1739],{},". He proceeds to baptism ",[1737,5140,1739],{},[15,5142,5143],{},"unde",", as in D.9 c. ",[15,5146,5147],{},"Baptizati",", D.9 c. ",[1737,5150,1739],{}," since ",[1737,5153,1739],{}," should observe [the rule] not ",[1737,5156,1739],{}," but in general. C.4 q.6 ",[15,5159,5160],{},"Vbi abundat",". To the highest, do your prayer — that is, the elected episcopate. That ",[1737,5163,1739],{}," of his choice ",[1737,5166,1739],{},". D.63 ",[15,5169,5170],{},"Quod tor",[1737,5172,1739],{}," from the fathers — cautions ",[1737,5175,1739],{}," that the highest authority should be of clerics. As in C.10 q.2 ",[15,5178,5179],{},"Pia"," — that if he wished to forbid [him] coming to them obviating [him] ",[1737,5182,1739],{},[15,5184,5185],{},"Mibrunu"," C.27 q.1 ",[15,5188,5189],{},"Vere venirent"," in the Council of Carthage. [That] if anyone of those of his profession should come, even Aipe will hold him by honor ",[1737,5192,1739],{},"; he will not then be deceived, that he should be of those, and let him be confirmed by ",[1737,5195,1739],{}," the witnesses ",[1737,5198,1739],{},[11,5200,5201,5202,5204,5205,5207,5208,2081,5211,5213,5214,2081,5216,5219,5220,5222,5223,2081,5226,5228,5229,4930,5232,5235,5236,5239,5240,5242,5243,5246,5247,5250,5251,5254,5255,5258,5259,4930,5262,5265,5266,5269,5270,4930,5273,5276,5277,5280,5281,5284,5285,5287,5288,5290,5291,5294,5295,151,5298,5301,5302,5305,5306,4930,5309,2081,5312,4930,5314],{},"[Of one ordained]: of one who was ordained ",[1737,5203,1739],{}," who was preaching ",[1737,5206,1739],{}," and was receiving letters from his ordainer, lest he doubt of his ordination. C.2 q.2 ",[15,5209,5210],{},"Sic",[1737,5212,1739],{},". Now you should observe ",[1737,5215,1739],{},[15,5217,5218],{},"Erarius"," — that if some of the recommended letters ",[1737,5221,1739],{},", as in D.1 ",[15,5224,5225],{},"Ratheonti",[1737,5227,1739],{}," another of the ",[15,5230,5231],{},"Dismarinos",[15,5233,5234],{},"Excessu"," — supply: with thunder. That [",[15,5237,5238],{},"ad excommunicationem","] — to excommunication, lest for an undue thing which has been ",[1737,5241,1739],{}," he be subjected. As in C.1 q.4 ",[15,5244,5245],{},"Quod de adulterio"," — that even concerning marriage [these] are not customary, otherwise as C.30 q.5 ",[15,5248,5249],{},"Aliter accusari",". As in C.1 q.6 ",[15,5252,5253],{},"Vle."," c.1 ",[15,5256,5257],{},"Excommunicat",". As in C.24 q.1 ",[15,5260,5261],{},"Miratus",[15,5263,5264],{},"Reconciliat"," — as in C.11 q.4 ",[15,5267,5268],{},"Cure debet",", and C.34 q.3 ",[15,5271,5272],{},"Tinguis deportandum",[15,5274,5275],{},"Accuari uel ex edita commonitorio"," — concerning the union, with the defender added, that is, in a letter, before they should warn. As in C.31 q.2 ",[15,5278,5279],{},"Lotarius"," — that the ",[15,5282,5283],{},"commonitorium"," was a letter sent first. The chapter ",[1737,5286,1739],{}," which establish, and so ",[1737,5289,1739],{}," in their writings, set forth — that is, by confession. As in C.32 q.1 ",[15,5292,5293],{},"Vidua",", C.32 q.1 ",[15,5296,5297],{},"Quicumque institutum",[15,5299,5300],{},"Expostulare",". As in D.27 ",[15,5303,5304],{},"Si positus illegitime",". As in D.90 ",[15,5307,5308],{},"Mobauaam",[15,5310,5311],{},"S a.mamuaūigui ce dex",[1737,5313,1739],{},[15,5315,5316],{},"Abatet",{"title":36,"searchDepth":37,"depth":37,"links":5318},[],";;; he ought to have, as in C.3 q.3 Illud. It follows: that those who are not received as witnesses for the accuser [generally] are received in excepted cases — namely the crime of lèse-majesté, or the crime of simony, or of heresy — even those of lesser repute, infamous [persons], judges, and laymen. For against clerics, even infamous slaves, and such persons are received in these cases. But concerning clerics, distinguish: whether they have been of bad reputation hitherto. Up to this point, that it appear probable that they committed such things, ;;;; for these are received [as evidence] that he should be accused or that testimony [should be given] by such, like laymen, if up to this point they have been of good reputation; but [if] it does not appear that they committed such things, they are not received in these cases. For ;;; are not received ;;;. Likewise it is collected from C.90 q.1 Accusatorum, an argument that, that ;;; life ;;;. [The argument] Item judges, an argument from D.28 Quia stetisti, l.11 Mirum, and C.1 q.7 Iam ;;; Si absente: that witnesses ought [not] to be absent, with the adversary not receiving [them] — argument from C.3 q.4 Omnia caute: that there should be a corporal examination, insofar as in C.3 q.6 Fratres and others. ;;; he [should not] declare, nor [give] sentence, ;;; perhaps in particular he should speak of the heads, so that they may be amended ;;; nothing, and ;;; should be a law in which is contained the burden, by setting forth a chapter and subjoining the law. The whole ;;; of the cause ;;;. Sententiis exinde retractandis — that is, since they retract what they have presided over. Predam subeunt — that is, since by the moment of ;;; and by the law itself [the sentence] is null. Reddendor — that is, exceeding the law in ;;;, in ;;; hopes ;;; ;;; ;;; souls. [On the] De septi recurrere. He has it valid and confirmed, that is, with respect to retractation, septi — that is, by retracting septu — that is, the sentence given ;;; — that is, in his own complaint, since he is condemned, lest there be the burden of appeal; and yet in many places it is found that customs are different in such matters. And vestium of the church it receives in writing ;;;.",{},"\u002Freadings\u002Ftranslation\u002Fhuguccio-summa-causa-1\u002F118rb",{"description":5319},"readings\u002Ftranslation\u002Fhuguccio-summa-causa-1\u002F118rb","PBZPiy1PTeibXyK0aYODUaQX8aCHdy1H3yVteuTndm0",{"id":5326,"title":2057,"body":5327,"description":5927,"extension":41,"meta":5928,"navigation":46,"page":2057,"path":5929,"pdf_page":2667,"reading":42,"seo":5930,"sortable_pagination_id":2669,"stem":5931,"__hash__":5932},"readingsTranslation\u002Freadings\u002Ftranslation\u002Fhuguccio-summa-causa-1\u002F118va.md",{"type":8,"value":5328,"toc":5923},[5329,5558,5562,5798,5802],[11,5330,5331,5333,5334,5337,5338,5340,5341,5343,5344,2081,5346,5348,5349,5351,5352,2081,5354,2081,5356,5358,5359,2081,5361,5363,5364,2081,5366,5368,5369,5371,5372,5374,5375,5377,5378,2081,5380,5382,5383,5385,5386,2081,5389,5391,5392,5394,5395,5397,5398,5400,5401,2081,5403,2081,5405,5407,5408,2081,5410,5412,5413,5415,5416,5418,5419,2081,5421,2081,5423,5425,5426,5428,5429,5431,5432,5434,5435,2081,5437,2081,5439,5441,5442,5444,5445,2081,5447,2081,5449,5451,5452,2081,5454,2081,5456,2081,5458,5460,5461,5463,5464,2081,5466,5468,5469,5471,5472,2081,5474,2216,5476,2081,5478,2081,5480,2081,5482,2081,5484,2081,5486,5488,5489,5491,5492,2081,5494,2081,5496,5498,5499,4964,5501,2081,5503,2081,5505,5507,5508,2081,5510,2081,5512,2081,5514,2081,5516,5518,5519,2274,5521,5523,5524,2081,5526,2081,5528,5530,5531,2081,5533,2081,5535,2081,5537,2081,5539,5541,5542,5545,5546,5545,5549,5552,5553,2081,5555,5557],{},[1737,5332,1739],{}," the archbishop of Tours, on the accusation and at the suggestion of certain persons, demanded from him certain things which he did not wish ",[1737,5335,5336],{},"to grant"," through him ",[1737,5339,1739],{}," they themselves received from another bishop, from whom; and the archbishop, presuming that he would not stand by his own status nor ",[1737,5342,1739],{}," shown ",[1737,5345,1739],{},[1737,5347,1739],{}," to others ",[1737,5350,1739],{}," he yielded ",[1737,5353,1739],{},[1737,5355,1739],{},[1737,5357,1739],{}," to the lord himself he was restored as archbishop ",[1737,5360,1739],{},[1737,5362,1739],{}," of the church ",[1737,5365,1739],{},[1737,5367,1739],{}," which was to hear his own ",[1737,5370,1739],{}," according to the order of law ",[1737,5373,1739],{}," this one ",[1737,5376,1739],{}," now restores; but, the cause having been examined ",[1737,5379,1739],{},[1737,5381,1739],{}," does not admit ",[1737,5384,1739],{}," he commands that he restore him to him whether he has applied to the see from him or has not applied. These ",[1737,5387,5388],{},"things",[1737,5390,1739],{}," because ",[1737,5393,1739],{}," are remitted; the accusation must be admitted by a bishop of the cause when it has not been omitted ",[1737,5396,1739],{}," I have often appealed; the appellant must be admitted ",[1737,5399,1739],{}," unwilling ",[1737,5402,1739],{},[1737,5404,1739],{},[1737,5406,1739],{}," he should find, let him proceed ",[1737,5409,1739],{},[1737,5411,1739],{}," in the same way that ",[1737,5414,1739],{}," applying was the bishop ",[1737,5417,1739],{}," he knew it for him by the indications ",[1737,5420,1739],{},[1737,5422,1739],{},[1737,5424,1739],{}," the archbishop ",[1737,5427,1739],{}," in him truly the men were warned ",[1737,5430,1739],{}," not accused ",[1737,5433,1739],{}," by witnesses ",[1737,5436,1739],{},[1737,5438,1739],{},[1737,5440,1739],{}," his ",[1737,5443,1739],{}," confession ",[1737,5446,1739],{},[1737,5448,1739],{},[1737,5450,1739],{}," by oath, ",[1737,5453,1739],{},[1737,5455,1739],{},[1737,5457,1739],{},[1737,5459,1739],{}," far which is commonly resolved ",[1737,5462,1739],{}," he did not offer to me ",[1737,5465,1739],{},[1737,5467,1739],{}," such evil ",[1737,5470,1739],{}," who ",[1737,5473,1739],{},[1737,5475,1739],{},[1737,5477,1739],{},[1737,5479,1739],{},[1737,5481,1739],{},[1737,5483,1739],{},[1737,5485,1739],{},[1737,5487,1739],{}," supply ",[1737,5490,1739],{}," there was through the deceit ",[1737,5493,1739],{},[1737,5495,1739],{},[1737,5497,1739],{}," they gave themselves to those approving themselves; perhaps they were ignorant ",[1737,5500,1739],{},[1737,5502,1739],{},[1737,5504,1739],{},[1737,5506,1739],{}," a price was given. To warn by your piety ",[1737,5509,1739],{},[1737,5511,1739],{},[1737,5513,1739],{},[1737,5515,1739],{},[1737,5517,1739],{}," of charity ",[1737,5520,1739],{},[1737,5522,1739],{}," just as honor ",[1737,5525,1739],{},[1737,5527,1739],{},[1737,5529,1739],{}," are ",[1737,5532,1739],{},[1737,5534,1739],{},[1737,5536,1739],{},[1737,5538,1739],{},[1737,5540,1739],{}," he is held, as in xxiii. q. iv. ",[15,5543,5544],{},"Nemo",". q. iv. ",[15,5547,5548],{},"Omnes",[15,5550,5551],{},"Si inferenda","; he shows ",[1737,5554,1739],{},[1737,5556,1739],{}," moreover",[1820,5559,5560],{"id":36},[1737,5561,1739],{},[11,5563,5564,5565,5567,5568,5570,5571,5573,5574,5577,5578,5583,5584,5586,5587,2081,5589,2081,5591,5593,5594,5597,5598,5601,5602,5605,5606,2081,5609,5611,5612,2081,5614,2081,5616,5618,5619,5621,5622,2081,5624,5626,5627,2081,5629,2081,5631,5633,5634,5639,5640,2081,5643,5645,5646,2081,5648,5650,5651,2081,5653,5655,5656,5659,5660,5662,5663,2081,5666,2081,5668,5670,5671,2081,5673,2081,5675,5677,5678,5681,5682,5684,5685,2081,5687,2081,5689,5691,5692,3757,5695,5697,5698,5700,5701,5703,5704,2081,5706,2081,5708,2081,5710,5712,5713,5716,5717,5719,5720,5722,5723,5726,5727,2081,5729,5731,5732,5734,5735,5737,5738,5741,5742,5745,5746,5749,5750,5752,5753,2081,5755,2081,5757,5759,5760,5762,5763,2081,5765,2081,5767,5769,5770,5772,5773,5775,5776,5778,5779,5781,5782,2081,5784,2081,5786,5788,5789,4206,5791,4114,5793,4114,5795,5797],{},"[On the question:] Likewise no one ",[1737,5566,1739],{}," it is argued, and here ",[1737,5569,1739],{}," before he should anathematize ",[1737,5572,1739],{}," him as in ",[1737,5575,5576],{},"the title?"," xxxv. q. ii. q. ii. ",[15,5579,5580,5581],{},"de ",[1737,5582,1739],{}," he enjoined from the church. ",[1737,5585,1739],{}," gloss there. He says ",[1737,5588,1739],{},[1737,5590,1739],{},[1737,5592,1739],{}," him, since he is the only ordinary judge in his own diocese, by the argument of xi. q. i. ",[15,5595,5596],{},"de hoc","; q. i. ",[15,5599,5600],{},"seculare",". This says: anathema, much ",[1737,5603,5604],{},"more"," a bishop, vi. q. i. ",[15,5607,5608],{},"Uti",[1737,5610,1739],{},"; and if he seems to inflict anathema, as in xxiii. q. iv. cap. ",[1737,5613,1739],{},[1737,5615,1739],{},[1737,5617,1739],{}," he who is anathematized ",[1737,5620,1739],{}," by the bishop alone whom, if he wished to anathematize; but it is said and ",[1737,5623,1739],{},[1737,5625,1739],{}," or by episcopal dignity of excellence ",[1737,5628,1739],{},[1737,5630,1739],{},[1737,5632,1739],{}," he himself excommunicates. q. ",[15,5635,5636,5637],{},"Ab",[1737,5638,1739],{},"; or it is possible if simply he who ought not to anathematize with that solemnity with which it is, as is held in xi. q. iii. ",[15,5641,5642],{},"Ad hec",[1737,5644,1739],{}," or concerning reconciliation ",[1737,5647,1739],{},[1737,5649,1739],{}," is ",[1737,5652,1739],{},[1737,5654,1739],{}," q. v. ",[15,5657,5658],{},"Si quis ministrare",". To excommunicate, that is, to anathematize. q. i., therefore manifest ",[1737,5661,1739],{}," this alone is, alone is. He has been excommunicated, by the argument of xi. q. iii. ",[15,5664,5665],{},"Nec quoque illos sacerdotum",[1737,5667,1739],{},[1737,5669,1739],{}," excommunicates by lodging or by theft ",[1737,5672,1739],{},[1737,5674,1739],{},[1737,5676,1739],{}," he conferred power; such truly xi. q. iii. ",[15,5679,5680],{},"Cum"," xxv. q. i. should precede ",[1737,5683,1739],{}," these ",[1737,5686,1739],{},[1737,5688,1739],{},[1737,5690,1739],{}," L. ",[15,5693,5694],{},"seculares",[1737,5696,1739],{}," excommunicate ",[1737,5699,1739],{}," and to excommunicate. By the argument ",[1737,5702,1739],{}," § thus to one excommunicated he alleges the matter ",[1737,5705,1739],{},[1737,5707,1739],{},[1737,5709,1739],{},[1737,5711,1739],{}," from the petitioner alone to the greater, as in xi. q. iii. ",[15,5714,5715],{},"Si quis forte",". It is said ",[1737,5718,1739],{}," in appeal to hear ",[1737,5721,1739],{}," by argument q. ",[15,5724,5725],{},"Multa","; if they render ",[1737,5728,1739],{},[1737,5730,1739],{}," it remains, by argument ",[1737,5733,1739],{}," it is settled and ratified, let them be ",[1737,5736,1739],{},". xi. q. iii. ",[15,5739,5740],{},"Iste qui"," c. iv. ",[15,5743,5744],{},"Qui esse",". xi. q. iii. let him show, as in xxvi. q. ii. ",[15,5747,5748],{},"Duobus",". To abstain from action ",[1737,5751,1739],{}," in such manner ",[1737,5754,1739],{},[1737,5756,1739],{},[1737,5758,1739],{}," he should not preach ",[1737,5761,1739],{}," xxiii. q. iv. whence it is said ",[1737,5764,1739],{},[1737,5766,1739],{},[1737,5768,1739],{}," by the power of the priest, as ",[1737,5771,1739],{}," he should show ",[1737,5774,1739],{}," should it be of judgment ",[1737,5777,1739],{}," he should justly punish, by argument ",[1737,5780,1739],{}," he ought not ",[1737,5783,1739],{},[1737,5785,1739],{},[1737,5787,1739],{}," he says who ",[1737,5790,1739],{},[1737,5792,1739],{},[1737,5794,1739],{},[1737,5796,1739],{}," let it be.",[1820,5799,5800],{"id":1752},[1737,5801,1739],{},[11,5803,5804,5805,2081,5807,5809,5810,2081,5812,5814,5815,5817,5818,5820,5821,2081,5823,2081,5825,5827,5828,5830,5831,2081,5833,5835,5836,5838,5839,5841,5842,5844,5845,5847,5848,5850,5851,5853,5854,2081,5856,5847,5858,2081,5860,5862,5863,5865,5866,5868,5869,5871,5872,5875,5876,5878,5879,5882,5883,5885,5886,2081,5889,2081,5891,2081,5893,5895,5896,5898,5899,5901,5902,5904,5905,5908,5909,5912,5913,2081,5915,5917,5918,2081,5920,5922],{},"[On the question:] There is no doubt ",[1737,5806,1739],{},[1737,5808,1739],{}," days ",[1737,5811,1739],{},[1737,5813,1739],{}," and he was accusing ",[1737,5816,1739],{}," injury ",[1737,5819,1739],{}," with authority because ",[1737,5822,1739],{},[1737,5824,1739],{},[1737,5826,1739],{}," he did not dare to suspend him ",[1737,5829,1739],{}," to depose him ",[1737,5832,1739],{},[1737,5834,1739],{}," he was rising up against him as he had done ",[1737,5837,1739],{}," injury, to kill him if ",[1737,5840,1739],{}," he should judge ",[1737,5843,1739],{}," supremely keeping silent ",[1737,5846,1739],{}," thus ",[1737,5849,1739],{}," suspending ",[1737,5852,1739],{}," he says ",[1737,5855,1739],{},[1737,5857,1739],{},[1737,5859,1739],{},[1737,5861,1739],{}," depose ",[1737,5864,1739],{}," you will more easily understand. If he should look back to the things which ",[1737,5867,1739],{}," he says, that is, you should be infirm so long as them. § the church ",[1737,5870,1739],{}," omitted, as in xi. q. i. ",[15,5873,5874],{},"Si omnia deferri"," by appeal before resolution. Above the aforesaid ",[1737,5877,1739],{}," that is, by appeal etc. j. e. q. i. ",[15,5880,5881],{},"Episcopi"," by appeal as a resolution, that is, by obstacle, that is, not received from ",[1737,5884,1739],{}," from the greater, as in iii. q. vi. ",[15,5887,5888],{},"Mihi tu",[1737,5890,1739],{},[1737,5892,1739],{},[1737,5894,1739],{}," the judge, having considered the ",[1737,5897,1739],{}," cause ",[1737,5900,1739],{}," let him refer to a greater judge so that he ",[1737,5903,1739],{}," conquers; as in iii. ",[15,5906,5907],{},"Confessus","; to suspend, by argument: if to suspend, ",[1737,5910,5911],{},"then"," to excommunicate ",[1737,5914,1739],{},[1737,5916,1739],{}," to be said ",[1737,5919,1739],{},[1737,5921,1739],{}," manner",{"title":36,"searchDepth":37,"depth":37,"links":5924},[5925,5926],{"id":36,"depth":1863,"text":1739},{"id":1752,"depth":1863,"text":1739},";;; the archbishop of Tours, on the accusation and at the suggestion of certain persons, demanded from him certain things which he did not wish to grant through him ;;; they themselves received from another bishop, from whom; and the archbishop, presuming that he would not stand by his own status nor ;;; shown ;;; ;;; to others ;;; he yielded ;;; ;;; ;;; to the lord himself he was restored as archbishop ;;; ;;; of the church ;;; ;;; which was to hear his own ;;; according to the order of law ;;; this one ;;; now restores; but, the cause having been examined ;;; ;;; does not admit ;;; he commands that he restore him to him whether he has applied to the see from him or has not applied. These things ;;; because ;;; are remitted; the accusation must be admitted by a bishop of the cause when it has not been omitted ;;; I have often appealed; the appellant must be admitted ;;; unwilling ;;; ;;; ;;; he should find, let him proceed ;;; ;;; in the same way that ;;; applying was the bishop ;;; he knew it for him by the indications ;;; ;;; ;;; the archbishop ;;; in him truly the men were warned ;;; not accused ;;; by witnesses ;;; ;;; ;;; his ;;; confession ;;; ;;; ;;; by oath, ;;; ;;; ;;; ;;; far which is commonly resolved ;;; he did not offer to me ;;; ;;; such evil ;;; who ;;; ;;; in ;;; ;;; ;;; ;;; ;;; ;;; supply ;;; there was through the deceit ;;; ;;; ;;; they gave themselves to those approving themselves; perhaps they were ignorant ;;; perhaps ;;; ;;; ;;; a price was given. To warn by your piety ;;; ;;; ;;; ;;; ;;; of charity ;;; xxvii. q. ;;; just as honor ;;; ;;; ;;; are ;;; ;;; ;;; ;;; ;;; he is held, as in xxiii. q. iv. Nemo. q. iv. Omnes. q. iv. Si inferenda; he shows ;;; ;;; moreover",{},"\u002Freadings\u002Ftranslation\u002Fhuguccio-summa-causa-1\u002F118va",{"description":5927},"readings\u002Ftranslation\u002Fhuguccio-summa-causa-1\u002F118va","0Hyg93jgv7lBa97P4gGuryHYkws865wOuQNaPHfOFB0",{"id":5934,"title":2674,"body":5935,"description":6466,"extension":41,"meta":6467,"navigation":46,"page":2674,"path":6468,"pdf_page":2667,"reading":42,"seo":6469,"sortable_pagination_id":3213,"stem":6470,"__hash__":6471},"readingsTranslation\u002Freadings\u002Ftranslation\u002Fhuguccio-summa-causa-1\u002F118vb.md",{"type":8,"value":5936,"toc":6461},[5937,5978,5982,6135,6139,6332,6336],[11,5938,5939,2081,5941,5943,5944,435,5946,2081,5948,5444,5950,5952,5953,5955,5956,5959,5960,5962,5963,5965,5966,5968,5969,5971,5972,5974,5975,4171],{},[1737,5940,1739],{},[1737,5942,1739],{}," he takes up his office ",[1737,5945,1739],{},[1737,5947,1739],{},[1737,5949,1739],{},[1737,5951,1739],{}," of law ",[1737,5954,1739],{}," e. q. v. ",[15,5957,5958],{},"Ph. ii."," h. he has represented. So that this ",[1737,5961,1739],{}," looks back, by argument ",[1737,5964,1739],{}," by argument: if he is in the absence of the prince ",[1737,5967,1739],{}," to be condemned ",[1737,5970,1739],{}," tempted ",[1737,5973,1739],{}," as in xi. q. v. by argument xxxv. q. iv. ",[15,5976,5977],{},"De illa veta",[1820,5979,5980],{"id":36},[1737,5981,1739],{},[11,5983,5984,5985,2081,5987,5989,5990,5993,5995,5996,5999,6000,6002,6003,6005,6006,2081,6009,6011,6012,6014,6015,2216,6017,6019,6020,2081,6022,3902,6024,6026,6027,6029,6030,2081,6032,6035,6036,6038,6039,2081,6041,6043,6044,6046,2081,6048,2081,6050,6053,6054,6056,6057,6059,6060,6062,6063,6065,6066,2081,6068,6070,6071,6073,6074,6076,6077,435,6080,6082,6083,6086,6087,2081,6090,2081,6092,6094,6095,2081,6098,6056,6100,6103,6104,6107,6108,6110,6111,2081,6113,4114,6115,6117,6118,6120,6122,6123,2081,6125,2081,6127,6129,6130,2081,6133],{},"[On the question:] First ",[1737,5986,1739],{},[1737,5988,1739],{}," to him, many things which are judged by him to the obviation of him himself, as in vi. e. q. v. ",[15,5991,5992],{},"Ds",[1737,5994,1739],{}," of suspicion he holds, by argument as in xv. q. v. ",[15,5997,5998],{},"Oves",". q. v. q. i. he says ",[1737,6001,1739],{}," he holds truly suspicion, provided also concerning violent suspicion, provided that they themselves by deserving merit are not admitted to judgment, that he himself fornicates ",[1737,6004,1739],{}," and through suspicion, as in e. q. v. ",[15,6007,6008],{},"Ph. ii. e. h. de inferenda",[1737,6010,1739],{}," suspicion ",[1737,6013,1739],{}," not regularly does he say. Because ",[1737,6016,1739],{},[1737,6018,1739],{}," in the parish ",[1737,6021,1739],{},[1737,6023,1739],{},[1737,6025,1739],{}," he himself says: iv. by suspending, he himself by suspicion, xv. evil report ",[1737,6028,1739],{}," are not to be ",[1737,6031,1739],{},[15,6033,6034],{},"Phare",", that is, to examine, as you read ",[1737,6037,1739],{}," to fear by men ",[1737,6040,1739],{},[1737,6042,1739],{},". j. e. q. e. ",[15,6045,5992],{},[1737,6047,1739],{},[1737,6049,1739],{},[15,6051,6052],{},"phare",", that is, to perform ",[1737,6055,1739],{}," by argument ",[1737,6058,1739],{}," some ",[1737,6061,1739],{}," and the judge himself ",[1737,6064,1739],{}," or to accuse, because ii. q. iv. he himself ",[1737,6067,1739],{},[1737,6069,1739],{}," only by allegation to indicate, otherwise the order of judging is not ",[1737,6072,1739],{}," instructed. By argument ",[1737,6075,1739],{},". e. ",[15,6078,6079],{},"Multis",[1737,6081,1739],{}," iv. q. vi. ",[15,6084,6085],{},"Iulianus","; by argument xv. q. iv. ",[15,6088,6089],{},"Illi qui",[1737,6091,1739],{},[1737,6093,1739],{}," iv. q. v. iv. ",[15,6096,6097],{},"Nullatenus",[1737,6099,1739],{},[15,6101,6102],{},"Cum sue libertate",". i. i. dist. iii. ",[15,6105,6106],{},"Quod fideris",", as ",[1737,6109,1739],{}," use ",[1737,6112,1739],{},[1737,6114,1739],{},[1737,6116,1739],{}," should be to accuse. iv. ",[15,6119,5992],{},[1737,6121,1739],{}," should be in another way ",[1737,6124,1739],{},[1737,6126,1739],{},[15,6128,3828],{},". iv. q. i. ",[15,6131,6132],{},"Licet",[1737,6134,1739],{},[1820,6136,6137],{"id":1752},[1737,6138,1739],{},[11,6140,6141,6142,2081,6144,6146,6147,6149,6150,6152,6153,6155,6156,6158,6159,2081,6161,435,6163,6165,6166,6168,6169,5441,6171,2081,6173,6175,6176,6178,6179,2081,6181,6183,6184,5530,6186,6188,6189,2081,6191,4930,6194,6197,6198,2081,6201,6203,6204,6206,6207,6209,6210,3732,6212,6215,6216,6218,6220,6221,2081,6223,6225,6226,2081,6228,6225,6230,5120,6232,6056,6234,6237,6238,6241,6242,6237,6244,2081,6246,6248,6249,6252,6253,6255,6256,5817,6258,6260,6261,6263,6264,6266,6267,2216,6276,6278,6279,435,6281,6283,6284,6286,6287,6290,6291,2081,6293,6296,6297,6076,6299,435,6302,6305,6306,6308,6309,6311,6312,6315,6316,2081,6319,6321,6322,6324,6325,6328,6329,4171],{},"[On the question:] Publicly ",[1737,6143,1739],{},[1737,6145,1739],{}," in law it has been handed down with full evidence concerning whom there is judgment ",[1737,6148,1739],{},". Who can accuse: a ward ",[1737,6151,1739],{}," who is not yet of the years of puberty, as a minor ward, because his ",[1737,6154,1739],{}," business was for public utility, as this ",[1737,6157,1739],{}," not however of our authority ",[1737,6160,1739],{},[1737,6162,1739],{},[1737,6164,1739],{}," intending utility, he is not to be admitted to accusation, lest on this account they ",[1737,6167,1739],{}," utility to him ",[1737,6170,1739],{},[1737,6172,1739],{},[1737,6174,1739],{},", as for instance to receive injury to his own ",[1737,6177,1739],{}," stipends ",[1737,6180,1739],{},[1737,6182,1739],{}," when ",[1737,6185,1739],{},[1737,6187,1739],{}," see ",[1737,6190,1739],{},[15,6192,6193],{},"Sine danno",[15,6195,6196],{},"rei. p. l. fraude"," q. iv. § ",[15,6199,6200],{},"sed qui",[1737,6202,1739],{}," from him it comes. b. that another should be called ",[1737,6205,1739],{}," to call such ",[1737,6208,1739],{}," and to accuse, not to accuse ",[1737,6211,1739],{},[15,6213,6214],{},"Si rubente",": ",[15,6217,5992],{},[1737,6219,1739],{}," and that one is lost to the magistrates. ",[1737,6222,1739],{},[1737,6224,1739],{}," he calls ",[1737,6227,1739],{},[1737,6229,1739],{},[1737,6231,1739],{},[1737,6233,1739],{},[15,6235,6236],{},"De tractatibus"," through that ",[15,6239,6240],{},"De minoribus","; this is concerning ",[1737,6243,1739],{},[1737,6245,1739],{},[1737,6247,1739],{}," that to be ministered, see also iv. q. ",[15,6250,6251],{},"Ad ministrandum"," my sin ",[1737,6254,1739],{}," they shall be punished. This however concerning omitted ",[1737,6257,1739],{},[1737,6259,1739],{}," two judgments of accusation, this ",[1737,6262,1739],{}," no one regularly should accuse two ",[1737,6265,1739],{}," of a crime, whether in this or a lesser one, as above ",[15,6268,6269,6270,3023,6272,3026,6274],{},"De accusatione l",[1737,6271,3022],{},[1737,6273,1739],{},[1737,6275,1739],{},[1737,6277,1739],{}," judges ",[1737,6280,1739],{},[1737,6282,1739],{}," adulter ",[1737,6285,1739],{}," e. q. ",[15,6288,6289],{},"Pupille i."," as iii. h. ",[1737,6292,1739],{},[15,6294,6295],{},"Cum in his de libello",", it cannot be that they be of accusation in manner ",[1737,6298,1739],{},[15,6300,6301],{},"Costa",[15,6303,6304],{},"Sine murmure",": therefore who should accuse, whence ",[1737,6307,1739],{}," and to confess in one libel, or one and another concerning the same crime in another libel; but also to act, if anyone should accuse two h. ",[1737,6310,1739],{}," said. The accusation of those whom he himself accuses, e. l. ",[15,6313,6314],{},"Nullum",". e. v. ",[15,6317,6318],{},"Eum",[1737,6320,1739],{}," in his own injury or that of his own, prosecuting it, or this ",[1737,6323,1739],{}," of these two defendants to promote, as not to be with greater. By argument xv. dist. ",[15,6326,6327],{},"De actuant","; and as ",[15,6330,6331],{},"Viri libertas",[1820,6333,6334],{"id":1769},[1737,6335,1739],{},[11,6337,6338,6339,6342,6343,6346,6348,6349,6351,6352,6354,6355,6357,3102,6359,6361,6362,435,6364,6366,2081,6368,6371,6372,6374,6375,6378,6379,6381,6382,6384,6386,6387,6389,6390,6393,6395,6396,6398,6399,6401,6402,6404,6405,6407,6408,6410,6411,2081,6413,6415,6416,6418,6419,6421,6422,6398,6424,6426,6427,6430,6431,6434,6436,6437,6439,6440,6442,6443,6445,6446,6448,6449,6451,6452,6454,6455,6457,6458,6460],{},"[On the question:] Rarely indeed thus the accuser deposits, as in C. ",[15,6340,6341],{},"de accusatione"," l. ",[15,6344,6345],{},"Ego",[1737,6347,1739],{}," who explains who ",[1737,6350,1739],{}," his; by argument ",[1737,6353,1739],{}," to be undergone ",[15,6356,5992],{},[1737,6358,1739],{},[1737,6360,1739],{}," this ",[1737,6363,1739],{},[15,6365,5992],{},[1737,6367,1739],{},[15,6369,6370],{},"Adversus inscriptum"," he restores; to accuse ",[1737,6373,1739],{}," let it be charged to him from the state of the accusation to wish to settle with the individual defendants, as below ",[15,6376,6377],{},"Ad lucrum",". On account of the accusation ",[1737,6380,1739],{}," sent are paid out resolution, if to accuse ",[15,6383,5992],{},[1737,6385,1739],{}," without litigation, of which to redeem of his blood ",[1737,6388,1739],{}," iv. e. q. iii. ",[15,6391,6392],{},"Punicat",[1737,6394,1739],{},". This says: if he is not punished by law in such matter, on account of the accusation ",[1737,6397,1739],{}," of that crime ",[1737,6400,1739],{}," not by law of accusation; therefore with the penalty of blood remaining you and not in the case ",[1737,6403,1739],{}," to receive he himself ",[1737,6406,1739],{}," he shall be repelled from accusation if you of enemies ",[1737,6409,1739],{}," and of those bought ",[1737,6412,1739],{},[1737,6414,1739],{}," he should anoint through blood ",[1737,6417,1739],{}," he transacts; those not in the case ",[1737,6420,1739],{}," re. ob. ii. of the accusation ",[1737,6423,1739],{},[1737,6425,1739],{}," not by law of accusation, e. ",[15,6428,6429],{},"De collusione","; as below e. q. iii. ",[15,6432,6433],{},"Fid",[1737,6435,1739],{}," or the accusation of him ",[1737,6438,1739],{}," in delicts ",[1737,6441,1739],{}," he accuses ",[1737,6444,1739],{}," him, who from him accusing ",[1737,6447,1739],{}," he subornated, that is, instructed such things, that to false testimony he said. But also they instruct accused ",[1737,6450,1739],{}," who newly is sold ",[1737,6453,1739],{}," him, through poverty he is made, corrupted through ",[1737,6456,1739],{}," poverty ",[1737,6459,1739],{}," who to base things compels need, has him",{"title":36,"searchDepth":37,"depth":37,"links":6462},[6463,6464,6465],{"id":36,"depth":1863,"text":1739},{"id":1752,"depth":1863,"text":1739},{"id":1769,"depth":1863,"text":1739},";;; ;;; he takes up his office ;;; and ;;; ;;; confession ;;; of law ;;; e. q. v. Ph. ii. h. he has represented. So that this ;;; looks back, by argument ;;; by argument: if he is in the absence of the prince ;;; to be condemned ;;; tempted ;;; as in xi. q. v. by argument xxxv. q. iv. De illa veta.",{},"\u002Freadings\u002Ftranslation\u002Fhuguccio-summa-causa-1\u002F118vb",{"description":6466},"readings\u002Ftranslation\u002Fhuguccio-summa-causa-1\u002F118vb","P6ucOIbzHEb5v5SZ5YTFoKbMo78Ov7QTYyfD5wxK8_8",{"id":6473,"title":3218,"body":6474,"description":6695,"extension":41,"meta":6696,"navigation":46,"page":3218,"path":6697,"pdf_page":50,"reading":42,"seo":6698,"sortable_pagination_id":3272,"stem":6699,"__hash__":6700},"readingsTranslation\u002Freadings\u002Ftranslation\u002Fhuguccio-summa-causa-1\u002F119ra.md",{"type":8,"value":6475,"toc":6693},[6476],[11,6477,6478,6479,6482,6483,6486,6487,6490,6491,6493,6494,6496,6497,6499,6500,6503,6504,6506,6507,6509,6510,6513,6514,6516,6517,6519,6520,6523,6524,6527,6528,6531,6532,6535,6536,6538,6539,6541,6542,6545,6546,6549,6550,6552,6553,6556,6557,6559,6560,2081,6562,6565,6566,6569,6570,6565,6573,3757,6576,6579,6580,6583,6584,2081,6586,6588,6589,6592,6593,6596,6597,6599,6600,6602,6603,6605,6606,6608,6609,6215,6611,151,6614,6616,6617,6620,6621,6623,6624,6626,6627,6629,6630,6632,6633,151,6636,6620,6639,6642,6643,2081,6645,6648,6649,6652,6653,6656,6657,398,6660,6663,6664,6666,6667,6670,6671,6673,6674,6676,6677,6679,6680,6683,6684,6686,6687,6689,6690,6692],{},"[...] in the day, lest being filled I deny you, or being compelled by poverty I steal and forswear the name of my God. [The] law: “Let it be drawn by lot,” as in ",[15,6480,6481],{},"Causa"," I, question 4, “",[15,6484,6485],{},"Testimonium","” [c. ",[15,6488,6489],{},"Si tutius","]. The point is that one should be of good repute so that he is not driven by poverty to lie, even though he be poor and have less than [is needed] today. ",[1737,6492,1739],{}," If he is rejected — that is, they are not appointed — [it is] not on account of the wicked who ",[1737,6495,1739],{}," the communion of someone’s body ",[1737,6498,1739],{}," they offer to God; to the extent that they may not oppress them, namely [the] gods. Neither freeborn children nor freedmen [may proceed] to accuse parents or patrons, except in excepted [cases], namely [the law] of treason and sacrilege, and others etc., and unless they are expressly excepted. [The reading] “them” in the text — whence either this, but the whole active is annulled, unless perhaps for an action of injury he can equally accuse them. § “",[15,6501,6502],{},"Quis",",” and others may not — but let it be brought as a civil action; nor ",[1737,6505,1739],{}," is it understood to be prohibited when it is said in ",[1737,6508,1739],{}," etc., that is, immediately. “",[15,6511,6512],{},"Liberi liberique",",” etc., why [may they proceed] civilly against him for violence; and ",[1737,6515,1739],{}," proceeding against them criminally, as ",[1737,6518,1739],{}," of him; whence in question 3 [the rule]: if they were expelled from [their] profession, they cannot accuse them under the ",[15,6521,6522],{},"lex Iulia de vi publica"," or ",[15,6525,6526],{},"privata","; [they may] proceed under the law against them in the text, as in question 3. But to recover possession he can act, or implore the office of the judge — yet [only] those proceeding civilly, where [it is] of the father; let [the judge] take care that [it be done] by the profession etc. For even a son, if a woman binds herself [claiming] to have given birth, and was not Judith [i.e., truthful], and substitutes herself to another father — perhaps from hatred of the son, in order that he may not obtain the father [i.e., his patrimony] from inheritance in full — the son cannot accuse the mother under the ",[15,6529,6530],{},"lex Cornelia de falsis","; he may, however, complain about the action itself; [he may proceed] in court, imploring the judge. § “",[15,6533,6534],{},"Area facere",",” and accuse [under the] ",[15,6537,6530],{},". Note here ",[1737,6540,1739],{}," f. that one rejected from [bringing] an accusation by others is admitted when prosecuting his own injury or that of his [kin]; and that neither freeborn children nor freedmen can criminally proceed against or accuse parents or patrons, but only civilly, unless perhaps in a casual matter. “",[15,6543,6544],{},"Ab alio delati","” — that is, accused; another cannot bring [a charge] against the same one previously held and dismissed for the same crime; he can be [charged] not by a regular accusation, because the defendant is absolved by the sentence of the judge [deciding] that he wishes to spare him and dispense with him, granted he knows him to be [guilty], if it pleases him; or he absolves from the observance of legal forms — for instance, because the adversary failed in proof; or he absolves with an intervening ",[15,6547,6548],{},"abolitio",". [After such an] absolution, the defendant in such a crime is for that very reason previously rejected from accusation; he cannot by an oblique route be rejected from accusation or from giving testimony, from promotion, or from a public act, because another can demand [it], by the argument of ",[1737,6551,1739],{}," xvii, ",[15,6554,6555],{},"De his criminibus",", in similar matters of this cause. He cannot accuse this man of such a crime, nor of [anything] admitted, and concerning the man it is often asked in two cases: namely, if the first [accuser] is charged — the first accuser of prevarication who keeps silent and connives — and this other admits ",[1737,6558,1739],{}," not the cause, as in ",[1737,6561,1739],{},[15,6563,6564],{},"De prevaricatione",", c. ",[15,6567,6568],{},"Prevaricationis",", etc.; ",[15,6571,6572],{},"De accusationibus",[15,6574,6575],{},"Si quis hereditarius",[15,6577,6578],{},"De delato homine exhibendo",", c. III § ",[15,6581,6582],{},"hoc inter eos",". Because the accuser is prosecuting his own injury or that of his [kin], and [the case] is signed off, the accusation [may be] instituted by another, as in ",[1737,6585,1739],{},[15,6587,6572],{}," I, c. ",[15,6590,6591],{},"Sicut"," § ",[15,6594,6595],{},"hoc demum",". In these two cases he will be accused by another — yet by the same one. Likewise in the course of the matter, namely if he was absolved with an intervening ",[15,6598,6548],{},", he can accuse [him] of the same crime, by the same person or by another — but with a difference. Now we must see what the ",[15,6601,6548],{}," is and what the kinds of ",[15,6604,6548],{}," are. The ",[15,6607,6548],{}," is the instituted prevention of the accusation, by which the defendant or accuser abolishes [the accusation] from a new defendant. There are three kinds of ",[15,6610,6548],{},[15,6612,6613],{},"publica",[15,6615,6526],{},", and ",[15,6618,6619],{},"ex lege",". The ",[15,6622,6613],{}," is what occurs on account of some notable public deed or public rejoicing — for instance, on the birth of the prince’s son, on the conquest of a city, or on the recovery of peace; on which account, if sudden holidays are introduced by the prince, this is not concerning others, but is to be understood concerning sudden holidays. That is, such ",[15,6625,6548],{}," has [its effects] and [so do] the others, on account of the accuser desisting. The ",[15,6628,6526],{}," is when the accuser says he accused out of rashness or error or heat of mind, and asks ",[15,6631,6548],{}," from the judge with the defendant present and consenting, as in C. ",[15,6634,6635],{},"De abolitionibus",[15,6637,6638],{},"l. Abolitio",[15,6640,6641],{},"abolitio ex lege"," occurs if the accuser dies or is otherwise impeded so that he can no longer accuse — the defendant being reserved to his own [heirs], as in ",[1737,6644,1739],{},[15,6646,6647],{},"Ad se",", q. ",[15,6650,6651],{},"Turpis",", or ",[15,6654,6655],{},"Abolitio",". In any of these ",[15,6658,6659],{},"abolitiones",[15,6661,6662],{},"libellus"," of accusation is abolished; whence if afterward [someone] accuses him again of the same crime, it will be necessary to inscribe him [anew]. Note therefore that after any ",[15,6665,6548],{},", an accusation is admitted — but only within 30 useful days after the holidays end, as regards the ",[15,6668,6669],{},"publica abolitio","; [one] may seek the ",[15,6672,6548],{}," as regards others. It is admitted whether the accuser is the same or another, with the ",[15,6675,6548],{}," intervening, against the same accused or another, but with a difference: for with a ",[15,6678,6669],{}," intervening, another [accuser] is admitted indifferently; with a ",[15,6681,6682],{},"privata abolitio"," or one ",[15,6685,6619],{}," intervening, another [is admitted] but not the same, and [as for] another being admitted, [only] if within 30 useful days, as in ",[1737,6688,1739],{}," e. The sense, therefore, is that another cannot bring [a charge], but with the ",[15,6691,6548],{}," intervening",{"title":36,"searchDepth":37,"depth":37,"links":6694},[],"[...] in the day, lest being filled I deny you, or being compelled by poverty I steal and forswear the name of my God. [The] law: “Let it be drawn by lot,” as in Causa I, question 4, “Testimonium” [c. Si tutius]. The point is that one should be of good repute so that he is not driven by poverty to lie, even though he be poor and have less than [is needed] today. ;;; If he is rejected — that is, they are not appointed — [it is] not on account of the wicked who ;;; the communion of someone’s body ;;; they offer to God; to the extent that they may not oppress them, namely [the] gods. Neither freeborn children nor freedmen [may proceed] to accuse parents or patrons, except in excepted [cases], namely [the law] of treason and sacrilege, and others etc., and unless they are expressly excepted. [The reading] “them” in the text — whence either this, but the whole active is annulled, unless perhaps for an action of injury he can equally accuse them. § “Quis,” and others may not — but let it be brought as a civil action; nor ;;; is it understood to be prohibited when it is said in ;;; etc., that is, immediately. “Liberi liberique,” etc., why [may they proceed] civilly against him for violence; and ;;; proceeding against them criminally, as ;;; of him; whence in question 3 [the rule]: if they were expelled from [their] profession, they cannot accuse them under the lex Iulia de vi publica or privata; [they may] proceed under the law against them in the text, as in question 3. But to recover possession he can act, or implore the office of the judge — yet [only] those proceeding civilly, where [it is] of the father; let [the judge] take care that [it be done] by the profession etc. For even a son, if a woman binds herself [claiming] to have given birth, and was not Judith [i.e., truthful], and substitutes herself to another father — perhaps from hatred of the son, in order that he may not obtain the father [i.e., his patrimony] from inheritance in full — the son cannot accuse the mother under the lex Cornelia de falsis; he may, however, complain about the action itself; [he may proceed] in court, imploring the judge. § “Area facere,” and accuse [under the] lex Cornelia de falsis. Note here ;;; f. that one rejected from [bringing] an accusation by others is admitted when prosecuting his own injury or that of his [kin]; and that neither freeborn children nor freedmen can criminally proceed against or accuse parents or patrons, but only civilly, unless perhaps in a casual matter. “Ab alio delati” — that is, accused; another cannot bring [a charge] against the same one previously held and dismissed for the same crime; he can be [charged] not by a regular accusation, because the defendant is absolved by the sentence of the judge [deciding] that he wishes to spare him and dispense with him, granted he knows him to be [guilty], if it pleases him; or he absolves from the observance of legal forms — for instance, because the adversary failed in proof; or he absolves with an intervening abolitio. [After such an] absolution, the defendant in such a crime is for that very reason previously rejected from accusation; he cannot by an oblique route be rejected from accusation or from giving testimony, from promotion, or from a public act, because another can demand [it], by the argument of ;;; xvii, De his criminibus, in similar matters of this cause. He cannot accuse this man of such a crime, nor of [anything] admitted, and concerning the man it is often asked in two cases: namely, if the first [accuser] is charged — the first accuser of prevarication who keeps silent and connives — and this other admits ;;; not the cause, as in ;;; De prevaricatione, c. Prevaricationis, etc.; De accusationibus, c. Si quis hereditarius; De delato homine exhibendo, c. III § hoc inter eos. Because the accuser is prosecuting his own injury or that of his [kin], and [the case] is signed off, the accusation [may be] instituted by another, as in ;;; De accusationibus I, c. Sicut § hoc demum. In these two cases he will be accused by another — yet by the same one. Likewise in the course of the matter, namely if he was absolved with an intervening abolitio, he can accuse [him] of the same crime, by the same person or by another — but with a difference. Now we must see what the abolitio is and what the kinds of abolitio are. The abolitio is the instituted prevention of the accusation, by which the defendant or accuser abolishes [the accusation] from a new defendant. There are three kinds of abolitio: publica, privata, and ex lege. The publica is what occurs on account of some notable public deed or public rejoicing — for instance, on the birth of the prince’s son, on the conquest of a city, or on the recovery of peace; on which account, if sudden holidays are introduced by the prince, this is not concerning others, but is to be understood concerning sudden holidays. That is, such abolitio has [its effects] and [so do] the others, on account of the accuser desisting. The privata is when the accuser says he accused out of rashness or error or heat of mind, and asks abolitio from the judge with the defendant present and consenting, as in C. De abolitionibus, l. Abolitio. The abolitio ex lege occurs if the accuser dies or is otherwise impeded so that he can no longer accuse — the defendant being reserved to his own [heirs], as in ;;; Ad se, q. Turpis, or Abolitio. In any of these abolitiones, the libellus of accusation is abolished; whence if afterward [someone] accuses him again of the same crime, it will be necessary to inscribe him [anew]. Note therefore that after any abolitio, an accusation is admitted — but only within 30 useful days after the holidays end, as regards the publica abolitio; [one] may seek the abolitio as regards others. It is admitted whether the accuser is the same or another, with the abolitio intervening, against the same accused or another, but with a difference: for with a publica abolitio intervening, another [accuser] is admitted indifferently; with a privata abolitio or one ex lege intervening, another [is admitted] but not the same, and [as for] another being admitted, [only] if within 30 useful days, as in ;;; e. The sense, therefore, is that another cannot bring [a charge], but with the abolitio intervening",{},"\u002Freadings\u002Ftranslation\u002Fhuguccio-summa-causa-1\u002F119ra",{"description":6695},"readings\u002Ftranslation\u002Fhuguccio-summa-causa-1\u002F119ra","4VhXW-Q_NFvZoXc-DG_3CVsC-C_yuByI-zhlaMJyMy0",{"id":6702,"title":47,"body":6703,"description":6893,"extension":41,"meta":6894,"navigation":46,"page":47,"path":6895,"pdf_page":50,"reading":42,"seo":6896,"sortable_pagination_id":3356,"stem":6897,"__hash__":6898},"readingsTranslation\u002Freadings\u002Ftranslation\u002Fhuguccio-summa-causa-1\u002F119rb.md",{"type":8,"value":6704,"toc":6886},[6705,6762,6764,6786,6788,6794,6796,6832,6834,6847,6849],[11,6706,6707,6708,6710,6711,6713,6714,6716,6717,6523,6719,6721,6722,6724,6725,6727,6728,6730,6731,151,6734,6737,6738,6740,6741,6743,6744,6746,6747,6749,6750,151,6752,6755,6756,151,6759,4171],{},"with an ",[15,6709,6548],{}," intervening ",[15,6712,6619],{},", [he] is not prohibited from bringing [a charge] concerning the defendants — that is, anew concerning new defendants — yet only within 30 useful days and not before, as has been said, as in ",[1737,6715,1739],{}," e. q., whence ",[1737,6718,1739],{},[1737,6720,1739],{},". And note that, in the manner of an ",[15,6723,6548],{}," sought, the consent of the defendant is not always required: namely, if the defendant has already suffered some injuries — namely of tortures or of prison — ",[15,6726,6548],{}," will not be granted without his consent; but if he has suffered nothing of the sort, and [the matter is] against a new defendant, ",[15,6729,6548],{}," will be granted, even if it is not sought by the actor within 30 days, as in C. ",[15,6732,6733],{},"De abolitione",[15,6735,6736],{},"lex ult."," But outside [that case], if the accuser and the accused wish that ",[15,6739,6548],{}," be granted, the judge must never grant it indifferently, except in the greatest crimes — for instance, treason or betrayal — then ",[15,6742,6548],{}," will be granted even though both parties wish [it]. For if witnesses, freeborn, are already [entered] in the books or have been subjected to tortures, ",[15,6745,6548],{}," will not be granted, even with the consent of both parties. Likewise, if the accuser has accused fallaciously and the accused has been fallaciously accused, ",[15,6748,6548],{}," ought not to be granted. All this is found in C. ",[15,6751,6635],{},[15,6753,6754],{},"l. ult.",", and C. ",[15,6757,6758],{},"De calumniatoribus",[15,6760,6761],{},"l. Fallaciter",[1820,6763,3294],{"id":3293},[11,6765,3385,6766,6768,6769,2081,6771,6774,6775,6778,6779,151,6782,6785],{},[15,6767,3294],{},"” — ",[1737,6770,1739],{},[15,6772,6773],{},"ad annonam",". With “",[15,6776,6777],{},"annona","” [the term] was used when someone defrauded the public corn-supply that ought to have been given to soldiers, or arranged so that the corn might be sold dearer. To accuse [in] this matter, even women, prostitutes, and infamous persons were admitted, as is said in this ",[15,6780,6781],{},"lex",[15,6783,6784],{},"Ad militium",", and to this accusation.",[1820,6787,3304],{"id":3303},[11,6789,3385,6790,6793],{},[15,6791,6792],{},"His omnibus","” — [Gratian] concludes from the foregoing that the judicial order is to be observed, and that it is to be observed in cases that are manifest. For, as he says in the following paragraph, accusation and the other things pertaining to the judicial order have been instituted for this purpose: that the defendant may not be oppressed by the cleverness of his adversaries, and that defendants may not safely [escape] while [the proceeding] yields — and also because, the cause ceasing, the effect ought to cease. [In] non-manifest [cases] this is not necessary, nor are testimonies required for notorious matters.",[1820,6795,3311],{"id":3310},[11,6797,3385,6798,6800,6801,3757,6804,6807,6808,6811,6812,6815,6816,6818,6819,6822,6823,3757,6826,6829,6830,4171],{},[15,6799,3311],{},"” — that is, notorious; not lengthy, namely as in C. XI, q. III, ",[15,6802,6803],{},"Eorum",[15,6805,6806],{},"Qui certe",", and C. III, q. V, ",[15,6809,6810],{},"Quia suspecti","; C. ",[15,6813,6814],{},"Quod Athanasius restituit",", “even though” what was his was manifest. But certain things are manifest which are not notorious, concerning which [...]; and certain things that are manifest are notorious, concerning which here. Therefore an accusation, not testimony, is necessary; nevertheless a citation [is required], as in C. XXIII, q. III, ",[15,6817,3488],{}," — unless when something is to be defended by notoriety, by appeal, by the argument from C. ",[15,6820,6821],{},"Cum sacri scripta",", C. XXVII, q. I, ",[15,6824,6825],{},"Si lectio",[15,6827,6828],{},"Si custos",". Likewise, no contumacy [is required] in C. XXIII, q. III, ",[15,6831,3488],{},[1820,6833,3318],{"id":3317},[11,6835,3385,6836,6839,6840,2081,6842,6844,6845,3329],{},[15,6837,6838],{},"In manifestis","” — refers to the preceding through the same chapters, even at the end of the preceding paragraph by the customary terms; that is, by dissolution or by accusation, by palliation, and on account of ",[1737,6841,1739],{},[1737,6843,1739],{},". For through dissimulation [the] protection from accusation may have ceased, as in ",[1737,6846,1739],{},[1820,6848,3333],{"id":3332},[11,6850,3385,6851,6854,6855,6858,6859,6862,6863,6866,6867,2081,6869,6871,6872,6875,6876,6878,6879,6881,6882,6885],{},[15,6852,6853],{},"Notoriorum sua sponte","” — namely by the spontaneous [will] of the defendant, q. I, ",[15,6856,6857],{},"Quia ipse Iohannes"," etc. “",[15,6860,6861],{},"Innocentia","” — that is, innocent. “",[15,6864,6865],{},"Culpa delictis","” — that is, by faults of crime, culpable and harmful. But it is asked what notorious means. I respond that every crime either is or is rendered notorious — by which it is asked in law whether [it is] through the sentence of the judge, whether the defendant is judged or confesses through himself, if he should confess. But I believe that no crime is rendered notorious through the sentence of the judge. I say therefore that every and only that crime [is] notorious which he himself who committed it confesses, [whether] in public ",[1737,6868,1739],{},[1737,6870,1739],{},"; but I understand confession [to be] both by mouth, publicly, or by the evidence of the deed; and so even if he denies it by mouth, if it appears by the evidence of the deed, it is no less called notorious — as in the case of a fornicator with a concubine whom he publicly kept and acknowledged, C. dist., because by common usage of him he cannot [remain] in office. The same holds for a priest, a presbyter, keeping a hearth-mate and having children by her, even though he denies it by mouth, the evidence of the deed itself convicts him, by argument of dist. LXXXII, ",[15,6873,6874],{},"Proposuisti","; R. [i.e., C.] XXXIII, q. II, ",[15,6877,3474],{},". But certain men say that, although the deed be evident, nevertheless if the defendant denies it, it is not notorious — which they seem to feel as ",[1737,6880,1739],{}," e. § ",[15,6883,6884],{},"Quando","; if this chapter [holds], I greatly grant [it]. But on the contrary, whether the notorious ceases to be notorious — [some] say it does. But when one ceases from the act of sinning and no trace of the sin remains — for instance, where a presbyter has a hearth-mate and it is notorious, [and] he dismisses her, and afterward takes her back — at once it ceases to be notorious. But I say that, from when it is once notorious, it is always notorious to those still living to whom it is notorious — as when the concubine of the fornicator does not pass to another place or enter [another house] with him, or unless it altogether falls from the memory of those people. As to what he says about the trace — namely that another trace of the sin must appear in order that it remain notorious, such as public sons of the fornicator — I do not approve, because there are many crimes whose traces cannot remain, such as simony, homicide, the sodomitic deed, and the like.",{"title":36,"searchDepth":37,"depth":37,"links":6887},[6888,6889,6890,6891,6892],{"id":3293,"depth":1863,"text":3294},{"id":3303,"depth":1863,"text":3304},{"id":3310,"depth":1863,"text":3311},{"id":3317,"depth":1863,"text":3318},{"id":3332,"depth":1863,"text":3333},"with an abolitio intervening ex lege, [he] is not prohibited from bringing [a charge] concerning the defendants — that is, anew concerning new defendants — yet only within 30 useful days and not before, as has been said, as in ;;; e. q., whence ;;; or ;;;. And note that, in the manner of an abolitio sought, the consent of the defendant is not always required: namely, if the defendant has already suffered some injuries — namely of tortures or of prison — abolitio will not be granted without his consent; but if he has suffered nothing of the sort, and [the matter is] against a new defendant, abolitio will be granted, even if it is not sought by the actor within 30 days, as in C. De abolitione, lex ult. But outside [that case], if the accuser and the accused wish that abolitio be granted, the judge must never grant it indifferently, except in the greatest crimes — for instance, treason or betrayal — then abolitio will be granted even though both parties wish [it]. For if witnesses, freeborn, are already [entered] in the books or have been subjected to tortures, abolitio will not be granted, even with the consent of both parties. Likewise, if the accuser has accused fallaciously and the accused has been fallaciously accused, abolitio ought not to be granted. All this is found in C. De abolitionibus, l. ult., and C. De calumniatoribus, l. Fallaciter.",{},"\u002Freadings\u002Ftranslation\u002Fhuguccio-summa-causa-1\u002F119rb",{"description":6893},"readings\u002Ftranslation\u002Fhuguccio-summa-causa-1\u002F119rb","1NraiKZwpPvX6XmJMP51gxF4iavDJbrDgtJQNajprj8",1789161132029]