Decretum of Gratian, emended and illustrated with annotations, with the glosses

Glossa ordinaria on Causa 1, Question 1 (Simoniacal Ordination)

Glossa ordinaria ad C. 1 q. 1

1216·Causa I, Quaestio I·p. 467–529
Decretum of Gratian, emended and illustrated with annotations, with the glossesJohannes TeutonicusJohannes Teutonicus

Causa I, Quaestio I

(Continuing the preceding canon, from p. 466.)

Iudas omnium redemptorem vendidit, mox laqueo suspensus eandem redemptoris gratiam non obtinuit; et merito, quia nemo potest retinere, quod vendidit. Simon etiam magus cum eandem spiritus sancti gratiam emere vellet, damnationis sententiam a Petro audivit: "Pecunia tua tecum sit in perditionem, quia donum Dei existimasti pecunia possideri." Dominus etiam ut vendentes et ementes huius gratiae expertes ostenderet, cunctos peccatores per gratiam in templo dimisit; singulariter vendentes et ementes increpans, et flagellis de templo eiecit, in quo venditores et emptores suos gratia spiritus sancti constat destitutos esse et vacuos. Quos enim Christus eiecit de templo, nunquid spiritus Christi faciet sibi templum?

In operibus B. Gregorii Nazianzeni, quae multa graece et latine extant, nihil tale repertum est. Habentur autem similia in epistola Tarasii ad Hadrianum.

a. Iudas. Sed nunquid Iudas commisit simoniam? Certum est. Et quidem plagium commisit in eo, qui liberum hominem vendidit. ff. ad leg. Flav. de plagi. l. 1. Simoniam etiam commisit in eo, quod rem sacram vendidit. Dicit H. quod Dominus non potest vendere servum suum ?.

b. Vendidit. Nota, quod dicit "vendidit"; et tamen iste quando exegit munera, iam ille gratiam fuerat consecutus. Et hoc est argumentum contra eos, qui non exigunt ante collationem beneficii, sed post. Arg. 7. q. 1. eos; et q. 6. c. 3. si quis obiecerit. ff. de calum. l. 1. § qui autem. Tamen quidam dicunt Giezi damnatum non pro venditione, sed pro mendacio, quod mihi non placet.

c. Pecunia tua. Hoc in detestationem criminis dictum est. 1. q. 3. §. contra.

d. Dimisit. Arg. quilibet propter peccatum mortale erat privatus introitu ecclesiae. Ar. ne poe. dist. 5. qui sanctus sacerdos; 31. q. 4. vir cum propria. Nam Dominus solos simoniacos de corpore ecclesiae eiecit, relictis aliis peccatoribus. Intellige tamen hoc de illis, qui simoniam committunt in ordine accepto: licet auctoritas generaliter loqui videatur. Unde dic cum Baz. et M. quod nec talis simoniacus nec publicus fornicator debet ecclesiam ante poenitentiam intrare. De hac materia notavi 33. q. 4. ut cum propria. Io. tamen dicit (quod etiam mihi saepe respondit), quod peccator quilibet, et etiam excommunicatus, potest orare, dummodo non intersit divinis officiis, cum non inveniatur prohibitum, extra de sen. exc. cum nuper. H.

Item Gregorius.

Quicumque sacros ordines vendunt, aut emunt, sacerdotes esse non possunt. Unde scriptum est: "Anathema danti, anathema accipienti; hoc est simoniaca haeresis." Quomodo ergo, si anathema sunt, et sancti non sunt, sanctificare alios possunt? et cum in Christi corpore non sint, quomodo Christi corpus tradere, vel accipere possunt? Qui maledictus est, benedicere quomodo potest?

Deus dedit in tractatu contra Symoniacos refert hoc ex epistola Paschalis Papae secundi ad Mediolanenses.

e. Quicumque. CASUS. Dicitur hic quod simoniaci non possunt promoveri, sive dantes, sive accipientes. Nam dantes et accipientes simoniaci sunt; et cum maledicti sint, alios benedicere non possunt; quia per poenitentiam reconciliantur. Quamquam pro pecunia acquisitum tamen per pecuniam aliquid impendere noluerit, et poenam suam effectum ?.

f. Unde scriptum est. Qui ordini accepto pretium, et ordo ut ordinetur accipit pretium, accipit aliquid quod non poscit ?. Cum pretium accipit, et § ca. et post tantum.

g. Haeresis. Sic dixit Christus: simonia haeresis est. H.

h. Christi corpus tradere. ?

Idem Gregorius Syagrio et aliis episcopis, lib. 7. epist. 110.

Cum liqueat hanc haeresim ante omnes a radice pestifera surrepsisse, atque in ipsa origine sua apostolica esse detestatione damnatam; cur non cavetur? cur non perpenditur, quia benedictio illi in maledictionem convertitur, qui ad hoc ut fiat haereticus promovetur?

α. Omnes. Antea legebatur "omnia", sed glossa videtur magis connexa lectionis restituta, quae est in aliquibus manuscriptis et ipso originali.

i. Ante omnes. Contra: de cons. dist. ?, hoc verum est post resurrectionem, ut omnibus aliis.

k. Origine. Nota quod dicit "origine", hoc verum est ?.

Item Ambrosius de ministeriis†, seu de dignitate sacerdotali, c. 5.

Cum ordinaretur episcopus, quod dedit, aurum fuit; quod perdidit, anima fuit: cum alium ordinaret, quod accepit, pecunia fuit; quod dedit, lepra fuit a.

Idem ibidem.

Gratiam, cum ordinareris, non suscepisti; quia gratuito eam non meruisti b.

Idem lib. 4. ad cap. 4. Lucae.

Cito turpem sequitur lepra mercedem, et pecunia corpus, animumque male quaesita commaculat. Et paulo post. ¶Vides, quia facto auctoris successio damnatur heredis†. Inexpiabilis est c enim venditi culpa mysterii†, et gratiae vindicta caelestis transit ad posteros. ¶Denique Moabita d, et ceteri non intrabunt ecclesiam usque ad tertiam e et quartam generationem; tamdiu videlicet (ut simplicius interpretemur) donec culpam auctorum multiplicis f successio generationis aboleret. Sed cum illi, qui in Deum idololatriae errore deliquerunt, in quartam g α generationem videantur esse mulctati; profecto durior h videtur esse sententia, qua Giezi semen usque in aeternum protrahatur.

a. Cum ordinaretur. Lepra fuit. Id est, peccati vulnere se infectum reddidit.

b. Gratiam. Non meruisti. Ar. 21. q. 4. c. 1.

Cito. CASUS. Tangitur hic quod dicit in quarto lib. Regum, quod Naaman Syrus postquam ab Heliseo lepra mundatus esset, recessit: Giezi autem puer Helisei, videns, quod Dominus nihil acceperat ab eo, clam secutus est eum dicens duos filios prophetarum venisse ad Dominum suum, mandareque ei Heliseum, ut mitteret sibi talentum argenti, et duo mutatoria vestimentorum, quae cum misisset, accepit ea Giezi, et abscondit. Dum autem postea staret coram Domino suo, dixit ei Heliseus, vnde venis? respondit, Servus tuus non iuit quoquam. at ille, cor meum erat in praesenti. nunc autem accepisti argentum et vestes, et lepra Naaman adhaerebit tibi, et semini tuo in aeternum, et egressus est ab eo leprosus sicut nix.

c. Inexpiabilis est. Quo ad ordinis executionem: vel dic, quod in detestationem criminis dicitur, et sicut culpa discordiae, quae forte nec passione purgatur, ut s. dist. 90. neq; ad Cain: vel quia poenitet usque ad mortem, infra ead. si quis.

† al. ministerii.

DENIQUE. CASUS. Dicitur, etiam, quod Ammonitae et Moabitae, qui pocesserunt ex filiis Loth, restituerunt filiis Israel venientibus de Aegypto, propter idololatriam, ad quam eos induxerunt, et ideo prohibiti sunt intrare ecclesiam usque ad tertiam et quartam generationem. Casus ergo huius canonis tendit in hoc, ut in summa hac probare, quod crimen simoniae sit gravius, quam crimen idololatriae. Nam crimen idololatriae usque ad tertiam et quartam generationem punitur; cum tamen crimen idololatriae ? in tertia et quarta generatione intrare ecclesiam prohibeatur: semen vero simoniacorum in aeternum punitur. Semen autem mystice intelligitur in successione vitiorum, et non in successione generis, sicut accipitur ibi: vos ex parte diabolo nati estis. Simoniaci autem et Giezitici hic large intelliguntur omnes cupidi, et omnes avari. Et poteris prius ponere casum et postea narrare historias, et e converso.

d. ¶Moabitae. Isti Moabitae et Ammonitae erant, et cum redirent filij Israel de captivitate Aegyptiaca, et scirent isti, quod imminebant ecclesiae, exierunt eis cum pane sine poris: ducentes secum Balaam ariolum, ut eis malediceret: propter quod peccatum praecepit Dominus ne eos faceret proselytos?, reciperent in ecclesiam Dei usque in septimam generationem: licet secundum aliam translationem dicatur usque in x. Sed non contradicunt sibi: nam descendentes per sexum masculinum non recipiebantur usque in septimam: per femininum usque in x. Sed Hebraeus dixit, quod nihil aliud erat recipere eos ad ecclesiam Dei, nisi dare eis nuptui filias suas. historiam de illis Moabitis habet 35. dist. capitu. sexto die.

e. ¶Usque ad tertiam. Id est, nisi habeant fidem Trinitatis, et quatuor genera virtutum, vel quatuor Euangeliorum.

f. ¶Multiplicis. Arg. culpam vel dolum purgari processu temporis, ut 2. q. 1. in primis. 35. q. 8. de gradibus. ff. de hae. uel ac. uen. l. venditor. ff. de ac. et ob. is qui. extra de toto. extra qui ma. acq. pos. insuper. arg. contra. j. ead. centum. ff. depo. l. 1. § si tem. ff. de cond. fur. l. qui furtum. et l. ulti. Sed rei veritas est, quod licet non possit purgari processu temporis, quo ad praesentem casum, purgatur tamen per ecclesiae dispensationem, ut 23. q. 4. ipsa pietas. uersi. est enim. Vnde versus: Composito lacte foetenti quaeso cibare, Qui putat exclusum crimen per temporis usum. de consue. cap. quanto. in gl. solam consuetudinem.

g. ¶In quartam. Hic non prosequitur Ambrosius interpretationem, sed 70. interpretum. Vel dic quod refert se hic ad mysticum intellectum, id est, donec habeant fidem Trinitatis, et quatuor Euangeliorum.

h. ¶Durior. Et quis dubitat sceleratius esse commissum quod durius est vindicatum, ut infra 24. q. 1. non affe?. ramus in si. quod perpetuum est, licet et propriae uxoris interfectos gravius puniatur (ut J. 33. q. 2. admonere) quam matricida. 33. q. 2. latorem. quod tamen speciale est ob frequentem causam factum, et ob pronam in uxores suas malitiam refrenandam. talia (quia sunt specialia) ad consequentiam trahi non debet. Io. ut 27. q. 1. nuptiarum. et dist. 27. si vir.

(Continuing canon C. XVI from p. 468.)

protrahatur cupiditate habendi, prophetica auctoritate damnatur (praesertim a cum Dominus noster Iesus Christus per lavacri b regenerationem omnibus remissionem dederit peccatorum) nisi vitiorum c magis, quam generis semen intelligas. Sicut enim qui filij promissionis sunt, aestimantur in semen bonum; ita etiam, qui filij erroris sunt; aestimantur in semen malum. Nam et Iudaei ex patre diabolo, non vtique carnis successione, sed criminis. Ergo omnes cupidi, omnes auari Giezi lepram cum diuitijs suis possident, et male quaesita mercede, non tam patrimonium facultatum, quam thesaurum criminum congregarunt aeterno supplicio, et breui fructu.

α. ¶In quartam. Antea legebatur "in tertiam et quartam": Sed et a B. Ambrosij, et ab vno vetusto Gratiani codice abest vox, tertiam. Deuteronomij autem 23. Idumaeorum quidem, et Aegyptiorum filij permittuntur tertia generatione intrare in ecclesiam Domini, sed de Moabitis sic scribitur: Ammonites, et Moabites, etiam post decimam generationem non intrabunt ecclesiam Domini in aeternum.

β. ¶Peccatorum. Sequebatur: cur ergo Giezi semen in aeternum damnatur? quae apud B. Ambrosium non habentur.

§ 2. Quia ergo auctoritate Leonis Papae simoniaci non nisi spiritum mendacij accipiunt, secundum Gregorium apud simoniacos sacerdotium non subsistit γ, benedictio eorum in maledictionem convertitur, apud eos manet anathema dantis et accipientis, cum sancti non sint, nec in Christi corpore constituti, cum sint maledicti; nec sanctificare alios possunt, nec corpus Christi tradere, vel accipere, nec benedicere alijs valent: secundum †Ambrosium vero anathematis opprobrio condemnantur, atque a participatione corporis et sanguinis Christi alienantur, cum accipiatur aurum, et lepra detur; cum inexpiabilis sit culpa venditi mysterij†. Secundum Chalcedonense concilium ex tali ordinatione nihil proficere indicantur, secundum Gelasium Simonis damnatione involuuntur, secundum Gregorium Nazianzenum in sacro ordine permanere, aut renouari nulla ratione possunt: ab Heliseo lepra perfunduntur, a Petro in perditionem damnantur, a Christo vero de templo eijciuntur, quid aliud simoniacus simoniaco in sua ordinatione potest conferre, nisi quod Innocentius de ceteris haereticis testatur, dicens, epistola decima octava ad Alexandrum, c. 3.

γ. ¶Non subsistit. Simoniaci recipiunt quidem characterem, sed sunt ipso facto suspensi. Ita ratione habita usus, vere dici potest ipsorum sacerdotium non subsistere, ac propterea rectissime B. Gregorius lib. 10. epist. 33. Victori episcopo scribens simoniacam ordinationem vocat illicitam, et effectu carentem.

Qvi perfectionem spiritus, quam acceperant, perdiderunt, non eius dare plenitudinem d possunt (quae maxime operatur in ordinationibus) quam per suam perfidiam perdiderunt. Et iterum. Qui honorem non habuit, honorem dare non potuit: nec aliquid ille accepit, quia nihil erat in eo unde

a. ¶Praesertim. Respicit id quod dixerat durior: vel incipit ibi versus, et respicit ad litteram sequentem, (scilicet, cur ergo Christi nomine) cur ergo lavacri ?.

b. ¶Per lavacri. Sine quo nemo habet vitam aeternam, nisi pro Christi nomine quis fuerit baptizatus sanguine, ut 15. q. 1. c. firmissime. et de confec. dist. 4. cap. firmissime.

c. ¶Nisi vitiorum. Sophistice argumentatur: nam idem est in idololatria; sed in praedictis non considerat nisi litteralem intellectum.

QUIA ERGO. Haec est secunda pars quaestionis, in qua latenter supponit de ordinatis ab haereticis, (scilicet praeter formam ecclesiae) et dicit quod tales non recipiuntur nisi ad damnationem. Ioan. de Fa[ventia]?. CASUS. Concludit nunc Gratianus fere ex omnibus cap. supradictis, dicens quod simoniaci, smsecundum Leonem, non accipiunt nisi spiritum mendacij, et quia secundum Gregorium apud eos sacerdotium non subsistit, et quia benedictio eorum in maledictionem convertitur, etc. nihil aliud potest conferre simoniacus simoniaco ? haereticus haeretico.

¶Qvi perfectionem. CASUS. Hoc est intelligitur de illis, qui in ecclesia catholica ordinati fuerunt, sed postea labuntur in haeresim: et sic gratiam spiritus sancti, quam acceperant (quae maxime in ordinibus operatur) amiserunt. cum ergo eam non habeant, eam dare non possunt; quia qui non habet honorem, eum alij dare non potest: sed damnationem dabit, quam cum uero ordine habet.

d. ¶Plenitudine. Id est executionem ordinis. hic interferit magister de ordinibus haereticorum 1. Sed quidquid Io. de Fa[ventia]? et alij de hac materia dixerunt?.

†al. nisi vero vitiorum.

(Continuing canon C. XVII from p. 469.)

eo undante: sed damnationem, quam habuit, per prauam manus impositionem dedit.

In hoc capite non referuntur ipsa prorsus verba Innocentii, quae tamen habentur partim infra ead. c. Arriano, partim in capite nunc sequenti, ventum est. in versiculo, Sed e contra ratio.

Idem Rufo, et alijs episcopis, epist. 22. c. 3.

Ventum est a ad tertiam quaestionem, quae pro sui difficultate† b longiorem exigit disputationem. Cum nos dicamus ab haereticis ordinatos, vulneratum c per illam manus impositionem habere caput d, vbi vulnus e infixum est, medicina f est adhibenda, qua possit recipere sanitatem†. Quae sanitas post vulnus secuta sine cicatrice esse g non poterit atque vbi poenitentiae remedium necessarium est, illic ordinationis honorem locum habere h non posse decernimus. Nam si ut legitur, quod tetigerit immundus, immundum erit; quomodo ei tribuetur i, quod munditia, ac puritas consueuit accipere? ¶Sed e contrario asseritur, eum, qui honorem amisit, honorem dare non posse, nec illum aliquid accepisse k: quia nihil in dante erat, quod ille posset accipere. Acquiescimus, et verum est certe, quia quod non habuit, dare non potuit. Damnationem vtique, quam habuit, per prauam manus impositionem dedit; et qui particeps effectus est damnato, quomodo debeat salvari? ...

(Continuation of the gloss on §3 from p. 469, beginning of left margin.) ... dixerunt, istud est tenendum, quod quilibet eps siue catholicus siue haereticus, siue in ecclesia, siue extra conferat ordinem, dum tamen conferat secundum formam ecclesiae, recipit ordinatus, ordinem. licet non recipiat executionem ordinis. similiter quod taliter ordinati alios ordinent, idem sic in infinitum, ut J. ea. quod quidam. 9. q. 1. ordinationes. Idem dico de conficiendo corpore Christi. J. ea. dominus declarauit. § c. non nocet. infra de confe. distin. 4. non in nobis. loquitur ergo principium capituli de his qui in forma ecclesiae receperunt ordinem. Secunda pars de illis qui extra formam, illi nihil recipiunt, nec aliquid conferunt: quia nemo dare potest, etc. ut supra ca. 1. et infra. q. 7. Daibertum.

ADDITIO. Dicit Laurentius de huiusmodi haereticis multa mendacia scripta sunt et inutiliter. Ioan. de Fant. et Goffredus dicunt, quod haereticus, qui recipit ultimam manus impositionem extra ecclesiam non cōfert, sed cōfundit eos. J. ead. q. 7. cōvenientibus. Archid.

¶Ventum est. CASUS. Tres quaestiones fecerunt episcopi Macedones Innocentio. Prima fuit, utrum ducens viduam in uxorem possit promoueri, vel iam promotus debeat deponi. Secunda fuit utrum dicendus sit bigamus qui antebaptismum habuit unam uxorem, et post baptismum aliam: quibus explicitis, s. 34. dist. si quis viduam. et 26. dist. deinde opponitur. accedit in hoc c. ad tertiam, quae talis est, scilicet vtrum redeuntes ab haereticis qui apud eos ordinati fuerunt, apud nos ad ordines sunt admittendi. Et respondet quod non: quia in reconciliatione imponitur eis penitentia, post quam remanet quaedam cicatrix, id est irregularitas, quae eos a promotione repellit. Sed si hoc dupliciter opponitur: si haereticus aliquem ordinauit qui honorem amisit, nihil contulit ordinato. ergo perinde a catholicis ordinari, ac si numquam ordinatus fuisset. Sed respondet Innocentius falsum esse, quia damnatum accepit, eum non impedit promoueri. Secundo objicitur, si quam maculam ex ordinatione haereticorum incurrit, ex canonica ordinatione deletur. Et respondet, quod illud est falsum. nam si ita esset, pro nihilo ageret poenitentiam, sed accederet ad ordinationem ubi omnia crimina delentur. de consuetudine igitur Romanae ecclesiae est, ut venientes ab haereticis ad laicalem communionem tantum admittantur, et non clericis: ad tres quaestiones ponuntur hic, una principalis et duae incidentes, et ad omnes sufficienter respondet.

¶Ventum est. Tres namque Macedones episcopi, quibus scribit Innocentius inter alia fecerant quaestiones. Prima erat utrum adducens viduam 1. in uxorem possit promoueri: vel iam factus clericus pp? hoc debeat deponi? Cuius determinationem ponit s. dist. 34. si quis viduam. Secunda erat, utrum dicendus esset bigamus qui ante baptismum unam, post baptismum habuit alteram? cuius determinationem ponit ?

†al. Pro sui difficultate.

c. ¶Vulneratum. Id est, capitale et sacramentale dignitate cum vulnerea. cum damnatione suscepta tenere.

d. ¶Caput. Id est, animam culpae macula vulneratam, et ea ponitur pro homine de confec. dist. 5. de tales.

e. ¶Vulnus. ¶Vbi enim malum contingit, ibi moriatur. et q. 4. peccaveris.

f. ¶Medicina. Hoc videtur sic exponendum, id est, recludendum est in his sacramentum. J. ea. q. vij. per illicitum hoc enim videtur intelligendum cum omissa fuit hic. arg. 1. q. vij. Daibertum ubi hoc inducitur.

g. ¶Cicatrice esse. J. quae? et si poeniteant, tn? irregularitas ponet, quae non aboletur per penitentiam, ut 25. dist. primum. et 50. dist. illud. et 1. dist. 7. si quis omnino habere. J. infra 23. q. 4. ipsa pietas contra. Sed sibi decernatis catholicis, et possit in haeresim labentibus: hic in quibus haereticis manus impositionem acceperunt?. Vel hoc ?gore, illud de misericordia.

h. ¶Quomodo ei tribuetur. Arg. quod uxor non tenetur reddere debitum uiro leproso. Arg. s. 12. q. 7. omnes. et q. 5. si quis uxorem. Vide de hoc cui est standum, extra de coniug. lepro. cap. 1. et 2.

i. ¶Accepisse. Alias accipere, et supple, et ideo non nocere quominus ordinari possit, quia id quod nihil est, et praestare impedimentum, ut extra de iure pa. qui in fine. Sed hoc falsum extra de spon. c. ad audiendum. Damnationem. J. ead. ea damnationem quod damnose habuit, damnat dare dedit. et ita factus est particeps damnationis. J. ea. q. 7. si quis. J. ead. q. 4. § cum venita de confe. dist. 4. ab antiquo.

(Continuing canon C. XVIII from p. 470.)

honorem accipere, invenire non possum. Sed dicitur b vera, ac iusta legitimi sacerdotis benedictio c auferre omne vitium, quod a vitioso fuerat iniectum. Ergo si ita est, applicentur ad ordinationem sacrilegi, adulteri, atque omnium criminum rei: quia benedictione ordinationis crimina, vel vitia putantur auferri: nullus sit poenitentiae locus; quia id potest praestare ordinatio, quod longa satisfactio praestare consuevit. Sed nostrae d lex e ecclesiae est, venientibus ab haereticis, qui tamen illic baptizati sunt, per manus impositionem f, laicam tantum tribuere communionem, nec ex his aliquem in clericatus honorem vel exiguum g subrogare.

§ 3. Sed obicitur, alii haeretici a fide exorbitant: simoniaci autem et si gratiam spiritus sancti venalem putant, tamen a fide alieni non sunt: atque ideo, quod ab Innocentio de ceteris haereticis decernitur, non valet de his consequenter intelligi. His h ita respondetur. Simoniaci et si fidem tenere videantur infidelitatis tamen perditioni subiciuntur.

Unde beatus Ambrosius in secundo libro de poenitentia, c. 4. adversus Novatianos scribit dicens.

Petrus Simoni, qui magicae artis consuetudine depravatus i putasset, quod gratiam Christi per impositionem k manus, atque infusionem spiritus sancti compararet pecunia, ait: "Non est tibi pars, neque sors in hac fide a l: quia cor tuum non est rectum apud Deum, &c." Vides quod hunc magica vanitate blasphemantem in spiritum sanctum apostolica auctoritate condemnet; et eo magis, quia puram conscientiam m fidei n non habebat?

In hac fide. Vulgata editio habet, in sermone isto, Graece ?.

Item Gregorius lib. 9. 53. ad Theodoricum Regem.

Cum omnis avaritia o idolo-

a. Non possum. De mero iure, nam ex dispensatione possum. Infra ea. q. ult. convenientibus.

b. Sed dicitur. Id est, obicitur. Et haec erat secunda obiectio, quae fiebat Innocentio. Prima fuit ibi, sed contra.

c. Benedictio. Quae est cum ab haereticis rediens reconciliatur ecclesiae. Vel quae erat secundum illos contra quos hic agit Innoc. quando reverentes ad ecclesiam iterum ordinantur, vel quandocumque aliquis ordinatur. H.

d. Sed nostrae. Scilicet occidentalis. Haec est tertia ro.

e. Lex. Id est, consuetudo. C. de man. li. l. 1. alibi ponitur pro regula. J. ea. q. 7. c. 2. alibi ponitur pro ratione. j. dist. consuetudo. alibi pro canone 5. dist. 31. Nicaena 1.

f. Per manus impositionem. q.d. non solum qui ab haereticis ordinati sunt, non possunt habere honorem in ecclesia: sed etiam qui apud eos baptizati sunt tantum, ita quod non ordinati, ut J. ead. q. 7. qui in qualibet.

g. Vel exiguum. Secus in orientali ecclesia, quae illos per unctionem chrismatis reformat, ut J. de cons. dist. 4. ab antiqua. J. ca. q. 4. placuit, contra. Sed ibi de infantibus, hic de adultis et discretis, de consec. dist. 4. c. sicut 2.

SED OBIICITUR. Haec est tertia pars quaestionis, in qua dicitur quod non videtur idem de simoniacis quoad de haereticis: et respondet quod idem est, quod simoniaci sunt infideles: et hoc probat per quattuor auctoritates. Io. de Fa. CASUS. Dictum est s. in §. quia. et cap. seq. quod simoniaci comparantur haereticis, obicit nunc Gratianus dicens: Haeretici fidem non habent, sed simoniaci sic, licet gratiam spiritus sancti venalem putant, et quod dictum est in illo cap. qui perfectionem. non potest de haereticis intelligi. Ad hoc respondet dicens, quod simoniaci etsi fidem habere videantur, tamen infidelitati subiciuntur, quod probatur per capitulum sequens.

h. His. Dictis a se. Nam sibi ipsi opponit propter comparationem inter simoniacos et haereticos in §. qua. in fi. Et ita sub alternatione veniet usque ad §. constat ergo.

PETRUS. CASUS. Apparet ex historia, quae talis est. Legitur in actibus Apostolorum quod cum Simon magus nuper ad fidem conversus videret ad umbram Petri infirmos sanari, ut hoc donum carius aliis venderet, voluit a Petro emere, et obtulit ei pecuniam, quem Petrus damnavit dicens: Pecunia tua sit tecum in perditionem, quia existimasti, &c. Et ideo quia cor eius apud Deum rectum non erat, eum damnavit. Sequens cap. patet.

i. Depravatus. Similiter dicit capit. de Saule, quod depravatus causa peccati ad hoc se contulit, quod damnaverat. 26. quaestio. 5. nec mirum. ultra medium.

k. Per impositionem. Scilicet ut cuicumque imponeret manum, acciperet spiritum sanctum, et ei infunderetur spiritus sanctus.

l. In hac fide. Scilicet nostra catholica: sed in actibus Apostolorum habetur in sermone isto, ut J. ead. eos qui. Unde potest dici, in fide tua, id est, in eo quod credis obtinere, scilicet; ut pecunia infundatur spiritus sanctus ?. In hoc facit ad propositum Gratiani: quia dicit, non est tibi pars in hac fide, et ita infidelis, ergo haereticus. Et sic exaudi cap. sequens, &c.

m. Puram conscientiam. Quae etiam ad actum progressa est. Sic exaudi de pe. dist. 1. cap. si cui etiam non contingat.

n. Fidei. Et in hoc facit ad propositum.

o. Cum omnis avaritia. Ideo dicitur avaritia specialiter servitus idolorum, quia tanquam Deo exhibet avarus nummo reverentiam. J. 11. q. 3. pauper.

(Continuing canon C. XX from p. 471.)

rum a sit servitus, quisquis hanc, et maxime in dandis ecclesiasticis honoribus vigilanter non praecavet, infidelitatis perditioni b subicitur c, etiam si tenere fidem, quam negligit α, videatur.

α. ¶Quam negligit. Sic est emendatum ex manuscriptis exemplaribus, et originali. In vulgatis enim legebatur, fidem verbis, quam negat facto, videatur.

Item ex epist. Tarasii Constantinopolitani episcopi missa Papae Hadriano.

Eos, qui per pecunias manus imposuerunt, vel impositionem receperunt, Petrus divinus d Apostolus (cuius cathedram fortassis usurpastis ?) tanquam Simonem magum deponit. Et infra. ¶Tolerabilior est enim Macedonii, et eorum e, qui circa ipsum sunt, spiritus sancti impugnatorum impia haeresis. Illi enim creaturam, et servum Dei patris, et filii, spiritum sanctum delirando fatentur: Isti vero eundem spiritum efficiunt f suum servum. Omnis enim dominus, quod habet, si vult g, vendit, sive servum, sive aliquid aliud eorum, quae possidet. Similiter et qui emit, dominus eius volens esse, quod emerit, per pretium pecuniae h illud acquirit. Ita et qui hanc iniquam actionem operantur, detrahunt i spirituisancto; aequaliter peccantes his, qui blasphemaverunt dicentes Christum in Beelzebub eiicere Daemonia; atque ut verius dicamus, Iudae comparantur, proditori, qui Iudaeis Dei occisoribus Christum vendidit. Cum ergo k spiritus sanctus consubstantialis sit Christo, eiusdem omnino et ipsi portionis erunt. Et proculdubio in eis non est gratia spiritus sancti, id est sacerdotii sanctitas. Nam quod non acceperunt, non habent. Ait enim Petrus Simoni: Non est tibi pars, neq. sors in sermone isto, quia existimasti donum Dei pecunia possideri. Et infra. ¶Nam et vicesimus nonus canon sanctorum l Apostolorum, et actus eorundem et tertius m, et quartus n liber regnorum alienum omnino a sacerdotio pronunciant eum, qui aliquando dederit, vel acceperit pecuniam in aliquo tempore; sive ante manus impositionem, sive in ipsa manus impo-

a. ¶Idolorum. Arg. 6. q. 1. quaero.

b. ¶Perditioni. Et ita est haereticus secundum propositum Gratiani.

c. ¶Subicitur. Potius enim vocatur, quam sit. J. 24. q. 2. sane. Et infra 22. q. 5. cavere. 8. q. 1. sciendum. Infra 23. q. 4. forte. Ioan.

EOS. CASUS. Sicut beatus Petrus Simonem damnavit, ita omnes simoniacos non immerito damnat et deponit, quod sex rationibus probatur. Prima est, quia deteriores sunt Macedonianis, qui spiritum sanctum dicunt esse servum patris et filii ?, isti faciunt eum servum, quia eum vendunt. Secunda, quia dominus, quod habet, si vult, vendit. Sed deus non habet spiritum sanctum ?, sed est ipse spiritus sanctus. Tertia, quia detrahunt spiritui sancto, sicut Iudaei dixerunt opera, quae faciebat Christus, in Beelzebub fieri. Quarta, quia comparantur Iudae, et eo deteriores sunt, quia Iudas dabat Christum non incipiendo eum ?, isti vero spiritum sanctum, qui consubstantialis est Christo. Quinta, quia non habent spiritum sanctum, ut patet ex auctoritate Petri: Non est tibi pars, &c. Sexta, quia vicesimus nonus canon sanctorum Apostolorum, et tertius et quartus liber regnorum prohibent simoniacos in sacerdotio permanere.

d. ¶Divinus. In bona significatione in deitate sumitur, vel a divinitate, sic supra 38. distinct. omnes. distinct. omnes, non a divinatione, ut infra ea. nunquam.

e. ¶Et eorum. Id est, sequacium eius.

f. ¶Efficiunt. Scilicet quantum in se est, sicut emere et vendere ordinatum infra ead. causa, quaestio 3. salvator. B.

ADDITIO. 49. distin. c. ult. de consec. dist. 4. c. quaris. Inf. ead. iudices. Arch.

g. ¶Si vult. Nihil enim tam consonum, etc. insti. de rerum div. § per traditionem. C. de contrah. emp. dudum. in fi. niti ubi lex inhibet venditionem. extra de iure patronatus. de iure. C. de reb. alien. l. ulti. Immo et quandoque compellitur vendere. C. de communi ser. ma. l. 1. ff. de reli. si quis sepulchrum. et ff. communi divi. l. 1. § ult. emere autem non compellitur quis. C. de iure delib. nec emere. arg. C. de don. sancimus.

h. ¶Pecuniae. Nam pretium in pecunia numerata consistit, ut institu. de emp. et ven. § item pretium. arg. extra de re. permu. ad quaestiones. nam ubi aliud pro alio datur in specie, permutatio est. ff. de contrah. emp. l. 1. Sed tamen hic emptio large, et pecunia similiter large accipitur, ut infra. q. 3. per totum.

i. ¶Detrahunt. Sicut enim Iudaei miraculorum operationem tribuebant diabolo, quae per spiritum sanctum fiebant; ita isti ordines, qui sunt dona spiritus sancti, per diabolum sibi acquirunt.

k. ¶Cum ergo. Melius diceret, cum enim, &c. secundum quod potest sequitur in littera.

l. ¶Canon sanctorum. Qui sic se habet: Si quis episcopus, presbyter, aut diaconus obtinuerit per pecuniam dignitatem, et ipse et ordinator eius modis omnibus a communione abscindantur, sicut Simon magus a Petro. Facit ad hoc infra. quaest. 3. si quis episcopus. et cap. finali.

m. ¶Et tertius. Ubi dicitur de Hieroboam, qui quicumque volebat implebat manum suam, et fiebat sacerdos excelsorum: et propter hanc causam peccabat domus Hieroboam, et versa est et deleta de superficie terrae.

n. ¶Et quartus. Ubi de Giezi agitur.

(Continuing canon C. XXI from p. 472.)

sitione, sive post. Accipere a enim est quandocunque accipere.

¶Caput hoc est pars epistolae Tarasii ad Hadrianum. Sed immutata est aliquot locis series verborum, et epitome quaedam adhibita; quemadmodum et apud Anselmum. Integra habetur manuscripta post septimam synodum in Vaticana bibliotheca, et in Graecis eius synodi codicibus, et in Latina ex versione Anastasii bibliothecarii. Extat etiam Latine impressa apud Balsamonem. Sed in ea versione, aut interpretis, aut exemplaris, quod secutus est, Gratianus, flagitiosum mendum inest. Nam ubi Tarasius Hadrianum mirifice laudat, interpres reprehendentem inducit his verbis, fraterna ergo vestra sacerdotalis sanctitas, quae non iure, nec ex Dei voluntate pontificale ministrat, magna laborat infamia: quae cum aliis multis proxime sequentibus verbis manifesto repugnant, in quibus eum vocat virum sanctum spiritus, et aliis praeclaris titulis. Exemplaria quidem Graeca Vaticana, et septimae synodi, et ipsius Balsamonis optime habent. Quare necessarium visum est priorem epistolae partem Graece cum nova versione asserre. Reliqua ex Balsamone impresso peti poterunt.

Greek text of Tarasius's letter to Pope Hadrian, beginning with the salutation:

Τῷ τὰ πάντα ἁγιωτάτῳ καὶ μακαριωτάτῳ ἀδελφῷ καὶ συλλειτουργῷ κυρίῳ Ἁδριανῷ Πάπᾳ τῆς πρεσβυτέρας Ῥώμης.

Ταράσιος ἀνάξιος ἐπίσκοπος Κωνσταντινουπόλεως ἐν κυρίῳ χαίρειν.

Πολυμερῶς καὶ πολυτρόπως εὐαγγελικῶς καὶ ἀποστολικῶς τε καὶ πατρικῶς διδασκόμεθα ἐν τῇ τῆς ἱερωσύνης ἁγιστείᾳ, καὶ μὴ χρυσίζεσθαι, ἢ ἀργυρίζεσθαι, ἢ πεφετερίζεσθαι ἐπὶ χειροτονίᾳ παντὸς ἱερατικοῦ ἀνδρός, ὡς ὑποδείξομεν ἐν ταῖς καθ' ὑποταγὴν ῥήσεσιν ἀπό τε γραφικῶν θεηγοριῶν, καὶ πατρικῶν διδασκαλιῶν. Οἱ γὰρ ἐπιτιθέντες τὰς χεῖρας ὑπηρέται τοῦ πνεύματός εἰσιν, οὐχὶ πρᾶται ? τοῦ πνεύματος. Δωρεὰν γὰρ λαβόντες τὴν χάριν τοῦ πνεύματος, δωρεὰν δίδοσθαι τοῖς παρ' αὐτῶν μεταλαμβάνουσιν ἀπεφήναντο ἐκ τῆς κυριακῆς φωνῆς ταύτην τὴν ἐλευθεριότητα εἰληφότες. εἰ δέ τις ἐλεγχθείη χρυσίῳ ταύτην ὠνησάμενος, ἀποκήρυκτον διαγορεύουσι τὸν τοιοῦτον τῆς ἱερατικῆς τάξεως †. καὶ εἰ ἐν ὀνόματι τὴν ἱερωσύνην κεκλήσεται· ἀλλ' οὐ διαψεύδεται ? ὁ λόγος ἐπὶ τῷ πράγματι, οὐδεὶς γὰρ θεῷ δουλεύειν δύναται, καὶ μαμωνᾷ, ὡς εὐαγγελικῶς ἐμάθομεν. καὶ ἐπεὶ ἠκούσαμεν προφητικῶς τοῦ θεοῦ βοῶντος, ἱερεῖς λαλήσατε εἰς τὴν καρδίαν ἱερουσαλήμ, αὖθίς τε ἐπαπειλοῦντος ?, καὶ λέγοντος, ὁ σκοπὸς ἐὰν ἴδῃ τὴν ῥομφαίαν ἐρχομένην καὶ μὴ σημάνῃ τῇ σάλπιγγι, καὶ ὁ λαὸς μὴ φυλάξηται, καὶ ἐλθοῦσα ἡ ῥομφαία λάβῃ ἐξ αὐτῶν ψυχήν, τὸ αἷμα ἐκ τῆς χειρὸς τοῦ σκοποῦ ἐκζητήσω. φόβῳ τοῦ τῆς σιωπῆς κατακρίματος ἀναγγέλλομεν τοῖς προέδροις πᾶσι τῶν καθ' ἡμᾶς ἐκκλησιῶν· ἵνα μετὰ παρρησίας κατὰ τὸν θεῖον ἀπόστολον εἴπωμεν, καθαροί ἐσμεν ἀπὸ τοῦ αἵματος τῶν παραβαινόντων τὰς κανονικὰς διατάξεις, καὶ πάνυ γε μᾶλλον τῶν ἐπὶ χρήμασι χειροτονησάντων ἢ χειροτονηθέντων, Πέτρου τοῦ θείου ἀποστόλου, οὗ καὶ τὴν καθέδραν ἐκληρώσατο ἡ ἀδελφικὴ ὑμῶν ἁγιότης, ὡς Σίμωνα τὸν μάγον, τούτους καθελόντος. τούτου ἕνεκεν οὐχ ὑποστελλόμεθα τοῦ ἀναγ-

Marginal text-critical note: † τάξεως.

a. ¶Accipere. Arg. in electionibus, et alienationibus, ut firma sint, fieri ex consensu post sequela ?, sicut ex priori. Infra 29. q. 1. § his ita. Infra 16. q. 1. c. ulti. et 7. q. 1. cap. decimas, etc. et cap. ecclesiae, extra de iurepatura pastoralis. Argu. contra 24. distin. cap. ult.

a. ¶Accipere. Similiter et impedere, et est quandocunque impedere ?, ut infra ead. q. 3. Salvator. et ca. si quis episcopus praebendas, et c. si quis obiecerit, et ff. de calum. l. 1. § quod autem. Et ergo simoniacus est, qui ratione ordinis, vel beneficii collati aliquod munus dat, ut dixi de Giezi, supra ead. qui studet. Ioan.

Continuation of the Greek text of Tarasius's letter to Pope Hadrian, begun on p. 473.

-γέλλειν τὴν ἀλήθειαν, φυλάττοντες καὶ κρατοῦντες τὰ παρὰ τῶν ἁγίων καὶ πανευφήμων ἀποστόλων καὶ τῶν ἀοιδίμων πατέρων ἡμῶν κανονικῶς ἐκδοθέντα· καὶ εἴ τι τούτων παρεβάθη ὑπό τινων, βδελυττόμεθα. ἡ οὖν ἀδελφικὴ ὑμῶν ἀρχιεροπρεπὴς ἁγιωσύνη ἐνθέσμως καὶ κατὰ θεοῦ βούλησιν πρυτανεύσασα τὴν ἱεραρχικὴν ἁγιστείαν, διαβόητον ἔχει τὴν δόξαν. εἴρηκε γὰρ διὰ τοῦ προφήτου ὁ πρῶτος καὶ μέγας ἀρχιερεὺς ὁ Χριστὸς ὁ θεὸς ἡμῶν ζῶ ἐγώ, ἀλλ' ἢ τοὺς δοξάζοντάς με δοξάσω. οἶδας γὰρ ἀκριβῶς ἐπιθυμιῶν τῶν τοῦ πνεύματος, ὅτι φορητοτέρα μᾶλλόν ἐστι Μακεδονίου, καὶ τῶν ἀμφ' αὐτὸν πνευματομάχων ἡ δυσσεβὴς αἵρεσις. ἐκείνων γὰρ κτίσμα καὶ δοῦλον τοῦ θεοῦ καὶ πατρὸς τὸ ἅγιον πνεῦμα ληρῳδούντων, οὗτοι ἑαυτῶν, ὡς δοκοῦσι, δοῦλον αὐτὸν ποιοῦσι. πᾶς γὰρ δεσπότης ὅ τι ἂν ἔχοι, εἰ βούλοιτο, πιπράσκει, εἴτε οἰκέτην, εἴτε ἕτερον ὧν κέκτηται. ὡσαύτως καὶ ὁ ἀγοράζων δεσπότης βουλόμενος εἶναι τοῦ ἀγορασμοῦ διὰ τιμὴν ἀργυρίου τοῦτο κτᾶται. οὕτως οἱ ταύτην τὴν ἄθεσμον πρᾶξιν ἐργαζόμενοι καταβιβάζουσι τὸ πνεῦμα τὸ ἅγιον, ἴσα ἁμαρτάνοντες τοῖς βλασφημοῦσιν ἐν Βεελζεβοὺλ ἐκβάλλειν τὰ δαιμόνια τὸν Χριστόν. ἢ τό γε ἀληθέστερον εἰπεῖν, παροίκασιν Ἰούδᾳ τῷ προδότῃ, ὃς τοῖς θεοκτόνοις Ἰουδαίοις τιμῆς ἀργυρίου τὸν κύριον ἀπημπολήσατο. ὡς οὖν τὸ ἅγιον πνεῦμα ὁμοούσιόν ἐστι Χριστῷ τῷ θεῷ ἡμῶν, τῆς αὐτῆς, παντί που δῆλον, ἔσονται μερίδος, ὡς ἀποδέδεικται. εἰ δὲ οὐ πιπράσκεται, πρόδηλον γὰρ οὐδαμῶς, ἀναμφιλέκτως οὐκ ἔστιν ἐν αὐτοῖς ἡ χάρις τοῦ ἁγίου πνεύματος ἤτοι † ἡ τῆς ἱερωσύνης ἁγιστεία, καὶ ὃ οὐκ ἔλαβον, οὐδὲ ἔχουσι. μνησθήτωσαν τοῦ ἁγίου Πέτρου πρὸς τὸν τοῦτο ὑπευδυσαντα ? οὕτως λέγοντος, οὐκ ἔστι σοι μερίς, οὐδὲ κλῆρος ἐν τῷ λόγῳ. εἰ γὰρ ἀπεμπολεῖται ἡ τῆς ἱερωσύνης ἀξία, ἄρα † περιττὴ παρ' αὐτοῖς ἡ κατὰ τὸν βίον σεμνὴ πολιτεία, καὶ ἡ ἐν ἁγνείᾳ καὶ ἀρετῇ ἀναστροφή. περιττὸς κατ' αὐτοὺς καὶ Παῦλος ὁ θεῖος ἀπόστολος, διδάσκων δεῖν τὸν ἐπίσκοπον ἀνεπίληπτον εἶναι, σώφρονα, κόσμιον, διδακτικόν, ἐγκρατῆ, νηφάλεον, ἀντεχόμενον τοῦ κατὰ τὴν διδαχὴν πιστοῦ λόγου, ἵνα δυνατὸς ᾖ καὶ παρακαλεῖν ἐν τῇ ὑγιαινούσῃ διδασκαλίᾳ, καὶ τοὺς ἀντιλέγοντας ἐλέγχειν. οἴχεται τοίνυν ταῦτα πάντα ἐκ τοῦ πρατοῦ καὶ ἀγορασοῦ τῆς ἱερωσύνης. αἱ οὖν ὑποκείμεναι ἁγιόλεκτοι χρήσεις ἀλλότριον πάντῃ τῆς ἱερωσύνης ἀποφαίνονται, τὸν ποτὲ δόντα ἢ λαβόντα ἐν οἱῳδήποτε χρόνῳ, εἴτε καὶ πρὸ τῆς χειροτονίας, εἴτε καὶ ἐν τῇ χειροτονίᾳ, εἴτε καὶ μετὰ τὴν χειροτονίαν. λαβεῖν γάρ ἐστι τὸ λαβεῖν ὅτε δήποτε. ἀλλὰ καὶ πάσας τὰς προβολὰς τὰς ἐκκλησιαστικὰς ἀφορίζουσιν † ἐπὶ τῇ τῶν χρημάτων δόσει.

Marginal text-critical notes alongside this column: † εἴτουν; † ἄρε σιν.

Latin translation of Tarasius's letter follows, prepared by the editors:

Fratri, et comministro usquequaque sanctissimo, et beatissimo domino Hadriano Papae veteris Romae,

Tarasius indignus episcopus Constantinopoli novae Romae, in Domino S.

Multipliciter, multisque modis ex Evangelio, et Apostolorum, patrumque praeceptis docemur in sanctificatione sacerdotii mores ab avaritia longe alienos praestare; neque in ullius sacerdotalis viri ordinatione aurum, argentum ve accipere, aut aliud quidpiam nobis vendicare, quod sententiae ex divinis scripturis, et patrum doctrinis infra subiectae demonstrabunt. Qui enim manus imponunt, mini-

(Continuing C. XXI from p. 474, Tarasius's letter to Pope Hadrian in Latin translation.)

stri sunt ex voce Domini hac ipsa libertate, potestateque accepta, quod si quis eam auro emisse convictus fuerit; hunc ex sacerdotali ordine excidisse pronunciat; quamquam nomine sacerdotium sortitus est, sed in eum falso nomen istud conferri ex ipsa comprobatur. Nemo enim potest Deo, et mammonae servire, prout ex Evangelio didicimus. Et quoniam audivimus Deum per os prophetae clamantem: Sacerdotes loquimini ad cor Hierusalem rursusque minantem, ac dicentem: Si specula tor viderit gladium venientem, et non insonuerit buccina, et populus se non custodierit, venerit que gladius, et tulerit ex eis animam; ille quidem in iniquitate sua captus est: sanguinem autem eius de manu speculatoris requiram. Huius igitur, quae ex silentio imminet, condemnationis metu, omnibus earum, quae apud nos sunt, ecclesiarum praefectis annunciamus; ita ut fidenter divinum Apostolum imitantes, dicamus; mundi sumus a sanguine eorum, qui transgrediuntur canonicas constitutiones, et multo magis eorum, qui ob pecunias ordinaverunt, aut ordinati sunt: quippe cum Petrus divinus ille Apostolus, cuius et cathedram sortita est fraterna vestra sanctitas, hos deposuerit, ut Simonem Magum. Propterea non refugimus, quin veritatem praedicemus, servantes, ac retinentes ea, quae a sanctis, et omniquaque benedictis Apostolis, et ab inclytis patribus nostris canonice sunt tradita. Et si quid horum ab aliquibus violatum est, aversamur. Fraterna igitur vestra summo sacerdotio congruens sanctitas legitime et apte ad voluntatem Dei sacerdotalem sanctificationem ad ministras, celebrem adepta est gloriam. Dixit namque per prophetam prius et magnus Pontifex Christus: Vivo ego, nisi eos, qui me glorificant, glorificabo. Nosti enim o vir consuetudinum desideriorum, quae spiritus sunt, longe tolerabiliorem esse Macedonii, et eorum, qui ab illo, sancti spiritus impugnatorum haeresim. Nam cum illi sanctum spiritum Dei, et patris creaturam, et servum nugentur, hi suum ipsorum, quantum putant, servum ipsum faciunt. Omnis enim dominus, quidquid habet, cum libuerit, vendit, sive famulum, sive aliquid aliud ex his, quae possidet. Similiter et qui emit, volens emptae rei dominus fieri, argenti pretio eam acquirit. Ita qui hoc nefarium facinus admittunt, sancto deprimunt spiritum, aeque peccantes, atque illi, qui Christum in Beelzebub eiicere daemonia ore blasphemo dicebant; vel, ut verius dicam, Iudae proditori sunt similes, qui Dei interfectoribus Iudaeis argenti pretio Dominum vendidit. Quando igitur Spiritus sanctus consubstantialis est Christo Deo, ac forte numerandus esse, ut demonstravimus. Quod si non venditur, quemadmodum certe non venditur, competissimum quoque est in istis sancti spiritus gratiam non esse, ut sacerdotii sanctificationem: et quod non acceperunt, non habent. Meminerint sancti Petri ad eum, qui id procurarat, hoc modo dicentis: Non est tibi pars, neque sors in sermone isto. Nam si venditur sacerdotii dignitas; supervacua igitur apud ipsos est honesta vitae institutio, et puritatis, virtutisque cultus: supervacuus apud ipsos et Paulus divinus Apostolus, docens oportere episcopum esse sine crimine, temperantem, modestum, aptum ad docendum, continentem, sobrium, insistentem fideli secundum doctrinam sermoni, ut potens sit et exhortari in doctrina sana, et contra dicentes refellere. Pereunt igitur haec omnia ex eo, quod sacerdotium venditur, et emitur. Subiectae igitur sententiae ex sanctis collectae alienum omnino a sacerdotio pronunciant eum, qui quocumque tempore dederit, vel acceperit, sive ante ordinationem sive in ordinatione, sive post ordinationem, Accipere n. est quandocumque accipere. Sed et omnes ec clesiasticae promotiones, in quibus pecunia intervenit, irritas esse iubent.

Item ex concilio Bracarensi c. 3.

Et qui dat, et qui accipit, ut ordines sacri praestentur, anathema sit.

Placuit, ut de a ordinatione clericorum, episcopi munera nulla accipiant: sed sicut scriptum est, quod gratis donante Deo accipiunt, gratis dent. Non aliquo pretio gratia Dei, et impositio manuum venundetur: quia antiqua definitio patrum ita de ec clesiasticis ordinationi bus statuit, dicens: Anathema sit danti et accipienti. Propterea, quia aliquanti multis sceleribus obruti ?, sancto altario indigne ministrant es, non hoc, testimonio bonorum actuum, et profusione munerum ob tinent; oportet b non per gratiam munerum, sed per diligentem prius discussionem, deinde per multorum c testimonium clericos ordina re.

a. ¶Lacuit ut de. Argum. propter indignos hanc prohibitionem institutam fuisse: porrigitur tamen ad omnes. J. eadem q. 3. pervenit. Infra 19. q. 2. duae.

b. ¶Oportet. J. Supra dist. 83. cap. 1.

c. ¶Per multorum. Supra distinct. 67. reliqui, in fin. contra. sup. 23. distin. lector. contra et 20. quaest. 2. oportet. Si sup. distin. 75. cap. 5. Sol. hic appellantur multi duo vel tres. Vel huc intellige cum clerici sunt ignoti.

EX ILLA. CASUS. Concludit Gratianus ex duobus cap. supra positis: scilicet cap. Petrus, & cap. cum omnis, quod simoniaci, sicut haeretici à fide deviant.

ITEM OPPONITUR. Hoc est quarta pars quaestionis, in qua vult probare sophistice, quod dare aliquid pro rebus ecclesiasticis, non est peccatum. Ioannes de Fanventia.

Ex illa auctoritate beati Ambrosii, & Gregorii patet, quod simoniaci (sicut & alii haeretici) à fide exorbitant, & ideo consequenter de illis intelligitur, quod de aliis decernitur.

§ 4. ¶Item opponitur ª, quod prophetia donum spiritus sancti est: hoc α autem in veteri testamento à sanctis prophetis vendi consueverat. Unde Saul ad Samuelem pro vaticinio expetendo non nisi cum munere ire praesumpsit. Uxor etiam Hieroboam ad hominem Dei non nisi cum munere accessit. Item Christus à Iuda ᵇ venditus auriculam serui sanavit. Exemplo itaque Saulis, & uxoris Hieroboam patet, quod donum spiritus sancti emere vel vendere non est peccatum. Exemplo Christi liquet, quod spiritus sanctus etsi inuite à simoniacis venalis putetur, virtutis tamen suae non obliviscitur, nec definit effectum suae gratiae etiam venditus praestare. Sed de prophetia beatus Hieronymus in capite tertium Michae competenter soluit, malos tantum accepisse, non bonos denuncians.

Iudices ᶜ, inquit, eius ᵈ in muneribus iudicabant, & sacerdotes eius in mercede respondebant, & prophetae eius in pecunia divinabant, & super Dominum requiescebant ᵉ dicentes: Nonne Dominus in nobis est? non venient ᶠ super nos mala ᵍ. Idcirco propter vos Sion quasi ager arabitur ʰ, & Hierusalem, ut custodia pomarii erit ⁱ. Nemo ambigit Hierusalem propter scelera, quae in hoc capitulo describuntur, fuisse subuersam. Et infra. ¶Poterat utique Petrus Simoni mago vendere, quod petebat; immo poterat simulare vendentem (spiritus enim sanctus nec venundari, nec emi potest:) sed oblatam pecuniam cum offerente damnavit. Et paulo post. ¶Nec quemquam moveat illud, quod in primo Regum β libro legimus, & Saulem ᵏ volentem ire ad Samuelem dixisse puero suo, ad eum se ire non posse; quia pretium quod offerret pro vaticinio, non haberet;

α. al. hoc.

β. al. regnum.

a. ¶Item opponitur. Ei ? scilicet, quod propositum est principaliter, quod scilicet vendere spiritualia sit peccatum: vel quod ordo venditus non habet gratiam spiritus sancti.

b. ¶Iuda. Huius obiectionis solutionem ponit infra in §. cum ergo in capitulo numquam.

¶Iudices. CASUS. Quidam cum de simonia reprehenderentur, excusabant se exemplo quorundam in veteri testamento: sed Hieronymus attendit simoniacos esse damnandos. Primo, per verba Michae prophetae ostendentis, propter hoc Hierusalem fuisse destructam. Secundo per damnationem Petri, quam fecit in Simonem magum. Tertio, excusat Samuelem prophetam. Quarto, Achiam, dicens quod pecuniam oblatam non receperunt, aut si potuissent, eos recepisse, non pro munere prophetiae, sed in itinere ? tempi?, & in sumptus necessarios receperunt. Quintum, excusat Heliseum, qui non est credendus ab Azaele aliquid accepisse: quem constat munera oblata à Naaman Syro respuisse. Secunda pars incipit ibi, Poterat. [Tertia ibi, Nec quemquam moveat. Quarta ibi, Hoc ipsum. Quinta ibi Vide in quarto.

c. ¶Iudices.] Anastasius ?, Duces. Verba Michae prophetae & est talis casus. Quidam cum reprehenderentur de simonia, excusabant se exemplo quorundam in veteri testamento: quos Hieronymus ponit in hoc capitulo. Primo ergo ponit verba Michae prophetae, & exponit ea, ostendens propter huiusmodi simoniam Hierusalem fuisse destructam. Secundo ibi, Poterat Petrus ponit verba Petri condemnantis Tertio, excusat oblationem pecuniae simonice condemnantis ?

d. ¶Eius. Populi Iudaici. Ioan.

e. ¶Requiescebant. Ille dicitur requiescere super Dominum qui obtentu sacerdotii vel prophetiae non vivit luxuriose: & expone, requiescebant, id est, gratiam eius habebant secum, secundum opinionem suam.

f. ¶Non veniet. Quasi impunitate sibi promittebat.

g. ¶Mala. Quae minantur nobis prophetae.

h. ¶Arabitur. Hostili aratro, id est, desolabitur, & esse definet: arg. ff. q.b. mod. ususfructus amittitur, si ultra fructus. Et hoc factum est à Romanis.

ADDITIO. 76. dist. ieiunium. Archidiaconus.

i. ¶Pomarii erit. Custodia enim pomarii collectis pomis deseritur. & ideo hoc dicit.

K. ¶Saulem. Historia. Legitur in primo libro Regum, quod cum Saul cum quodam servo suo asinas quaesivisset patris sui, & non invenisset, dixit servus Saul: Hic est vir sine ambiguitate loquitur: eamus & quaeramus ab eo. & ait Saul. Quid feremus? eciam panis deficit in marsupiis nostris, & sportula non habemus an seruus. Habeo in manu mea quartam partem stateris argenti, & iue-

(Continuation of the gloss on K Saulem from p. 476.) & iuerunt ad prophetam: & iniunctus est Saul in regem à Samuele de praecepto Domini.

a. ¶Sed fac. Id est, pone. & ita secundum canones potest pars ponere falsum. de consecrat. distinctio 4. san...ctum.

b. ¶Quinque ?

& puerum respondisse: Ecce inuenta est in manu mea quarta pars sicli pecuniae, & dabo viro Dei, & annunciabit nobis vim nostram. Non enim scriptum est, quod Samuel acceperit, aut quod illi obtulerint: quin potius à propheta pascuntur, & inuitantur ad prandium. Sed fac ª cum accepisse: stipes magis aestimandae sunt tabernaculi, quam munera prophetiae: siclus enim viginti obolos habet; & quarta parta sicli, quinque sunt oboli ᵇ. Et nostri igitur sacerdotes, si volunt vendere prophetiam, & columbas in cathedris suis proponere, quas Dominus flagello subuertit, quinque α tantum obolorum sint mercede contenti: qui utinam ᶜ non pretia villarum, sed quinque, obolos acciperent. ¶Hoc ipsum sonat, & in tertio regnorum libro, quod uxor ᵈ Hieroboam infirmante filio pergit ad Achiam hominem Dei ᵉ, & defert ei decem panes β, & crustulam, & vas mellis; quia γ haec magis in sumptum ᶠ prophetiae, quàm muneri prophetiae reputanda sunt. Licet potuerint hi, qui ad ariolos ire consueverant (quia multi diuini & arioli erant in Israel) mala consuetudine aestimasse ad ipsum etiam de prophetis, & voluisse sanctis viris offerre, quod diuinis offerre consueuerant. ¶Vnde §in quarto libro Regum legitur, quod Heliseus ᵍ venit Damascum, & Benadad Rex Syriae aegrotabat, annunciaruntque; ei dicentes. Venit vir Dei huc: & ait Rex ad Azaelem ʰ: Tolle tecum munera, & vade in occursum viri Dei, & consule Dominum per eum, dicens, si euadere de infirmitate hac potero. Iuit igitur Azael in occursum eius, habens secum munera, & omnia bona ⁱ Damasci, onera quadraginta camelorum. Sed non est credendum accepisse: sicut de eodem Haeliseo legitur, quod Naaman mundatus à lepra obtulit ᵏ ei munera dicens: Obsecro, ut accipias benedictionem à seruo tuo. At ille respondit. Vivit ˡ Dominus, ante quem sto, quia non accipiam. Cumque vim faceret ᵐ, penitus non acquievit.

α. ¶Quidque tantum obolorum sint mercede conteti, qui.] Ista omnia absunt à recentioribus editionibus B. Hieronymi, atque etiam à vetustioribus, praeter dictionem, qui. Sed non sunt expungenda, quia sententia non efficiunt.

¶Caput hoc in vno vetusto exemplari coniunctum est superiori; et loco prime dictionis, Iudices, legitur, Duces. quemadmodum est apud B. Hieronymum in versione lxx.

b. ¶Quinque sunt oboli. Arg. in delicto quantitatem rei attendi. infra. 14. q. vlt. cap. vlt. inf. 17. q. 4. quicunque. q. vlt. qui ferri sunt.

c. ¶Qui vitiam. Et hoc negative legas, id est, utinam non plus acciperent. simile etiam habes 23. q. 4. si ea. & episcopi. & ideo forte hoc dicit: quia li plus non accipere, nullus esset qui vellet simoniam committere. Vel ideo forte, quia quanto minus quis accipiendo minus peccaret 1: secundum quod dicitur de minus enim punitur pro porco vel oue quàm que. ff. de abigeis. l. 1. j. responsum. Vel posset intelligi de in illam decr. extra de simo. & si quaestiones. Argumentum contra. inf. 14. q. vlt. cap. vlt. 17. q. 4. quicunque. cap.

d. ¶Quod uxor. Historia. Legitur in tertio libro Regum, quod aegrotaret primogenitus filius Hieroboam, dixit uxori suae: Tolle tecum munera, & mutato habitu, vade ad Acniam prophetam ut iudicet tibi quid futurum sit de puero. Quae cum venisset ad prophetam; etsi prae caligine oculorum videre non poterat, dixit tamen, Ingredere uxor Hieroboam; quare te aliam simulas? ego missus sum ad te durus nuncius. & tum multa nunciasset ventura super dominum Hieroboam, subintulit: Vade in domum tuam, in introitu tuo in urbe morietur filius tuus: qui solus de semine Hieroboam in sepulchra patrum suorum inferetur. Historia de Heliseo prophetae in littera patet.

e. ¶Achiam hominem Dei. Qui ei praedixit mortem filii Abiae: & qui ei peccata sua exprobraret, & suam ultionem praediceret, ut infra. ead. si quis inquit. dicit 23. q. vltim. cap. vlt.

f. ¶In sumptum. Ad sumptus enim & sustentationem accipere licet. extra de sim. cum sit. 23. quest. 5. dicat. ff. de officio proconsulis, solent. ff. de officio praesidis, plebiscito. Et ita presbyter "si pauper est. accipere potest pro celebratione Missae. extra de praebendis, significatum. nisi sit proprius sacerdos. de consecra. distinct. 1. sufficit.

ADDITIO. quod nor. 21. quaest. 7. capit. ult.

g. ¶Heliseus. Qui tauit ferrum. infra de consecratione ?

h. ¶Ad Azaelem. Suarum rerum dispensatorem.

i. ¶Bona. Id est, aliqua de omnibus boni, id est, de omni genere bonorum. ff. de regula iuris aliud. §. refertur.

K. ¶Obtulit. Arg. in eodem facto secundum diuersitatem intentionis alterum peccare, & alterum non, vt 32. q. 5. propositio.

l. ¶Vivit. Hac iuratio erat in ueteri testamento. 22. q. 1. & iurabunt.

m. ¶Faceret. Arg. contra Cathalanos.

Presbyter pauper pro celebratione Missae accipere pot. "id est pst? locare operas suas."

Decret. Grat. ps ij.

(Continuing canon from p. 477, gloss tail.)

...cum illa portauerit: & tamen propheta non scribitur accepisse: quippe cum & corripuerit eam, & uenturum luctum praedixerit; & licet, &c.

β. ¶Decem panes.] Sic in Vulgata Latina B. Hieronymi habet, panes, & vuas passaris, & vasculum mellis. In Graeca autem vulgata, & crustula, & vua passa commemorantur ἄρτους, inquit, καὶ κολλύρια τοῖς τέκνοις αὐτοῦ καὶ καψύλας.

γ. ¶Quia haec magis.] Ista vsque ad ver. Licet. non habetur hic apud B. Hieronymum, sed loco eorum hic: Dici ut enim, quid secum illa portauerit: & tamen propheta non scribitur accepisse: quippe cum & corripuerit eam, & uenturum luctum praedixerit; & licet, &c.

δ. ¶Vnde in quarto.] Hac vsque ad finem non sunt inuenta apud B. Hieronymum.

Idem eodem capite.

Nvnquam ª diuinatio ᵇ in scripturis in bonam partem accipitur. Non est augurium in Iacob, neque diuinatio in Israel. Videbantur sibi quidem esse prophetae: sed quia pecuniam accipiebant; prophetia ipsorum facta est diuinatio.

¶Hoc etiam caput in aliquot Vetustis est coniunctum superiori, & legitur in originali, Nunquam enim.

Cum ergo ᶜ secundum Hieronymum boni prophetae non munera prophetiae accipiebant, sed stipes tabernaculi, malis autem, qui accipiebant, prophetiam, quae Dei erat donum, in diuinationem, quae diabolica est, conuertebatur: quid aliud colligitur, nisi quod simoniacis (quod superius dictum est) nulla spiritualis gratia cooperatur? Cum enim (sacramentis neque qui plantat, neque qui rigat, sit aliquid: sed qui incrementum dat, Deus, qui operatur in eis, si Dominus non lucet, sed est otiosus Item, quod dicitur de Christo, quod sicut Christus venditus sit miracula, & spiritus sanctus posse vendi, & in ipsa venditione suam gratiam operari, non valet haec similitudo; Non enim hoc operatur spiritus sanctus spiritualiter in perfidis mercimoniis auaritiae, quod Christus gessit corporaliter certi mysterii causa ad exemplum patientiae. Si enim ommifaria est similitudo, cum credatur posse vendi sicut Christus: credatur etiam spiritus sanctus posse crucifigi: quod impossibile est. Potest etiam intelligi (ut a similitudine non recedamus) quod sicut Christus venditus non venditori vel ementi, sed eis, qui nescientes aderant, dona sua gratia contulit, pro quibus etiam in cruce supplicauit, sic & spiritus sanctus non vendenti, vel ementi, sed his, qui de manibus eorum, ignorantia ducti, sacramenta Dominica accipiunt, sua gratia effectum largiri probatur. Item objicietur ᵈ, quod etsi malum sit ecclesiastica emere, tamen saepe sinistra principia ad felices perueniunt exitus. Vt Iacob per supplantationem ᵉ peruenit ad benedictionem, vt seges, quae leprosa manu seritur, munda tamen metitur, vt ex adulterino concubitu pulchra soboles nascitur: sic & pecunia, quae per simoniam, acquiritur, salicem habet exitum, cum pauperibus profutura erogatur. Sed nihil horum simoniacis patrocinatur.

Ait enim Leo episcopus ad Mauros episcopos, ep. 85. al. 87.

¶Nvnqvam. CASUS. Dicitur hic, quod diuinatio raro in bonam partem accipitur. vnde illi, qui pro indicatione futurorum pecuniam accipiebant, non erant veri prophetae, sed diuini: licet se crederent esse prophetas.

a. ¶Nunquam. Id est, raro 1 pro maiori parte dictum. est. aliter falsum est. ut supra. eadem, eos qui.

b. ¶Diuinatio. Hoc enim impossibile est, quod diuinatio sit prophetia. expone ergo sic: facta est diuinatio id est, diuinatio occultorum quae credebatur esse prophetia. eorum enim prophetia declarata est non esse prophetia.

ADDITIO. Vt hoc melius intelligas, scias quod prophetia est rerum latentium praeteritarum, praesentium, vel futurarum ex diuina inspiratione manifestatio, secundum Papiam.

¶CVM ERGO. CASUS. Concludit Gratianus ex praemissis, quod vacua est gratia spiritus sancti in eis qui munera accipiunt: non obstante exemplo quod Petrus venditi sus fecit miracula, quod hoc fecit causa mysterii, ad exemplum patientiae, vel ut prodesset abijs, & non ementi vel uendenti: sicut simoniaci prosit ignorantibus eos esse simoniacos: & non obstante eo quod saepe ad bonum finem ueniunt quae malo principio inchoantur.

c. ¶Secundum. Et ita docet nos magister resistere. Argu. à simili. 17. quest. 1. nuptia. ruff. de condi. indeb. si reus. 12. quaest. 7. Apostoli. praeterea responderi pot per id quod nota. supra. eo. eas 2.

d. ¶Item obijcitur. In defensionem simoniacorum vlij à §. sed ni hil sit ita um impugnare eos. ?

e. ¶Per supplantationem. tamen facta instinctu domini. 7. q. 1. quam periculosum. Principia.

1 Concor. gl. in l. si haereditatem. ff. ma. & de confess. dist. 5. nunquam.

Diuinatio non potest esse prophetia.

2 Bene ibi no. per Laurentium. cuius fuit ista glo. sed non not. secundum Ioan. & ibi dixi sententiam Laur. in versi portionis. Archid.

(Continuation of gloss tails from p. 478.)

...ns quem.] CASVS Praelati, qui dignitates acquisiuerunt, etsi alios non offendant: malitos consueuerunt habere: difficile enim peragantur exitu. &c. seq. c. patet.

...ndit] Sic 14. quaest. 5. neque.

... de his qui no. infra. quid ergo. & de orig. iur. l. 1. Arg. contra. ff. de legib. non omnium. 16. q. 3. §. pot. 5 dist. 17. regula. 7. 14. q. 5. neque. 7. 16. q. 1. c. ult. & q. 3. si sacerdotes. extra de iure patro. cura pastoralis. Ioan. Si quis semper habet malam fidem, nunquam habebit exitum bonum: secus in contractibus zijs. B.

Principatus, quem ª aut seditio extorsit, aut ambitus occupauit: etiam si moribus, atque actibus non offendit ª: ipsius † tamen initij sui est perniciosus exemplo ᵇ. Et difficile est ᶜ, ut bono ᵈ peragantur exitu, quae malo sunt inchoata principio ᵉ.

† al. ipso.

Item Gregorius Antiocheno episcopo, lib. 7. epist. 47. indictio. 2.

Cum Paulus dicat: Fundamentum ᶠ aliud nemo potest ponere praeter id, quod positum est, quod est Christus Iesus; consequenter probatur, quia ubi Christus non est fundamentum, nullum boni operis est superaedificium.

¶Apud B. Gregorium sic legitur. Praedicator autem egregius dicit, fundamentum, &c.] Quisquis ergo cum dilectione Dei, & proximi, fidei, quae in Christo est, firmitatem tenet; eudem Iesum Christum Dei & hominis filium apud se posuit fundamentum. Sperandum ergo est, quod ubi Christus fundamentum est, bonorum quoque operum sequatur aedificium.

Idem Syagrio, & alijs episcopis, lib. 7. epist. 110.

Non est putanda eleemosyna, si pauperibus dispensetur quod ex illicitis ᵍ rebus accipitur; quia qui hac intentione male accipit, ut quasi bene dispenset, grauatur potius quàm iuuatur α. Et paulo post. ¶Vnde etiam illud certum est, quia etsi monasteria, aut xenodochia, vel quid aliud de pecunia, quae pro sacris ordinibus datur construatur, mercedi non proficit. Et paulo post. ¶Ne ergo sub obtentu eleemosynae cum peccato aliquid studeamus accipere, aperte sacra scriptura nos prohibet dicens: Hostiae impiorum abominabiles, quae offeruntur ex scelere. Quidquid enim in Dei sacrificio ex scelere offertur, omnis...

PRincipatus quem. CASUS. Praelati, qui dignitates male acquisiuerunt, etsi alios non offendant: malos tamen exitus consueuerunt habere: difficile enim est ut bono peragantur exitu. &c. seq. c. patet.

a. ¶Non offendit. Sic 14. quaest. 5. neque.

b. ¶Exemplo. Habetur & ratio exempli. Nonnulla siquidem in canonibus operantur, Multa enim reproba tur ne sint perniciosa exemplo, quae possent tolerari, ut 11. q. 3. praecipue. 5. 30. din. de his ueris. 7. dist. 82. plurimos. 5. dist. 96. bene. & arg. 21. q. 2. si quis iam arg. 27. q. 2. nec aliqua. supra 17. q. 1. institutum est.

c. ¶Difficile est. Id est 1. nunquam. infra. eo. si quis. ne ponitur pro 0. ix. 47. dist. quantum libet 2.

d. ¶Bono. Sic 14. q. 5. neque. Arg. contra. extra qui filij sint legi tanta. & de matrimonio contracto post votum de futuro.

e. ¶Principio. Arg. initium spectandum 3. & quantum ad fidem à principio, collige ex his. arg. 3. q. 6. no. 10. q. 3. praeposi. q. 61. dist. id miramur. d hoc. & 16. q. 3. si sacerdotes. Archidiaconus.

ADDITIO. 1 Concor. text. in l. ab?surdu. cum ibi not. ff. de iud. & in l. 1. cum gl. in uersi. pessime ff. ad Macedonia.

2 Sed Hug. dicit difficile, quasi non impossibile.

3 Ad hoc extra de elect. dudum. 1. q. 3. fi sacerdotes. Arch.

Anastasius, l. 7. cap. 17. Distinctio 61. cap. miramur. † al. ipso.

f. ¶Cum Paulus dicit. ¶Fundamentum. Arg. contra, Debile principij melior fortuna seque tur. Et arg. non baptizatum non suscipere ordinem. 24. q. 6. 1. ubi sana. 7. ead. q. 6. si quis perignoratiam. & 7. ead. si quis confugerit. extra de praesbyt. non baptizati. ueniens. & c. si quis.

Ordinem suscipere non potest qui baptizatus non est.

¶Non est putanda. CASUS. Ostendit Grego. in hoc c. quod nullus debet simoniam committere, ut postea ex pecunia uelit ecclesias construere, vel eleemosynas facere: tum quia scriptum est. Honora Deum de tuis iustis laboribus. Tum quia dicit Salomon, Qui offert sacrificium de substantia pauperis, &c. argumentum. Et haec in prima parte. In secunda parte instruit clericos ad dignitatem, ut antequam accedant ad dignitatem, vires suas metiantur, ut ad quam se sufficere credunt, cum metu accedant. Vel sic.

CASVS. In prima parte probatur triplici auctoritate, quod de illicite acquisitis non est eleemosyna facienda. Prima auctoritas est illa, Hostiae impiorum, &c. Secunda, Honora Deum. Tertia, Qui offert sacrificium, &c. In secunda parte dicitur, quod si aliquis ad honorem debet vires suas consideret: & etiam si se sufficientem iudeat, cum timore accedat: aliter nullo modo accedat.

g. ¶Ex illicitis rebus. Hic dicunt quod de male acquisitis non debet fieri eleemosyna: quod uerum est cum dominium non est translatum: uel si repetitio competit, ut dixi in summa, 15. quaestio. 5. sed ubi non competit repetitio, retrix potest facere eleemosynam, sed le cond. ob tur. cau. l. idem. §. quoties. monaca simoniaca fundata est ecclesia? lictur 14. q. 6. coperimus. & 12. q. 2. au?natus 4. illius ecclesiae? Dic quod ? acta est ignominia. extra de simon. de Iesan. episco. §. pro omnibus. & de ca?. §. illud. trans quid si ex pecunia simoniaca quis emit uineam; nunquid de fructu faciet at. ps ij.

4 Scilicet empto per pecuniam si... 4. § Fan 5 id ex de iure patro. de iure.

(Continuing canon C. XXVII from p. 479.)

eleemosyna? Non? quia eodem iure censetur cum pecunia: cum fructus in locum pecuniae succedat. arg. ex de vsu. cum tu. in fin. ff. de leg. 2. Imperator. §. ult. & §. supra 94. distin. cap. 1. Arg. contra. ff. de fur. qui s. penult. & vlt. Facere. ¶Sed opponitur, Facit tibi amicos de mammona iniquitatis. sed sic exponit, id est, de diuitiis, sollicitudinibus & laboribus acquisitis: uel quibus abstulisti sua restituas 1. vel eorum parentibus: uel illis mortuis sacerdotibus offeras: & ibi omnes facti tibi amici orabunt ad te ad Dominum. licet enim dictum sit: Quae in malum acquisiuisti, in bonum expande: non tamen id ubi patrocinabit.

potentis Dei non placat iracundiam, sed irritat. Hinc rursus scriptum est: Honora Dominum de tuis iustis laboribus. Qui ergo male tollit, vt quasi bene praebeat, constat sine dubio, quia Dominum non honorat. Hinc quoque; et Salomonem dicitur: Qui offert sacrificium de substantia pauperum, quasi victimat filium in conspectu patris. Quantus autem dolor patris sit, perpendamus, si in eius conspectu filius victimetur. Et hinc facile cognoscimus, quanta apud Deum dolor exasperatur, quando ei sacrificium ex rapina tribuitur. Nimis ergo declinandum est, dilectissimi fratres, sub obtentu eleemosynae, peccata simoniacae haereseos perpetrare. Nam aliud est propter peccata eleemosynas facere α: aliud propter eleemosynas peccata committere †. Et post paucis. ¶Quisquis ergo sacerdotium non ad elationis pompam, sed ad utilitatem adipisci desiderat; prius uires suas ᵇ cum hoc, quod est subiturus, onere metiatur, ut si impar est, abstineat ᶜ; & ad id cum metu etiam, cui † se sufficere existimat accedat.

α. ¶Iuuatur.] Si hic interponatur caput, Eleemosyna infra 14. q. 5. eris integer hic locus.

β. ¶Committere.] Hic apud B. Gregorium intericiuntur c. Hoc quoque. dist. 5. 9. &c. Sicut neophytus. dist. 48.

† al. perpetrare.

† al. qui.

Item Theodorico, & Theoberto † Regibus Francorum, lib. 7. epist. 114.

† al. Theoberto

Fertur simoniaca ᵈ † haeresis (quae prima contra Dei ecclesiam diabolica plantatione subrepsit, & in ipso ortu ᵉ suo, zelo † Apostolicae ultionis percussa, atque damnata est) in regni vestri finibus dominari: cum in sacerdotibus fides sit eligenda cum vita. Si enim vita deest, fides ᶠ meritum non habet, beato Iacobo attestante, qui ait: Fides sine operibus ᵍ mortua est ʰ. Quae enim opera esse ualeant sacerdotis, qui honorem tanti sacramenti coniuncitur obtinere per praemium. Et post paucis. ¶Hinc igitur non solum in ordinatoris, & ordinati animam lethale vulnus infligitur, uerum etiam excellentiae ⁱ vestrae regnum † episcoporum culpa (quorum magis intercessionibus iuua ri debuerat *) praegrauatur *. Si enim dignus is sacerdotio creditur, cui non actionis merita, sed praemiorum copia...

† al. simoniacam haeresim.

† al. scio.

† al. regimen vestrorum episcoporum.

Sic conligit, quia Theodoricus fuit decapitatus apud Coloniam & Theobertus intoxicatus a Brunichilda. Crimen alterius nocet innocenti. 3 De hoc no. B. extra de pe. qua bus? dam.

a. ¶Facere. Sed opponitur, Facit tibi amicos de mammona iniquitatis, quod, id est de diuiniis, sollicitudinibus & laboribus acquisitis: uel quibus abstulisti sua restituas 1. vel eorum parentibus: uel illis mortuis sacerdotibus offeras: & ibi omnes facti tibi amici orabunt ad te ad Dominum. licet enim dictum sit: Quae in malum acquisivisti, in bonum expande: non tamen ad hoc patrocinabit. H. male acquirere propter eleemosynam, & id in bonum expendere, nihil aliud est quàm finium in conspectu patris mactare. 14. q. 6. insolantis. aliter autem acquisitum. ut amore filiorum, & in bonum expensum, id tibi patrocinabitur ad praemium. Hugucio.

Facere amicos de mammona iniquitatis, quid?

1 Hic videas quod habetur 14. q. 5. Sed hic. ibi exponit praedicta auctoritas.

b. ¶Prius uires suas. Sumite materiam uestris qui scribitis aequam. Viribus. & versate diu quid ferre recusent, Quid ualeant humeri. arg. ff. de excu. tutoris. paupertas. Idem dicit lex in muliones. ad legem Aquil. l. idem iuris. §. 1. & l. qua actione. §. 2.

Horatius in arte poetica.

c. ¶Abstineat. Hic praesumit contra indignum praelatum stantia g? male sit electus arg. à 3rio sensu, 61. dist. miramur. uersiculus. nec putandus est honor.

¶Fertur. CASUS. Gregorius reprehendit hic reges Franciae, eo quod in suis finibus sinunt simoniam vigere. Et ostendit hoc esse damnum regi: quia simoniaci nocent regimini eorum de suis iniuriis orationibus, quorum intercessionibus debuerat adiuuari, quis non de ipsorum orationibus confidere potest, quos intus cognoscat esse uulnerare? & qualis fructus producitur ea radice ex infecta?

d. ¶Simoniaca. Notat Gregorius primo de negligentes istos Franciae, eo quod dominatur simonia in regno eorum Secundo dicit quod ipsorum praelatorum culpa eorum regimen retorquetur. Tertio timendum de his, qui tales apud Deum intercessores habent, non provocatricam Dei, quam placare debent.

Simonia dominatur in Francia.

e. ¶Et in ipso ortu. Quo ad novum testamentum: & intelligepost resurrectionem: & sic non est contra de consecra. dist. 2. primas.

f. ¶Fides. Professionis scilicet.

g. ¶Operibus. Exterioribus.

h. ¶Mortua est. Si tempus datur uel locus, de poenitentia.

i. ¶Vt eruncti am excellentiae. Ecce quod crimen alicuius nocet innocenti 2. argumen. distinctio. 61. miramur. uersiculus. sicut enim. argumen. ead. quaesti. dominus. contra. infra ead. quaestio. 4. capi. argumentum. 8. quaest. 4. capi. contra. distin. 81. si qui sunt praesbyteri. Arg. dist. 37. §. ut itaque. arg. de consecra. distin. 1. in sanci. 1. Arg. contra. 24. q. 1. non turbatur. arg. 6. q. 1. ex merito. arg. 49. distinct. §. 1. arg. q. 1. quaest. 7. capi. argumen. infra. ead. quaest. multi. Et est arg. quod res ius alius acta, aliis non praeiudicat. infra de poenitentia. distin. 6. c. 1. ff. de re iudi. saepe Ioan. hoc breuiter tenet dam?.

Decret. Grat. ps ij.

(Continuing canon C. XXVIII from p. 480.)

suffragatur a; restat, ut nihil sibi in ecclesiasticis honoribus grauitas, nihil defendat industria; sed totum auri profanus amor obtineat. Et dum vitia remunerantur honore, in locum ultoris b , is, qui fortasse fuerat ulciscendus c , adducitur: atque hinc sacerdotes non proficere, sed perire potius iudicantur. Vulnerato namque pastore, quis curandis ouibus adhibeat medicinam? aut quomodo populum orationis clypeo tueatur, qui iaculis se hostilibus feriendum exponit? aut qualem de se fructum producturus est, cuius graui peste radix infecta est? Maior ergo metuenda est locis illis fore clamitas, ubi tales intercessores ad locum regiminis adducuntur, qui Dei in se magis iracundiam prouocant d , quam per semetipsos populis placare debuerant.

Cum ergo secundum Leonem simonia non bono peragatur exitu, secundum Gregorium nullum boni operis sequatur aedificium, nec sit putanda eleemosyna, quae ex pretio simoniae erogatur pauperibus; vulnerato pastore medicina non adhibeatur curandis ouibus; de infecta radice fructus non producatur; maior etiam calamitas in futuro metuatur; de tam sinistro principio quis foelix exitus speratur?

Hinc etiam Augustinus ait.

Sicut eunuchus e fuit, qui Ioseph comparauit; ita qui gratiam mercatur, viuum semen f non habet siccis genitalibus. Sic quoque ignis sacrificij, qui per septuaginta annos Babylonicae captiuitatis sub aqua g vixerat, extinctus est, Antiocho h Iasoni vendente sacerdotium: quod significauit spiritus sancti ignem non lucere i in simoniacis† sacramentis.

† al. simoniacorum.

Quid in his similitudinibus beatus Augustinus notare voluit, nisi quia sacramentum simoniacorum (sicut & ceterorum haereticorum) licet sint vera quantum ad formam, inania tamen, & falsa sunt, quantum ad effectum, cum non possint in cordibus hominum gignere, uel accendere caelestem gratiam.

(Continuation of gloss i. Verumetiam excellentiae from p. 480:) ... quod res inter alios acta, alijs non nocet generaliter nec enim alterius alij nocet. in casibus tamen specialibus fallit, qui in iure expresse inueniuntur. extra de re iudi. ca. quamuis. & 6. q. 1. §. uerum. & alijs similibus calibus. vt s. q. 6 §. diffinitiua.

a. ¶Suffragatur. Nam dicit lex: qualiter quisque meretur, non quantum dare sufficiat aestimetur. C. de episcopis & cleri. si quemquam. Sed quaeritur quare scribit Papa regi, cum non habeat potestatem super his. 11. q. 1. sacerdotibus? Ideo, quia participes erānt: vel quia erānt incorrigibiles, vt J. ea. q. vlt. c. vlt. 17. dist. nec licuit. extra de iud. cum non ab homine.

b. ¶Vltoris. Id est, praelati, qui vitia aliorumnt vlcisci.

c. ¶Vlciscendus. Id est, propter peccata ? puniendus.

d. ¶Prouocant. In se, non in illos pro quibus supplicant. & ita etiam exaudi 3 q. 7. in grauibus.

CVM ERGO. Concludit Gratianus ex omnibus supradictis, quod ex malo initio bonus exitus non speratur.

¶Sicut. CASUS. Dicitur in hoc cap. quod sicut eunuchus fuit qui Ioseph comparauit: sic eunuchi sunt, id est, sine humore gratiae qui simoniam committunt: & in eis ignis spiritus sancti non viget. Quod probatur exemplo Antiochi, quo vendente sacerdotium ignis, qui vixerat sub aqua septuaginta annis, extinctus est. Et nota duas historias in hoc c. scilicet de Ioseph, & igne. Legitur enim in Genesi quod Ioseph venditus est a fratribus suis Ismaelitis euntibus in Aegyptum: qui postea vendiderunt eum Putifar eunucho Pharaonis Regis: quem existimo miraculose eunuchizatum: ideo quod emerat Ioseph ut eo abuteretur: cum ante constet eum vxorēm habuisse & filiam. Item legitur in libro Machabaeorum quod filijs Israel in perfidia deductis, Hieremias cum quibusdam alijs ignem sacrificij absconderunt in ualle ubi erat puteus occultus: post multos autem annos ad praeceptum regis Persidis quaesitus est ignis ille: quo inuento hauserunt aquam, qua ligna composita aspergebantur, & statim ardebant. pro quo miraculo Rex super puteum illum templum aedificauit. tempore uero procedente cum Rex Antiochus regnum susciperet & regnaret in Iudaea, Iason frater summi sacerdotis adito rege obtulit ei talenta xl. & accepit ab eo summi sacerdotij principatum: & statim extinctus est ignis sacrificij. Sequentes duo §. plani sunt.

e. ¶Sicut eunuchus. Putifar qui primo habuit vxorem filiam Pharaonis: cum postea fuisset ordinatus sacerdos Heliopolis, fuit exectus. Vel vt quidām dicunt, siccauit Dominus genitalia eius, quia ad turpes vsus emerat Ioseph.

f. ¶Viuum semen. Scilicet boni operis.

g. ¶Sub aqua. Arg. dist. 81. c. si qui. Arg. tamen contra 28. dist. cap. vlt. & infra. ea. Dominus. Ioan.

h. ¶Antiocho. Iste Antiochus Graecus fuit: & multum Iudaeos oppressit, & vendidit sacerdotium templi. Et est arg. hic quod in vete. test. simonia erat ordinem emere.

i. ¶Non lucere. Ignis missus à Hieremia in puteum: qui tamen post nunquam fuit inuentus: sed aqua pinguis lapidi supposita illum comburebat. de isto igne habes de peni. dist. 3. inter haec hircum. & puteus erat in valle Iosaphat: vbi Rex Persarum fecit fieri templum, & appellatum est à Hieremia nepthar, quod interpretatur purificatio. Ioan.

§. Sed obijcitur a illud Augustini contra haereticos tractatu 5. super Euangelium Ioannis.

¶Siue bonus, siue malus sit minister, per vtrumque effectus gratiae confertur.

Si iustus b fuerit minister, computo eum cum Paulo, qui gloriam suam non quaerit, dicens: Ego plantaui c, Apollo rigauit d, Deus autem incrementum dedit. Qui uero fuerit superbus minister, cum diabolo computatur: sed non contaminatur donum Christi, quia per illum pura puris fluuius transit, & uenit ad fertilem terram. Scio quia lapis ex aqua fructum ferre non potest: & si per lapideos canales transit e aqua ad areolas, in canali lapideo nihil generatur; sed tamen hortus plurimum fructum affert. Spiritalis enim uirtus sacramenti ut lux pura ab illuminandis excipitur; sed per immundos transiens non coinquinatur.

¶Ab initio huius capitis vsque ad ver. donum Christi. Algerus lib. 3. c. 5. citat ex beato Augustino, cuius tamen propria verba habentur infra de confec. dist. 4. c. aliud. §. si fuerit.

Idem ad Vincentium Donatistam, epist. 48.

Ex catholica f ecclesia sunt omnia g Dominica sacramenta: quae sic habetis & datis, quemadmodum habebantur h & dabantur etiam prius quam inde exiretis.

Idem de baptismo contra Donatistas, lib. 5. c. 19.

Sic autem Deus i abest† sacramentis, & uerbis suis k,

† al. Si

a. ¶Sed obijcitur. In defensione simoniacorum probando, quod habent effectum sacramenta ab eis collata. Ioan.

¶Si iustus. CASVS. Hic ostenditur, quod si sacerdos iustus fuerit, est bonus minister sacramentorum, & non actor: quod probatur exemplo Pauli. si vero malus est, sua malitia sacramentis non obest, quia sicut sterilis non est, quanuis sit per canalem sterilem fluat: ita virtus spiritalis etsi per immundos transeat, tamen ab illuminandis excipitur. Et not. quod ab isto supradicto capitulo vsque ad cap. etiam corde: probatur quod uera sunt sacramenta malorum sacerdotum: & uere ab eis conferuntur, dummodo in forma Ecclesiae conferantur.

b. ¶Si iustus. Ab isto cap. vsque ad illud, et corde, ostendit magister, quod sacramenta haereticorum uera sunt, & uere ab eis conferuntur, si in forma ecclesiae conferantur: non tamen quoad virtutem: cum distinctione tamen: quia sacramenta necessitatis ni?si in necessitate quis sumat ab haeretico, vel etiam si ignoranter sumat: & uirtutem & ueritatem quidem accipit sacramenti. Si vero non necessitate vel scienter accipit, ueritatem quidem accipit sacramenti, non uirtutem: si tamen ficte accipit, & post agat poenitentiam, habebit vtrunque. de consecratio. distin. 4. tunc valere. & §. sed notandum 2. infra eadem. In sacramento vero dignitatis, ut in ordine, distingue secundum illam distinctionem 11. q. 1. ordinationes. In sacramento Eucharistiae dicimus quòd de manu haeretici sumendum non est. 24. quaest. 1. cap. vlti. & 32. distin. §. uerum. si tamen accipiatur, verum est corpus, si in forma ecclesiae est confectum: licet quidam dicunt, quòd ipsi non conficiunt. 24. q. 1. schisma.

ADDITIO. Arg. de consecrat. dist. 2. quid sit?. Arch.

c. ¶Plantaui. Praedicando.

d. ¶Rigauit. Baptizando.

e. ¶Transit. Infra eadem. sic populus contra. Solutio. hoc de sacramentis necessitatis, quae semper habent effectum nisi culpa suscipientis impediat, & ibi de sacramentis dignitatis, vel hic de ficte ordinatis: ibi de his quos ecclesia tolerat. Vel dic quod sunt posita quantum ad illos, vt 49. dist. cap. vlt. 15. q. vlt. c. si.

Ex catholica. CASVS. Dicit Augustinus quòd à catholica ecclesia vera sumpserunt haeretici sacramenta, qui sic habent & cōferunt sicut habebant ante quàm de ecclesia exirent. Sequentia tria c. plana sunt, & per se patent.

f. ¶Ex catholica. In hoc & in duobus cap. sequentibus dicitur, quod vera sunt sacramenta haereticorum, quae in forma ecclesiae celebrantur.

g. ¶Omnia. Id est, omnium sacramentorum ueritas & forma.

h. ¶Habebantur. Arg. contra J. c. extra catholicam. sed ibi expone, id est, extra formam catholicae ecclesiae.

i. ¶Sic autem Deus. Deus dicitur adesse talibus sacramentis, vt veritas subsistat, & vt virtus praestetur ei qui accipit ignoranter. supra. si iustus.

k. ¶Et verbis suis. Et ita verba necessaria sunt: argu. infra ea. detrahe.

(Continuing canon C. XXXII from p. 482.)

Sicut†* mam ecclesiae tradidistis.

† al. eg

Idem lib. 4. de bapt. contra Donatistas, c. 12.

Nec foris ergo, sicut nec intus quisquam, qui ex† parte diaboli est, potest uel in se, uel in quoquam maculare sacramentum, quod Christi est.

Idem ad Emeritum, epist. 164.

¶Sacramenta, quae non mutantur, catholicis, & haereticis communia probantur.

Sacramenta, quae non mutastis a, sicut habetis, approbantur à nobis: ne forte cum vestram prauitatem corrigere uolumus, illis mysterijs Christi, quae in vestra prauitate deprauata non sunt, sacrilegam faciamus iniuriam b. Neque enim & Saul deprauauerat unctionem, quam acceperat, cui unctioni tantum honorem rex Dauid pius Dei seruus exhibuit.

Idem ad Donatistas.

Sicut ficti c veraciter, non ficte recipiunt, nec eorum baptisma reprobatur; sic & illa, quae schismatici, vel haeretici, si non aliter habent, nec aliter agunt, quàm vera ecclesia, cum ad nos veniunt, non emendamus d, sed potius approbamus.

¶Verba ipsa prioris partis huius capitis usque ? utur, non sunt inuenta apud B. Augustinum: sed habetur sententia ? lib. 1. de baptismo contra Donatistas, c. 12. Reliqua autem huius capitis pars est in eodem lib. c. 13.

Idem contra litteras Petiliani, lib. 3. c. 9.

¶Non fugiantur sacramenta Dei à quocunque ministrentur.

Neque in homine bono aliquis Dei sacramenta fugiat neque in homine malo e.

¶Libro tertio contra litteras Petiliani, Vnde videtur sumptum esse hoc caput, sic legitur: Nemo glorietur nec in homine bono: nemo bona Dei fugiat nec in homine malo. Hoc autem caput significatur supra dist. 32. c. praeter §. uerum principia.

Idem de baptismo contra Donatistas, lib 6. c. 44.

¶Hominum malitia sacramenta non profanat.

Nonne f Sodomitae ethnici erant, id est, gentiles? Peiores g ergo erant Iudaei; quibus Dominus dicit: [Tole-

b. ¶Iniuriam. Arg. quod propter alterum non debet alteri iniuria fieri, de consecratione distin. 4. ostenditur. ff. de reg. iur. non debet. Ioan.

Sicut

c. ¶Ficti. Sed nunquid dandum est baptisma ei, qui ficte accedit? dic quod* sic, sed post compellendus est fidem obseruare. arg. 45. dist. de Iudaeis. Vtrum autem baptizetur ignorans uel inuitus, uel dormiens, habes extra de baptismo. & eius effectu cap. maiores. §. item quaeritur.

*Vide S. Tho. 3.p.q. 68. art. 3. j cor. et ar. 4. ad 2. et 3. et art. 8. et q.69. artic. 9. et 10.

d. ¶Non emendamus. Infra de cons. dist. 4. ostenditur. & c. solet quaeri. infra ead. si quis inquit. Sed contra. J. ea. q. sicut urgeri. Sed hic de fictione accipientis, quae non impedit: ibi de fictione dantis, quae impedit: uel quando non in forma ecclesiae. 32. dist. nullus.

e. ¶Neque in homine malo. Id est, tolerato 1. uel in necessitate: & sic non est contra supra dist. 32. nullus. & c. praeter hoc.

¶Nonne. CASVS. Hic ostendit quod apud malos erant sacramenta. Nam peiores Sodomitis erant Iudaei: & tamen Dominus eorum sacramenta vera esse probauit, dum ad ea celebranda leprosos quos mundauerat misit: & dum eius angelus Zachariae in templo ministranti astitit, & eum exauditum demunciauit. nec etiam gentilium verba reprobant sancti patres, ubi uerum dixerunt.

f. ¶Nonne. Vult probare Augustinus in hoc c. quod apud haereticos sunt uera sacramenta: quae erant apud Iudaeos, qui peiores erant Sodomitis. item & alia ratione: quia si gentiles aliquid boni habuerunt, hoc sancti uiri non reprobauerunt. Quod autem apud Iudaeos essent uera sacramenta, probat exemplo Domini, & Zachariae: Zacharias tamen bonus fuit: unde ratione personae nulla est probatio: sed iste eodem modo sacrificabat quo & alij Iudaei.

g. ¶Peiores. J. 24. q. 1. non afferamus: quia illi tantum naturalem legem transgressi sunt, Iudaei etiam scriptam.

(Continuing canon C. XXXVII from p. 483.)

Tole-rabilius erit Sodomis in die iudicij, quàm vobis.] & quibus propheta dicit, Iustificastis a Sodomam.† id est in comparatione vestri iusta facta est. Nunquid tamen ideo sacramenta diuina, quae apud Iudaeos erant, talia b erant quales ipsi erant: quae c dominus quoque ipse percepit, & ad ea celebranda leprosos, quos mundauerat, misit: & ea Zachariae d ministranti angelus e adstitit, eumque in templo exauditum esse nunciauit. Haec eadem sacramenta & in bonis hominibus illius temporis erant, & in malis peioribus, quàm sint ethnici, quandoquidem Sodomitis in malitia praelati sunt: & tamen illa sacramenta erant in utrisque integra, atque diuina. Nam & ipsi gentilium, & rectum f in doctrinis suis habere potuerunt, non improbauerunt sancti nostri: quamuis illi per suas superstitiones, & idololatriam, & superbiam, ceterosque perditos mores detestandi essent, & nisi correcti diuino iudicio puniendi.

† al. vestra Sodoma iustificata est.

Idem lib. 3. c. 16.

¶Sacramenta mali habere posse, sancti habere non possunt.

Vltrae† autem operationes g sunt spiritus sancti, quas Apostolus, cum quodam loco h, quantum sufficere arbitratus est, commmemorasset, ita conclusit: Omnia autem haec, &c. operatur, unus atque idem spiritus, diuidens singulis prout uult. Cum ergo aliud sit sacramentum, quod habere etiam Simon magus potuit: aliud prophetia†, quae in malis hominibus etiam fieri solet, ut in Saul i; aliud operatio† spiritus, quam nisi boni k habere non possunt, sicut est finis praecepti charitas de corde puro, & conscientia bona, & fide non ficta; quodlibet haeretici, & schismatici accipiant, charitas, quae cooperit multitudinem peccatorum, proprium donum est catholicae unitatis & pacis: nec est in omnibus, quia nec eius sunt omnes.

† al. operatio.† al. f. sicut Saul habuit prophetiam aliud.

Idem eodem libro, c. 18.

¶Licet sacramenta mali ministrent, remissionem peccatorum non praestant.

Remissionem† peccatorum

† Remissam] orig.

a. ¶Iusta. Id est, minus mala. arg. 8. q. 1. uercor?. unde dic, iustificastis, comparatione melioris uitae, non potestate iudicij.

b. ¶Talia. Id est, tale sacrificium est qualis sit sacrificans. J. eo. Dominus declarauit. uer. item nos dicimus. ADDITIO. Quasi dicat non, infra ea. Dominus. Hug.

c. ¶Quae. Scilicet sacramenta, ut circuncisionem, quando cum hostijs in templo fuit praesentatus. de consecra. dist. 4. propriè. in fine.

d. ¶Et ea Zachariae. Ecce per bonos ostendit sacrificium fuisse apud Iudaeos.

e. ¶Angelus. Historia. Narratur in nouo testamento, quod fuit in diebus Herodis sacerdos nomine Zacharias, & eius uxor nomine Elizabeth. Dauid autem volens ampliare cultum Domini xxiiij. instituit summos sacerdotes, quorum tamen unus maior erat, qui princeps sacerdotum dicebatur, quorum de numero unus fuit Zacharias, qui cum in die propitiationis incensum poneret, praedixit ei angelus filium nasciturum de uxore sua, qui usque ad diem partus obmutuit, quia a credere noluit.

f. ¶Et rectum. Arg. propter personas detestationem an faciat illius dicta illius, supra 27. dist. ver. si quid ueri. & c. turbat. & infra 23. q. 4. quid ergo. J. ea. q. 1. Dominus declarauit. J. 19. dist. sm?. J. q. 2. si de area. contra 9. dist. si ad sacras. contra. dist. 16. canones. Dic ut in decret. si ad sacras. Vel dic quod utile uitiatur per inutile: cum alteri sit praeiudicium. 65. dist. c. 1.

¶Vltae autem. CASVS. Multae sunt operationes spiritus sancti, quas hic non enumerat Augustinus, sed nos misit ad Apostolum, qui enumerans eas subiungit, Omnia autem haec, &c. Earum operationum quaedam sunt in bonis & malis, quaedam in bonis tantum. In bonis & malis, ut sacramenta, baptismus in Simone, & prophetia in Saule, quorum uterque malus erat. In bonis tantum, ut charitas & aliae uirtutes.

g. ¶Operationes. Id est, multa sunt dona, quae spiritus sanctus operatur. 30. q. 1. peruenit. 23. q. 4. Nabuchodonosor. §. de Tyrijs.

h. ¶Cum quodam loco. Id est, in epistola prima ad Corinthios, 12. cap.

i. ¶Vt in Saul. Et in Caipha, Expedit ut unus moriatur, &c. infra ea. q. prophetauit.

K. ¶Boni. Scilicet per gratiam inhabitantem. J. 24. q. 3. de illis qui. & ead. cau. q. 1. ubi sana?. H. Ioan. de Fantutiis.

¶Remissionem. CASVS. Dicit hic quod cum aliquis baptizatur a quocunque; siue malo, remissionem peccatorum, quam consequitur per baptismum, non dat ei malus, sed meritum ecclesiae. Nam bonis tantum dictum est, Cuicunque remiseritis peccata, &c. Illa sola columba pacem habet, & ideo ligat & soluit. & solus ille soluitur qui cum columba, id est ecclesia, habet pacem. Vel sic, dictum est supra quasdam operationes spiritus sancti esse in malis, ut baptismum, quasdam uero non esse in malis, ut remissiones peccatorum, quae dantur ad preces bonorum ecclesiae, qui cum

(Continuing canon C. XXXIX from p. 484.)

quam consequitur per baptismum, non dat ei malus, sed meritum ecclesiae auari a non dabant: quae orationes b sanctorum, id est per columbae gemitus datur, quicunque baptizet, si ad eius pacem illi pertinent, quibus datur. Non enim raptoribus, & foeneratoribus diceret Dominus: Si cui dimiseritis peccata, remittuntur illi; si cui tenueritis, tenebuntur. Foris c quidem nec ligari aliquid potest, nec solui, ubi non sit qui aut ligare possit, aut soluere: sed soluitur, qui cum columba non habet pacem, siue apertè d foris sit, siue intus esse uideatur.

§. Si ergo sacramenta e in modum lucis ab immundis coinquinari non possunt, si in modum puri fluuij per lapideos canales ad fertiles areolas perueniunt; patet, quod simoniacis sacramentum unctionis sibi quidem inutiliter, & perniciose habent; alijs autem utiliter, & salubriter eandem unctionem administrant. Sicut ergo sunt uera sacramenta haereticorum quantum ad formam; ita sunt uera, & non inania f quantum ad effectum.

  1. Sed notandum g est, quòd sacramentorum alia sunt necessitatis, alia dignitatis h. Quia enim necessitas non habet legem, ipsa sibi facit legem: illa sacramenta, quae saluti sunt necessaria, quia iterari non possunt, cum sint uera, auferri non debent: sed cum poenitentia rata esse permittuntur. Illa i vero sacramenta, quae sunt dignitatis, nisi dignè fuerint administrata, ita ut dignì digne à dignis prouehantur, dignitates esse desinunt: non ut minuatur ueritas sacramenti, sed ut cesset officium administrandi, uel loco, uel tempore, uel promotione.

Loco, ut ait Leo ad Rusticum Narbonensem episcopum, epistola 90. al. 92. c. 1.

¶De his, qui à pseudoepiscopis ordinantur.

SI qui clerici ab istis pseudo episcopis k in eis ecclesijs or-

a. ¶Auari. Id est, idololatrae, id est, quilibet mali. 28. q. 1. idololatria.

b. ¶Auari non dant. Id est, indigni sunt dare. J. de consecr.

c. ¶Foris. Sic intelligas cap. de toleratis, dic foris, i. extra ecclesiam, quae complectitur tantum grana. sed si de praecisis, dic foris, id est, extra ecclesiam militantem, quae complectitur grana cum paleis. 7. q. 1. §. cum uero.

d. ¶Apertè. Cum sit Christianus ecclesiam impugnas manifeste, siue perturbans ecclesiam occulte. 32. q. 4. ne currat. uer. si.

¶Si ergo. CASVS. Infert Gratianus ex supradicto c. si iustus fuerit quod simoniacorum sacramenta alijs utilia sunt, & si istis non profint, similitudine aquae currentis per canales, & lucis, quae ab immundis non coinquinatur. Sed obijcit de sacramentis haereticorum, quae uera sunt quantum ad formam, & quo ad effectum, sed soluit dicens, quod sacramenta necessitatis ui effectu conferunt, sed sacramenta dignitatis, quo ad formam tantum.

e. ¶Sacramenta. Respicit illud ca. si iustus fuerit. J. eo.

f. ¶Et non inania. Verum est hoc in sacramento necessitatis. 54. q. 1. si quem fortè.

SED NOTANDVM Hic est 6. pars. quaest. in qua facit differentiam inter sacramenta necessitatis & uoluntaria. Necessaria enim sacramenta, sine quibus ne? mo saluatur (ut est baptismus) possunt recipi à quocumque. Sed sacramenta uoluntaria (ut sunt ordines,) nisi rite detur, data non sunt: sed cessant uel loco, uel ordine, uel promotione: de quibus multa ponit exempla, quae probat per 6. capit. Ioann. de Fantutiis.

g. ¶Sed notandum. Scilicet Gratianus. simoniacis respondet enim per distinctionem sequentem suae conclusioni. sacramentum enim malè acceptum, duplici caret effectu, aut quia in eo praestito non percipitur gratia, arguitur malitia recipientis: & hoc omnibus sacramentis est commune: uel quia negatur executio, quod speciale est in sacramentis dignitatis.

h. ¶Necessitatis. Necessitatis quinque sunt sacramenta, baptismus, confirmatio, poenitentia, ultima unctio, corpus Christi*. In baptismo tamen hoc est speciale quod in summa necessitate accipi potest à quocumque. 32. dist. §. uerũ. uer. finem. & idé* circa poenitentiám.

*Vide B. Tho. 4. dist. 17. q. 3. ar. 4. q. 1. et 2. & dist. 20. q. 1. ar. 1. q.

i. ¶Illa. Hic assignat unam differentiam inter baptismum & alia sacramenta: aliam ponit infra in se. §. ecce si clericus. aliam in illo §. ecce cum honoris.

¶Si qui clerici. CASVS. Dicitur in hoc c. quod si quis communè consensu ab eo qui malè fuerit electus, toleratus tum fuerit promotus: dispensatiue poterit ministrare in ecclesia, ad quàm fuerit ordinatus, sed non in alia. Seq. §. planus. & omnia usque ad §. ecce.

K. ¶Si qui clerici à pseudo episcopis. Id est non cano?

(Continuing canon C. XL from p. 485.)

...ordinati sunt, quae ad proprios episcopos pertinebant, et ordinatio eorum cum consensu, et iudicio praesidentium facta est, potest rata haberi, ita ut in ipsis ecclesiis a perseuerent: aliter autem vana est habenda ordinatio, quae nec loco fundata est, nec auctoritate munita.

¶Caput hoc emendatum est, ac locupletatum ex ipsa epistola, et refertur supra dist. 62. c. 1. § si qui.

Ecce aliquis a pseudoepiscopis ordinatus, si locum suae ordinationis mutauerit, vana est, et sine administratione erit talis ordinatio.

Tempore, vt ait Innocentius epist. 22. c. 5. de ordinatis a Bonoso.

Qvod pro necessitate temporis b statutum est, cessante necessitate debet vtique cessare pariter quod c vrgebat†: quia alius est ordo legitimus, alia vsurpatio, quam a ad praesens fieri tempus impellit.

α. ¶Quam ad praesens. Haec sunt addita ex Innocentio, cuius verba in hoc capite in summam redacta, infra autem q. 7. c. quod pro remedio plenius referuntur.

Ergo aliquis alio tempore ab eo, qui Bonoso similis sit, ordinatus cessabit ab administratione, quae pro necessitate illius temporis suit permissa.

Item promotione, vt ait Leo epistola 3. ad Iulianum †Aquilegiensem.

Si quis d haereticae communionis contagione se maculaβ uerit, hoc in magno habeat beneficio, si adepta sibi omni spe promotionis e in quo inuenitur f ordine, pmaneat.

β. ¶Maculauerit. Hic apud B. Leonem cum alia verba sunt interiecta, tum c. saluberrimum. infra q. 7. caput enim hoc est quasi summa quaedam, quemadmodum et c. omnis. infra eadem, tametsi illud paulo plenius sit.

Ecce g si clericus vel ordinatione, vel quolibet sacramento haereticis communicat, cessans a promotione vix in suo ordine perseuerat. Non est enim de sacramento hoc, vt de caeteris. Caetera enim vel ad culpas abluendas dantur, vt baptismus, et poenitentia: vel pro culpis non in aeternum, sed ad horam negantur, vt Eucharistia, quae in articulo mortis poenitenti etiam de nefarijs peccatis conceditur. Hoc solum non solum pro culpa, sed etiam pro infamia h interdicitur†, et pro imminente munditia i suae, vel extrinseca, vel intrinseca perfectionis praerogativa: vt bigamis, vel viduae maritis, vel illiteratis, vel corporis qualibet parte vitiatis denegatur, quibus tamen baptismus, vel Eucharistia non negatur. Potest etiam talis caetera sacramenta administrare; qui istud solum k non valet conferre.

a. ¶Ecclesiis. J. ea. quaestione. in ecclesia, quam per manifestam adeptus est simoniam, non permittitur ministrare. hic e contra, scilicet propter scandalum, cum occultum sit delictum in ecclesia cui intitulatus est, et non in alia suscipitur, vel hoc cum emit illum ordinem, illud cum dignitatem vel beneficium. infra ea. erga.

b. ¶Quod pro necessitate temporis, &c. Cessante necessitate et dispensatio cessare debet.

c. ¶Quod. Id est, qua dispensatio urget, vel qua est accusatiui casus, id est, quod necessitas urgebat, id est, in ducebat. Arg. contra infra 19. quaest. 2. dux, ibi propter criminosos. B. Sol. ibi de causa impulsiua, hic de finali. ff. de postn. l. 1.

d. ¶Si quis. Hoc capitulum non loquitur de mero iure.

e. ¶Promotionis. s. 34. dist. praecipimus. Causa. depositi, si depositi. de hoc enim gratificare debet, ut ibi.

f. ¶Inuenitur. Nisi casibus notatis. 9. q. 1. in summa 1.

ECCE. CASVS. Hic ostendit Gratianus aliud esse in sacramento ordinis vel dignitatis, quod non confertur cum effectu ab haereticis, aliud in sacramento necessitatis, quod cum effectu confertur etiam ab haeretico, ut baptismus, poenitentia, et Eucharistia: quia sacramentum ordinis non solum propter culpam interdicitur, sed etiam propter irregularitatem, unde sacramenta necessitatis potest conferre qui istud solum conferre non potest.

g. ¶Ecce. Ostendit magister in hoc §. differentiam inter sacramenta dignitatis, et alia, et causam differentiae.

h. ¶Infamia. Quae etiam sine culpa contrahitur. 6. quaest. 1. §. uerum.

(Continuing canon C. XLII from p. 486.)

CASVS. De in hoc capite. si quis ordinauerit si depositione euadat, de cetero non ordineret illi ordinationi, qua contulit indigno. Extra de temp. ord. litteras.

¶Extra de praeben.

est †. extra de temp. ord. litteras: qui sed indigne ordinauit, alias in per qui promouet indignum deponi dist. ex penitentibus, et arg. hic ibi si sciuerit hoc facit, cum et ille sit ?

Vnde Leo ait ad episcopos Africae, epist. 8. s. nl. 87. c. 2.

Si qui episcopi talem a consecrauerint sacerdotem, qualem b non liceat; etiam si aliquo modo c damnum proprij honoris euaserint, ordinationis d tamen ius vlterius non habebunt e: nec † illi f vnquam g sacramenta interesse runt quod neglecto diuino iudicio, immerito praestiterunt.

Ecce h cum honoris periculum euadant, vt caetera sacramenta sacerdotaliter administrare permittantur, ab hoc solo non modo pro haeresi, vel pro qualibet maiori culpa, sed etiam pro negligentia remouentur. In quibus solicite notandum est, quod sacramentum sacerdotalis promotionis prae caeteris omnibus magis accurate, et digne dandum, vel accipiendum est, quia nisi ita collatum fuerit, eo desinet esse ratum, quo non fuerit rite perfectum. Caetera enim sacramenta vnicuique propter se dantur, et vnicuique talia fiunt, quali corde, vel conscientia accipiuntur. Istud solum non propter se solum, sed propter alios datur: et ideo necesse est, vt vero corde, mundaque conscientia, quantum ad se, sumatur: quia cum ad alios vero, non solum sine omni culpa, sed etiam sine omni infamia propter scandalum fratrum: ad quorum vtilitatem, non solum vt praesint, sed etiam vt prosint, sacerdotium datur.

Vnde Hieronymus ad c. 3. Michaeae.

Hi, quoscunque i de asseclis suis ordinant clericos, et vitam eorum in scandalum k populis exponentes, rei sunt infidelitatis eorum, qui scandalizantur.

Reuera enim qui ad hoc eliguntur, vt caeteris praesint, sicut praeordinantur dignitate, sic praeeminere debent sanctitate. Alioquin, cur caeteris praeferuntur, qui nulla meritorum gratia a caeteris assumuntur? Hinc etiam Symmachus Laurentio Mediolanensi episcopo post sextam synodum Romanam:

a. ¶Si qui episcopi. Et si poeniteant, tamen irregularitas pro?. Quia ibi non indignum ? superest hac veritas, quod ordinationem meretur, vt s. 50. hic ibi euaserint, ita tamen ille sit in notorio crimine: aliter non posset eum repellere ab ordine suscipiendo. extra de temp. ord. ex tenore. Vel dic, quod variae sunt poenae, hodie mitius agitur, vt extra de praeben. graue.

e. ¶Non habebunt. Scilicet cum aliquis punitur in eo in quo deliquit.

f. ¶Illi. Bazianus dicit, quod illum eundem ordinem non potest conferre, sed minorem vel maiorem bene · arg. extra de temp. or. litteras. quia haec poena est, et ideo non debet amplius extendi, quam inueniatur delictum. H. contradicit quod haec actio illi facit simplicem relationem.

g. ¶Vnquam. Argu. in eo puniendum esse aliquem in quo deliquit. 12. quaest. 2. de viro. et c. qui et humanis infes. ex q. 5. c. 1. s. distin. 81. valet. 17. q. 4. frater. et 7. q. 1. si quis de ordine. et 33. q. 2. admonere. inf. 27. q. 2. qui dormierit.

ECCE. CASVS. In hoc §. ostendit Gratianus re sacramentum ordinis magis discrete conferendum est quam caetera sacramenta, quia alia pro accipiente tantum; istud vero pro aliis confertur, vnde debet conferri non solum sine omni culpa, sed etiam sine omni infamia.

h. ¶Ecce. Adhuc perseuerat assignando differentiam, et causam differentiae.

HI, quoscunque. CASVS. Dicitur in hoc cap. quod episcopi suos suos sic indignos ordinant, qui scandalizantur propter ea sunt vsque ad c. dedit. Sed dicit supradicta e. scilicet si iuxta ?

i. ¶Quoscunque. Id est, aliquos indignos, quod colligo ex illo verbo, asseclis, ab asseclis dignos, plus eis tenerentur. 6. dist. non satis.

k. ¶In scandalum. Qui ergo occasionem damni dat, etc. extra de iniur. iur. et dam. si egressus. 3. infra contra. 3. quaest. 5. de occidendo. arg. ergo occasionem damni dat, etc. ut diligitur de causa proxima, et cum cul-

†al. Iulianum.

(Continuing from p. 487, end of italic editorial discussion.)

Vilissimus † a computandis est, nisi praecellat b scientia, et sanctitate, qui est honore praestantior.

§ 7. Patet ergo c illud Augustini (sacramenta videlicet Christi per haereticos ministrata suo non carere effectu) non de omnibus intelligi generaliter, sed de sacramento baptismi.

Vnde idem Augustinus ait tract. 5. in Ioannem.

Edit d baptismum Iudas, et non baptizatum est post Iudam: dedit e Ioannes f, et baptizatum est g post Ioannem; quia qui datus est a Iuda, baptismus Christi erat h, qui autem a Ioanne datus est, Ioannis erat. Non Iudam Ioanni, sed baptismum Christi, etiam per Iudae manus datum, baptismo Ioannis etiam per manus Ioannis dato recte praeponimus. Et paulo post. ¶Quos baptizauit Ioannes, Ioannes baptizauit: quos autem baptizauit Iudas, Christus baptizauit. Sic ergo quos baptizauit ebrius i, quos baptizauit homicida, quos baptizauit adulter, si baptisma Christi erat, Christus baptizauit. Item paucis interiectis. ¶Quod sacramentum tam sanctum est, vt nec homicida ministrante polluatur.

†al. Vilissimis comparandus.

a. ¶Vilissimus. ? vel scientia praestat scientiam &c.

Scientia praelati sit talem ? sufficiens.

Gnuitas et industria in praelato requiritur.

PATET ERGO. Haec est 7. pars huius quaestionis, in qua dicitur, quod sacramentum collatum in forma ecclesiae a malo catholico toleratus, ratus est. Ioannes de Fant.

c. ¶Patet ergo. Respicit illud cap. ex catholica. et ca. iustus.

Edit. ¶ CASVS. In catechumenum baptizando non attenditur meritum dantis, vt probatur exemplo Iudae: quia quos baptizauit, non sunt postea baptizati: quia Christus eos baptizauit. sed bene baptizati a Ioanne sunt postea baptizati: quia Ioannes erat baptismus. Sic ergo quos baptizat ebrius, adulter, et homicida, Christus baptizat.

d. ¶Dedit. Quia baptismus quoddam sacramentale, quo abluebatur. de confe. dist. 4. baptismus et ?.

e. ¶Dedit. In nomine Christi, filij, et spiritus sancti: et ideo distin. 4. aliud.

f. ¶Dedit Ioannes. In nomine Ioannis.

g. ¶Et baptizatum est. J. de generabantur.

h. ¶Baptismus Christi erat. In nomine venturi, &c. et ideo fuit legitur. Hic considerandum est, quod aliqui baptizati erant baptismo Christi a Ioanne baptizati: sciendum est in quo sit usus Ioannes. Illi responde ? ne nescientes spiritum sanctum in illius baptismo, postea baptizati sunt baptismo Christi. baptismus autem Ioannis erat in nomine venturi, unde Hierony. super ?. Qui dicit se in Christum credere, et non credit in spiritum sanctum, non dum habet claros oculos. Vnde baptizati a Ioanne in nomine venturi, id est, domini nostri Iesu Christi: qui spiritus sanctus est audiuimus, dixerunt, sed neque si spiritum sanctum in nomine Christi explicite. Illi iterum baptizati sunt in nomine Christi, id est, postquam Christus baptizatus est in baptismo Ioannis habebant et patrem, et filium, sed impositione manuum ab Apostolis super eos facta, spiritum sanctum receperunt. Alij vero qui non ita credebant, baptizati sunt baptismo Christi, ut dictum est. Vnde Hieronymus. Qui spiritum sanctum nesciebant cum baptismum a Ioanne acceperunt, iterum baptizati sunt, ne quis ex Iudaeis vel gentilibus ?.

i. ¶Ebrius. Ita tamen, quod sentiat quod intentio baptizati et baptizanti exigitur, vt de confecra. distinct. 4. solet. quia nemo sentit. ff. de sup. le. l. Labeo. et ita non est ? continues on next page

(Continuing gloss i ¶Ebrius from p. 488.)

? peccata dimittit: quod August. nega vero ab auaritia separari. Sequitur ?

v?g. ergo eadem ratione auarus, id est, dimittit peccata, quod ipsi haeretici nega-

si attendas vim meriti, neuter dimittit. Et dicit Aristoteles octauo Topicorum ?

a. ¶Ebrius. Addita sublata, et emendata sunt nonnulla in hoc capite ex originali, non tamen vox ista ob glossam. Legendum est enim, ebriolus.

Idem de baptismo contra Donatist. lib. 4. c. 4.

¶De eodem.

Sicut vrgeri videor, cum mihi dicitur, ergo haereticus dimittit a peccata? sic et ego b vrgeo, cum dico, ergo qui coelestia mandata non seruat, auarus, raptor, foenerator, inuidus, verbis, non factis saeculo renuncians dimittit peccata? si per vim sacramenti Dei; sicut et ille, ita et ille: si per meritum suum; nec ille. Illud enim sacramentum et in malis hominibus Christi esse cognoscitur. In corpore autem vnicae columbae c, incorruptae, sanctae, pudicae, non habetis maculam, aut rugam, nec ille, nec ille inuenitur. Vt si cuius † manus etiam est arida, verum quidem esset membrum: quamuis sine sanguine, et inefficax esset et mortuum: sic et fides, cum sit vera, tamen sine operibus mortua est.

Item paulo post. ¶Sic ergo in haeresi baptizatus in nomine sanctae Trinitatis, tamen non sit templum Dei, si ab haeresi non recesserit; quomodo neque in auaritia in eodem nomine baptizatus sit templum Dei, si ab auaritia non recedat, quae est idolorum seruitus.

β. ¶Vt si cuius. Verba haec usque ad versic. Item in vulgatis Beati Augustini codicibus eo loco non leguntur, neque apud caeteros collectores.

§ 8. Ex his itaque verbis apparet baptisma quod ab haereticis tribuitur, virtute sua remissionem conferre peccatorum.

Sed idem Augustinus econtra testatur libro 6. de baptismo contra Donatistas, c. 1. dicens.

¶Baptisma Christi, etsi nulla peruersitate violetur, apud haereticos tamen caret effectu.

Etiam d corde tardiores, quantum existimo, intelligunt baptismum Christi nulla peruersitate hominis, siue dantis, siue accipientis posse violari. Sed quia e aliud est sacramentum ab effectu sacramenti; cum eos qui in ipsa vnitate ecclesiae perdite viuunt, constet remissionem peccatorum nec dare, nec habere posse: quia non malignis, sed bonis filijs dictum est: Si cui dimiseritis peccata, dimittuntur ei; si cui tenueritis, tenebuntur. patet ergo haereticos f tantum dare, vel accipere sacramentum baptismi, et non dare remissionem peccatorum.

γ. ¶Sed quia aliud. Hinc usque ad finem verbis B. Augustini in summam redactis, sententia tamen manet incolumis. Integer locus habetur de consec. dist. 4. Quomodo. §. Non ob aliud.

Idem in sermone xi. de verbis Domini, de blasphemia in Spiritum sanctum.

a. ¶Dimittit peccata. Supra responde a contrarium dare instantiam est dicere, qua re non sic. Sic ordinabis argumentum. haereticus iuste baptizat. ergo dimittit peccatum, quod ego nego. et insto: auarus baptizat iuste; ergo dimittit peccatum, quod non concederent ipsi. sed dic instantiam non valere; quia secundum suam opinionem concluditur. sic 27. q. 1. num. puiarum.

¶Vnicae columbae. Quae complectitur tum grana sine palea. 32. q. 4. recurrat §. contra remissionem. et in glos. fina.

EX HIS. Hae est 8. pars quaestionis. in qua dicitur, sub baptismus in forma ecclesiae datus a quaecumque tenet: sed praecisus baptizatus non saluatur, sicut membrum praecisum a corpore non habet spiritum vitae. Ioan. de Fant.

b. ¶Tiam. CASVS. Ab isto loco probat contrarium; scilicet sub baptisma haereticorum non habet effectum. Est ergo casus talis. Dicitur in hoc c. sub tardi tarde credendum intelligunt, sub malus dat et accipit verum baptisma, sed non dat remissionem peccatorum, qui est effectus sacramenti: quia tantum bonis dictum est, Cui dimiseritis peccata, &c.

c. ¶Etiam. Ab illo loco inducit magister capitula, quibus vult probare, sub haeretici et si sacramentum conferre possint, non eis effectum sacramenti. quandoque tamen inducit, sub possint effectum conferre, et sub ista alternatione vt usque in finem quaestionis fracto fronto.

e. ¶Sed quia. Sicut aliud est elementum aliud consecratio, vt de consecra. distin. 4. suo fuit Cyprianus; quia non infra ea. si quis inquit.

continues on next page

(Continuing from p. 489.)

per malos; ipsam vero gratiam non nisi per scipsum, vt inf. de confe. dist. 4. quomodo.

¶De eodem.

Corporalia a sacramenta, quae portant, et celebrant etiam segregati ab vnitate corporis Christi, formam possunt exhibere pietatis b: Virtus vero pietatis inuisibilis, et spiritualis ita in eis non potest esse; quemadmodum sensus non sequitur hominis membrum, quando amputatur a corpore.

¶In aliquot vetustis codicibus hoc et sequens caput sunt coniunctae superiori.

Item Ambrosius in libro de initiandis rudibus.

¶De eodem.

Non sanat baptismus c perfidorum: non mundat, sed polluit: quia in diluuio d aquarum multarum ad Dominum non approximatur; quia, vt per Apostolum dicitur: Quidquid non est ex fide e, peccatum est. et ipsis, qui faciunt, et quibus faciunt, non solum non prodest, sed et ad iudicium est.

a. ¶Polluit. Hucusque Ambrosius. Sed Algerus libro terrio c. 1. referens hunc locum, addit usque ad ver. approximatur, ac deinde c. 13. citans etiam eundem librum B. Ambrosij, adiungit reliqua huius capitis usque ad finem.

Item Leo ad Nicetam Aquilegiensem episcopum, epist. 77. al. 79. c. 7.

¶Per manus impositionem confirmentur, qui ab haereticis baptisma accipiunt.

Hi, qui baptismum ab haereticis acceperunt, cum baptizati f antea non fuissent, sola inuocatione spiritus sancti per impositionem manuum confirmandi sunt; quia formam tantum baptismi sine sanctificationis virtute susceperunt. Vt hanc regulam, vt scitis, seruandam omnibus ecclesijs praedicamus, vt lauacrum semel initum nulla iteratione violetur, dicente Apostolo: Vnus g Dominus, vna h fides, vnum i baptisma: Cuius ablutio nulla iteratione temeranda est: sed, vt diximus, sola sanctificatio sancti spiritus inuocanda est, vt quod k ab haereticis nemo accipit, à catholicis sacerdotibus consequatur.

9. Sed notandum est, quod haeretici, vt Arriani, et Sabelliani, quorum l alij inaequalitatem, alij indiscretionem personarum m confitebantur, baptisma non in forma ecclesiae n, sed sua peruersitatis ministrabant. ¶De his specialiter

a. ¶Corporalia. CASVS. Sicut membrum amputatum sensum non habet, sic et corporalis baptismus sine effectu.

a. ¶Corporalia. Quae ministerio corporum, et circa corpora conferuntur, vel quia quaedam sunt corporea, vt chrisma, uel formae corporum sunt, vel quia sub corporalibus speciebus conferuntur. Sed nunquid cum corpore pereunt. arg. quod non. infr. ead. quod quidam. 32. q. 7. tantum valet.

b. ¶Pietatis. Id est, sanctae religionis et veritatis: sed ideo dicit, quia tunc est ibi pietas, cum veritas, &c.

¶Non sanat. CASVS. Dicitur in hoc ca. quod baptisma perfidorum non prodest. Et hoc probatur Apostoli auctoritate dicentis, omne quod non est ex fide, peccatum est: immo potius nocet assumentibus illud baptisma.

c. ¶Baptismus. Datus extra formam ecclesiae, vt infr. eod. § sed notandum.

d. ¶Qui in diluuio aquarum. Id est, multiplicitate diuersarum sententiarum, vel sectarum, vel in diluuio tantum, quia solus baptismus non sufficit nisi et gratia detur.

e. ¶Ex fide. Id est, cum fide operante per dilectionem.

¶Hi, qui. CASVS. Dicitur hic, quod hi qui ab haereticis baptizantur, per impositionem manus episcopi sunt confirmandi, vt sic gratia spiritus sancti in ecclesia recipiant: baptisma tamen reiterari non debet, dicente Apostolo: vnus deus. &c.

f. ¶Baptizati. Nam tunc nihil acceperant a ?

g. ¶Vnus. Id est, incommunicabilis ?

h. ¶Vna. Id est, ab vno ?

i. ¶Vnum. Id est, vnam ? siue paruulis, siue adultis ? pediat, vel vnum, quia in ?

k. ¶Vt quod. Scilicet sacramentum; remissionem peccatorum ? infra ea. §. nemo. Nam ? sitate accipit, 32. dist. §. verum.

¶Sed notandum est. Haec est 9. pars quaestionis. in qua dicitur, quod quidam haeretici non baptizant in forma ecclesiae. Alij haeretici dant baptisma, sed iteratur. Ioan. de Fant. dices, quod supra dic. eodem. et magis maxime ca. non sanat. intelliguntur baptizati sunt in forma ecclesiae, qui ? baptizati. Et hoc probat per seq. cap.

l. ¶Quorum. Vt Ariani, qui dicunt non Patri, 24. q. 3. quidam. vers. Ariani.

m. ¶Personarum. Vt Sabelliani, qui personam esse Patris, et filij et spiritus 3. quidam. versi. Sabelliani.

n. ¶Ecclesiae. Quae necessaria est. 32. et inf. ea. c. de nube.

(Continuing from p. 490.)

¶Si quis confugerit. CASVS. Statutum fuit in Niceno concilio, quod si quis ad ecclesiam catholicam de Paulianistis, et Cataphrygis venerit, rebaptizetur. Si vero clerici fuerint apud eos, et inculpati et irreprehensibiles, item ordinentur ab episcopo ecclesiae catholicae. Si vero examinati minus apti fuerint, deponi eos oportet. Similiter et de diaconibus et omnibus aliis, qui in eodem clero inueniantur, eadem forma seruabitur.

Ambrosius locutus est dicens: Non sanat baptismus perfidorum, &c. Sed etiam, vt rebaptizentur, & reordinentur, in concilio Niceno c. 19. statutum est.

¶Rebaptizentur, & reordinentur, qui de Paulianistis, & Cataphrygis ad ecclesiam redeunt.

Si quis confugerit ad ecclesiam catholicam de Paulianistis a, & Cataphrygis æ b, statutum est omnino debere. Si qui vero clerici erant apud eos, si quidem inculpati fuerint, & irreprehensibiles, rebaptizandi sunt, & rursus c etiam ab episcopo ecclesiae catholicae ordinentur. Si vero examinati, minus fuerint apti, deponi d eos oportet. Similiter autem & circa diaconos β, & de omnibus, qui in eodem clero inueniuntur, eadem forma seruabitur.

α. ¶Cataphrygis. Legitur haec dictio in prisca versione, quae est in varijs exemplaribus collectionis Isidori impressis, ac manuscriptis: sed non est in canone graeco, neque in versione Dionysij, neque alijs recentioribus. Quod autem & isti baptizandi sint, traditum est in concilio Laodiceno, c. 8., in synodo septima seu secunda Nicaena, c. 7., et infra de consec. dist. 4. c. hi vero, quod est Gregorij.

β. ¶Diaconos. Graece est, περὶ τῶν διακονισσῶν, καὶ ὅλως περὶ τῶν ἐν τῷ κανόνι ἐξεταζομένων, id est, De diaconissis, & de his omnino, qui in commune connumerantur.

Item Innocentius ad episcopos Macedoniae, epist. 22. c. 5.

¶De eodem. C. LIII.

Paulianistae e in nomine patris, & filij, & spiritus sancti minime baptizabant; & Nouatiani ijsdem tremendis, venerandisque nominibus baptizant; nec apud istos de vnitate potestatis diuinae, hoc est patris, filij, & spiritus sancti quaestio aliquando mota est.

Alij f formam ecclesiae in baptizando seruant. Sed, dum ab eis baptizantur, qui in haeresi, vel schismate eis communicant, sacramentum quidem baptismi ab eis accipiunt, virtutem vero non consequuntur, quam sine fide nullus consequi potest. Vnde de Domino dicitur, quod in patria g sua non poterat h facere signum propter incredulitatem eorum.

Vnde Augustinus tract. 80. ad c. 15. Ioannis, & sermone de cataclysmo, c. 5. initio.

¶Dum verbum accedit ad elementum, fit sacramentum.

Detrahe i verbum, & quid est aqua, nisi aqua? acce-

a. ¶Paulianistis. Qui dicebant Christum non fuisse semper, sed a Maria sumpsisse initium, vt infra 24. q. 3. quidam. §. Paulianistae.

b. ¶Cataphrygis. Cataphrygae dicunt spiritum sanctum paruulum hominem, &c. vt in praedi. c. quidam. verb. Cataphrygae.

c. ¶Rursus. Arg. quod non baptizatus nullam recipit ordinem. extra de presbyt. non bapti. c. si quis presbyter. infr. eo. tit. c. si quis per ignorantia. §. ea. cum Paulus.

d. ¶Deponi. De facto, vel deponi, id est, non admitti.

e. ¶Paulianistae. Isti non baptizabant in forma ecclesiae; sed Nouatiani sic; sed rebaptizant iam baptizatos. Sed illi, qui ab eis in forma ecclesiae sunt baptizati, si eis communicant in haeresi, tunc effectum sacramenti non recipiunt, quem nullus sine fide consequi potest.

f. ¶Alij. Hic §. respicit §. supra positum, sed notandum.

g. ¶In patria. Quia nemo propheta est acceptus in patria sua.

h. ¶Non poterat. Id est nolebat, vel quia potentiae suae non congruebat. arg. 32. q. 5. si Paulus. quia ipsi erant increduli. Sed nonne poteras facere ne essent increduli. & ita facere miracula? nam dicit regula iuris, quod qui potest facere vt possit, dicitur posse, vt ff. de regu. iur. qui potest. sed lex illa intelligitur de eo, qui tenetur ex necessitate, & adstrictus est ad aliquid faciendum.

¶Detrahe verbum. CASVS. Ostenditur hic, quod si verbum Euangelicum sub forma debita apponatur ad aquam, fit sacramentum: in qua tanta virtus est, vt corpus tangat, & cor abluat, non tamen quia verbum dicitur, quia fides adhibetur. Seq. §. pater.

i. ¶Detrahe. Id est, si aliquis immergat aliquem, & ?

(Continuing canon C. LIIII from p. 491.)

non proferat verba, non baptizat: quia nec sola elementum, nec sola verba ad hoc sufficiunt. Accedit verbum ad elementum, & fit sacramentum b. Vnde ista tanta virtus aquae, vt corpus tangat, & cor abluat; nisi faciente c verbo: non quia dicitur, sed quia creditur d. Nam & in ipso verbo aliud e sonus transiens, aliud f virtus manens.

De his etiam, qui in haeresi, vel schismate baptizantur, scribit Augustinus libro de fide ad Petrum diaconum, c. 36, dicens.

¶Extra ecclesiam baptizati perniciem sibi cumulant, si ad ecclesiam non redierint.

Firmissime tene, & nullatenus dubites extra ecclesiam baptizatis, si ad ecclesiam non redierint, baptismo conferri cumulari & perniciem. Tantum enim valet ecclesiasticae societatis communio t ? ad salutem; vt baptismo non saluetur, cui non ibi datur, vbi oportet vt detur.

Idem tractatu 13. ad c. 3. Ioannis.

¶Infirma sunt dona, quae praeter vnitatem ecclesiae habentur.

Teneamus h fratres mei vnitatem. Praeter vnitatem, & qui facit miracula, nihil est i. In vnitate enim erat populus Israel, & non faciebat miracula: praeter vnitatem erant magi Pharaonis, & faciebant similia Moysi. Populus Israel, vt dixi: non faciebat miracula. Qui erant saluati apud Deum qui faciebant, an qui non faciebant? Petrus est mutus, si loqui non potest, non baptizabit r ?: & quod dicitur, sed quia creditur, hoc ad suscipientem refertur: quia non exigitur fides conferentis, sed suscipientis, de consec. dist. 4. tunc valere. ab ipso enim dante sola intentio requiritur, vt dixi supra ca. sicut.

c. ¶Faciente. Id est, in forma Euangelij: in nomine patris, & filij, & spiritus sancti.

d. ¶Creditur. vt supra ca. sicut. Videtur ergo, mutus possit baptizare: quia matrimonium potest contrahere: maxime si tres personas potest exprimere, quod concedo. infra de consec. dist. 4. detrahe verbum.

e. ¶Sonus. Est sonus vocalis, & est sonus mentalis.

f. ¶Aliud. Id est efficacia a Deo sibi collata. infra de cons. dist. 4. c. solet. & c. quamuis, & c. ecclesia paradiso.

¶Firmissime. CASVS. Dicitur hic quod non prodest baptismus si extra vnitatem ecclesiae conferatur, nisi baptizatus ad ecclesiam redierit.

g. ¶Cumulari. Cumulum supplicij. 32. q. 7. vsque adeo.

¶Teneamus. CASVS. dicitur hic, extra veritatem ecclesiae non profunt dona etiam miraculosa. & hoc probatur exemplo populi Israel, & magorum Pharaonis, qui fecerunt miracula, & tamen damnati sunt: sed populus non fecit miracula & tamen saluabatur, vt quidam Christiani in nouo testamento saluantur, licet miracula non fecerint, sed Simon magus qui damnatus fuit, miracula fecit. Sequens c. patet.

h. ¶Teneamus. Probat baptismum posse conferri à malis. & ipsi possunt miracula facere. infra ca. prophetauit.

i. ¶Nihil est. Quo ad vitam aeternam.

Editorial marginal notes: Baptismus in maris littore factus non consecrat totum mare. Metiri Deo possumus, sed non ipsum fallere. Miracula bonis & malis sunt communia. Magi: Ioannes & Mambres, tria fecerunt miracula. ?

Magi. Ioannes & Mambres. isti magi scilicet Ioannes & Mambres tria fecerunt miracula. virgas in serpentes conuerterunt, & aquam in sanguine, & fecerunt aquam ranis ebullire: sed Cynyphes ? non potuerunt educere vt Moyses. vnde dixerunt: Digitus Dei est hic. & ita defecerunt in quarto miraculo, scilicet in tertia plaga: quia primum non fuit plaga, & ideo quandoque dicuntur, defecisse in tertio miraculo, quia in tertia ?

(Continuing from p. 492.)

plaga. 16. quaest. 1. cap. nec mirum.

¶48. §. 9.

Apostolus resuscitauit mortuum, Simon Magus fecit multa. Erant ibi multi Christiani, qui non poterant facere, nec quod faciebat Petrus, nec quod faciebat Simon. Sed vnde gaudebant quia nomina eorum erant scripta in caelo.

Item Leo ad Nicetam episcopum, epist. 77. al. 79. c. 7.

¶Baptisma semel traditum non est reiterandum.

Hanc a regulam, vt scitis, seruandam omnibus ecclesijs praedicamus, vt lauacrum semel initum nulla iteratione violetur, dicente Apostolo: Vnus Dominus, vna fides, vnum baptisma. Cuius ablutio nulla iteratione temeranda est: sed vt diximus, sola sanctificatio sancti spiritus inuocanda est, vt quod ab haereticis nemo b accipit, à catholicis sacerdotibus consequatur.

10. Nemo b, in haeresi, vel schismate constitutus intelligendus est. Caeterum si cum fidei integritate, & animi puritate de manu haereticorum in forma c ecclesiae aliquis baptisma acceperit: tunc impletur illud Augustini: Per lapideum canalem d & aqua transit ad areolas. & iterum: Spiritalis virtus sacramenti, &c.

Idem sermone xx. de verbis Domini, de blasphemia in spiritum sanctum.

¶Etiam per malos boni colliguntur.

Spiritus sanctus in sancta ecclesia, etiam isto tempore, quo † area orig. quomodo velut granum cum palea trituratur, sic operatur, vt nullius veram confessionem aspernetur, nullius simulatione e fallatur, atque ita reprobos f fugiat, vt etiam per eorum ministerium probos g colligat.

¶Ecce quando † ab haereticis baptisma cum sua virtute accipitur: cuius tam necessaria administratio est, vt nec etiam à paganis h datum possit reiterari. Vnde in ecclesiastica historia legitur, quod Alexander episcopus Alexandriae, cum Petri martyris solennia celebraret, post expleta Missarum sacramenta vidit super oram maris puerorum i ludum imitantium vt fieri solet, episcopum, & gerentium ea, quae in ecclesia geri mos est. Mox eos ad se perduci iubet; & quid egissent percunctatur. Illi rei ordinem pandunt baptizatos à se esse quosdam catechumenos confitentur per Athanasium k puerum, qui illis fuerat episcopus simulatus. Vbi ex responsis eorum vidit secundum religionis nostrae ritum cuncta constare; statuit, illis quibus integris interrogationibus l, & responsionibus aqua fuerat infusa, iterari

a. ¶Hanc. Hoc est pars illius c. 3. ea. hi qui. & repetit hic finem illius cap. vt exponat in §. sequenti.

NEMO. Haec est decima pars quaestionis, in qua dicitur, baptismus potest dari à quocunque: & hoc vsque ad §. hoc ergo. Ioan. de Fantutiis.

b. ¶Nemo. Arg. ad quaest. de inuasore, vtrum per eum possit praesentari clericus in ecclesia, & si per haereticum sententia iusta detur. de consec. dist. 2. & dixit dominus Ioan., quorum vtrumque falsum est, quia inuasor non toleratur & haereticus est excommunicatus.

c. ¶Forma. Scilicet, in necessitate, vel ignoranter.

d. ¶Per lapideum canalem. ca. si iustus.

¶Spiritus sanctus. CASVS. Dicitur hic, & spiritus sanctus à nullius simulatione fallatur, sic tamen fidelis vtitur, vt per eorum ministerium bonos congregat.

e. ¶Fallatur. Nam mentiri Deo possumus, sed ipsum fallere non possumus. de consec. dist. 2. panem. omnia enim certa sunt ei. ff. de aedil. sed & f. retentatur. §. vlti. arg. contra 81. dist. oportet. 16. q. 1. reuertimini. F. ea. c. si iustus.

f. ¶Reprobos. Arg. non praeiudicare alicui in sua causa religionem alterius, non enim melius debet alicui credi, quia signa & miracula facit, cum & bonis & malis sint communia, supra ca. multa.

g. ¶Probos. Quia illo corde sumunt, infr. eo. non nocet.

ECCE. Iste Huguccio & historia in eo posita patent ex textu.

h. ¶A paganis. Si in forma ecclesiae detur. de consec. distinct. 4. à quodam.

i. ¶Puerorum. Doli capacium. aliter nihil agerent ▪ nam tales furiosis comparantur. ff. de acquiren. posses. l. prima, §. primo. 1 c. quaest. 1. illud. Quis autem sit doli capax, lex dicit, scilicet qui est proximus pubertati. ff. de regu. iur. pupillum. ignorans tamen acquirit aliquid. ff. quemadmo. ser. amit. si partem. §. 2.

k. ¶Per Athanasium. Proprium nomen.

l. ¶Integris interrogationibus. Per hoc quod dicit, integris, patet non iocosum factum fuisse: & ita non soluitur hic illa quaestio. arg. de conse. dis. 4. solet quaeri. licet quidam dicant eam hic solui. Sed dico etiam quod licet formam ludendo accipiat. dum tamen baptizare intendat, baptizat. Si autem omnia iocose fiant, non erat baptismus, ar. 22. q. 2. c. quod ait. ff. de actio. & oblig. obligationum ?

Editorial marginal note: Baptizatus iocose non est baptizatus.

Decret. Grat. ps. ij. II

(Continuing from p. 493.)

baptismum a non debere b, sed adimpleri c easque & sacerdotibus mos est. Hinc etiam Isidorus ait.

¶De his, qui per ignorantiam ordinantur, antequam baptizentur.

Si quis e per ignorantiam ordinatur, antequam baptizetur, debent ab eo baptizati iterum baptizari, & ipse vlterius non ordinetur f. Sed Romanus Pontifex non hominem iudicat, qui baptizat, sed spiritu Dei subministrare gratiam baptismi, licet paganus & sit qui baptizat.

Caput hoc Burchardus & Iuo citant ex dictis Isidori: ex qua citandi formula solet indicari non esse propria auctoris verba. Videtur autem in priore parte vel prima poni quaestio, vel falsa alicuius opinio recitari, cui deinde in posteriore parte opponatur vera. Sed Romanus, &c. quae infra etiam de consecr. dist. 4. cap. Romanus, citatur ex Isidoro. Idque clarius lib. 5. capitularium. c. 4. exponitur his verbis: Si qui baptizatus est à presbytero non baptizato, & sancta Trinitas in ipso baptismo inuocata fuit, baptizatus est, sicut Sergius Papa dixit: Impositione vero manus indiget. Gregorius episcopus Romanus, & Ioannes Sacellarius sic senserunt.

¶PALEA.

SI presbyter ordinatus deprehenderit se non esse baptizatum, baptizetur, & ordinetur iterum a.

Hac Palea licet indicatus, ex tom. collectione, quae est in tomis conciliorum post decreta Alexandri tertij, & cap. de presbytero non baptizato citatur ex concilio apud Compendium.

α. ¶Iterum. Sequebatur, & omnes, quos prius baptizauit: quae sunt expuncta, quia non habentur in dicto c. 1. de presbytero non bapt., neque in c. veniens. cod. tit. vbi refertur, licet habeantur in alijs locis indicatis.

¶Quod autem caetera sacramenta ab haereticis ministrari non possint; testatur Hieronymus in Aggaeum prophetam. c. 1.

¶Non placent Deo quae ab haereticis offeruntur.

Sic populus & sic gens haereticorum omnium est in conspectu meo, dicit Dominus, omne quod fecerint, quod sacramentum baptismi sumptum ab haeretico in necessitate vel ignoranter valet h caetera vero sacramenta ab eis ministrari non possunt: & si fiunt ab eis inania sunt, & intelliguntur sequentia ca. de sacramentis haereticorum, in quibus forma ecclesiae praetermittuntur, vel quando recipiuntur ab eis praeter necessitatem: & scienter.

a. ¶Baptismum. Argum. non iterari sacramentum, licet non sit perfectum.

b. ¶Non debere. Arg. simulationem alicui non debere praeiudicare. 1. 5. dist. 22. quod interrogatur. J. 21. q. 5. eccle. inf. de consec. dist. 4. solet quaeri, contra. J. ca. 12. q. 2. quod ait. ff. de act. & oblig. obligationum.

c. ¶Sed adimpleri. Arg. 23. dist. quorum: & in l. dam. 7. q. 1. nihil.

d. ¶Ea quae. Scilicet vt in vertice & pectore & in scapulis vngant, extra de sac. non ite. c. 1. in fin. Ioan.

¶Argu. ad si quis. Aliquis antequam baptizaretur, fuit ordinatus in presbyterum, & ante baptisma multos baptizauit. Modo quaeritur vtrum baptizati ab eo debeant iterum baptizari, & an debeant ipse à promotione repellit hoc. Et respondet Romanus Pontifex non debent iterum baptizari: sed à promotione ? cessari. Et legit litteram interrogatiue vsque ibi, Sed Romanus Pontifex.

e. ¶Si quis. Quidam ponunt ita casum istum. Duae quaestiones fiunt hic Isidoro. Prima, vtrum baptizati ab ordinato ante baptisma sint rebaptizandi. Secunda, vtrum ipse debeat ordinari ad presbyterum. Et est dicendum & primam quaestionem respondet ab illo loco, Sed manus. Secunda quaestioni non respondet, sed potest decidi per cap. supr. ea. si quis confugerit. & secundum hoc legitur totum sub interrogatione vsque ad illud, sed Romanus. Sed supplebis secundum hoc in littera, vlterius non ordinetur: sed, id est, quia, &c. Et ita respondet vni quaestioni, non alij. arg. extra de praesump. nonne. instit. de inutil. stip. §. quoties. C. de dier. rescrip. l. 1. & hoc verum est, cum sint connexae. Alij legunt ca. plane de dicunt baptizatum ab eo debent rebaptizare. Sed male dicunt, vnde illud, Sed Romanus. est correctorium. & ipse vlterius non ordinetur. & hoc corrigitur sup. ead. si quis confugerit. Vel hic loquitur de rigore secundum Isidorum, secundum casum, quem ponit Isid. secundum falsam quorundam opinionem, scilicet tales debent rebaptizari, vnde corrigit se statim ibi, sed Romanus. quasi dicat ita alij dicunt, sed Romanus, &c.

f. ¶Non ordinetur. De rigore, alias tenens. extra de cler. non ordi. ministran. c. 1.

g. ¶Paganus. Sup. dist. 32. §. verum. inf. de cons. dist. 4. quos à paganis. contra, sed ibi praeter formam ecclesiae fuerunt baptizati; hic autem de eo baptismo agitur, quod in forma ecclesiae traditur.

¶QVOD AVTEM. CASVS. Dictum est sup. & sacramentum baptismi sumptum ab haeretico in necessitate vel ignoranter valet, caetera vero sacramenta ab eis ministrari non possunt ?.

h. ¶Non possint. Cum effectu gratis. not. facti gratis nocere. Item not. non quod quis faciat, sed cuius auctoritate quid faciat, considerandum.

¶Sic populus. CASVS. Dicit in hoc ca. oblationes haereticorum vel vota, siue pro pace siue pro peccatis siue pro ecclesia ?, ieiunia, eleemosynae, & cantica eorum, omnia sunt contaminata in conspectu Dei. Sequentia c. vsque ad ca. si quis inquit, plana sunt: quia de eadem materia loquuntur, & idem repetitur, & per te videbis.

i. ¶Sic populus. Sic, consecutiue, & haec sequentia ?

(Continuing canon C. LXI from p. 494.)

mihi obtulerint, vel vota a, vel pro salute b, vel pacifica c, vel pro peccato, vel pro delicto, vel in holocaustum d, siue eleemosynas, siue ieiunia, siue victus continentiam, & corporis castitatem, contaminata erunt in conspectu e meo. Quamuis enim sancta videantur specie sui f, quae offeruntur à talibus; tamen, quia tacta sunt ab eo, qui pollutus in anima est, omnia polluentur.

α. ¶Sic populus. In originali legitur, sic populus iste, & sic gens illa, Iudaeorum videlicet, atque gentilium, & haereticorum omnium, &c.

β. ¶Vota. Ibidem habetur, vel vota pro salute, sed ob glossam non est mutatum.

Item in Amos prophetam, c. 5.

¶De eodem.

ODit Deus sacrificia haereticorum, & à se proijcit; & quotiescunque sub nomine Domini fuerint congregati, detestatur foetorem eorum, & claudit nares g suas.

Idem in Osee, c. 6.

¶De eodem.

ILli offerunt panem sacrilegum, & dant eleemosynas, & sectari videntur humilitatem. Quae ego, si vere h fiant, holocausta interpretor. Cum autem scientiam Dei reliquerint; frustra truncato capite i fidei, caetera membra habere se iactant.

Idem in epistolam ad Galatas, c. 1.

¶Sine fide & charitate nec Euangelium habetur, nec prosunt aliqua bona.

MArcion k, & Basilides l, & caeterae haereticorum pestes non habent Dei Euangelium; quia non habent spiritum sanctum, sine quo humanum m fit Euangelium n, quod docetur. Nec putemus in verbis scripturarum esse Euangelium, sed in sensu o; non in superficie, sed in medulla; non in sermonum folijs, sed in radice rationis.

Idem ad c. 5. eiusdem epistolae.

¶De eodem.

TAl ferimus Vide quantum bonum sit charitatis. Si ita martyrium fecerimus, vt nostras velimus ab hominibus reliquias honorari; si opinionem vulgi sectantes, intrepidi, sanguinem fuderimus, & substantiam nostram vsque ad mendicitatem propriam dederimus; huic operi p non tam praemium, quam poena debetur, & perfidiae magis tormenta sunt, quàm corona q victoriae.

Item ex concilio Laodicensi, c. 32.

¶Haereticorum benedictio, maledictio est.

NOn oportet haereticorum benedictiones accipere: quoniam magis sunt maledictiones, quam benedictiones.

a. ¶Vel vota. Generale est, & postea subdiuidit & partes.

b. ¶Vel pro salute. Pro salute & pro peccato dicit, quasi sint nomina sacrificiorum: quorum vnum ad salutem conseruandam, alterum ad peccata purganda offerebatur. quidam codices non habent secundum H.

c. ¶Vel pacifica. Sic autem dicebatur sacrificium quod offerebatur pro pace adepta, vel adipiscenda.

d. ¶Vel in holocaustum. Holon totum, cauma incendium. 50. dist. ponderet. versic. vna.

e. ¶In conspectu meo. Ecclesiastica enim dignitas non facit cum Christiani, vt 5. 1. q. 7. non omnes episcopi.

f. ¶Specie sui. Quantum ad superficiem.

g. ¶Claudit nares. Huic simili modo 24. q. 1. odi.

h. ¶Vere. id est, ex charitate & fide. de poe. dist. 4. c. penul. & vlt.

i. ¶Truncato capite. id est, fide quae est fundamentum omnium bonorum. sup. ead. cum Paulus.

k. ¶Marcion. Iste Marcion dicebat duo esse principia, vnum superiorum, aliud inferiorum. 24. q. 3. quidam. versi. & Marcionitae.

l. ¶Basilides. Iste negauit Christum fuisse ? baptizatum ? 24. quaest. 3. cap. quidam.

m. ¶Humanum. Id est, non diuinum, non conferens gratiam.

n. ¶Euangelium. in verbis. Argu. verba rebus deseruiunt, non res verbis, praefertur enim intentio verbis ar. 13. q. 1. c. 2. verb. verba. arg. 38. dist. sedulo. arg. 22. q. 5. humanae. & q. 2. ne quis. ar. 23. q. 1. paratus. & q. 8. occidit. argu. 29. dist. regulae.

o. ¶Sed in sensu. ar. 11. q. 3. antecessor. &c. quod praedecessor. ar. ff. de leg. & senatusc. scire leges. ar. extra de verb. sig. propterea. & c. intelligentia. arg. 22. q. 2. is qui.

p. ¶Operi. Vide quantum dare eleemosynam ad vanam gloriam sit peccatum. argu. 23. q. 1. militare. 24. q. 1. prodi. ?

q. ¶Quam corona. supra dist. 90. neque, in fi. & c. si quis autem infra de poe. dist. 3. §. pe. contra. arg. dicit Aug. quod si quis non habens charitate patitur martyrium, & si non prodest ei ad vitam aeternam, prodest tamen ei ad minus supplicium subeundum. Sol. ibi agit de illis, qui bono zelo, etsi non secundum conscientiam martyrium subeunt: hic de illis qui arroganter, vt hic innuitur. Ioan.

¶Non oportet. Benedictiones. Id est, sacramenta, vel dogmata: vel hoc dicit ironice, benedictiones ?

Editorial marginal notes: Martyrium non semper prodest ad salutem aeternam. Error Basilidis haeretici: Christum non baptizatum ? fuisse in nomine.

Decret. Grat. 2. ps. III

(Continuing from p. 495.)

ctiones, i. dignitates & praedicationes, quae idiotis videntur benedictiones, vel benedictionum abusiones.

ethnicis & publicanis, ut cum eis non sumamus cibum, multo fortius ipsi haeretici praecisi. Quinto, quia non tantum ipsi puniuntur, sed etiam eis fauentes, & eorum sacramentis utentes. Sexto auctoritate Oseae prophetae dicentis, sacrificia eorum esse panem luctus.

Item ex concilio Martini Papae, c. 70.

Non liceat clericis, vel laicis ab haereticis eulogias accipere; quia maledictiones sunt magis, quam benedictiones: neque liceat aut cum haereticis aut cum schismaticis orare.

a. ¶On liceat. ¶Schismaticis. J. de consec. dist. 1. eps nullum. contra. Solutio. illud antiquitus †, illud de consuetudine ecclesiae roboratum. H.

b. ¶Nec vera. Quantum ad habendum rem sacramenti, & licitam executionem.

c. ¶In nostrae proprietate. Id est vera fide incarnationis, qua credimus Christianos Deo reconciliari nascendo, moriendo, & resurgendo, &c. 23. dist. qui episcopus.

ADDITIO. Vel in sua propria natura humana. q. d. non sunt rata & vera quo ad effectum executionis, vel gratiae & salutis, sine fide mediatoris, id est, nisi credat Christus verus Deus: & nos reconciliasse patri. sine hac fide nil valet offerentibus quo ad vitam, & salutem, & similiter sumentibus. Pe.

Item Leo ad Anatolium Constantinopolitanum episcopum, epist. 38. c. 2.

In ecclesia Dei, quae corpus Christi est, aliter nec rata sunt sacerdotia, nec vera sacrificia: nisi in nostrae proprietate naturae verus nos pontifex reconciliet, verus immaculati agni sanguis emundet.

Idem Leoni Augusto, epist. 73.

Manifestum est per crudelissimam , insanissimamque saevitiam † in Alexandrina sede omne caelestium sacramentorum lumen extinctum . Intercepta est sacrificii oblatio: defecit chrismatis sanctificatio: & parricidalibus manibus impiorum omnia se subtraxere mysteria.

† al. vesaniam

d. ¶Manifestum est per crudelissimam. Scilicet Arrianam.

e. ¶Extinctum. Vt 24. q. 3. resecandae.

f. ¶Intercepta. i. prorsus quo ad effectum ? consumpta. & ita dicit Ovidius in sexto metamorpho. in fabula ranarum: Colla intercepta videntur.

Item Beatus Martyr Cyprianus in epistola contra haereticos.

Si quis, inquit, de ecclesia, haeretica praesumptione exierit , à semetipso damnatus est . Cum huiusmodi, secundum Apostolum, nec cibum quidem sumere debemus. Declaratur hoc in libro regnorum, ubi cum homo Dei, ad Hieroboam missus esset; qui ei peccata sua exprobraret...

¶Si quis. CASVS. Hoc c. dividitur in tres partes. In prima dicit Cyprianus, quod si quis sequitur haeresim iam damnatam, seipsum damnare videtur, nec cum eo cibum vel potum sumere debemus: sicut testatur Apostolus, & hoc etiam probatur per historiam de Abdo ? prophetae. In secunda dicitur quod sacramenta non sunt ab eis recipienda, quia falsa sunt, cum nec cibus temporalis sit cum eis sumendus: & quod falsa sint, multipliciter probat. In tertia parte dicit, quod quicunque eos defendunt, puniuntur, & non solum duces, & auctores, sed etiam participes. Et hoc probatur auctoritate Moysi, & Oseae prophetae. Secunda pars incipit ibi. An debet. Tertia ibi, Quare qui, Io. etiam posuit in suo apparatu casum, & eum videbis.

CASVS. Intendit Cyprianus probare, quod non debemus uti sacramentis haereticorum. Primo auctoritate Apostoli, qui cibum corporalem prohibet cum eis sumi. Secundo auctoritate Domini, qui prohibuit Abdon prophetam cum eis cibum sumere. Tertio, quia haeretici more simiae imaginem tantum habent sacramentorum, sed non habent vera sacramenta. Quarto quia si mali, qui sunt in ecclesia post trinam monitionem comparantur

g. ¶Exierit. Id est, egerit, propter quod meretur exire & damnari. arg. 24. q. 3. si quis non recto.

h. ¶A semetipso. Id est, ad suum effectum, sive facti cadendo in haeresim iam damnatam, ut infra 4. q. 5. c. 1. infra 24. q. 1. c. 1. 2. & 3.

i. ¶Damnatus est. Id est, ipse iniecit se in excommunicationem 4. 7. q. 1. denique.

4. Vel dic damnatus est, id est, ipse fecit unde merito danatus est. fi. 11. q. 3. placuit universo, &c. & c. ipse ligandi. Ar.

k. ¶Ad Hieroboam. Historia. Legitur 3. lib. Reg. quod cum Abdo propheta mitteret ad Hieroboam, ut eum de idololatria redargueret, dictum est ei ne comederet, vel biberet in Samaria, cumque negotio finito reverteretur, decepit eum propheta & in Bethel induxit eum, ut secum comederet, cumque comedisset, locutus est ei propheta in spiritu dicens, quia ? verbum Dei in loco prohibito comedisti & bibisti, non inferetur cadaver tuum in sepulchra patrum tuorum, cum ergo sedes super asinum rediret, invasit cum leo, & interfecit.

¶Ad Hieroboam. Vt 7. q. 1. denique, qui fecerat duo idola, & unum posuerat in Bethel, aliud in Dan.

(Continuing C. LXX from p. 496.)

braret, atque ultionem futuram praediceret; panem quoque apud illum † edere, & aqua bibere vetaretur. Quod cum non custodisset; divina sententia inde rediens, morsu leonis in itinere interit.

† illo] orig.

¶Et audet quisquam dicere aquam baptismi salutarem, & gratiam caelestem communem cum haereticis † esse posse, cum quibus nec terrestris cibus, nec saecularis potus debet esse communis? Constat autem oleum, unde baptizati unguntur, sanctificari & Eucharistiam fieri apud illos omnino non posse , ubi spes nulla est; & fides falsa, ubi omnia per mendacium geruntur. Nam haereticus † simiarum more, quae cum homines non sint, humana tamen immitantur, vult ecclesiae catholicae auctoritatem sibi, & veritatem vendicare, quando ipse in ecclesia non sit. Benedicit à Deo maledictus; uitam pollicetur mortuus; Deum invocat blasphemus; sacerdotium administrat profanus; ponit altare sacrilegus: haec omnia & illud malum; ut antistes diaboli audeat Eucharistiam facere, quando nec sanctificari oblatio illic possit ubi spiritus sanctus non sit, nec cuiquam Dominus per eius orationes, & preces profit, qui Dominum ipse violavit. Si enim qui ecclesiam contemnunt & ethnici, & publicani habentur; multo magis utique rebelles, & hostes, falsa altaria, & illicita sacerdotia, & sacrificia sacrilega, & nomina adulterata fingentes, inter ethnicos & publicanos necesse est computentur: quos omnes constat à charitate, atque ab unitate ecclesiae recessisse. Ergo omnia quaecunque faciunt haeretici, carnalia sunt, & inania, & falsa; ita ut nihil eorum quae illi gesserint, à nobis probari debeat. Non statim † suscipienda sunt, & assumenda, quae iactantur in Christi nomine; sed quae geruntur in Christi veritate. Quomodo enim perficere quae agunt, aut impetrare aliquid illicitis conatibus de Deo possunt; qui contra Deum, quod eis non licet, moliuntur? ¶Quare, qui haereticis †, & schismaticis patrocinantur, censura divina in eorum probantur facinore, & poenis non solum duces, & auctores, sed etiam participes destinari, nisi se à communione malorum separaverint , praecipiente per Moysem Domino ac dicente: Separamini à tabernaculis hominum istorum durissimorum, & nolite tangere ab † omnibus, quae sint eis, ne simul pereatis in peccato eorum. Et quod comminatus per Moysem Dominus fuerat, implevit, ut quisque se à Chore, & Dathan, & Abyron non separasset, poenas statim pro impia communione persolueret: sicut

† Schismaticis] orig.

† Novatianus] orig.

† Novatiano sive caeteris eiusmodi schismaticis] orig.

a. ¶Spes nulla est. arg. 24. q. 1. ille. & q. 5. miles. & q. 1. quid culpatur. 8. q. 1. sciendum. arg. 11. q. 3. si quis eps. & c. non semper. & c. si dominus. arg. H. Hic est arg. quod 3. sigilla, quae non statim debent recipi. arg. extra de proba. c. tertio nam literae approbandae sunt. ff. de procu. si procuratorem. ff. quod cuiusque universi. § quod si actor. non tamen tigillum reprobatur, si nomen auctoris non habet, extra de eo, qui mit. in pos. cum sicut. in parte decisa.

b. ¶Per mendacium. Hic erravit Cypria. prout dicit August. & eum corrigit 32. distinct. §. verum. infra de consecrat. distinct. 4. quomodo. Quondam tamen volunt eum hic excusare: quia intellexit hoc de haereticis, qui formam ecclesiae non tenent. vel hoc verbum ubi omnia per mendacium, &c. eum excusat. argum. de consecrat. distinct. 4. solet quaeri. Vel hoc dixit contra haereticos quos semper insequebatur sicut & Pelagius. 24. quaestio. 1. schisma. & fuit ibi excessus veritatis.

c. ¶Censura. ?

d. ¶Separaverint. Hic est arg. quod maritus sciens se uxori in propinquo gradu consanguineum: licet in probando consanguinitate defecerit, debet abstinere ab eius toto etiam iubente episcopo ne abstineat. argu. dist. 50. si quis praepostera. Quid ergo si episcopus eum excommunicat? patienter ferat, ne curet, cum non ligetur apud Deum, ut 11. q. 3. quomodo. & c. quid obest. infra ea. ut evidenter. H.

e. ¶Per Moysem. Historia legitur in libr. Nume. quod Chore, Dathan, & Abyron, & alii cl. uiri de tribu Levi cum eis volentes habere honorem sacerdotii surrexerunt contra Moysen & Aaron, & murmuraverunt; eos spernentes eorum sacrificia, & conficientes propria. Misit autem Moyses & vocavit eos: qui dixerunt, non veniemus, ad quos Moyses: Vos inquit & omnis congregatio vestra state constituti coram Domino & Aaron. Similiter locutus est Dominus: [Separamini ab invicem de cuius perversae, & cum omnis turba recessisset à tento circuitum, & Dathan & Abyron starent in introitu papilionum suorum, aperta est terra sub pedibus eorum, et devoravit eos cum universa familia & substantia eorum à Domino, qui interfecit cclesiae viros tenentes thuribula sua & offerentes incensum: praecepitque Dominus per

(Continuing C. LXX from p. 497.)

Moyses Eleazaro filio Aaron, ut thuribula eorum acciperet, & adureret ea in laminas, & affigeret altari, ut esset in signum filijs Israel, ne quis auderet accedere & ponere incensum Domino, nisi de semine Aaron. Sequens etiam per Ose prophetam spiritus sanctus contestatur, & dicit: Sacrificia eorum tanquam panis luctus: omnes, qui manducant ea, contaminabuntur: docens scilicet, & ostendens omnes omnino cum auctoribus supplicio coniungi, qui fuerint eorum peccato contaminati.

¶Caput hoc collectum est ex varijs locis epistolarum B Cypriani, & concilij ab ipso habiti, interdum immutatis, & in summam redactis qua in margine sunt indicata.

a. ¶Sic etiam per Ose. Ut Oseae 9.

b. ¶Peccato. Id est, consensu peccati eorum. 8. q. 1. §. cum autem. & 23. q. 4. ita plane. &c. si quis à catholica.

¶Censura. In epistola ipsa sic habetur. Frustra contendunt baptizari, & sanctificari illic aliquem salutari baptismo posse, ubi constet baptizantem baptizandi licentiam non habere. Atque ut magis intelligi posset, contra eiusmodi audaciam quae sit censura divina, inveniemus in tali facinore non solum duces & auctores, sed & participes poenis destinari, &c.

Item Augustinus lib sententiarum per Prosperum Aquitanicum episcopum Rhegien collectorum, c. 15.

Extra catholicam Ecclesiam non est locus veri sacrificii.

Item Gregor. in 3. lib. dialog c. 31. ait de Ermigildo rege Leovigildi † filio.

† al. Linigildae

Superveniente paschalis festivitatis die, intempeste noctis silentio ad eum perfidus pater Arianum episcopum misit, ut ex eius manu, sacrilegae consecrationis communionem perciperet , atque per hoc ad patris gratiam redire mereretur. Sed vir Deo deditus Ariano episcopo venienti exprobravit ut debuit, eiusque à se perfidiam dignis increpationibus repulit.

c. ¶Extra catholicam Ecclesiam. Id est, extra formam i. ecclesiae.

d. ¶Veri. Ratione effectus.

¶Superveniente. CASVS. Pater Ermigildi misit ad filium Arrianum episcopum haereticum, ut de sua manu communionem acciperet, quam quia filius accipere noluit, pater eum occidit.

e. ¶Noctis. Quotuor sunt partes noctis: conticinium, intempestum, gallicinium, antelucanum.

f. ¶Perciperet. Quaere in necessitate pueri si sunt ab haeretico baptisinum accipere, & non Eucharistiam, dixi rationem 24. q. ult. si quem.

Item Innocentius ad Alexandrum episcopum, epistola 18. c. 3.

Arrianos praeterea, caeterasque huiusmodi pestes , quia eorum laicos conuersos ad Dominum, sub imagine poenitentiae , ac sancti spiritus sanctificatione per manus impositionem suscipimus; non videtur clericos eorum cum sacerdotij, aut ministerij cuiuspiam suscipi debere dignitate. Quoniam quibus solum baptismum ratum esse permittimus (quod utique in nomine patris, & filij, & spiritus sancti perficitur) nec spiritum sanctum eos habere ex illo baptismate , illisque mysterijs arbitramur .

¶Arianos. CASVS. Hoc c. continuum est dicto capitulo coevo ?. Dicitur n. hic, quod haeretici laici, qui ab haereticis tenentur, per impositionem manuum recipiantur, & reconcilientur quasi publice paenitentes: tamen clerici, qui ab eis revertuntur, non recipiuntur cum clericatus vel sacerdotij dignitate: hoc ideo, quia tantum baptisma ratum est apud ipsos: nec reconciliari possunt nisi tantum sub imagine publicae paenitentiae. Seq. §. scilicet, item legitur, cum seq. patet.

g. ¶Arrianos. Sacerdotes idignos Christi honoribus.

h. ¶Sub imagine poenitentiae. Imaginem poenitentiae appellat publicam reconciliationem, quae fit per manus impositionem.

i. ¶Baptismate. Quo q. si quis contra.

k. ¶Arbitramur. Subaudi: dici. Non enim ?, &c. quia eorum laicos, &c. quasi dicat, cum hoc alias debet esse de clericis: non n. clerici, &c. quia eorum laicos, &c. quasi sit de laicis: merito sic debet esse de clericis: & ideo paret quod sunt digni rici simili forma recipietur: & ideo paret ecclesiasticis honoribus, & continuatur hoc c. cum fine illius. Vel dic quia eorum, id est, quamvis uisquasi dicat, quamvis laicos eorum non tamen clerici ita suscipiendi sunt in honore.

(Continuing C. LXXIII from p. 498.)

Haec ratio non vt sufficiens: sed faciens dicat, auctores eorum, nam tunc sunt, cum illis & istis sunt extra ecclesiam. Vel dic & sufficiens est, quo ad hoc quod non possunt conferre de merito vitae. 40. distinctione multi.

Quoniam cum à catholica fide eorum auctores descisserent, perfectionem spiritus, quam acceperant, amiserunt: nec dare eius plenitudinem possunt, quae maxime in ordinationibus operatur, quam per impietatis suae perfidiam potius, quàm per fidem dixerint, perdiderunt. Propter † quod fieri non potest, ut eorum profanos sacerdotes, dignos Christi honoribus arbitremur; quorum laicos imperfectos , ut dixi, ad sancti spiritus percipiendam gratiam cum poenitentiae imagine recipimus. Item 4 Si, ut legitur. Qui tetigerit immundum, immundus erit; quomodo ei tribuetur, quod munditia, ac puritas consuevit accipere? & infra. ¶Qui particeps effectus est dānati † , quomodo debeat honorem accipere, invenire non possum.

† al. Quomodo fieri potest.

† al. damnato

¶Pestes.] Antea sequebatur, detestamur: quod est sublatum, quia neque in vetustis codicibus, neque in ipsa epistola, neque apud Anselmum, aut in Pannormia habetur.

¶Qui tetigerit. In epistola est, quod tetigerit immundus: sed ob glossam non est mutatum, atque huius etiam lectionis sententia habetur ijsdem indicatis scriptura locis.

Ex eo autem, quod manus impositio iterari praecipitur sacramentum non esse ostenditur.

Vnde Augustinus lib. 3. de baptismo contra Donatistas, cap. 16.

Manus imposito non, sicut baptismus, repeti non potest. Quid enim est aliud, nisi oratio super hominem?

Cum ergo Innocentius solum baptisma haereticis ratum esse permittat, cum Gregorius sacrilegam vocet consecrationem Arrianorum, cum Cyprianus quaecumque ab haereticis fiunt, carnalia, & inania, & falsa indicet, cum Hieronymus omnia, quae ab eis offeruntur, contaminata in conspectu Dei asserat, cum Leo extra ecclesiam nec rata sacerdotia, nec vera sacrificia esse testetur: patet, quod sacramenta ecclesiastica praeter baptisma, ut supra dictum est, ab haereticis ministrari non possunt.

Item obijcitur illud Hieronymi adversus Luciferianos.

Sicut Christus est, qui baptizat, ...

b. ¶Perfectionem. i. sanctitatem, & officij executionem. ADDITIO. Hic vide quod leg. & no. ea. q. qui perfectionem.

c. ¶Vt eorum. Id est, quia eorum, ut sit relativum, causa & ita per hoc praecedens lectio approbata non videtur, id est, ideo non videtur, quia, &c.

d. ¶Imperfectos. Quia non receperunt illud baptisma.

e. ¶Qui tetigerit. Tactu mentis. extra de sen. exco. nuper.

f. ¶Damnati. Id est, damnationis, vel auctoris iam damnati, &c. 1.

i. ¶Praecipitur. Quotiescunque reverteretur ab haeresi sup. ea. hi ques. baptismo, &c. 2.

¶Manus imposito. CASVS. Dicitur hic (Licet obscure) quod manus impositio reconciliatoria atque reiteratur, etsi baptisma reiterari non possit, & est similitudo per contrarium.

k. ¶Manus. Sensus est: manus impositio potest repeti, ut infr. de cons. dist. 4. quomodo baptismus. no. ea. dist. sicut.

l. ¶Impositio. Consecratoria; sed confirmatoria non. Item nec ordinatoria sed curatoria bene iteratur, de qua dicitur: super aegros manus imponent, &c. ut 96. dist. §. sed illud. Reconciliatoria similiter, ut hic, imponitur enim reconciliatoria manus haereticis reversis, ut supra de consecra. dist. 4. quomodo. & excommunicatis ut 9. q. 4. cum aliquis. & poenitentibus, ut 50. distinctione in capite. & in haereticis vel excommunicatis non est sacramentum: & ideo repetitur. In paenitentibus si est publica, est sacramentum: & ideo non iteratur: & convenit tantum episcopis, ut 17. q. 6. ca. 1. & 50. dist. in capite. Si est privata, non est sacramentum, & iteratur: & convenit etiam presbyteris, vt 26. q. 6. c. presbyteri. § vece.

m. ¶Non sicut. Id est, licet.

n. ¶Repeti. Inf. ea. q. quod quidam. contra. Sol. sed ibi manus impositio ?.

Nota quia publica sit sacramentum, privata non sit, ideo illa non iteratur, haec iteratur: sed ob eas casu qua afferuntur causa quamus. de paenitentia, dist. m. 3. Vide & Turrecre. ibi.

(Continuing C. LXXV from p. 499.)

ptizat ; ita Christus est, qui sanctificat. Vnde oro te , ut aut sacrificandi licentiam ei tribuas, cuius baptisma probas; aut reprobes eius baptisma, quem non putas esse sacerdotem . Neque enim potest fieri , ut qui in baptismo sanctus est, sit ad altare peccator.

¶Incertum huius capitis usque ad vers. oro te non est eo loco apud B. Hieronymum. Est tamen apud Algerum, lib. 3. c. 10. apud quem etiam nonnulla verba ex ijs, quae sequuntur eodem modo habentur, atque apud Gratianum, licet apud Beatum Hieronymum aliter legantur.

Sed hoc de peccatore a tantum catholico, non de haeretico intelligendum est. Quidquid enim cum fide catholica pro officio suo facit, licet indignus, tamen divina gratia cooperante ratum esse creditur. Alioquin si de haereticis dictum intelligeretur, ipse sibi contrarius esset, cum dicat ad c. 5. A-mos: Sacrificia eorum sicut Dominus. & alibi in persona Domini.

a. ¶Peccatore. B. Hieronymus ex loco argumentatur, ut solent Dialectici dicere, ad hominem: neque id agit, ut constituat, ac sanciat aliquid; sed tantum ut adversarium modestum reddat. Nam postquam illum eo adduxit, ut si non amplius adversum eum, sed discipulum profiteatur, tunc verissimam, ac rationem exponit: cur ecclesia episcopos recipiat, qui in Ariminensi concilio imprudentes haereticos consenserant.

¶Benedictionem haereticorum Deus maledicit.

Maledicam benedictionibus vestris] hoc est, quidquid à vobis benedicitur, à me erit maledictum.

¶Haec sunt in glossa interlineari ad eum Malachiae locum ex Hieronymo.

11. Hoc ergo intelligendum est de haeretico: illud autem adversus Luciferianos de ecclesiastico peccatore.

De quo Augustinus § ait in libro de corpore Domini.

§ ¶Augustinus.] Caput hoc etiam ab Algero lib. 3. c. 8. citatur ex Augustino in libro de corpore Domini: sed Possidius in indiculo operum B. Augustini nullam huius libri mentionem facit: & ad verbum (excepto ultimo versiculo) hac leguntur in libro Paschasii abbatis de corpore, & sanguine Domini, c. 12. ex quo etiam libro sunt c. iteratur, cum sequentibus infra de consecr. dist. 2.

¶Boni & mali sacerdotes aeque corpus Christi conficiunt.

Intra catholicam ecclesiam in mysterio † corporis & sanguinis Domini nihil à bono maius, nihil à malo minus perficitur sacerdote, quia non in merito consecrantis, sed in verbo perficitur creatoris, & virtute spiritus sancti. & infra. ¶Si enim in merito esset sacerdotis, nequaquam ad Christum pertineret. Nunc autem sicut ipse est, qui baptizat...

† al. ministerio

¶Baptizat. Interim.

b. ¶Vnde oro te. Putabat iste eum qui homicida vel adulter fuerat, mundari in baptismo non ita tamen ut dignus esset sacerdotio. Gratianus tamen hoc intelligit de occulto peccatore. Nam dicebat quidam de tali, & male, quod licet posset baptisma dare non tamen conficere. & hic tales reprehenduntur. & secundum hoc est arg. contra. 50. distin. qui sub gradu. Sed ibi de deposito, cum quo dispensatur ut baptizet: hic de tolerato.

c. ¶Esse sacerdotem. Id est, sacramenta posse conficere.

d. ¶Potest fieri. Ar. quod uno de duobus, quae sunt alicuius concesso, alterum conceditur, ex quo enim aliquid alicui conceditur. eius cohaerens conceditur ut 7. q. 9. 6. hac quippe, & 16. q. 1. si monachus. & q. 4. c. 1. supra 8. dist. quo iure. H. SED HOC. CASVS. Dicit Grat. supradictum capitulum de malo catholico intelligi: & non de haeretico, alioquin idem Hieronymus esset sibi contrarius, ut probatur sequenti cap. & §. sequenti: quae per se patent.

e. ¶Cooperante. Istud cooperante falso est quantum ad dantem vel facientem, non quantum ad recipientem. infra ea. Dominus.

f. ¶Maledicam. Aliam expositionem huius verbi habes infra ea. multi saecularium.

HOC ERGO. Haec est 11. pars huius quaestionis, in qua probat quod malitia sacerdotis non nocet alijs in sacramentis, quamvis sibi noceat: & hoc usque ad §. ex his. Io. de Fa.

¶Intra catholicam. c. sacerdotes leg. uni à malis presbyteris catholicis ad chum. & q. 4. c. 1. supra 8. dist. quo iure. H.

g. ¶Intra. Ab isto loco usque ad c. sacerdotes . loquitur omnia cap. de malis sacerdotibus toleratis ab ecclesia.

(Continuing canon C. LXXVII from p. 500.)

carnem, & transfundit in sanguinem. Credendum est enim, quòd in verbis Christi sacramenta conficiantur. Cuius prius creantur imperio, eius utique verbo recreantur a ad melius.

¶Credendum. Hac eodem modo leguntur apud Algerum. Sed Paschasij verba, c. 15. haec sunt: Cuius ergo potentia creata sunt prius, eius utique uerbo ad melius recreantur: quia nemo creator alicuius rei, aut recreator, nisi unus Deus catholicè praedicatur. Propterea ueniendum est ad uerba Christi, & credendum, quòd in eiusdem uerbis ista conficiantur.

Item August. lib. 2. contra epist. Parmeniani, c. 10.

¶De eodem.

Omnia sacramenta cum obsint indignè tractantibus, prosunt tamen per eos dignè sumentibus: sicut & verbum b Dei. Vnde dictum est c. Quae dicunt facite: quae autem faciunt facere nolite.

Item in Psalmum 103. vers. Qui tegis.

¶De ijs, qui sanctis malè vtuntur.

Prophetauit d & Saul malus rex, cùm Dauid sanctum persequeretur. & infra. ¶Non ergo se iactent, qui forte sine charitate habuerint hoc munus Dei sanctum: sed uideant qualem rationem habituri sunt cum Deo, qui sanctis non sanctè utuntur. Ex his erunt, qui dicturi sunt: In nomine tuo prophetauimus. Non illis dicetur, mentimini: sed dicetur, Non noui e vos, &c.

¶In tractatu 7. in epistolam Ioannis sunt aliqua, quae ad sententiam huius capitis referri possunt, atque inde antea citabatur. Sed ipsa prorsus uerba sunt loco indicato.

Spiritum ergo prophetiae dicendi sunt habuisse, non meritum.

Item Hieronymus in c. 1. Aggaei.

¶Quisque non tam sanctificatur ex hostijs, quàm pro peccato polluitur.

O Propheta f, qui altari tantùm extructo, & domo mea diruta g hostias mihi offers in altari, uictimis eius sanctificari te putas; scito, quoniam sanctum quidem est, quod offertur in altari: sed non tam sanctificaris ex hostijs, quàm ex mortuis operibus pollueris.

Apud B. Hieronymum sic legitur: ò popule, qui altari tantum extructo, & diruta domo mea hostias mihi offers in altari, & uictimis eius, & carnibus te sanctificari putas; scito non tam sanctificari te ex hostijs, quae templo diruto tibi prodesse non

a. ¶Recreantur. Quo ad sustentationem corporis, de consec. dist. 2. non iste panis 1. Scilicet post anima, ut de consec. dist. 2. non iste panis 1.

b. ¶Omnia sacramenta. Et verbum. Id est, praedicatio: quae si fiat ab indigno, alijs prodest: sed sibi nocet. arg. dist. 53. §. quanquam. arg. 15. q. ult. c. ult.

c. ¶Dictum est. Tales instruunt Deum qualiter eos punire debeat. 40. dist. multi.

¶Prophetauit. CASVS. Probatur in hoc cap. quòd malus sacerdos ministrare potest: quia Saul malus erat, & prophetauit. Legitur enim in 1. lib. Regum, quòd cum Saul persequeretur Dauid ipse fugiens uenit in Rama tha ad Samuelem: quod cum annunciatum esset Sauli, misit lictores ut caperent eum: qui cum uidissent coetum prophetarum, & Samuelem stantem super eos: factus est in eis spiritus Domini: & prophetare coeperunt etiam ipsi: quod cum nunciatum esset Sauli, misit alios nuncios: prophetauerunt autem & illi, rursus misit & tertios, & ipsi prophetauerunt: & iratus Saul abijt, & factus est spiritus Domini super ipsum: & prophetauit cum caeteris coram Samuele, & cecinit nudus tota die ac nocte, unde exiuit prouerbium, Saul inter prophetas.

d. ¶Prophetauit. Hic probat quòd malus sacerdos potest conficere: quia Saul malus erat, & prophetauit: immo mali habent omnia dona spiritus sancti praeter charitatem. supra c. multae. Historia autem erit hic pro casu.

e. ¶Non noui. Id est, non approbaui, ita dicunt aliqui scholares, qui non sunt aliquibus in scholis, cùm uident eos in terra sua, dicunt, non noui uos. uel quando sunt diuites, dicunt pauperibus a, non noui uos. uel (quod peius est) nolunt loqui cum eis.

¶O propheta. CASVS. In hoc ca. mali sacerdotes reprehenduntur, qui etsi uerum corpus Christi conficiant in altari, ex hoc non sanctificantur: sed potius ex suis malis operibus polluuntur.

f. ¶O propheta. Ad litteram intelligitur de Babylonica captiuitate. Nam Cyro dante licentiam reuertendi de Babylonica captiuitate, populus Israel aedificauit altare, & deiecerunt fundamentum templi: sed per litteras Cambysae ducis militiae ipsius Cyri prohibitus est in aedificatione procedere usque ad secundum annum Darij: in quo iussus est aedificare templum coeptum ab Aggaeo propheta ad hoc exhortante populum. Loquitur ergo Hier. de tempore in quo immolabant in altari: sed domum Dei, scilicet templum reaedificare negligebant, cum domos proprias reaedificarent: quod in ipso Aggaeo plenius patet.

g. ¶Domo mea diruta. Id est, aedificatione uirtutum, ?

(Continuing canon C. LXXX from p. 501.)

poterunt, quàm contaminari omnia opera tua, & cuncta, quae agis, ex eo quòd negligis, & tuam magis domum, quàm meam extruere conatus es. Sanctum quidem est quod offertur in altari; sed non tam sanctificaris ex hostijs, quàm ex eo, quòd in conuallibus habitas, & inter eas mortuis operibus pollueris. In duobus etiam Gratiani uetustis codicibus legitur, ò popule. Verùm idem Hieronymus contexens ista eadem per anagogen aptat ecclesiastico uiro.

Item Augustinus in lib. de verbis Domini, sermone 11.

¶Impoenitentia finalis ita peccatum est in spiritum sanctum.

Ita sit verbum a contra spiritum sanctum, cum ex dispersione ad congregationem b nunquam c uenitur, quae ad remittenda peccata accepit spiritum sanctum. Ad quam congregationem etiam si per malum clericum, sed tamen catholicum ministrum, reprobum, & fictum aliquis accesserit corde non ficto; in ipso spiritus sanctus operatur remissionem peccatorum; qui in sancta ecclesia ita operatur, ut reprobos fugiat, & tamen d per eorum ministerium probos colligat.

¶Spiritus sanctus. Hoc loco concisè refertur sententia B. Augustini, plenius autem suprà ead. c. spiritus sanctus.

Idem in sermone de remissione peccatorum.

Vt euidenter hoc ostenderet Dominus, à spiritu sancto, quem donauit fidelibus suis, dimitti peccata, non meritis hominum; quodam loco e sic ait resurgens à mortuis: Accipite spiritum sanctum; & continuo f subiecit, Si cui dimiseritis g peccata, dimittuntur ei, hoc est, spiritus h dimittit, non uos. Proinde γ sicut is, quem sacerdos tolerat in ecclesia, est tamen extra ecclesiam, & extra corpus, cuius caput est Christus, si ei ostiarius i non aperuerit δ: ita non ideo extra ecclesiam est, & non est de corpore, si quis pastoris praeiudicio k compellitur foris esse.

¶Proinde. Verba ipsa huius partis non sunt inuenta apud B. Augustinum. Simillima habentur apud Origenem Hom. 14. ad c. 24. Leuitici, referuntur infrà 24. q. 3. c. cum aliquis. Si quis non recto.

¶Aperuerit. In nonnullis uetustis codicibus legitur; aperuit. in alijs, aperiat. ab utroque autem abest negatio.

Item Ambrosius de ijs, qui initiantur mysterijs, c. 5.

Cum scri-

¶Cum scriptura. CASVS. Quis dubitat spiritum sanctum adesse sacramentis sacerdotum: cum in ueteri testamento ad preces tam bonorum, quàm malorum legatur ignis descendisse de coelo; quorum utrumque probatur per historiam Hieroboam, qui fuit malus &c.

¶Ad finem uir diruitur enim remotis uirtutibus anima. 15. q. 4. l. 1. & 11. q. 3. si episcopus forte, supra ea. q. remissionem, & infra 11. q. 3. quid obest. H.

¶Ita sit verbum. CASVS. Dicitur quòd tunc peccat haereticus in spiritum sanctum, cùm de schismate ad unitatem & congregationem ecclesiae redire contemnit: in qua ecclesia spiritus sanctus per catholicum & fictum & reprobum operatur remissionem peccatorum: & mali per talem colliguntur.

a. ¶Ita sit verbum. Id est blasphemia. J. de poe. dist. 1. §. potest. & dist. 4. §. siue. H.

b. ¶Congregatione. Id est, unitatem ecclesiae.

c. ¶Nunquam. Ita peccatum est in spiritum sanctum tantùm est finalis impoenitentia: de qua dicit Au. de poen. dist. 7. c. 1. & si. & notaui 25. dist. qualis.

d. ¶Et tu. Hoc dicit: quia ab isto possum accipere etiam sine necessitate. re. ead. spiritus sanctus.

¶Vt euidenter. CASVS. Ostenditur in hoc c. quòd non homo, sed spiritus sanctus peccata remittit: & hoc probatur autoritate Domini dicentis; Si cui dimiseritis peccata, &c. & ideo euenit & ille, quem sacerdos tolerat, sit extra ecclesiam, si ei Christus non aperit: & iniustè excommunicatus sit intus. Arch.

e. ¶Quodam loco. Ita & aduocatus potest allegare, ut dicit quaedam lex 45. dist. cum beatus. ADDITIO. Ad idem ca. multae. 45. dist. §. hinc etiam. & 32. q. 7. quaedam. Arch.

f. ¶Et continuo. Arg. uerborum ordinem spectandum esse, ut 7. dist. arg. exemplo. & uerborum aliquid perpendi. infrà 24. q. 1. alienus.

g. ¶Dimiseritis. Benè dixit, dimiseritis: non cui putaueritis. Vt de poe. dist. 1. quem poenitet. arg. infra 1. q. 3. illud. & c. 30. distin. si nemo contemnat. infra ea. q. dictum est. j. de consec. dist. 4. nemo. H.

h. ¶Hoc est spiritus. Christus. idem est, J. ca. q. ordinationes.

i. ¶Ostiarius. Id est, Christus. idem est ostium, ut J. ca. q. ordinationes.

k. ¶Praeiudicium. Id est prauum iudicium. Praeiudicio. id est, prauo iudicio. J. 24. d. 3. si quis.

(Continuing canon C. LXXXIII from p. 502.)

ptura a tibi testetur, quòd ad Hieroboam c preces, ignis descendit de coelo, & rursus precante Helia ignis est missus, qui sacrificia consumeret; datur intelligi b, quòd Deus non merita personarum considerat, sed officia sacerdotum. & paulo post. Ignis illis uisibilis mittebatur, ut crederent; nobis inuisibilis operatur, qui credimus & paucis interiectis. Crede ergo adesse Dominum Iesum inuocatum precibus sacerdotum, qui ait: Vbi fuerint duo, vel tres, ibi & ego sum.

¶Datur intelligi. In originali non sunt haec uerba. Sed cum antecedentia pendeant ex superioribus, hic noua incipit periodus, Non merita personarum considera, sed officia sacerdotum. nonnullae autem aliae uarietates, & quidem non minimi ponderis in margine sunt indicatae.

Item Gregorius.

Multi d saecularium hominum, cum plus sacerdotum uitam, quam suam discutiunt, in magnae contemptionis diuinorum sacramentorum crimen incurrunt. Magna enim trabe uulneratos habentes oculos, eamque negligentes, festucam tenuem in aliorum conspiciunt oculis: quam dum incautè festinant euellere, erroris in foueam delabuntur: minus e quidem considerantes, quòd non eos sacerdotum uita laederet, si ipsi humiliter bonis sacerdotum admonitionibus aurem accommodarent. Sed dum hypocritarum more plus illorum famam, quàm propriam uitam, uel uitae negligentias dijudicant, spernunt f sancta monita, & spiritualia dona. Vnde fit, ut non solum ab eis dicta respuant, sed (quod est deterius) diuina etiam mysteria contemnant, ut nec corporis communionem, aut sanguinis Domini nostri Iesu Christi eorum ministerio confectam assumant; putantes hanc minus g esse sanctificatam, si illorum fiat officio, quorum uita eorum oculis uidetur ignobilis. Heu in quam magnum laqueum incidunt, ut diuina, & occulta mysteria plus ab alijs sanctificata polse fieri credant; cum unus idemque spiritus sanctus in ecclesia diffusa per totum orbem terrarum incomprehensibiliter h ea mysteria, & occultè atque inuisibiliter, & operando sancti-

¶Spiritus sanctus olim in sacramentis. CASVS. Hoc c. diuiditur in quatuor partes. In prima parte Gregorius redarguit quosdam, & peccata propria negligentes, uitam sacerdotum reprehendunt, & eorum sacramenta contemnunt. In secunda parte ostendit unde dicatur mysterium, & unde sacrificium, & unde sacramentum, & unde Eucharistia. In tertia parte dicit, ad preces mysticas malorum sacerdotum uita Christi sacramenta celebratur. in quarta parte exponit uerbum Oseae prophetae, scilicet, Maledicam (inquit) benedictionibus uestris. Secunda pars incipit ibi, Mysterium. Tertia ibi, Siue ergo. Quarta ibi, Maledicam inquit, &c.

d. ¶Multi. Hoc c. 4. sen. dist. 13. v. intelligenter, de malis totaliter loquitur de omnibus sacramentis. In prima parte reprehenduntur, quidam laici, qui uitam sacerdotum reprehendendo, diuina sacramenta ab eis collata contemnebant: gerentes trabem in oculis suis, & festucam uolentes remouere de oculis aliorum. In secunda parte dicitur, quòd quantumcunque ut sacerdos malus, sacramenta tamen eius uera sunt: nec magis sanctificantur à bono. In 3. ostendit quid sit mysterium, & quid sit sacrificium. Vltimo ponuntur uerba Oseae prophetae.

e. ¶Laederet. Arg. alterius crimen non nocere innocenti. ead. q. 4. c. 1. §. eo. q. fertur. contra. H.

f. ¶Spernunt. Ex his conuincitur Missa malorum sacerdotum audiri possit, & si prohibitum sit in casu, ut inf. 15. q. ult. c. ult. inf. 9. q. 3. c. ult. & 19. dist. c. si. contra Hug. Vel in 1. di. 32. nullus. dist. 81. qui presbyteri. Sed illud de publico uel de damnato. sed hic de tolerato. H.

g. ¶Minus. Id est, non &c.

h. ¶Incomprehensibiliter. Non enim à nobis comprehendi potest qualiter transubstantiatio sub specie panis & uini corpus Christi & sanguis fiat. ADDITIO. Vt de confe. dist. 2. panis. & intellige quòd incomprehensibile.

¶Hieroboam, qui fuit malus secundum quosdam. alias Hieroba al, & Heliae prophetae, qui bonus fuit.

a. ¶Cum scriptura. Hic intendit Ambrosius probare spiritus sanctus tempore hoc operatur inuisibiliter in sacramentis ecclesiae: quod ex eo probat, quia olim uisibiliter ibi operabatur: sed hoc non faceret ad propositum Gra. Io.

¶Hierobaal. orig. Ambr. ¶Hierobaal. quasi sacrum Baal. quasi quod sit sacrum Baal destruens. Hieron in lecto sacrum dicitur. sic enim dictus est Gedeon. Iud. 6. inde Hierobaal, quasi sacrum Baal destruens uel Hieronfortis. quasi fortis contra Baal. Archid.

b. ¶Tester, &c. Quasi diceret, ei nullus dubitare hic debet, mendaciter apposuit Gratia. sicut dat intelligi usque ibi, ignis, nec reddit rationem Ambrosius quare olim uisibiliter, nunc uerò inuisibiliter operetur spiritus sanctus: nec fit ibi malorum mentio sacerdotum; ut in c. interposuit: sed duntaxat bonorum, puta Heliae, Hieroboam, & aliorum sanctorum: quos ibi Ambrosius nominat: unde ad praesentem materiam nihil operatur. Io. dicit Gratia.

c. ¶Hieroboam. Qui fuit malus secundum intellectum Gratiani alias Herobaal, quasi sacra Baal destruens. Hieron in sacrum dicitur. sic enim dictus est Gedeon. Iud. 6. Hierobaal. orig. Ambr. siue aram Baal. quasi sacrificium consecrauit oti. 3. Reg. 18. Hierobaal, sacra Baal destruens. uel Hieronfortis. quasi si fortui contra Baal. Archid.

(Continuing canon C. LXXXIIII from p. 503.)

ficet, & benedicendo, & benedicat. Mysterium ita- α que a fratres, ob hoc dicitur, quod secretam, & reconditam habeat dispensationem b: sacrificium autem, quasi sacrum factum: quia prece mystica c consecratur pro nobis in memoriam Dominicae passionis. & infra. Sacramentum vero est in aliqua celebratione, cum res gesta ita fit, ut aliquid significare intelligatur, quod sanctè accipiendum est. ¶. Sunt autem sacramenta, baptisma, chrisma, corpus & sanguis Christi: quae ob id sacramenta dicuntur, quia sub tegumento corporalium rerum uirtus diuina secretius salutem eorundem sacramentorum operatur. Vnde & à secretis uirtutibus, uel sacris, sacramenta dicuntur. Quae ideo fructuosè penes ecclesiam fiunt, quia sanctus in ea manens spiritus eorundem sacramentorum latenter operatur effectum. Cuius panis & calicis sacramentum Graecè eucharistia dicitur, Latinè bona gratia interpretatur. Et quid melius corpore d & sanguine Christi? Vnde siue per bonos, siue per malos ministros intra Dei ecclesiam dispensetur; sacramentum tamen est: quia spiritus sanctus mysticè illud uiuificat, qui quondam Apostolico in tempore uisibilibus apparebat operibus. Nec in bonorum meritis dispensatorum amplificatur, nec malorum attenuatur e: quia neque qui plantat, est aliquid, neque qui rigat; sed qui incrementum dat Deus. Hoc de corpore, & sanguine Domini nostri Iesu Christi, hoc etiam de baptismate, & chrismate sentiendum est, & tenendum: quia uirtus diuina secretius operatur in eis, & diuina solummodo haec est uirtus, siue potestas, non humanae efficaciae:

Hactenus Isidorus.

Polluimus β itaque panem, id est corpus Christi, quando indigni accedimus ad altare, & sordidi mundum sanguinem bibimus. & infra. Hieronymus in c. 1. Malachiae.

Maledicam γ, inquit, benedictionibus uestris, hoc est ijs quae nunc meis benedictionibus possidetis, seu quidquid à uobis benedicitur, maledicam: vel quoniam δ non benedicunt sanctis ex uero corde: vel quia qui inique agunt, benedicuntur ab eis, adulanturque peccatoribus, dummodo diuites sunt.

Idem in c. 2.

¶Caput hoc collectum est partim ex sententijs B. Gregorij partim ex uerbis ipsis B. Isidori atque Hieronymi.

¶Mysterium itaque. Haec usque ad uers. hoc de corpore. sunt apud Isidorum, non tamen eodem prorsus ordine.

¶Polluimus. Sumptum est ex B. Hieronymo in commentarijs ad c. primum Malachiae in illis uerbis; & dicitis, in quo polluimus, &c.

¶Maledicam. Apud eundem ad c. 2. sic habetur. & maledicam, inquit, benedictionibus uestris, hoc est, quae nunc meis benedictionibus possidetis: seu quidquid à uobis benedicitur, à me maledictum erit; & maledicam illis, subaudi, benedictionibus uestris: quoniam noluistis intelligere, quae dicuntur: hoc est enim quod dicitur: non posuistis super cor.

¶Quoniam. Sumptum ex eodem loco paulo inferius: ubi haec leguntur: vel certè, quia ad sacerdotes propriè mandatum est, uertuntur benedictiones eorum in maledictionem; quando non benedicunt sanctis ex uero cordis affectu, sicut Isaac Iacob, & Iacob patriarchis, & Moyses duodecim tribubus: sed per dulces sermones, & benedictiones decipiunt corda innocentium; & qui inique agunt, benedicuntur ab eis; adulanturque peccatoribus, dummodo diuites sint, atque eorum uitijs blandiuntur.

a. ¶Itaque. Et quia occultè & inuisibiliter. tal. Sanctificando.

b. ¶Dispensatione. Id est uirtutem & gratiam à Deo dispensatam & collatam.

c. ¶Quia prece. Sacrificia ueteris testamenti non faciebant quod figurabant. arg. de consec. distinct. 2. sacrificium. & quod dicit, prece mystica confecretur. hoc referas ad speciem sacri secundum H. quia nec corpus Christi consecratur, quia & prius erat corpus sacratissimum: nec panis, quia ibi desinit esse statim.

d. ¶Quid melius corpore. Certe anima Christi, unde hoc dictum intelligas duntaxat amplificationis gratia. simile infra. 32. quaestio. 6. nihil. & q. 7. quid in omnibus. Vel dic hoc maius inter sacramenta ecclesiastica quò ad sanctitatem & reuerentiam ut infra. de consecrat. distinct. 2. nihil. & ca. Corpus Christi excedit alia sacramenta quò ad reuerentiam. qui manducat. & 25. distinct. ecce. Vel plures eiusdem generis, scilicet inter corporalia. Vel intellige de corpore, quod est Christus. argumen. infra. ead. quaest. interrogo. contra. Sed ibi expone uerbum, id est, filium. Et sic non est contra. de poe. di. 1. uerbum.

e. ¶Attenuatur. Sed contra 5. 81. dist. hi qui sunt presbyteri.

f. ¶Vel quia. Ita duo uel, respiciunt tantum proximum membrum, cuius duae inueniuntur expositiones per sequentia. Signi-

(Continuing canon C. LXXXVII from p. 504, here resuming the central canon series with c. LXXXV.)

ferri, nec confici: & hoc per quandam suam quaestionem nitebatur probare. Diuiditur ergo capitulum istud in 5. partes. In prima parte Augu. reprehendit eum de sua stulta quaestione. in secunda parte ostendit apud malos sacerdotes uera esse sacramenta, & si non sint ueri sacerdotes: cum quaeratur utrum sit uerum sacramentum, & non utrum sit uerus sacerdos: & hoc probat &c.

Item Fabianus Papa episcopis orientalibus, epist. 2.

¶Non sacerdotum uitam, sed quae docent, & ministrant considerare debemus.

Significastis insuper plerosque attendere, multis in ipsis honoribus ecclesiasticis non congruenter a uiuere sermonibus, & sacramentis, quae per eos populis ministrantur. O miseros homines, qui hos intuendo, Christum obliuiscuntur: qui multo antè praedixit, ut legi Dei potius obtemperetur, quàm imitandi uideantur illi, qui ea, quae dicunt, non faciunt: & traditorem suum tolerans usque in finem, etiam ad euangelizandum cum caeteris misit. Nam Apostoli talem consuetudinem non habuerunt, nec habendam docuerunt b.

Item Nicolaus Papa Michaeli Imperatori, in epist. quae incipit, Proposueram.

¶De eodem.

Non quales sacerdotes Domini sint, sed quid de Domino loquantur, est uobis magnopere praeuidendum: nec in uicarijs B. Petri Apostoli uobis est attendendum, qui sint: sed quid pro correctione ecclesiarum, quid pro salute uestra satagant. Nec enim c illos inferiores dicetis scribis, & pharisaeis sedentibus super cathedram Moysi; de quibus Dominus praecepit dicens: Quaecunque dixerint uobis, obseruate & facite; secundum opera uero eorum nolite facere. Ergo Imperator considera, si illos dixit audiendos, qui super cathedra Moysi sedebant; quanto potius his, qui super cathedram Petri resident, esse existimetis obaudiendum?

Item Augustinus contra litteras Petiliani, lib. 2. c. 22.

¶Sacerdotum immunditia, sacramenta non polluit.

Dominus declarauit d in uno coetu e hominum eadem sacramenta sumentium, aliquorum immunditiam mundis obesse non posse. & infra. Petilianus f dixit, Aut si quisquam carmina sacerdotis memoriter teneat, nunquid inde sacerdos est, quòd ore sacrilego carmen publicat

¶Significastis. CASVS. Hic probat malos sacerdotes tolerandos duplici exemplo Christi: tum quia Pharisaeos & Scribas docuit esse audiendos: sed non in malis operibus imitandos: tum quia misit Iudam traditorem suum ad euangelizandum cum alijs discipulis, & eum usque in finem tolerauit: nec Apostoli etiam sacramenta talium despiciebant.

a. ¶Non congruenter. Ideo uitabant eorum sacra.

b. ¶Docuerunt. Ergo nec nos praesumere, uel inuenire debemus, ut supra dist. 37. qui de mensa, infra 2. q. 5. consuluisti. infra 31. q. 1. q. si, supra dist. 55. si euangelica, supra dist. 45. cap. episcopum. 7. q. 1. c. 1.

¶Non quales. CASVS. Quidam contemnebant sacramenta malorum sacerdotum, sed probat Nicolaus hoc non esse faciendum: quia si mali sacerdotes sedentes super cathedram Moysi sunt audiendi, multo potius regentes cathedram Petri sunt audiendi.

c. ¶Nec enim illos. Nota modum arguendi de malis ad bonos. de consec. dist. 1. c. 1. J. 11. q. 1. sacerdotibus, supra dist. 21. submittitur 1.

¶Hinc eliciunt quidam Petrum esse maiorem Moysè. Argu. &c.

¶Dominus declarauit. CASVS. Petilianus dicebat per prauum sacerdotem uera sacramenta non con-

d. ¶Dominus declarauit. In parabolis de zizania seranda à tritico. 11. q. 3. nolite. & de hoedis, ut 23. q. 6. c. 1. Vel declarauit sustinendo Iudam. 2. q. 1. j. unus ex uobis. ¶Zizania an a tritico seperanda sit. uel Ecclesia, ubi sunt boni & mali. 32. q. 4. recurrat. ADDITIO. De consec. dist. 4. est unitas ecclesiae. Archi.

e. ¶Coetu. Id est, collectione Apostolorum.

f. ¶Petilianus dixit. Obijciendo. dicebat enim malum sacerdotem non posse conficere: quia non est uerus sacerdos; sicut nec laicus potest.

¶Errores Petiliani. Nota quod Augusti. in hoc cap. improbat duas opiniones Petiliani: qui Petilianus dicebat, immunditiam malorum mundis obesse: dicebat etiam, quod mali sacerdotes non conferebant uel conficiebant uera sacramenta. Dicit ergo in prima parte, quod immunditia malorum bonis & mundis non obest. In secunda ponit quandam obiectionem Petiliani, quae non tangit propositum, & eam soluit. In tertia ostendit quod sacramenta si in forma ecclesiae conferantur à quocunque uera sunt: & hoc ostendit triplici exemplo Caiphae, Apostoli, & Dauid. In quarta ostendit quod quales sunt qui sacramenta accipiunt, talia sunt eis ipsa sacramenta. In quinta infert duplicem conclusionem duplicem opinionem Petiliani, gratias agens Deo, quod acquieuit Petilianus suis rationibus. Ioan.

¶Errore Petiliani prauum sacerdotem ignores Dei ?

(Continuing from p. 505.)

...stinus respondit. Ita istud dicis quasi modo quaeramus, quis sit verus sacerdos, et non quid sit verum baptisma. Vt enim sit quisque verus sacerdos, oportet, ut non solo sacramento b, sed iustitia quoque induatur; sicut scriptum est: Sacerdotes tui induantur iustitia. Qui autem solo sacramento sacerdos est, sicut fuit pontifex Caiphas persecutor unius et verissimi sacerdotis; quamvis ipse non sit verax; quod dat tamen verum est, si non det suum c, sed Dei. Item d paulo inferius.

¶Dixit quidam ex ipsis propheta, Cretenses semper mendaces, malae bestiae, ventres pigri; testimonium hoc verum est.] Si ergo e Apostolus nescio cuius alienigenae testimonium, quia verum comperit, etiam ipse attestatus est; cur nos apud quemlibet invenerimus, quod Christi est, et verum est, etiam si ille, apud quem invenitur, perversus, et fallax est; non discernimus vitium, quod homo habet f, et veritatem, quam non suam, sed Dei habet? et dicimus, sacramentum hoc verum est, sicut ille ait, testimonium hoc verum est? Nunquid ideo dicimus, etiam ipse homo verax est, quia dicimus sacramentum hoc verum est? Et paulo post.

¶Vos autem necesse est, ut semper erretis, quamdiu propter hominum vitia, Dei sacramenta violanda esse creditis h, aut nos propter Dei sacramenta quae in nobis violare nolumus, etiam vestri schismatis sacrilegium i assumere putatis. Item.

¶Baptismi ergo puritas a puritate, vel immunditia conscientiae, sive dantis, sive accipientis omnino distincta est. Item.

¶Memento ergo sacramentis Dei nihil obesse mores malorum hominum, quo illa vel omnino non sint, vel minus sancta sint. Item.

¶Quaero, si non habebat Saul k sacramenti sanctitatem, quid in eo David venerabatur? si autem habebat innocentiam, quare innocentem persequebatur? Nam eum propter sacrosanctam unctionem et honoravit vivum, et vindicavit occisum. Et quia vel panniculum l ex eius veste praescidit, percusso corde trepidavit. Ecce Saul non habebat innocentiam; et tamen habebat sanctitatem, non vitae suae α (nam hoc sine innocentia nemo potest) sed sacramenti Dei, quod et in malis hominibus sanctum est. Item.

¶Nos dicimus tale cuique sacrificium fieri, qualis accedit, ut offerat, et qualis accedit, ut sumat: et eos de sacrificiis talium manducare; qui ad illa tales accedunt quales et illi sunt. Itaque si offerat Deo malus, et accipiat inde bonus; talis cuique esse, qualis quisque fuerit; quia et illud scriptum est: Omnia munda mundis m. Per hanc sententiam veridicam, et catholicam etiam vos. Optati n non estis polluti p, si facta eius displicebant

a. ¶Baptisma. Quasi hoc quaerimus, et non illud, et ideo non valet obiectio, etc.

b. ¶Sacramento. Ordine et officio, sine iustitia. argu. contra. 40. distinct. sicut viri. Sed ibi agitur de essentia sacerdotis; hic de qualitate.

c. ¶Si non det suum. i. si non sua, sed Dei; in forma, scilicet ecclesiae.

d. ¶Item. Verba sunt Epimenidis illius Thebani sacerdotis, qui malus fuit; et Apostolus sumit eadem verba in testimonium in epistola ad Titum 1.

e. ¶Si ergo. Et verum est supple: et ideo approbemus.

f. ¶Habet. Arg. pro testimonio alicuius, qui non est bonus, ut credatur testimonio in quo verum dicit, etsi in aliis mentiatur. supra dist. 37. turbat. et cap. si quid, sed contra 3. q. 6. pura.

g. ¶Verum. Quasi dicat, non: et ita non quicunque verum dicit, verax est. 22. q. 2. homines.

h. ¶Violatis. Id est, violanda esse creditis.

i. ¶Sacrilegium. Quasi comprobare schisma ? vestrum videamur, ex eo quod sacramenta vestra non reprobamus.

k. ¶Si non habebat Saul. Quem dominus elegerat et fecerat Regem .i. fieri iusserat, ut infra 8. q. 1. audacter.

l. ¶Panniculum. Qui praecidit clamydem vestimenti sui, ut 2. q. 7. c. plerumque obijcitur. §. de his, et §. item opponitur.

m. ¶Omnia munda mundis. Iuxta illud: Qui manibus sordes; operum prius abluet sordes. Intus te munda, quia mundis omnia munda.

n. ¶Optati. Proprium nomen est, et erat malus catholicus, vel haereticus, scilicet occultus.

o. ¶Sacrificio. Hic patet quod praecisus conficit, ut infra c. non nocet. et c. dictum. et de consecr. distinct. 4. non in vobis. praeterea quae esset ratio quare damnatus a Deo posset conficere quamdiu toleratur ab ecclesia, sed damnatus ab homine non? Dicas ergo quod haereticus excommunicatus depositus potest hoc sacramentum et reliqua sacramenta ministrare, per capitula quae dixi. Quidam tamen contrarium dicunt 2. per id quod est 24. quaest.

p. ¶Polluti. Arg. non imputari socio peccatum alterius si ei displiceat, dummodo eum admoneat ut resipiscat.

ADDITIO. Intellige omnia ista ultimo allegata quo ad effectum sacramenti, vel quando non servant formam ecclesiae secundum Ray. qui de hoc satis no. in summa de haeret. §. item nunquid, etc.

(Continuing from p. 506.)

vobis. Nam utique panis illius, panis luctus erat, sub cuius iniquitatibus Africa tota lugebat: sed panibus vobis communem esse, omnium vestrum malum schismatis facit. Item.

¶Gratias Deo, quia tandem posse valere invocatum nomen Christi a ?, etiam si a peccatoribus invocetur. Hinc ergo intellige, cum Christi nomen invocatur, non obesse aliorum saluti aliena peccata.

a. ¶Vitae suae. Sequebatur, sed unctionis ? omnibus vetustis Gratiani exemplaribus, licet in B. Augustini impressis legantur.

Idem in psalmum 10. in vers. Iustus autem quid fecit?

¶Etiam per malum ministrum dona Dei perveniunt ad eos, qui cum fide accipiunt.

CHristus quid fecit a vobis, qui traditorem suum tanta patientia pertulit, ut ei primam b Eucharistiam consecratam, sicut ceteris c suo commendatam, et ore ? suis, et ore ? suo commendatam, sicut ceteris Apostolis, traderet? Quid vobis fecit Christus, qui eundem traditorem suum, quem diabolum nominavit e, qui ante traditionem Domini, nec loculis f Dominicis fraudem potuit exhibere, cum ceteris discipulis ad praedicandum regnum caelorum misit; ut demonstraret dona Dei pervenire ad eos, qui cum fide accipiunt, etiam si talis sit, per quem accipiunt, qualis Iudas fuit?

Item Gregorius.

¶Sacramentis, episcopi malitia non nocet.

NOn nocet malitia episcopi neque ad baptismum infantis, neque ad ecclesiae g consecrationem h: quia baptisma a Deo datur, non ab homine venit; sic et Eucharistia, et omnia, quaecunque in altari ponuntur, non ab homine, sed a Deo sanctificationem accipiunt.

Sed obijcitur illud Hieronymi in Sophoniam, c. 3.

¶Non verba, sed merita sacerdotum Eucharistiam faciunt.

SAcerdotes, qui Eucharistiae serviunt, et sanguinem Domini populis eius dividunt, impie agunt in lege Christi, putantes Eucharistiam, imprecantis k facere verba, non vitam l; et necessariam esse tantum solennem orationem, et non sacerdotum merita, de quibus dicitur: Et sacerdos, in quo fuerit macula m, non accedet offerre oblationes Domino.

a. ¶Christus quid fecit. Qui signa patientiae ostendit nobis.

b. ¶Primam. Id est, primo confectam Eucharistiam dedit. Nam una sola est, et ideo non est prima vel ultima. Vel sic, primam, id est, unicam, et non plures.

c. ¶Ore. Cum dixit, hoc est corpus meum. inf. de consecr. dist. 2. accipite.

d. ¶Ceteris. Supra 23. q. 4. tu bonus. et c. quam magnum. inf. de cons. dist. 2. cum omne. contra. Solutio: sed ibi de buccella panis, quam soli Iudae tradidit potest dici; hic de corpore Christi, quod primo tradidit sibi, postea omnibus dedit.

e. ¶Nominavit. Ubi, nescio, sed credo, quod ibi, qui intingit mecum manum, etc. argum. in instit. de exhered. lib. Si quis filium ? sed faemininum ?.

f. ¶Loculis. Arg. contra infideles servientes ?, quod sint sicut diaboli. de poeni. dist. 1. §. hoc idem ?.

¶Non nocet. ¶Ad ecclesiae. Infra de consecr. distinct. 2. ecclesijs. contra. sed illud quando forma servata non est.

h. ¶Consecrationem. Dummodo tamen cesset omnis ? vel aliqua turpitudo ? perpensior alioquin execrata potius quam consecrata dici debet. ut J. ea. q. 4. ecclesia. sed hoc in odium consecrantis, nam revera consecrata est.

SED OBIICITVR. CASVS. Nunc obijcitur Gratiano contra praedicta, et ita alternatim modo ex una parte, modo ex alia allegando procedit in hac quaestione, et solutiones inferendo.

i. ¶Sed obijcitur. Respicit §. si ergo. supra proxime positum. Nam inducit ista sex c. quaedam directe; quaedam à sensu contrario ad probandum quod malus sacerdos non possit conficere sacramenta, sed ibi respondet in seq. §. cum vita.

¶Sacerdotes. CASVS. Dicitur in hoc c. quod non tantum verba, sed etiam merita sacerdotum concurrere debent, quia scriptum est, Nec maculam habens ad sacrificandum accedat. Sequentia tria capitula plana sunt, in quibus dicitur quod mundi debent esse sacerdotes qui pro aliis intercedunt, quia facilius exaudiuntur.

k. ¶Imprecantis. Id est, invocantis per preces. H.

l. ¶Non vitam. Quantum ad rem sacrificii, scilicet, ut dignius conficiant; alias vita non exigitur ut conficiant.

ADDITIO. Sub. sed ut proficiant offerenti. inf. ea. cum vita. Archidiaconus.

m. ¶Macula. Mortalis peccati; arg. de consecr. dist. 2. quotidie. Vel venialis, et tunc est consilium. arg. dist. 6. testamentum.

(Continuing C. XC from p. 507.)

Et sacerdos, in quo fuerit macula m, non accedet offerre oblationes Domino. H. tamen haec auctoritas intelligitur de macula corporali, ut 49. dist. hinc etiam; et ita sophistice inducitur §. non accedat. dum enim aestuaverit in pectore precantis ignis alienus qui exurit, et non sanat, non potest digne accedere ad altare. de poen. dist. 3. c. inter haec hircum. Vnde notatur hic quod quilibet sacerdos pro macula mortalis peccati suspensus est, quoad se; quoad accipientes vero non, nisi ut notatur 32. dist. §. verum. &c. nullus.

Item Alexander, epist. 2.

¶Tanto facilius sacerdotes exauduntur, quanto apud Deum sunt digniores.

IPsi sacerdotes pro populo interpellant, et peccata populi a delent, atque consumunt: qui quanto digniores fuerint, tanto facilius pro necessitatibus, pro quibus clamant, exaudiuntur.

Item Gelasius Elpidio episcopo.

¶Non adest sacramentis spiritus sanctus, quae per criminosos ministrantur.

SAcrosancta b religio, quae catholicam continet disciplinam, tantam sibi reverentiam vendicat, ut ad eam quilibet, nisi pura conscientia, non audeat pervenire. Nam quomodo ad divini mysterii consecrationem c caelestis spiritus invocatus ? adveniet, si sacerdos, et qui eum adesse deprecatur, criminosis ? plenus actionibus reprobetur?

Item Gregorius in regesto, lib. 1. epist. 24.

¶Manus immunda, tecta inquinat, non mundat.

NEcesse est, ut esse munda studeat manus, quae diluere sordes curat: ne tacta quaeque deterius inquinet, si sordis lutum tenet ?: scriptum namque est: Mundamini, qui fertis vasa c Domini. Domini etenim vasa famulorum animas ad interiora ? perducendas, in conversationis suae exemplo suscipiunt.

Item Augustinus lib. 50. homiliarum, homil. 26.

¶Aeque servandum est verbum Christi, et corpus Christi.

INterrogo vos fratres, vel sorores: dicite mihi, quid vobis plus esse videtur, verbum Dei, an corpus Christi? Si verum vultis respondere; hoc utique dicere debetis, quod non sit minus verbum Dei, quam corpus Christi. Et ideo, quanta solicitudine observamus, quando nobis corpus Christi ministratur, ut nihil ex ipso de nostris manibus in terram cadat: tanta solicitudine ? observemus, ne verbum Dei, quod nobis erogatur, dum aliud aut cogitamus, aut loquimur, de corde nostro pereat: quia non minus reus erit, qui verbum g Dei negligenter audierit; quàm ille, qui corpus Christi in terram cadere h negligentia sua permiserit.

Idem lib. 4. de Trinitate, c. 14.

¶Interrogo. CASVS. Dicitur hic quod aequali diligentia audiendum est verbum Christi, ne de corde labatur, sicut

¶Sacerdos quilibet, pro mortali peccato suspensus est quo ad se.

a. ¶Ipsi sacerdotes. Sacerdotes comedunt peccata populi. Sic 1. q. 1. quia.

a. ¶Ipsi sacerdotes. ¶Comedunt. Id est, oblata pro peccatis. 1. vel dicuntur comedere peccata populi, quia delent, et sic comedunt peccata populi ordinationibus suis. vel forte quia exemplo bonae operationis, et verbo praedicationis corrigunt homines, et ita quantum in se est delent. 36. dist. §. ut sane ?. Item. Vt s. e. q. ut evidenter. Vel Deus delet peccatum, id est, peccati reatum: 2. sacerdos poenam infligendam pro peccato orationibus minuit: 3. vel quod peccatum delere dicitur 13. q. 2. animae. H. Vel illi dicuntur comedere peccata populi, qui de suis possunt sustentari, et tamen percipiunt de ecclesiasticis ?.

b. ¶Sacrosancta. Id est, religiosa sacramentorum reverentia. vel id est, Eucharistia, vel quodlibet aliud sacramentum. inf. ea. ventum.

c. ¶Consecrationem. Quia divinum ministerium fecit, non ministri administratio, ut inf. de consecr. distinct. ?.

¶Verbum. Id est, quod verbo significatur, vel per verbum concipitur.

h. ¶Cadere. De consecr. dist. 2. qui bene.

(Continuing from p. 508.)

¶Neque. CASVS. Dicitur hic, quod ad hoc ut rite et recte sacrificium offeratur, debet ab honesto ministrari, et a iusto recipi: et hoc dicit littera. Pro quibus offertur, supple digne.

a. ¶Neque. Nota, quod tria dicuntur hic: scilicet quod sacramenta...

¶De eodem.

NEque a potest id rite b offerri, nisi per sacerdotem iustum et sanctum; nec nisi ab eis accipiatur, pro quibus offertur c; atque id sine vitio d sit, ut pro vitiosis e mundandis f possit offerri. Hoc certe omnes cupiunt, qui pro se offerri sacrificium Deo volunt.

Cum vita b sacerdotum Eucharistia officitur ?, non consecrationi, sed effectus ? intelligitur. Non enim effectum salutis confert ei, quem magnum ? potius complectur in eo illud Apostoli: Qui manducat corpus Domini, et eius sanguinem bibit indigne, iudicium sibi manducat et bibit. Ergo contra eos, qui crebra oblatione sacrificii se putant posse mundari non cessantes impie agere in legem Dei, intelligitur illud Hieronymi. Quod vero sacerdos, etiam si malus sit, tamen pro offerentibus ? gratiam transfundat hominibus, testatur Augustinus in libro quaestionum veteris Testamenti, c. 11.

¶Sacerdotes nomen Domini invocant, Dominus autem benedictionem praestat.

DIctum est h à Deo in Numeris ad Moysem, et Aaron sacerdotes: Vos ponite i nomen meum super filios Israel: ego Dominus benedicam eos, ut gratiam traditionis per ministerium ordinantis transfundat hominibus: nec voluntas sacerdotis obesse, aut prodesse k possit, sed meritum benedictionem poscentis. ¶Quanta autem sit dignitas ordinis sacerdotalis, hinc advertamus. Dictum est enim de nequissimo Caipha interfectore Salvatoris, inter cetera: Hoc autem à semetipso non dixit, sed cum esset princeps sacerdotum anni illius, prophetavit. Per id quod ostenditur spiritum gratiarum non personam sequi aut dignam, aut indigni, sed ordinationem traditionis; ut quamvis aliquis boni meriti sit, non tamen possit benedicere, nisi fuerit ordinatus, ut officium ministerii exhibeat. Dei autem est, effectum tribuere benedictionis.

Quod vero l per haereticos sacramenta dignitatis ministrata dicuntur carere effectu, improbatur auctoritate Anastasii Papae, qui ordinationem Acacii, quamvis haeretici...

¶Neque. Nota, quod tria dicuntur hic: scilicet quod sacramenta Domini non rite vel recte conferuntur, nisi a dignis conferantur, et a dignis sumantur, et in forma ecclesiae. Primum notatur ibi: Nisi per sacerdotem. Secundum ibi, Nec nisi. Tertium ibi, Adque id, &c. Quidam dividunt c. in duas partes. In prima fit mentio de sacrificio, quod ab eo accipitur pro quo offertur, et hoc usque ad illum locum Atque id.. In secunda fit mentio de sacramento, quod non accipitur ab eo, pro quo offertur: et dic, sine vitio, id est, sine peccato.

b. ¶Rite. Quo ad offerentem et accipientem.

c. ¶Pro quibus offertur. Supple, nec potest rite offerri nisi ab eis.

d. ¶Sine vitio. Id est, non sit citra formam ecclesiae, in ipsa forma ecclesiae.

e. ¶Vt pro vitiosis. Expone ut recte possit offerri pro vitiosis, id est, venialia ? habentibus. Sed intellige generaliter, colligitur, quod licet voluntas sacerdotis non sit ut prosit: prodest tamen, infra de cons. dist. 4. non illud te. Sed quid si cantet Missam, ut Deus perdat aliquos? conficiet revera, sed debet puniri. arg. 26. quaes. 5. quicunque.

f. ¶Mundandis. Id est, venialis peccati maculam habentibus.

CVM VITA. CASVS. Iste §. respicit illud capit. sacerdotes, ubi dicitur, quod bona vita sacerdotis necessaria est ad conficiendum corpus Christi. Modo soluit et dicit, quod intelligendum est hoc non de consecratione, quia in veritate conficit etiam malus sacerdos, sed de effectu consecrationis, quia nihil prodest si sumatur ab indigno, et quod malus sacerdos conferat gratiam digne sumentibus, sequenti capitulo probatur.

g. ¶Cum vita. Respicit hoc capitulum sacerdotes. et bene soluit, et ad confirmandam suam solutionem inducit cap. sequens.

DICTVM EST. CASVS. Hic primo probatur per verba Domini, et exemplo Caiphae, quod apud malos sacerdotes vera sunt sacramenta, et quod ex officio suo gratiam hominibus transfundunt. Secundo, quod tanta est vis sacerdotii dignitatis, quod sine eo etiam apud bonos non est auctoritas benedicendi.

h. ¶Dictum est. Probat Augustinus quod benedicere non tantum meritum, sed etiam ordinem requirit. In prima ergo parte ponit auctoritatem Domini, vsq; ibi, Quanta. In secunda probat intentionem suam et auctoritate, et exemplo Caiphae.

i. ¶Vos ponite. Id est, invocate 2.

k. ¶Prodesse. ...

QVOD VERO. CASVS. Dictum est sup. in §. si ergo sacramenta, quod sacramenta dignitatis ab haereticis collata non habent effectum. contra quod allegat Gratianus auctoritatem Anastasii, quam frivolam esse ostendit auctoritate Gelasii, et Felicis, qui cum Hormisda excommunicaverunt Acacium antequam excommunicassent Anastasium. Sed H. exponit ante quam Anastasium, id est, ante quam Anastasius esset Papa: quia Acacius mortuus fuit ante Anastasium, et Anastasius successit illi. Et ita cum successerit Gelasio, non fuit excommunicatus ab eo, nec à praecedentibus.

l. ¶Quod vero. Dictum est sup. in §. si ergo, quod sacramenta...

(Continuing from p. 509.)

menta dignitatis ab haereticis collata effectum non habent: contra quod allegat auctoritatem Anastasii, quam ostendit frivolam esse auctoritate Gelasii & Foelicis.

a. ¶In tractatu. Per hoc probatur, quod Gratianus non divisit per distinctiones hoc opus. argum. 11. q. 3. §. evidenter.

ITEM OBIICITVR. CASVS. Dictum est supra in ea. Arrianos, et sup. in §. cum ergo Innocentius, quod solum baptisma ? verum est apud haereticos, contra quod obijcitur modo in hoc capitulo.

b. ¶Item obijcitur. Ei scilicet quod dictum est sup. ead. §. cum ergo Innocentius. &c. Arrianos.

Item obijcitur b illud Augustini lib. 2. contra epist. Parmeniani, c. 13. iteratam approbat, ut etiam eis, quos post damnationem suam baptizavit, vel ordinavit cuisse asserat. Sed hoc eum à illicite, & non canonice, immo contra decreta suorum praedecessorum fecisse probant Foelix, & Gelasius, qui Acacium ante Anastasium excommunicaverunt, et Hormisda, qui ab ipso Anastasio tertius eundem Acacium damnavit. Vnde etiam ab ecclesia Romana repudiatur, et à Deo fuisse percussus legitur in gestis Romanorum Pontificum hoc modo: Anastasius secundus &c. Requirere retro in tractatu a decretalium epistolarum.

¶Qui recedit ab ecclesia, nec baptisma, nec ius dandi amittit.

QVod quidam c dicunt, Baptisma, quod accepit, non amittit, qui recedit ab ecclesia; sed ius tamen dandi d amittit e, multis modis apparet frustra, et inaniter dici. ¶Primo, quia nulla ostenditur causa, cur illud baptismum amittere f non potest, ius dandi g non potest. Vtrumque enim sacramentum est, et qua ratione peritur unum, et reliquum, cum utrumque h homini i datur; illud, cum baptizatur; istud, cum ordinatur; ideoque in catholica ecclesia utrumque non licet iterari. ¶Nam si quando ex ipsa parte k venientes etiam praepositi schismatis errore suscepti sunt; etsi visum est opus esse, ut eadem officia gererent, quae gerebant; non sunt rursus ordinandi †, sed sicut baptismus in eis, ita ordinatio mansit integra; quia in praecisione fuerat vitium (quod est correctum †) non in sacramentis l, quae ubicunque sunt m, ipsa vera sunt. Et cum expedire hoc videatur ecclesiae, ut praepositi eorum venientes ad catholicam societatem, honores ibi suos non administrent;

†al. correpto †al. ordinati †al. vnitatis pace

c. ¶Quod quidam. CASVS. Opinio est quorundam, quod sacerdos, vel episcopus recedens de ecclesia ad haereticos, sacramentum baptismi non amittit: sed sacramentum ordinis amittit. Istud improbat Augustinus multipliciter. Primo sic: quia cum utrumque sit sacramentum, non potest assignari ratio, quare potius perdatur unum quam aliud. Secundo sic: quia consuetudo ecclesiae est, quod cum tales redeunt, non solent reordinari, si eos ecclesia vult tolerare. Tertio dicit, quod sicut recedens ab ecclesia utrumque retinet, sic videtur, quod utrumque potest conferre alijs extra ecclesiam, licet male conferat, et cum quis recipit sacramentum extra ecclesiam, si revertitur ad ecclesiam, non est sacramentum iterandum in eo. Et hoc probat.

d. ¶Dandi. Scilicet ordinem.

e. ¶Amittit. Characterem enim non potest amittere, licet videatur aliter dici 11. q. 3. episcopus.

f. ¶Amittere. Nam vbi eadem ratio, et idem ius. ff. ad leg. Aquil. illud. An tamen hoc sit verum, notatur 28. q. 1. sic enim. 32. q. 7. Apostolus. sup. ea. q. §. cum ergo.

g. ¶Ius dandi. Scilicet ordinem. de consec. distinct. 4. ostenditur. Vel potestatem conferendi baptisma. infr. 32. q. 7. licite.

h. ¶Vtrumque. Scilicet baptismus et ordo.

i. ¶Homini. Hoc de baptismo sacerdotis, in quo potestas baptizandi est sacramentum: in laico est quaedam licentia ?, non sacramentum 2. argu. quod scientia haeretici ? valeat, et ligatio et solutio, cum ius ligandi, iudicandi, atque solvendi à tempore consecrationis acceperit. s. dist. 48. 3. ca. 1.

k. ¶Parte. Collectio enim haereticorum rectissime pars appellatur, à partiendo, id est, dividendo.

l. ¶Non in sacramentis. Fuit vitium scilicet.

m. ¶Sunt. Quia à quocumque dentur, iterari non debent.

(Continuing the preceding canon, from p. 510.)

bent, et ideo ipsa sunt, id est, firma et vera sunt, et bona. Non eis tamen ipsa ordinationis sacramenta detrahuntur, sed manent super eos. Ideoque non eis in populo manus a imponitur, ne non homini, sed ipsi sacramento fiat iniuria. Et infra. §. Sicut autem habent in baptismo, quod per eos dari possit; sic in ordinatione ius dandi b: utrumque quidem ad perniciem suam, quam diu charitatem non habent vnitatis: sed tamen aliud c est, prorsus non habere; aliud perniciose habere; aliud d salubriter habere. Quidquid non habetur, dandum est, cum opus est dari: quod vero perniciose habetur, per correctionem depulsa pernicie, agendum est, ut salubriter habeatur. Quanquam, et si laicus aliqua †pereuntis dederit necessitate d compulsus, quod cum ipse acciperet, dandum esse addidicit; nescio e, an pie quisquam dixerit esse repetendum. Nulla enim cogente necessitate si fiat, alieni muneris vsurpatio est. Si autem necessitas vrgeat, aut nullum, aut veniale delictum est f. Sed, etsi nulla necessitate vsurpetur, et a quolibet cuilibet detur; quod datum fuerit, non potest dici non datum: quamuis recte dici possit et illicite datum. Illicitam ergo vsurpationem corrigit reminiscentis, et poenitentis affectus. Quod si non correxerit, manebit ad poenam vsurpatoris quod datum est, vel eius, qui illicite dedit, vel eius, qui illicite accepit: non tamen pro non dato habebitur g. Neque vllo modo per deuotum militem, quod a priuatis vsurpatum est, signum regale violabitur. Si enim aliqui furtim, et extraordinarie non in monetis h publicis aurum, vel argentum percutiendo signauerint, cum fuerit deprehensum, nunne illis punitis i, aut indulgentia liberatis cognitum regale signum thesauris regalibus cogetur inferri? Et paulo post. §. Si forte illum militiae characterem in corpore suo non militans pauidus exhorruerit k, et ad clementiam Imperatoris confugerit, ac prece fusa, et impetrata iam venia militare coeperit; nunquid homine liberato, atque correcto, character ille repetitur? ac non potius agnitus approbat? An forte minus haerent sacramenta Christiana, quam corporalis haec nota; cum videamus nec apostatas carere baptismate, quibus vtique per poenitentiam redeuntibus non restituitur, et ideo admitti non posse iudicatur? Et paulo post. §. De ijs l, qui ab ecclesiae vnitate separati sunt, nulla iam quaestio est, quin et habeant, et dare possint, et quin perniciose habeant, pernicioseque tradant extra vinculum pacis. Et infra. Neutri sacramento iniuria facienda est. Infra. §. Sicut non recte habent, qui ab vnitate discedunt, sed tamen habent, et ideo redeunti non redditur; sic etiam non recte dat, qui ab vnitate discedit: sed tamen dat: et ideo, quod ab eo accepit venienti ad vnitatem non iteratur. Et infra. §. Sicut redeunti non redditur, quod et foris habebat; sic venienti repetendum non est, quod etiam foris accepit. Vnde consequenter intelligitur peruersitatem hominum esse corri-

†al. alicui pereunti

a. ¶Manus. Supra ca. q. c. manus impositio. contra. Sed hic de consecratoria.

b. ¶Dandi. Id est, consecrandi, vel dandi ipsam ordinationem.

c. ¶Aliud. Argu. contra illud generale quod est extra de translatio. inter corporalia. et 7. q. 1. factus. ff. si quis; contra. cau. quoties. arg. 63. dist. Salonitanae. 45. dist. de Iudaeis. 7. q. 1. episcopis.

d. ¶Necessitate. Hic aperte colligitur, quod laici non habent ius baptizandi: nisi large dicatur ius vel potestas, id est permissio, vt j. de consec. dist. 4. constat. et c. à quodam. et 30. q. 1. ad limina.

e. ¶Nescio. Id est, non approbo, si quis dixerit repetendum.

f. ¶Veniale delictum est. Hic philosophicum temperamentum est, nam in veritate nullum est. Et est simile. 22. q. 2. in quibus.

g. ¶Habebitur. Arg. contra extra de iurepatro. quod autem. in fine.

h. ¶In monetis. Id est, signis, vel sigillis, nummismatibus, vel instrumentis monetam cudendi.

i. ¶Punitis. Isti varijs poenis puniuntur. C. de fal. mo. p totum. parcitur tamen illi, qui formauit, si ante quam signum imprimat, poenitet. ff. ad leg. Corn. de fa. qui falsam, etc.

k. ¶Exhorruerit. Qui forte fugit de bello publico: et ita infamis effectus est 1. 6. q. 1. infames. et hoc intelligitur de militibus illis, qui iurauerunt se morte non euitaturos, pro republica. Et isti habebant stigma, vel alia signa de aliquo colore, de quibus dictum est. Milites nostros arma scire volumus non leges. C. de iure deli. sancimus. Vel sensus est huius litterae, quod si aliquis ? auctoritate principis adeptus est militiae cingulum, et post reconciliatur ipsi principi, erit ne in eo iterandus character? quasi dicat, non. ADDITIO. Et in istam lecturam dic, exhorruerit, scilicet quia à principe non acceperat. Et no. hic militibus characterem imprimi. Io. de Fant.

l. ¶De ijs. Repetit, quae iam dicta sunt, dubitatur hic fore §. sed non est dubitandum: quia non est,

(Continuing the preceding canon, from p. 511.)

gendam; sanctitatem autem sacramentorum in nullo peruerso esse violandam. Constat enim eam in peruersis et sceleratis hominibus, siue in eis, qui intus sunt, siue in eis, qui foris sunt, impollutam, atque inuiolabilem permanere; et quia dicuntur ea mali polluere, quantum in ipsis est, dicuntur; cum illa impolluta permaneant: sed in bonis permanent ad praemium; in malis permanent ad iudicium. Et infra. §. Quomodo catholici non clarificant Deum, qui promissa eius nullis hominum sceleribus, quo minus implerétur impediri posse confidunt? qui sacraméta eius tam debita veneratione prosequebatur, vt ea, si etiam ab indignis tractata fuerint, illis sua persuasione damnatis, illa intemerata sanctitate permanere demonstrentur?

α. ¶Quod accepit. Sic etiam Algerus, licet paulo aliter habeat originale.

β. ¶Neque vllo modo. Hae §, vsque ad verbum, violabitur, addita sunt originali ex quo etiam alijs locis caput hoc locupletatum est.

γ. ¶Vel argentum. In codicibus B. Augustini impressis sequitur, sed aes, in duobus autem manuscriptis Vaticanis, vel as.

  1. Ex his a verbis Augustini constat, in omnibus tam apostatis, quàm haereticis, vel damnatis permanere sacramenta vera, quantum ad se, et sancta: quia, vel indulgentia subuentum fuerit, ad damnationem vsurpatoris peruenient, vel habentis, vel dantis, vel accipientis. Quid ergo prodest, quòd vera, et sancta sunt, cum vsurpatores suos aeque perimant b, ac si essent mala, et noxia? Crassus c aurum sitiit, et aurum bibit aeque vero auro, sicut vero veneno. ¶Item aurum d aeque verum est in arca furis, sicut in thesauris regis. Sed à fure, quia illicite habetur, illicite datur, vel accipitur; à rege autem licite habetur, licite datur, et accipitur: ideo ipse fur, et communicator furti (nisi forte de conscientia furti se purgauerit) vt perhibet f Gelasius ad Anastasium Imperatorem, vterque iuste, et dignè damnabitur. ¶Opponi-

Ex his. CASVS. Infert Gratianus ex supradicto capitulo, quod vera sacramenta sunt apud haereticos quantum in se, sed ad damnationem sunt dantium, accipientium, vel habentium, nisi redeant, sicut verum aurum fuit Crasso nociuum.

a. ¶Ex his. Infert ex praecedenti c. quod sacraméta vera sunt apud haereticos indistincte, vsque ad §. opponitur, et ibi obijcit. Augustinus prout ipse intelligit Augustinum dicere vsque ad §. sed ne. ibi ponit vnam solutionem vsque ad §. quamuis. ibi ponit aliam bonam et catholicam, ad quam probandam inducit quatuor exempla, quae notabo in littera.

b. ¶Perimant. Illa, id est, eorum abusio, vt ab illo loco dicit Io. de Fant. quia verba sunt August. vsque ad §. opponitur, Hug. contra: immo Gratiani, vt in notula hic apparet. infr. eod.

c. ¶Crassus. Iste dictator fuit contemporaneus Iulio Caesari, et Pompeio: et à Parthis auro feruenti interfectus est.

ITEM AVRVM. CASVS. Dic hic, quod aurum est aurum in arca furis, et in arca Regis, sed à fure illicite datur, et ideo fur et communicator nocentiam suam allegauerit. Et eod. loco, ex his vsque ad cap. per Esaiam, sicut dicit H.

d. ¶Aurum. Cuius operetitur, tenetur. ff. de com. fur. proinde. Est autem differentia inter furem, et coicatorem; quia communicator manifestus esse non potest. ff. de fur. is qui opem.

e. ¶Furti. Videtur ergo et tenetur quis se purgare de conscientia. arg. insti. de obli. q. ex delic. §. sed hac actio. nes. C. de fur. ciuile. arg. 1. q. 4. quia praesulatus. contra, ibi concor. Et ita est arg. quod quis potest et tenetur indicare furem. arg. ext. de fur. quicumque positis. arg. contra. si. de cod, ob tur. caus. ide. et si ob stuprum §. ult. et ff. de praescri. uer. l. solet. Nam in utraque, dicitur, quod licite possum accipere a pecuniam à Domino, vt seruum indicem fugitiuum. Io. Sol. in casu isto videtur posse dici, quod secundum canones non est licitum.

f. ¶Vt perhibet. Hic apparet potius haec esse verba Gratiani, quàm August.

OPPONITVR. CASVS. Opponit hic Gratia. 5. supradicta, scilicet quod haeretici non possunt conferre ordines, etsi baptizare possint. Nam sacerdos etiam depositus etsi baptizare possit, conficere tamen non potest: nec eis qui depositus potest ordines conferre, etsi possit baptizare. Sed huic oppositioni opponit duplicem solutionem. Prima est, quia incipit ibi, Sed ne. quòd qui extremâ manus impositione recipiuntur in ecclesia, eius potentia retinent, et recedentes ab ecclesia, ad similitudinem characteris matrimonij, quod post diuortium, vel non retinet, secus si extra ecclesiâ. Ponit et aliâ solutioné Grat. q. incipit ibi, Quamuis. vbi dicit, quod sacra haereticorum vera sunt, dummodo forma ecclesiae sint celebrata, sed nò habet effectum male ministratibus, et male suscipiétibus. Quòd probat per quatuor rationum. Primo per uerâ Eucharistiâ traditâ proditori. Secundo per uera patriâ habuit effectum: quia ibi fidé non fuerunt. Tertio per duplicé transfigurationé Christi, quaru una credulis non profuit. Quartum, quia ita virginitaté habuerunt fatuae virgines vt prudentes. Demum concludit, quod uera sunt haereticorum sacra. in ?

(Continuing the Gratian dictum from p. 512.)

tur a autem huic sententiae b Augustini, potestas dandi baptismum, et ius consecrandi Dominicum corpus, et largiendi sacros ordines, plurimum inter se differunt. Suspenso enim vel deposito sacerdote, nulla ei relinquitur potestas sacrificandi. Sacramentum tamen baptismi non solum à sacerdote deposito, vel laico catholico, verum ab etiam ab haeretico; vel pagano c si ministratum fuerit, nulla reiteratione violabitur: nulla autem ratio sinit, vt inter sacerdotes habeantur, qui de manibus laici, vel pagani oleum sacra (immo execranda) vnctionis assumunt. Non ergo consequenter d colligitur, vt si recedentibus à fide ius baptismi linquitur, potestas e etiam distribuendi sacros ordines relinquatur, quamuis vtrumque à consecratione proueniat. Digradatus enim episcopus potestatem f largiendi g sacros ordines non habet, facultatem tamen baptizandi non amisit h. ¶Sed a ne i Augustinum in hac sententia penitus reprobemus; intelligamus aliud esse potestatem distribuendi ordines sacros; aliud esse executionem illius potestatis. Qui enim intra vnitatem k catholicae ecclesiae constituti, sacerdotalem, vel episcopalem vnctionem accipiunt, officium, et executionem sui officij ex consecratione adipiscuntur. Recedentes vero ab integritate fidei, potestatem ac ceptam sacramento tenus l retinent, effectu suae potestatis penitus priuantur: sicut coniugati ab innicem discedentes, coniugium semel initum non dissoluunt m; ab opere tamen coniugali inueniuntur alieni. ¶De his ergo, qui accepta sacerdotali potestate ab vnitate catholicae ecclesiae recedunt, loquitur Augustinus: non de illis, qui in schismate vel haeresi positi sacerdotalem vnctionem accipiunt. Alioquin esset contrarius Chalcedonensi n concilio: in quo ordinati à simoniacis, in nullo proficere iudicantur, et Innocentio o, qui ordinatos à caeteris haereticis, per praua manus impositionem solam damnationem, et capitis vulnus assecutos testatur. ¶Quamuis p possit generaliter dici sacramenta, quae apud haereticos non aliter, quàm in ecclesia Dei celebrantur, vera, et rata esse, quantum ad se: falsa vero, et inania quantum ad effectum, et in ijs, à quibus male trabantur, et in illis, à quibus male suscipiuntur. Nec mirum. Ipsa enim salus nostra buccelam Iudae dedit: statim cum buccela non bonus, sed malignus spiritus intrauit: quare? non quia bonus non daret bonum, sed quia malus male accepit bonum: sicque bonum, effectum bonum non habuit, quia, vbi illud faceret, non inuenit. ¶Item Dominus in patria sua praesens, et verus assuit: non per malum ministrum, sed per seipsum nihil potuit; quia fidem non inue-

suam, quae protenditur vsque ad §. Quamuis. etc. ibi autem ponit aliam, quae magis communis est, ad quàm probandam inducit quadruplex exemplum, primum ibi, Ipsa enim. secundum ibi, Item Dominus in patria, etc. Tertium ibi, Quod vt plane. Quartum de decem virginibus, quod incipit ibi, Sic et omnes, etc. Vltimo concludit ab illo loco: Sciendum vero. etc. ad probandam conclusionem suam inducit. ca. per Esaiâ.

a. ¶Opponitur. Hoc modo procedit in hoc §. primo ponit obiectionem suam contra August. quam tangit vsque ad §. Sed ne. Ibi ponit quandam solutionem suam,

b. ¶Sententiae. Cap. praecedentis, vbi dicit, quòd vtriuque quaedam consecratione datur, et ita videtur purificare ordinem et baptismum.

c. ¶Pagano. Supra eadem quaestio. si quis per ignorantiam. supr. eod. §. ecce quando. infra de consecrat. distinct. 4. quos à paganis. infra de conse. distinctio 4. à quodam.

d. ¶Consequenter. Noli hic reprehendere magistrum, nam opponendo dicit hoc, vt patet ex solutionibus sequentibus, maxime ex secunda.

e. ¶Potestas. Id est, executio potestatis. et sic verum dicit. alias mentitur. nam potestas sacrificandi, id est, ordo sacerdotalis in eo remanet.

f. ¶Potestatem. Non bene argumentatur: quia si vocet potestatem sacerdotium ordinem vel sacramentum, nec hic, nec ibi amisit potestaté: sed si executionem, et hic et ibi amisit.

g. ¶Largiédi. Sed cum haereticus prius possit conferre tam baptisma, quàm ordinem, quae specialitas erit in baptismo? Dico quod in casu necessitatis non peccat baptizans, quod nunquam est in collatione ordinum.

h. ¶Non amisit. In necessitate, et cum solemnitatibus. 50. distinctio. qui sub gradu.

i. ¶Sed ne. Hoc dicit Gratianus ac si Aug. intellexisset, ius dandi habent, id est, executionem. et ita soluit.

K. ¶Vnitatem. Hic tangit Gratian. opin. Ioan. de Fant. dicentis, quod qui recipit vltimam manus impositionem in ecclesia, etc. haec opinio videtur expresse confirmari, extra de schitma. c. 1. sed expresse reprobatur. q. quaestio. 1. ordinationes.

l. ¶Sacramento tenus. Id est quia si ordinant, conferunt ordines, licet non debeant. et hoc est quod sequitur, sine effectu, etc.

m. ¶Dissoluunt. 32. q. 7. c. 2.

n. ¶Chalcedonensi. Supra ead. q. c. si quis episcopus.

o. ¶Et Innocentio. Supr. ea. ueniunt.

p. ¶Quamuis. Sol. vera est, quam et 5. tetigit, et quae recitatur j. 11. q. 1. in princ. et 5. ea. §. si ergo.

(Continuing the Gratian dictum from p. 513.)

nit, pro perfidia aliorum non caruit sua veritate, sed effectus boni virtute. ¶Quod, vt plane in omnibus sacramentis ostenderet, bis a est transfiguratus, cum in vna transfiguratione, sicut sol b apparuit, vt fides credentium augeretur ad contemplandam caelestem gloriam super se eleuatam. In altera, vt peregrinus, et incognoscibilis de se dubitantibus ire longius se finxe?retur, oculos eorum tenuit: ad quid aliud? nisi, vt quia per fidem non erat in cordibus eorum, longius se ab eis recedere ostenderet, et quia ipsum non credebant esse, quod erat, viderent et eum alium d, quàm erat? Ecce in vtraque visio ne, sua erat praesentia, et veritas: sed in vna exercebatur fides, vt magis crederent, quàm credebant: in altera tenebatur incredulitas, ne etiam agnoscerent, quod videbant. Sacramentum ergo corporis et sanguinis sui ali?tem, alijs ad iudicium. Fides etiam quamuis sine operibus mortua est. Sic et omnes decem virgines aequaliter erant virgines: sed ex his quinque quinque prudentes. Aequa erat virginitatis eiusdem virginitatis intentione non omnibus identitas. Sic etiam est as sonans e, aut cymbalum martyrium, vel eleemosyna, quam nescit charitas f. Si vero caecus caeco g lucernae ministret veritatem; neuter tamen ideo magis suam illuminat caecitatem: Sic et malus ministrat malo vera sacramenta; sed non ideo dona spiritualia: quia malis eorum meritis spiritus sanctus impeditur, ne in eis h, quod suum est operetur. Vnde Innocentius i, cum haereticorum baptisma concedat esse ratum: non tamen ex illo baptismate concedit haberi spiritum sanctum, qui formam baptismatis acceperunt, non sint sancta, et verè cum illicite dantis. sed iubet spiritum sanctum, quem ab haereticis nemo accipit, per eius inuocationem, et manus impositionem à catholicis sacerdotibus consequi. Sciendum vero est, quòd sacramenta haereticorum dicuntur irrita, vel etiam damnanda, falsa, et inania, non quantum ad se, cum sint sancta, et vera etiam ab haereticis celebrata: sed quia, cum illicite dantibus perfidis sint ad iudicium, illicite ab eis accipientibus non conferunt spiritum sanctum. Irrita et non vera dicuntur, quia quod promittunt, et conferre creditur, non tribuunt: et ideo damnanda, vt ea dari, vel recipi ab haereticis non ap probetur, sed interdicatur. Non enim quantum ad se polluta sunt: quamuis ab haereticis pollui dicantur. Vnde Gregorius communionem Arrij vocat execrationem, et Innocentius vocat Bonosi ordinationem, damnationem: non quòd ita in se sint, sed quia male dantibus vel accipientibus i deficiunt. Sic etiam Hieronymus in Osea sea sacrificia k eorum panem luctus vocat, non quantum ad se, sed quantum ad effectum: quod ipsemet ostendit, subiungens: Quicumque comederit ex eo, contaminabitur, quia sibi ad iudicium sumet.

Hinc etiam Augustinus lib. 2. contra epist. cap. 5.

α. Sed ne Augustinum.] Hic Gratianus ita videtur loqui de B. Augustino, quasi ipsius haec in re sit dubia, aut incerta sententia:

a. ¶Bis. Quârtum, ad primam, vel quantum ad secundam, prout videbatur duobus discipulis in castellum Emaus euntibus. Sed quare dicit in carne, cum etiam modo sit in carne? sed dic quidâ in carne, scilicet tali, sed male. nam in carne mortali secundum carne mortali semel tantum transfiguratus est; post passionem vero et semel. et ideo non potest dici cum esset in carne, id est, inter carnales, vbi carnem assumpsit. Vel potest intelligi in carne. s. mortali, et sic fiet ibi punctus, bis transfiguratus est, cum esset in carne mortali. id est, in transfiguratione monte Thabori, post resurrectionem in specie peregrini apparens. ?

Christus bis in carne transfiguratus est.

b. ¶Sol. Scilicet Christus. et hoc est primum exemplum.

c. ¶Apparuit mirabilis. Coram Iacobo, Petro, et Ioanne in monte Thabor.

d. ¶Alium. Id est, alterius modi.

e. ¶Sonans. Quia se ipsum constringit alij sonum praestans.

f. ¶Charitas. 7. q. vide.

g. ¶Caeco. Si Caecus caeco conetur ducere secum: In foueam ductor primum cadet, in de secutor.

Caecus caeco ducatu praestare non debet.

h. ¶Ne in eis. In quando in haeresi, vel quod ad effectum: nisi in causa necessitatis, vel ignoranter. s. ea. perueniente.

i. ¶Innocentius. s. ea. q. qui perfectionem. j. ea. q. 7. c. 5. §. item. noc. et c. quod pro remedio.

K. ¶Sacrificia. Vt dicitur. supra c. q. §. sed illi. et c. Dominus. versic. nos dicimus. et c. si quis in ?.

l. ¶Non quantum. dist. 49. sacerdotes. j. ea. q. 3. saluator.

cum tamen nemo ipso melius, ac fusius in libro contra Dona?rem hanc exposuerit, omninoque, cum Chalcedonensi concilio, et Innocentio concordet.

Per Esaiam Dominus dicit:

Facinorosus, qui sacrificat mihi vitulum a, quasi qui canem occidat: et qui coquit al. b similaginem, quasi sanguinem porcinum, qui offert thus in memoriam, quasi blasphemus. paucis interiectis. ¶Quilibet vbilibet offert sacrificium tali † corde, vel factis, hoc † vt c mereatur audire d; perniciem sibi infert, non illis bonis e, qui accipiunt ab eis sacramenta eadem, qui secundum prophetam Ezechielem gemunt, et moerent peccata, quae fiunt in medio eorum, quamuis non se inde corporaliter separent. Et infra. ¶Sacrificia impiorum eis ipsis oberunt, qui offerunt impiè. Nam vnum atque idem sacrificium, propter nomen Domini, quod inuocatur, et sempectum est, et tale cuique fit, quali corde ad accipiendum accesserit. Qui enim manducat, et bibit indignè, iudicium sibi manducat, et bibit. non ait, alijs f; sed, sibi. Et infra. ¶Hoc penè in omnibus talibus quaestionibus intelligendum admonemus, scilicet quia omnia sacramenta cum obsint indignè tractantibus, prosunt tamen eos dignè sumentibus. Et infra. ¶Spiritus sanctus ecclesiae praeposito, vel ministro sic inest, vt si fictus est, operetur per eum spiritus sanctus, et ad eius mercedem g in salutem sempiternam, et eorum regenerationem h, vel aedificationem i: qui per eum siue consecrantur, siue euangelizantur. Si autem fictus est, quoniam verissimè scriptum est: Spiritus enim sanctus disciplinae effugiet fictum, deest quidem saluti eius, vt auferat se a cogitationibus, quae sunt sine intellectu: ministerium tamen eius non deserit k, quo per eum salutem operatur aliorum.

α. ¶Et qui coquit.] Apud B. Augustinum legitur, et qui ?ginem, quasi sanguinem porcinum, et qui offert thus, benedicat idolo, et sic etiam Iuo: nisi quòd habet, et qui similaginem, sicut etiam B. Augustinus contra litteras Petilianus lib. 2. ca. 52. Lectioni Graecae vulgatae optimè respondet Versio B. Hieronymi secundum LXX. Iniquus autem, qui immolat vitulum, quasi percutiens virum; sacrificans de grege quasi qui occidat canem: qui offert similam, quasi qui sanguinem suillum: qui dat thus in memoriale, quasi blasphemus. Vulgata autem Latina ex Hieronymo secundum Hebraeum exemplar sic habet: Qui immolat bouem, quasi qui interficiat hominem; qui mactat pecus, quasi qui excerebret canem; qui offert oblationem, quasi qui sanguinem suillum offerat; qui recordatur thuris, quasi qui benedicat idolum †.

Constat ergo, vt Innocentius ait, de caeteris haereticis

¶Per Esaiam. Hoc ca. diuiditur in tres partes. In prima parte ponuntur verba prophetae. In secunda dicit Aug. quòd vbicumque malus offert sacrificium, sibi perniciem irrogat, sed non illis, qui dignè assumunt. In tertia parte dicit, quod spiritus sanctus disciplinae effugit fictum,

¶Et qui coquit. CASVS. Primo ponuntur verba prophetae. Secundo, dicit Aug. quod vbicunque malus Deo offert sacrificium, sibi perniciem irrogat, non operatur per eum remissionem peccatorum. Secunda pars icipit ibi, Quilibet. Tertia ibi, Spiritus sanctus. CASVS. Primo ponuntur verba prophetae. Secundo, dicit Aug. quod vbicunque malus Deo offert sacrificium, fibi perniciem irrogat, non dignè sumenti. Tertio dicitur, quod spiritus sanctus disciplinae solicet dator effugiet fictum. nam per eum non operatur remissionem peccatorum: sed per officium operatur, et de malis toleratis intelligit quod hic dicitur.

a. ¶Vitulum. Talis est, et ita agit, quasi etc.

b. ¶Coquit. Alias colit. id est in cultu quasi colendo in sacrificio offert. Et est similago flos farinae, de quo fiebat panis propositionis.

c. ¶Hoc vt. Quod dicit propheta.

d. ¶Audire. Scilicet sibi dictum esse.

e. ¶Non illis bonis. Accipientibus ab eis sacramenta.

f. ¶Non alijs. Argumentum, quod de uno, etc. ut dist. 45. discipulina. ibi, meus non est. Arg. contra infra 23. q. 4. fortè.

g. ¶Mercedé. Id est retributionem aeternam.

h. ¶Regeneratione. Vt infantium.

i. ¶Vel aedificatione. Vt adultorum.

K. ¶Non deserit. Supra ca. ca. remissionem.

CONSTAT ERGO. CASVS. Superius in c. 1. huius quaestionis dicit Leo, quod Simonici non accipiunt nisi spiritum mendacij, et damnationem. in c. fertur. dicit Greg. quod simoniaci vulnerati habent animam letali vulnere. In capitulo veniunt, dicit Innocentius, quod ordinati ab haereticis vulnerantur habent caput, per quod cap. infert Gratianus idem esse de haereticis et simoniacis: tenens suae conclusioni statim obijcit ibi, Sed obijcitur. Et ibi, Immo. Concludit tamen, quòd sacramenta non debent simoniacè concedi.

(Continuing from p. 515.)

ordinatos à simoniacis per prauam manus simoniacae impositionem vulneratum habere caput. ¶Sed obijcitur a quòd in ordinatione simoniacorum hoc solum b reprehensibile inueniatur, quòd gratia spiritus sancti sub pretio redigi putetur: alioquin autem in omnibus integra forma sacramentorum seruetur. Cum ergo illicita sacramenti vsurpatio per poenitentiam correcta fuerit, vt gratia spiritus sancti gratuita, & non venalis existimetur: integer debet adesse vnctionis effectus: Immo etiam, si non sequatur poenitentia, licet simoniacè tamen reuera consecratus reputetur c: sicut illi, qui quondam non, nisi pretio dato, nec ad sacri baptismi regenerationem, nec ad sanctae communionis participationem admittebantur, licet simoniacè, tamen non ideo minus baptizati, vel sacrae communionis participes reputati sunt: sed hoc tantum † sacris canonibus constitutum est, ne de caetero sacramenta Christi simoniacè distribuantur.

Vnde Gelasius ad episcopos per Lucaniam, epist. 1. c. 7.

¶A baptizandis, vel consignandis pretia non exigantur.

Baptizandis, consignandisque d fidelibus sacerdotes pretia nulla praefigant e, nec illationibus quibuslibet impositis exagitare cupiant renascentes f: quoniam, quod gratis accipimus, gratis dare mandamur. Et ideo nihil à praedictis prorsus exigere g moliantur h, quo vel paupertate cogente deterriti, vel indignatione reuocati, redemptionis suae causas adire despiciant: certum habentes, quod qui prohibita deprehensi fuerint admisisse, vel commissa non potius sua sponte correxerint i, periculum subituri proprij sint honoris.

Item ex sexta synodo, c. 23.

¶A percipiente gratiam † communionis pretium exigi non debet.

Nullus episcopus aut presbyter, aut diaconus k, qui sacram dispensat communionem, à percipiente gratiam α communionis aliquod pretium exigat l. Neque enim videtur gratia, neq; pro pretio gratiam spiritus sancti damus; sed dignis munere sine defraudatione participare cocedimus. Si quis vero eorum, qui conumerantur in clero, ab eo cui sacram communionem dispensat, aliquod pretium exegerit, deponatur, sicut imitator simoniacae fraudis.

† al. samen ?

α. ¶Gratiam.] Sic etiam Iuo. In vno vetusto Gratiani cod. ce est, al. gratia.

Hæretici & simoniaci æquiparant̄. side-note

1 Quia s.c. 1. huius q. dixit Leo, q̄ simoniaci nō nisi spiritū mēdacij accipiūt, & dānationē s.c. ferē. Dixit Greg. q̄ simoniaci vulneratā habēt aīam lethali uulnere. s. ead. uentū dixit Inn. q̄ ordinati ab hęreticis uulneratum hñt caput. ūn infert & magister idē esse de simoniacis & hęreticis, sm H. sed sux conclusiōi, &c. ut sequitur Pe. & Bart. Brix. ?

la per quæ ostendit de hæreticis & simoniacis idem esse, ex quibus infert conclusionem suam in isto §. 1. sed sux conclusioni obijcit statim dupliciter, ibi, sed obijscitur. & ibi, immo. ?

a. ¶Sed obijcitur.] Ad hoc cum habere quod de alijs hæreticis dicitur.

b. ¶Hoc solum.] Quod non est in ordinatione hæreticorum.

c. ¶Reputetur.] Verum est quantum ad characterem.

¶Baptizandis.] CASVS. Dicitur in hoc c. quod nec pro baptismo, ne pro chrismatione debet pretiū exigi, ne propter paupertatem vel indigentiam homines suam negligant salutem, & qui hoc de caetero fecerit deponetur.

d. ¶Consignandisq;.] Id est, chrismandis. idem est in quolibet sacramento. extra de sim. cum in ecclesia.

e. ¶Praefigant.] Sic in sexto ? 10. quaest. ulti. nec numerus. secundum quod ibi est in littera nūmus, est simile. alias si est numerus, non est simile.

f. ¶Renascentes.] Id est, renasci uolentes uoluntate sua uel parentum.

g. ¶Exigere.] Aliquid tamen sponte oblatū recipi potest, ut supra distinctio. 18. de eulogijs.

h. ¶Moliantur.] Sed quid si sacerdos nullo modo vult baptizare, nisi ei detur pecunia? Dicunt quidam quòd si baptizandus est adultus, nihil ei debet dare: quia sola fides ei sufficit. de consecr. distinct. 4. baptismi. vel ipsemet baptizet se. arg. ff. de adop. si consul. argum. contra, extra de baptismo & eius effi?, debitum. Ioan. Sed certè si in necessitate sit aliquis seipsum baptizet: non est tamen baptizatus ?. licet ad patriam, si decederet, conuolaret, ut dicit decret. illa, debitum B. Si est puer, baptizet eum offerens, vel pater: sed si illi ita debiles sunt, vel nesciunt formam baptismi, vel nullus est alius, qui baptizet in necessitate, non ideo danda est pecunia & committenda simonia, potius permittatur mori sine baptismo. argum. hic, & infra ea. placuit. Ego tamen potius darem pecuniam, quam eum sic dimitterem mori, & bene, li-

i. ¶Correxerint.] Relinquendo honorem, & perpetuo poenitendo, ut infra ea. q. ? si quis neque. Ioan.

¶Nullus.] CASVS. Dicitur in hoc c. quod nullus clericus à percipiente gratiam communionis pretium exigere debet, quod si quis fecerit, deponetur.

k. ¶Diaconus.] J. de consecr. dist. 2. peruenit. contra. ibi dicitur, quod presbyter dare Eucharistiam; sed hoc in necessitate. 93. dist. diaconis. & c. praesente. H.

l. ¶Exigat.] Cum effectu 5 ?. uel etiam ipse conatus puniendus est in detestationem criminis. supra ea. qui illu det ?. arg. 6. q. 1. §. verum. arg. 47. dist. quoniam. H. Quidquid.]

Capit. 6. c. 180.

Burc. l. 4. c. 71.

Iuo p. 1. c. 72. & 265.

Matth. 10.

Iuo p. 2. c. 93. ?

3 Deest exigendo recepit, sic ff. de rer. diu. l. fi. alias ? q. d pe. di. 1. cogitationes. Acc. ?

¶Quidquid.] CASVS. Dē hic, quod pro sacramentis vel ordinibus conferenda aliquid accipi non debet, nisi quod sponte fuerit oblatum. & clericus contra fecerit, deponatur. & si sciente episcopo & negligente corrigere aliquid fuerit exactum: duobus mensibus communione priuetur. Si vero ipso ignorāte clerici aliquid acceperint: pro qualitate personarū & ordinum punientur poenis hic positis, & nihilo minus deponentur.

m. Caetera verbo ?, sed istud ex consensu perficitur. Caetera à iure canonum initium habuerunt, hoc è iure naturali initium habuit. extra de biga. debitum. Illa autem non est ratio sufficiens, quod pecunia interueniat, quia ? in ? non confertur gratia: quia nec in sepultura nec in funeratione gratia confertur ut ? in simonia. ?

gratia communis, quod Graeca lectioni magis conuenit: παρὰ τοῦ μετέχοντος εἰς τραπ?λην, τῆς τοιαύτης μεταλήψεως χάριν, ὀβολούς, ἢ εἶδος τὸ οἱονοῦν, id est, ab eo qui percipit communionem eiusmodi participationis gratia, obolos, vel aliam quamuis speciem exigat. Sunt etiam alia nonnullae varietates non magni ponderis.

Item ex concilio Toletano, 11. c. 8.

¶Munera inuisibilis gratiae quaestionibus non sunt comparanda.

Quidquid inuisibilis a gratiae consolatione ϐ b tribuitur, numquam quaestibus γ c, vel quibuslibet praemijs venundari penitus debet, dicente Domino: Quod gratis acceptis, gratis date. Et ideo quicumque deinceps in ecclesiastico ordine constitutus, aut pro baptizandis, consignandisque fidelibus, aut collatione chrismatis, vel promotionibus graduum pretia quaelibet, vel praemia (nisi quod δ voluntariè oblata) pro huiusmodi ambitione susceperit; equidem, si sciente loci episcopo tale quidquam à subditis perpetratum fuerit, idem episcopus duobus mensibus excommunicationi d subiaceat, pro eo, quòd, scita ε mala contexit, & correptionem necessariam non adhibuit. Sin autem suorum quispiam, eodem nesciente, pro supradictis quodcumque capitulis accipiendum esse sibi crediderit e; si presbyter f est, quatuor mensium excommunicatione g plectatur; si diaconus, trium; subdiaconus vero, vel clericus h his cupiditatibus seruiens, & competenti ζ poena i, & debita excommunicatione plectendus est.

β. ¶Consolatione. In concilijs olim Coloniae, ac Lutetiae impressis duobus ipsorum codicibus Vaticanis, no ? regis catholici, & apud Iuonem legitur, collatione: sed ob glossam non est emendatum.

γ. ¶Nunquam quaestibus. In eodem codice Regio, legitur numorum quaestu, vel quibuslibet praemijs venundari penitus non debet: in alijs vero supra citatis, nunquam quaestu. ?

δ. ¶Nisi.] Ab eodem codice Regio absunt dictis ? ista, nisi ita ut in his casibus voluntarias etiam oblationes prohibeat: sicut in concilio Eliberitano est constitutum, infra ead. c. emendari & de sacris ordinationibus in concilio Tridentino sess. 21. cap. 1. In alijs tamen codicibus est ipsa dictio, nisi.

ε. ¶Quod scita. Antea legebatur, in conscientia mala. Emendatum est ex codice Regio, & Iuone u ? rie legitur.

ζ. ¶Competenti poena.] Depositioni. infra ea. q. 3. c. vlt. ?

a. ¶Inuisibilis.] Id est, sacramentum in quo gratia inuisibilis continetur per significationem.

b. ¶Consolatione.] Nota coniugium nō ? esse de his sacramentis: quae consolationè caelestis gratiae ? tribuūt: & ideo in ipso poss? pretiū interuenire. 32. q. 2. honorantur. Caetera ita sacrae ? rei tenent significationem, vt eius pariter habeant virtutem, istud solam significationem ?

*Immo, quatenus sacramentum in tribuit gratiam, vt decernit concil. Trid. sess. 24. c. 1. & ideo dare pecuniam pro eo, vt est sacramentum, illicitū est licet ? in autem ? quatenus est natura officium. B. Tho. 2. 2. q. 100. art. 2. ad 6

c. ¶Quaestibus.] A quaero quaeris, non à quaeror quereris.

d. ¶Excommunicationi.] Id est, suspensioni. 32. dist. cos. no. ? episcopum suspendendum esse, quia non corrigit subditum.

Eps non corrigens subditum, est suspendendus.

e. ¶Crediderit.] Ad hoc ut occultet illud crimen.

f. ¶Si presbyter.] Hic leuem poenam antiquitas sustinuit: ex posterioribus autem decretis, p? huiusmodi sui honoris piculo subsant, & nota infamiae percelluntur, ut sup. ca. qui baptizandis ?, & 1. q. 3. c. ulti.

g. ¶Excommunicatione.] Hic grauius punit sacerdos quam episcopus. argu. 1 ? 40. dist. homo 1. Sed hic presbyter in duobus deliquit, & quia contemnit, & quia simoniam committit. episcopus tantum in negligentia. 2. Et quod dicit, quatuor mensium excommunicatione plectatur, haec poena non excludit depositionem. Alij intelligūt hoc capitulō de negligē te. 3. nō committente. sed huic intellectui obuiat illud, nec sciē?dum, & illud, cupiditatibus. Sed exaudi hoc per illud, extra de simo. nemo. cum scilicet quis celat vitium alium tantum pro pecunia. arg. sup. ea. c. ibi, contexit. B. Sed adhuc cōtradicit huic intellectui ? quod dicit de poena. quia minor imponitur maioribus. sed dic quod maior poena est episcopo cessare per duos menses, quàm presbytero per quatuor. 40. dist. homo Christianus.

Sacerdos grauius punitur quam episcopus.

1 Arg. extra de cle. vena. nat. c. 1.

2 Sic not. inf. 24. q. 1. qui contra. in gl. vlt.

h. ¶Clericus.] & secundum hoc clericus in minoribus ordinibus potest esse praelatus.

i. ¶Competenti poena.] Depositioni. inf. ea. q. 3. c. vlt. & secundum hoc clericus in minoribus ?

3 Et talis non est simoniacus: quia nil vult emere vel vēdere: sed pro tanto dans est simoniacus: quia simoniam committit, & cōntegit, ? ratū de simo. nemo. Hu. ? placuit. ?

Gratia in sepultura non confertur.

Iuo p. 1. c. 73. & par. 5. c. 126.

Matt. 10.

* Immo, quatenus sacramentum tribuit? gratiam, vt decernit concil. Trid. sess. 24. c. 1. & ideo dare pecuniam pro eo, vt est sacramentum, illicitū est: licet ? autem quatenus est na?tura officium ?. B. Tho. 2. 2. q. 100. artic. 2. ad 6

ζ. ¶Et competenti.] In vulgatis legebatur, pro arbitrio competenti poena sublata sunt voces, pro arbitrio, quia in vetustis exemplaribus, in concilijs impressis, & manuscriptis, & apud Iuonem non habentur, neque auctor glossae eas agnoscit.

Item ex concilio Bracarensi secundo, c. 4.

Emendata est inscriptio ex aliquot vetustis codicibus. Nam in vulgatis erat, ex Carthaginensi quarto, in quo non habetur.

¶Nihil à sacerdotibus exigatur pro balsamo, quod in Chrismate ponitur.

Placuit, vt nullus episcoporum pro modico balsami a, quod benedictum pro baptismi sacramento per ecclesias datur; quia singuli † tremissem b pro ipso exigere solent; nihil vlterius exigatur: ne fortè, quod pro salute animarum per inuocationem sancti spiritus consecratur, sicut Simon magus donum Dei pecunia voluit emere, ita nos uenundantes damnabiliter venundemur.

†al. à singulis tremisses exigi] al. singuli tremisses exigi Act?. 8. ?

Item ex eodem, c. 7.

¶Non est aliquid exigendum ab ijs, qui infantes suos ad baptizandum adducunt.

Placuit, vt vnusquisq; episcopus per ecclesias suas hoc praecipiat, vt hi, qui infantes suos ad baptismum offerunt, si quid voluntariè pro suo offerunt voto, suscipiatur ab eis. Si vero per necessitatem paupertatis aliquid non habeant, quod offerant, nullum eis pignus violenter tollatur à clericis. Nam multi pauperes hoc timentes, filios à baptismo retrahunt: qui si fortè, dum differuntur, sine gratia baptismi de hac vita recesserint, necesse est, ut ab illis eorum c perditio d requiratur e, quorum spolia pertimescentes, à baptismi gratia se retraxerunt.

Item ex concilio Eliberitano, c. 48.

¶Qui baptizatur, nullos nummos in concham mittat.

Emendari placuit, ut qui baptizantur (vt fieri solebat) nummos in concham non mittant f: ne sacerdos g,

¶Placuit, vt nullus.] CASVS. Statuitur hic, ut nullus episcopus pro chrismate tremissem exigat, sicut olim episcopi facere consueuerunt, ne ipsi uenundantes, sicut Simon magus uoluit emere, damnabiliter venundentur.

a. ¶Balsami.] Id est, chrismatis nē chrisma est. Chrisma ergo vendi non pōt, nec etiā in necessitate, cū sit sacramentū. 1. q. 1. multi. & 1. q. 3. si quis praebendas. & supra ea. quidquid.

Chrisma vēdi non pōt.

b. ¶Tremissem.] Tertia pars solidi est tremissis. De hoc tremisse habes C. de veste ? milit. fortissimis. lib. 12. & inde dicitur tremissis secundū Isidorum, quasi ter missus solidum constituat.

Tremissis est tertia pars solidi.

¶Placuit.] CASVS. Statuitur in hoc c. ut pro baptismi collatione nihil exigatur sponte tamen oblatum potest recipi: & si timore extorsionis aliquis se subtraxerit à baptismo, anima periclitantis à tali presbytero requiretur.

c. ¶Eorum.] Argu. quod in eadem sit perditione & qui dāni causā, uel occasionem dat, & qui damnum dedisse uidetur. j. ? 23. q. 5. de occidendis. & c. cū homo. cōtra. 26. q. 6. si presbyter. j. 27. q. 2. si tu abstines. s. dist. 55. si quis absciderit. j. 17. q. 4. diffiniuit. saepe. j. 16. q. 1. decimae ?. 50. dist. studeat. & c. Jo. Sol. hoc intelligendum est de causa proxima, maximè cū malo zelo causam uel occasionem praestant. H.

Damnū dedisse videtur, qui occasionē dāni dat.

d. ¶Perditio.] Nihil enim interest an occidat quis, an causam mortis praebeat. ff. ad l. Cor. de sic. nihil, unde si praestito impunitatis sacramento seruos fugietes ad ecclesiam sacerdos non reddiderit ?, & postea fugerint: fuga eorum à sacerdote querenda est, ut j. 17. q. 4. diffiniuit. qui enim occasionem damni, &c. ff. ad l. Aquil. qui occidit. §. ult.

e. ¶Requiratur.] Not. quod pro loco, & tempore illicita redduntur, quae simpliciter licita sunt, ut 27. q. 1. neque uiduas.

¶Emendari.] CASVS. Dicitur hic, quod pro baptismo nihil recipiatur, nec pedes baptizandorum lauentur. Sequentia duo capitula plana sūt, in quibus dicitur, quod pro sacramentis, vel ordinibus, sepultura, chrismate, communione, & luminaribus, nihil exigi debet.

1 Vnñ subdit, ne sacerdos &c.

f. ¶Non mittant.] Praesumitur enim simonia 1. similis praesumptio est ex tempore vel loco. j. 31. q. 1. relatu. speciem mali. arg. extra de transact. constitutus. ff. ad leg. Iul. de ambitu. l. una. ubi dicitur, quod accusatus non debet intrare domum iudicis. Hic argue opus per se laudabile rationis temporis reprobari, & ne maligna di occasionem inducat. licet enim numos in concham mittere opus pietatis sit, tempore tamen suscipiendi baptismi simoniae suspicionem inducit. arg. est ff. ad l. Iul. de ambitu. l. vna. in fin. adeo ut si etiā sub aliquo praetextu tempore prohibito detur, praesumptio simoniae non euanescat. arg. 57. dist. si quis in aegritudine 2. 8. q. 3. c. primo.

Opus per se laudabile ratione temporis repsobatur ?.

2 Et not. j. 18. q. 2. diffinimus.

g. ¶Ne sacerdos.] Arg. non solum abstinendū esse à malis, sed etiam ab omni specie mali. arg. supra 54. dist. generalis.

Abstinendū est ab omni specie mali.

†al.: à singulis tremisses exigi] al. singuli tremisses exigi. Act. 8. ?

(Continuing C. CIIII from p. 518.)

quod gratis accepit, pretio distrahere videatur. Neque pedes eorum lauandi sunt a à sacerdotibus, vel clericis.

Item ex concilio Triburiensi.

¶Pro perceptione baptismi, vel chrismatis aliquid exigi non debet.

Dictum est solere in quibusdam locis pro perceptione chrismatis nummos dari, similiter pro baptismo, & communione. Hoc simoniacae haeresis semen detestata est sancta synodus, & anathematizauit, & vt de caetero nec pro ordinatione, nec pro chrismate, vel baptismo, vel pro balsamo, nec pro sepultura, vel communione quidquam exigatur, statuit; sed gratis dona Christi gratuita dispensatione donentur.

Item ex concilio Cabilonensi tempore Caroli magni, cap. 17.

¶Non pro dedicandis basilicis, vel pro caeteris sacramentis ecclesiae conferendis aliquid exigi debet.

Statuimus, vt sicut pro dedicandis basilicis, & dandis ordinibus nihil accipiendum est: ita etiam pro balsamo, siue luminaribus b emendis, nihil presbyteri chrisma accepturi dent. Episcopi itaque de facultatibus ecclesiae balsamum emant, & luminaria singuli in ecclesijs suis concionanda prouideant.

  1. Sicut c ergo haec sacramenta d licet simoniacè ministrentur, tamen benedictionis effectum conferunt accipienti; & sic sacerdotalis vnctio, licet simoniacè ministretur; suo tamen non debet carere effectu. Sed, sicut supra dictum est illa sacramenta sunt necessitatis, haec dignitatis: & ideo priuilegia illorum non possunt generare communem legem istorum. Habent ergo simoniaci vulneratum caput per simoniacae manus prauam impositionem. Hoc autem de illis intelligitur, quos nec excusat ignorantia, nec attractionis violentia; qui ab illis ordinantur, quos indubitanter sciunt esse simoniacos; siue simoniacè, siue non simoniacè ordinentur ab eis. Vt enim distinguit Nicolaus Papa alij simoniacè ordinantur à simoniacis; alij simoniacè à non simoniacis; alij non simoniacè à simoniacis.

Hanc distinctionem innuit Nicolaus Papa secundus scribens omnibus episcopis.

¶De triplici genere simoniacorum.

Statuimus e decretum de simoniacis tripartita haeresi, id est, de simoniacis simoniacè ordinatoribus, vel ordinatis, & de simoniacis simoniacè à non simoniacis, & de simoniacis non simoniacè à simoniacis. ¶Simoniaci simoniacè ordinati, vel ordinatores secundum ecclesiasti-

a. ¶Lauandi sunt.] Quia Mediolanenses primo aqua consecrata puerorum pedes lauant, & postea baptizāt: & non peccant, quia auctoritate Ambr. hoc faciunt: quod ? qui est mundus totus, non indiget nisi vt pedes lauet. Tamen in illa auctoritate intelliguntur pedes, id est, affectus.

Lotio Mediolanēsiū.

¶Dictum est.] CASVS pro tempore etiam luminum pretium interdici in extrauagan. Alexan. iij ? de his sane. Hu satis dicitur extra de Simon. non satis ?, & cap. cum in ecclesia.

ADDITIO. Adde ad hoc quod legitur, & no. supra ca. emendari. Archid.

¶Statuimus.] CASVS. Hoc c. diuiditur in duas partes. In prima parte idem dicitur, qd dictum est in distinctione Nicolai. In secunda parte quae incipit ibi, Simoniaci. dicit, quod simoniaci simoniacè ordinati cum suis ordinatoribus debent deponi. Simoniaci uero simoniacè à non simoniacis ordinati, ab officio maleaccepto remouebuntur, sed ordinatores non deponentur: cum non simoniacè à simoniacis ordinatis, poterit propter necessitatem dispensari ut in suo officio permaneant.

¶Sicut ergo.] CASVS Infert Gratianus quod sicut haec sacramenta. f. baptisma & chrisma habent effectum, licet simoniacè ministrentur, sic & vnctio sacerdotalis. Sed est aliud in illis quàm in istis; quia illa sunt sacramenta necessitatis: haec vero dignitatis. Simoniaci enim habent caput vulneratum, quos ignorantia, vel alia causa non excusat. Vnde Nicolaus distinguit. Alij ordinātur simoniacè à simoniacis; Alij simoniacè à non simoniacis. Alij non simoniacè à simoniacis. quam ? distinctio probatur per sequens capitulum.

c. ¶Sicut.] Accipit hic finem altercatio Gratiani, qua quādoque simoniacos comparat hereticis, quandoque non, vt s. ead. §. quia ergo. & §. seq.

d. ¶Hęc sacramēta.] J?. baptisma, & chrisma.

e. ¶Statuimus.] Idem dicit hic, quod in §. nisi. quia ? subiungit

b. ¶Luminaribus.] Etiam in conficiendo chrisma necessarijs fraudem remouet. Nota ?

Pedes in litteris sacris significant affectiones.

affectus, scilicet ut habeat cor purū, iuxta illud: Quàm speciosi pedes Euangelizantium pacem, &c.

s. e. remissionē ?. §. sed notandū. ?

4. sent. dist. 25. Pann. l. 3. c. 127.

Burc. l. 4. c. 93. Iuo p. 1. c. 287 ?. Pann. l. 1. c. 98.

Pann. l. 4. c. 101. Iuo p. 1. c. 295.

(Continuing C. XVII from p. 519.)

cos canones à proprio gradu decidant †. Simoniaci quoque simoniacè à non simoniacis ordinati, similiter ab officio malè accepto remoueatur. Simoniacos autem non a simoniacè à simoniacis ordinatos, misericorditer b per manus impositionem pro temporis necessitate in officio concedimus permanere c.

Sed hoc d intelligendum est de ijs, qui ordinantur à simoniacis, quos ignorabant esse simoniacos. Hos facit simoniacos non reatus criminis, sed ordinatio simoniaci.

De quibus Vrbanus Papa in concilio Placentino, cap. 3. & 4. art ?

¶De ijs, qui non simoniacè à simoniacis ordinantur.

Si qui e à simoniacis non simoniacè ordinati sunt, si quidem probare f potuerint se, cum ordinarentur, nesciisse eos simoniacos esse, & si tunc α g pro catholicis habebantur in ecclesia, talium ordinationes misericorditer sustinemus, si tamen eos laudabilis vita commendat. Qui vero scienter se à simoniacis consecrari (immo execrari) permiserint; eorum consecrationem omnino irritam esse decer-

α. ¶Et si tunc.] Antea legebatur, & quòd tunc, quasi onus id probandi incumberet volenti se purgare. Emendatum oato ? est ex duobus manuscriptis istius concilij exemplaribus.

Idem Nicolaus iunior. Hoc idem Alexander secundus.

Verba huius & sequentis capituli erga simoniacos sunt in epistola Nicolai secundi, in qua concilium à se habitum refert: atq; ea repetiuit Alexander secundus in epistola omnibus catholicis episcopis directa, quae habetur Romae manuscripta tribus peruetustis codicibus.

?ungit quid iuris sit cum sic vel ordinantur. ?

a. ¶Simoniacos autem non.] Illi sola voce non reatu simoniaci dicuntur. extra de si. de simoniacè. scilicet propter ordinationem à simoniacis factam, sicut vsurarius quandoque dicitur qui vsuras dat. ff. de vsur. debitor. huic

b. ¶Misericorditer.] & ita dicitur, hic quod non receperunt executionem.

c. ¶Permanere.] In executione.

SED HOC. CASVS. Dicit Gratianus, quod hoc ultimum membrum intelligitur de illis, qui ordinantur nō simoniacè à simoniacis, quos ignorabant esse simoniacos, quos non reatus proprius ? facit simoniacos, sed ordinatio simoniaci.

d. ¶Sed hoc.] Respicit ultimam partem capituli praecedentis, scilicet simoniacos non reatu, sed propter ordinationem, infra ca. proximo.

¶Si qui à simoniacis.] CASVS. Dicitur hic, quod si aliquis gratis ab episcopo, sed à suis ? simoniaco fuerit ordinatus: si probauerit illum tunc temporis ab ecclesia toleratum, & nesciuisse illum simoniacum fuisse, poterit cum illo misericorditer dispensari. si vero sciuerit illum simoniacum esse, deponi debet. Sequens c. patet, quod est notabile.

e. ¶Si qui.] H. intelligit hoc c. de praecisis, qui tamen nesciebantur precisi esse ab ordinatis ?. Nam opinio eius est, quod si occultum est eum ordinatorem esse occulto simoniacum, qui toleratur, ordinatus suscipit executionem, ut 15. q. 7. c. vlt. nisi sit notorium, vt 32. dist. §. veri ?. vel nisi testibus hoc probari possit, vt s. ea. quisquis. & ideo vt locum habeat secundum cum quod hic sequitur, misericorditer, &c. necesse habet legere de praecisis. Nos vero qui aliter sentimus. argu. j. ca. quibusdā. & 3. c. reperitur. legimus hoc capitulum de occultis. nem ? quantumcunque occulti sint, & etiam ignorētur, iste non consequitur executionem. & hoc in simoniaco in ordine, & licet sine culpa istius ordinati cōtingat, indiget tamen dispensatione; & hoc in detestationem criminis, & iō dicit misericorditer, & licet hoc in ignorante, secus tamen in eo qui coactus est, at ? inf. ead. cōstat. Nam ille de iure admittendus est ad executionem: & ea est ratio, quia magis constat nobis de voluntate coacti, quàm ignorantis. nec intelligas illud capitulum de bap. maiores. quia autem ?

Ordinatus à simoniaco occulto an recipiat ordinis executionem.

f. ¶Probare.] Per sacramentum. extra de sent. excō. si vero. Vel probatur eo ipso, quod non probatur 5 ?. C. milli ? no possum per seruis. lib. 12. Sed pone praelatum me esse simoniacum. & vult me ordinare, si quod ?bare possum ?. non debeo ab eo ordines recipere: si non possum ?

Simoniacus filius si vult subditum inuitum ordinare, quod iuris

¶Probare.] Hinc arg. quod qui ignorantiam allegat, eā probare debet 1. & cum probatio tripliciter fiat, tunc scilicet directe cum probato eo ex quo id quod intendit, necessario aut verisimiliter sequitur: ignorantiae tamen verisimilis probatio sufficit; quod patet ex eo qd dicitur, tunc pro catholicis habebantur. ex his quoque verbis seq. si tamen eos laudabilior uita commendat, argui potest praecedentia merita ad delicti post commissi veniam impetrandam prodesse argu. ff. de re mili. non omnis. Io. argum. allegantem ignorantiam debere eam probare, ut infra 9. quaest. 1. ordinationes. inf. 14. quaest. vlt ?. in lectum. extra. de elect. innotuit. sup. dist. 82. propositi. contra. inf. 3. q. 9. indicas. contra. B.

Ignorantiam allegās, eā probare tenetur.

1 Concor. text. in l. verius. & ibi glos. & in l. cū de indebito. in glo. in ver. ignoranti. ff. de prob.

g. ¶Et quod tunc.] 15. quaest. vlt. c. ult. arg. j. 9. quaest. 1. cap. 3. contra. Solu. ibi namque dicitur quod ij qui ab haereticis nominatim excommunicatis fuerint ordinati, ignorantes illos esse damnatos: eorum ordinationes ratae habebuntur: hic autem dicit tunc ratas esse si eorum ordinatores pro catholicis habebantur. unde colligi-

¶Adde ad hunc text. nota. in l. si quēquam ? C. de episc. & cleri.

Magister ibid.

C 4. ?

(Continuing the preceding gloss, from p. 520.)

d. In dignitate. Id est, in ordine. Extra de simo. tanta. Nota infra ea. q. 5. c. 1. l. cum enim furtivus sit chara?ter. Infra ea. ordinationes non potest dispensari. M. semper contrarius sensus auctoritatis pro lege & certa ratione suscipiendus est: sicut in nonnullis decretorum locis diligentia lectoris inveniet. Vel dicatur strictius ?.

De cetero statuimus, ut si quis in posterum ab eo, quem simoniacum esse non dubitat, se consecrari permiserit; & consecrator, & consecratus non disparem damnationis sententiam subeant: sed uterque depositus poenitentiam agat, & privatus propria dignitate persistat.

Item paulo superius.

Erga simoniacos nullam misericordiam in dignitate servanda habendam esse decernimus; sed iuxta canonum sanctiones, & decreta sanctorum Patrum, eos omnino damnamus, ac deponendos esse apostolica auctoritate sancimus.

Subaudiendum est, nisi violenter attracti fuerint. De his enim, & a quibuslibet haereticis violenter ordinatis ait Innocentius ad episcopos Macedoniae, epist. 22. c. 5.

Constat multos vim passos, atque invitos, attractos, repugnantesque ab haereticis ordinatos, sed huiusmodi aliquis, si post ordinationem talem non interfuit, cum illi conficerent sacramenta, si communioni eorum participatus non est, si statim discedentibus illis a pessimo conciliabulo eorum abrenunciavit, & ad Ecclesiam redijt; iste talis potest habere colorem aliquem excusationis. Ceterum qui post mensem, aut amplius redierunt, cum se considerarent ab haereticis ordinatos; quamvis nihil ab eis acceperunt, rei sunt usurpatae dignitatis.

α. Illis. In editione trium tomorum legitur, discedens de eius pessimo. Sed editio quatuor tomorum, & codex canonum habet ut Grat. Multa autem in hoc capite collector arbitratu suo aptavit.

Tales plerique, intuitu pietatis reformatos catholicae ma-

¶Constat. CASUS. Dicitur hic, si qui per coactionem ab haereticis fuerint ordinati: si eorum communioni non consenserint, sed statim cessante violentia ad ecclesiam redierint, sufficienter excusantur: at qui post mensem redeunt, rei tunc sunt acceptae dignitatis.

e. ¶Si statim. Arg. si qua alicui traditur invita, & pro viribus renues: si statim post traditionem fugerit, non tenet illud matrimonium, quod praesumitur ex verbo a Cum sta-tim. Maxime si nunquam consensit. H. & ita per sequentia deprehenduntur praecedentia 2. 12. q. 2. quod ait. De poeni. dist. 3. Iudas.

f. ¶Redijt. Eo animo ut iterum non redeant ad eos: sicut dicit lex, is qui fugit ab hostibus eo animo ut iterum ad eos redeat, non habet postliminium. ff. de cap. Et c. 1. pen. nec enim satis est domum quem redisse, si mente alienus est, ut ff. de offic. praef. l. 1. divus. & 39. q. indicas.

g. ¶Excusationis. Argumentum, quod aliquis in dubio excusatur a poena propter coactionem in ordinibus. Sic 50. dist. presbyteros. 15. q. 6. c. 1. 20. q. 3. praesens. Arg. contra. 15. q. 1. merito. Et infra de conse. dist. 4. eos, quos.

h. ¶Post mensem. Arg. si aliqua alicui invita tradita fuerit: & aliquanto tempore cum eo in domo manserit, & cum potuerit non effugerit; si postea virum dimiserit, poterit revocari ab eo: quia ex tanto temporis consensu ratum fuit matrimonium. Arg. 31. q. 2. de neptis. 63. dist. quanto. 50. dist. presbyteros. & dist. 45. de Iudaeis. & extra de spon. ad id quod.

¶De cetero. CASUS. Non dubitat. Quia est notorium: vel per sententiam. H. sed contradicit littera.

b. ¶Sententiam subeant. Tu intellige de eo quem probare potuit simoniacum, qui est ordinandus. Melius intellige secundum quod dixi in glo. supra proxi. c. in glo. per sacramentum. ver. hoc teneas. A.

¶Erga simoniacos. CASUS. Dicit in hoc c. simoniaci ad aliquam dignitatem promoti deponi debent: & nulla cum eis poterit fieri dispensatio. Patet sequens §. ubi excipit violenter attractos: sive a simoniacis, sive ab haereticis attracti fuerint.

c. ¶Nullam. Infra eod. si quis neque. Infra ead. q. 7. requiritis. Infra ead. q. 5. c. contra. Sol. hic simonia est in promoto & promovente.

i. ¶Amplius. Arg. ad probandum consensum interfuisse matrimonio, & non statim divertas dum poteris. 16. q. 1. revertimini.

¶Tales. CASUS. Dicitur in hoc tales. f. ab haereticis violenter attracti: sive statim redierint, sive non, quandoque de misericordia tolerantur: sed cum simoniacis non dispensatur: nec authenticam, id est, fructuosam possunt agere poenitentiam, nisi renunciaverint ei quam sunt simoniace adepti: & tunc dispensatur cum eis, ut cum minoribus haereticis dispensatur. Seque. capit. patet, in quo ostenditur qualiter cum haeretico dispensetur.

k. ¶Tales. Scilicet qui consenserint haereticis: vel statim ?

(Continuing gloss k from p. 521.)

recesserunt, vel non statim. Idem intelligo etiam post momentum, si iam consensissent: & idem post centum annos, si non consensissent. Nam semper accusaretur. ff. de re. mil. non omnes. § qui captus. Factum ergo tangit hoc dicendo, ideo tamen dicit, qui post mensem; quia & si intra mensem redierint, semper fuisse inviti praesumuntur: nisi contrarium probaretur: sed post mensem praesumerentur consensisse, nisi contrarium probaretur. Et est si. C. ad Vellea. l. si mulier perfecte.

(Continuing the editorial note attached to C. CXI.)

...nus impositio cum satisfactione, & medicina poenitentiae: sed damnationem simoniacorum, & eorum, qui ea consenserunt, legimus, medicinam vero authenticam ex hac haeresi nominatim non legimus: nisi quod, sicut usurpatum est in Novatianis, vel Donatistis, minoribus utique haereticis non canonice, sed ex intuitu pietatis; ita etiam ex his posse fieri colligimus, ideo etiam, quia aliorsum per omnia orthodoxam habent fidem, nisi quod spiritum sanctum dicunt esse venalem. Et, ut ait B. Augustinus, haeretici, cum redierint, qua parte se absciderint ab ecclesia, curentur; qua vero parte adhaeserint, cognoscantur.

Hinc & Leo Iannuario Aquilegiensi, epist. 3.

Omnis cuiuslibet ordinis clericus, qui catholicam deserens unitatem, haereticae, vel schismaticae coniunctionis contagione se maculaverit; si ad ecclesiam redierit cum legitima satisfactione, & errores sui damnatione; hoc beneficio habeat, si adempta sibi omni spe promotionis, in quo invenitur ordine permaneat.

De his autem, qui ordinantur simoniace a non simoniacis (utpote illi, qui data pecunia archidiacono, vel consiliariis episcopi, episcopo ignorante, hoc efficiunt, ut de manu eius sacros ordines accipiant) ita scribit Gregorius VII. in synodo Romae habita, anno Domini 1078. die 19. Novembris, c. 5.

Ordinationes, quae interveniente pretio, vel obsequio alicui personae ea inten-

α. ¶Iannuario. Sic etiam citatur infra ead. q. 7. c. saluberrimum. Et sic habetur in manuscriptis Leonis codicibus, quamvis in excusis sit, Iuliano. Ceterum verba ipsa epistolae referuntur in dicto c. saluberrimum, & ex parte supra ead. c. si quis haeretica. Nam hic sententia potius asseritur.

a. ¶Authenticam. Id est, fructuosam: nisi executioni rei adeptae renunciaverit, ut infra ea. q. si quis neque.

b. ¶Usurpatum est. Id est, contra rigorem factum est: arg. C. de iur. do. ubi.

c. ¶Novatianis. Infra ea. quaest. 7. Maximum. & c. Donatum.

d. ¶Minoribus. Non enim cum maioribus haereticis dispensatur, ut infra q. 7. c. 1.

e. ¶Ita etiam. Cum simoniacis est dispensandum, ut iam habebitur.

f. ¶Aliorsum. Q. d. & hoc facit ad dispensationem.

g. ¶Cognoscantur. Arg. quod si in instrumento sit falsum in aliqua parte, & in aliqua vero parte verum est, debemus illud recipere. C. de transf. si ex falsis. Argu. contra. 9. dist. si ad sacras. & 42. dist. cap. quiescamus.

h. ¶Omnis. ¶Habeat. Si tu sit rata unctione non fuerit maculatus, ut 7. q. 7. saluberrimum.

i. ¶Invenimus. Si tu illos ordines simoniace receperit, & cum quibus dispensetur, & cum quibus non, dicunt isti versus.

Si bis ordo datur, seu baptismus repetatur: Ut subuectatur fidei status ordo petatur. Vel si praefertur quod utrumque Simon operetur. Ut dispenset, spes irrita prorsus habetur. 5. ea. fi. quis.

DE HIS. CASUS. Prosequitur de his Gratianus hic, qui simoniace a non simoniacis ordinantur, & casus planus est.

¶Ordinationes. CASUS. Dicitur hic quod falsa iudicatur ordinatio, quae pretio, precibus vel obsequio confertur. Idem dicitur de ordinatione eius, qui canonice non eligitur: quia taliter ordinatus non intrat per ostium, sed fur est & latro. Patet seq. §.

k. ¶Pretio. Dato, vel retento vel promisso. C. de transf. transactio. nem remittere dare est. extra de testi. veniens. a?.

¶Vel precibus. Hoc de precibus pro indigno, & carnali amore impensis vel a se porrectis: alias non, ut infra eadem, latorem.

¶Vel precibus. Hic habes quod preces inducunt simoniam, ut infra c. sunt nonnulli. 8 q. 1. Moyses. Et hoc verum est si aliquis pro seipso petat: talis autem se ingerit: quod non licet, ut 8. q. 1. in scripturis. & extra de iure patro. per nostras. Alij dicunt, quod aliquis pro se, si est dignus ?

tione impenso, vel quae non communi consensu cleri, & populi secundum canonicas sanctiones fiunt, & ab iis, ad quos consecratio pertinet, non comprobantur, falsas esse diiudicamus: quoniam, qui taliter ordinantur, non per ostium, id est per Christum intrant; sed, ut ipsa veritas testatur, fures sunt, & latrones.

14. Quia ergo simonia tripliciter in capitulo notatur, videndum est, quot modis pretium in hac haeresi detur. Hoc B. Gregorius in Evangeliorum tractatu hom. 4. in fine exponit dicens.

¶De multiplici genere simoniacorum.

Sunt nonnulli, qui quidem nummorum praemia ex ordinatione non accipiunt, & tamen sacros ordines pro humana gratia largiuntur, atque de largitate eadem, laudis solummodo retributionem quaerunt. ¶Hi nimirum, quod gratis acceptum est, gratis non tribuunt: quia de impenso officio sanctitatis, nummum expetunt favoris. Unde bene, cum iustum virum describeret propheta, ait: Qui excutit manus suas ab omni munere Neque enim dicit, qui excutit manus suas à munere, sed adiunxit, ab omni: quia aliud est munus ab obsequio, aliud munus à manu, aliud munus à lingua. Munus quippe ab obsequio est subiectio indebite impensa. Munus à manu, pecunia est. Munus à lingua, favor. Qui ergo sacros ordines tribuit tunc ab omni munere manus excutit; quando in divinis rebus non solum nullam pecuniam, sed etiam humanam gratiam non requirit.

Idem in regesto.

¶Aeternam damnationem inveniet, qui quolibet munere ad sacros ordines accedit.

Si quis neque sanctis pollens moribus, vel neque a clero, populoque vocatus, vel pulsatione coactus, impu-

a. ¶Intentione. Ergo sine ea intentione non est simonia: alias se.

b. ¶Fures. Videtur ergo cum simoniacus furi comparetur, quod cum simoniaco nemo possit dispensare, nisi remale susceptum, ut 7. ead. si quis neque. & 7. ead. erga. & extra ea. nobis. in si quia nec virtum furti purgavero, redeat in potestate Domini, ut 14. q. 6. si res aliena. Istud satis concedi posset: & posset dici, quod simoniacus nec etiam characterem reciperet: quia simoniacus debet renunciare rei, quam vitio est adeptus. Constat quod executioni non renunciaret, quia executionem nunquam habuit, characteri etiam non potest renunciare. Vnde satis videtur quod non recepit characterem: nisi velles dicere quod recepisset possessionem characteris: sicut fur dicit habere rem furtivam, id est, possessionem rei, tamen credibilius est ut dicatur quod habeat characteres, & quod Papa potest cum eo dispensare, licet ille non renunciet, nam etiam ultimum furti potest purgari rei apud Furem effusca. si fur. in prin. idem videtur in violento detentore, ut ff. de preca. certe. § Iulianus 1.

QVIA ERGO. Hac est 14. pars quaestionis, in qua ?

c. ¶Accipiunt. Extra de si. & si quaestiones.

d. ¶Describeret. Non est in? Esaia id quod sequitur, sed in psalmo: Iudica me domine, sibi, in quorum manibus.

e. ¶Ab obsequio. Sic videtur, quod non sim servire pro beneficio, ut hic & 7. par. ar. contra. 12. q. 2. quicunque suffragio. & c. charitate. & de cle. non resi. de cetero. Licet etiam potest quis sperare vel appetere dignitates, ut 74. dist. consuluit. 61. dist. quod proderit. & extra de pac. cum pridem. Sol. H. dicit si directe habeat animum ad hoc cum servit, est simoniacus, ut 8. q. 1. sunt quidam. Sed tu dic quod si dignus est, & dignum exhibet servitium, non est simoniacus, ut hic & extra de cle. non re. si de cetero: alias si si dignus, & uel dignus, & dignum servit, simoniacus est: & hoc non tantum cum dixit, Servitus indebite, & licet dignus servire possit, non tamen hoc potest duci in pactionem: nam illud simoniacum est, extra de pac. pactiones. nullum ergo munus dabit nisi illud quod alias fuisset daturus propter aliquas necessitates, ut extra ea. & si quaestiones, vel nisi det xenium aliquod, ut ff. de of. procon. l. solent. § vel. vel nisi piat illud ad stipes templi, ut sup. ead. iudices.

f. ¶Ab omni. Vt omnia particularia & singularia comprehenderet. 5. 19. dist. si Romanorum. § 7. 14. q. 3. putat. inf. e. q. 3. salvator. 3. 31. q. 1. qui si dormierit 2. Not. quod dicit indebite, nam ti debite impendatur, non ita sit, vt 7. ea. q. 3. salvator. Et exponit Bazianus indebite, scu indebite dignus, vel debite indignus servit pro beneficio. alias non ar. insti. de societare. § de illa.

g. ¶Gratiam. 7. 24. dist. quando.

SI quis. CASUS. Si quis per simoniacam pravitatem ordinem vel dignitatem ecclesiasticam acceperit, nisi in vita reliquerit, & finaliter penituerit, in aeternum peribit. Planum est sequens capitulum, & per se patet.

h. ¶Vocatus. Et etiam licet valde dignus sit, non tu? frenata temeritate, sed trepida deliberatione onus sacerdotij ?

denter Christi sacerdotium iam quolibet facinore pollutus, iniusto cordis amore, vel sordidis precibus oris, sive comitatu, sive manuali servitio, sive fraudulento munusculo episcopalem, seu sacerdotalem, non lucro animarum, sed inanis gloriae avaritia fultus dignitatem acceperit, & in vita sua non sponte reliquerit, eumque insperata mors poenitentem non inveneriet; proculdubio in aeternum peribit.

α. ¶Insperata. In aliquot vetustis Gratiani codicibus legitur, in aspera mors poenitentia.

a. ¶Amore. Ex hoc collige omnem illum esse simoniacum, qui ductus amore alicui indigno beneficium confert: ar. extra de simo. nemo. nam ex quo favor tertij nimium favoris inducit: multo magis ipsius qui ordinatur. Vel idem hoc ita quod cesset iste intellectus, iniusto cordis amore, id est, cupiditate & ambitione.

b. ¶Comitatu. Id est, servitio.

c. ¶Fraudulento. Fraudulentum est munus eum dicit se alias voluisse hoc el dare, ut extra ead. & si quaestiones. Vel quando aliter a pars dicit se expensas fecisse, & illas petit ut cedat beneficio, ut extra de pact. cum pridem.

d. ¶Non pote. Hoc idem de quolibet crimine: sed hoc dicitur ad terrorem. Et not. quod dicit sponte: quia si cogeretur iuris ordinem dimittere: nisi sponte, non valere esi ad salutem.

e. ¶Mors. Ex hocut dixi) in quolibet crimine non valet poenitentia ad salutem, nisi perseveret animo usque in finem. de pe. distin. 1. § his autem. ver. item illud. Ioannes. Et licet de omnibus aliis criminibus possit quis poenitere ordine retento, ut 82. dist. presbyter. 50. dist. de his. hic non, nisi renunciet ordini. extra de si. tanta. vnde non videtur quod hic locum habeat admonitio uel denuciatio. Ar. cōtra. 7. q. ult. c. patet. dic ut extra de accusatio. super his.

Hinc idem Gregorius Ioanni Corinthiorum episcopo, lib. 4. epist. 55. seu c. 99. scribit.

¶Pro ordinationibus nihil omnino accipiatur.

De ordinationibus aliquid accipere sub districta interdictione vetuimus. Oportet ergo, ut neque per commodum, neque per gratiam, aut quorundam supplicationem aliquos ad sacros ordines consentiatis, vel permittatis adduci.

¶De ordinationibus. ¶Supplicationem.] 7. e. latoré. Contra: ubi Papa ad supplicationem quorundam ordinat quendam. Sed distingue: aut aliquis petit pro se: aut alius pro ipso, ut 7. ea. ordinationes. 8. q. 1. § hi. vel dic, ibi de carnali, hic de spirituali.

Item universis episcopis per Elladem provinciam constitutis, eod. lib. epist. 56. seu c. 100.

¶Nec pretio, nec prece, nec gratia, nec supplicatione aliqui ad sacros ordines accedant.

Quibusdam narrantibus agnovi, quod in illis partibus nullus ad sacrum ordinem sine commodi datione perveniat. Quod si ita est, flens dico, gemens denuncio, quia cum sacerdotalis ordo intus cecidit, foris quoque diu stare non poterit. ¶Scimus quippe ex Evangelio, quid redemptor noster per semetipsum fecerit: quia ingressus in templum cathedras vendentium columbas evertit. Columbas quippe vendere est, de sancto spiritu (quem sibi consubstantialem Deus omnipotens per impositionem manuum hominibus tribuit) commodum temporale percipere. Ex quo, ut praedixi, innuitur, quid sequatur: quia, qui in templo Dei columbas vendere praesumpserunt, eorum, Deo iudice, cathedrae ceciderunt. ¶Qui videlicet error in subditis cum augmento propagatur. Nam ipse quoque, qui ad sacrum ordinem perducitur, iam in ipsa provectus sui radice vitiatus, paratior est aliis vendere, quod emit. Et ubi est, quod scriptum est? [Gratis acce-

¶Quibusdam narratibus. CASUS. Dicitur hic sacros ordines vel ecclesiasticos gradus non gratis, sed commodi datione acceptos diu stare non posse: cum intus orti per consecrationem iam decidat. Secundo, quia Dominus cathedras vuedentium columbas de templo evertit. Tertio, quia paratiores sunt aliis vendere quod emerunt. Quarto, quia ipsorum haeresis in primitiva ecclesia fuit damnata. Secunda ratio est ?

f. ¶Quibusdam. Primo dicit Gregorius. se dolere quod in illis partibus nemo promovet ad sacrum ordinem sine commodi datione. Secundo, quod ab auctoritate Domini simoniacus ipse iure esse ?

g. ¶Stare. Quo ad id in quo nunquam stetit, si quo ad executionem. ar. ff. de coll. pecu. id quod. ar. 3. 12. q. 2. Moyses.

i. ¶Eorum. Et ita simoniaci et occulti suspensi: non tamen virandi sunt secundum quosdam, cum probari non potest in eis simonia exaudi extra de simo. tanta. & sup. ead. reperiuntur.

k. ¶Paratior. Quod nova testa capit, inveterata sapit. Quo semel est imbuta recens servabit odorem, Testa diu & est. si i auth. ut iud. sine quoquo suf. § 1. coll. 2. ubi dici ?

pistis, gratis date.] Et cum primo contra sanctam ecclesiam simoniaca haeresis sit exorta; cur non perpenditur cur non videtur, quia eum, quem quis cum pretio ordinat, provehendo agit, vt haereticus fiat? Ideoque hortamur, ut nullus vestrum denuo hoc fieri patiatur: sed neque gratia alicuius, neque supplicatione aliquos ad sacros ordines audeat promovere; nisi eum, quem vitae, & actionis qualitas ad hoc dignum esse monstraverit. Nam si aliter factum denuo senserimus, districta, & canonica illud noveritis ultione compesci.

Item Symmachus ad Caesarium, epist. 1. c. 5.

¶Ad episcopalem honorem nullus per ambitum accedat.

Nullus itaque per ambitum ad episcopalem honorem permittatur accedere. Nam cum hic excessus in laica conversatione culpetur; quis dubitat, qui religiosis, & Deo servientibus incutiat opprobrium?

Item Gregorius Adeodato episcopo, lib. 2. indict. 11. epist. 48.

¶De eodem.

Estote ergo praecipue in ordinatione soliciti, & ad sacros ordines nisi provectiores aetate, & mundos opere nullatenus admittatis; ne forte semper esse desinant quod immature esse festinant. Eorum enim, qui in sacro sunt ordine collocandi, prius vitam, moresque discutite: & ut dignos huic officio adhibere possitis, non nobis potentia, aut supplicatio quarumlibet subrepat personarum. Ante omnia autem cautos vos esse oportet, vt nulla proveniat in ordinatione venalitas: ne (quod absit) & ordinatis, & ordinantibus periculum maius immineat. Si quando igitur de his tractari necesse est, graves, expertosque viros consiliis vestris adhibete participes, & cum eis communi de hoc deliberatione pensate.

¶Caput hoc duobus locis, ubi visum est expedire, locupletatum est ex originali.

Idem Columbo episcopo, lib. 2. indict. 11. epist. 47.

¶Neque favore, neque venalitate ad sacros ordines quisquam promoveatur.

Pueri ad sacros ordines nullatenus admittantur; ne tanto periculosius cadant, quanto citius conscen-

a. ¶Et actionis. Hic argue carnales preces pro digno facere simonia, secus in pecunia uel obsequio: quia loco pretij intercedere solent. quod pretium est eum, qui datione facit, plures manus circuire &c.

b. ¶Pueri. Pueri dicuntur intra xiiij. annum aetatis & qual. c. indecorum, vel pueri, i. Neophyti 1. 41. dist. sicut Neophytus.

¶Vllius. ¶Culpetur.] Et puniatur poena centum aureorum: & irrogatur infamia, qui potissimum agentem dignitatem. ff. ad leg. Iul. de ambitu. l. 1. & infra. q. 7. sancimus. Argu. 5. ff. de offi. praeto. Barbarius. fed solvetur, inf. 9. 6. sicut is.

c. ¶Religiosis. Id est, clericis. & per hoc explicite illud ca. 10. q. 3. praesens. in si. arg. gradum altiorem gradum facere commissum, ut inf. 11. q. 3. praecipue. arg. inf. 25. q. 1. nulli. & 1. qo. 2. illud quidem.

¶Estote. CASUS. Praecipit hic Gregorius, ut episcopi promoveant mundos corpore, & provectiores aetate, & qui sunt moribus. comendati: nec potentia nec & supplicatio aliqua praevaleat, sed merita personarum.

d. ¶Graves. Sup. 24. dist. quando.

¶Veri ad sacros ordines. CASUS. Dicitur hic, quod pueri ad sacros ordines non sunt praepropere promovendi. Item dicit quod venalitate vel potentia vel supplicatione vel favore, non debet indignus aliquis promoveri. Seq. § cum seq. c. patet.

e. ¶Pueri. Pueri dicuntur intra xiiij. annum aetatis & qual. c. indecorum, vel pueri, i. Neophyti 1. 41. dist. sicut Neophytus.

f. ¶Ad sacros. Nam minores ante xiiij. annum bene possunt accipere, licet non omnes, & ita intelligatur 77. dist. c. 3. quia non acolythatum. 77. dist. in singulis. Tamen si puer ordinetur in sacris ordinibus, bene recipit characterem, secu?

g. ¶Quanto citius. Sup. dist. 48. sicut. nam casum appe? ut. &c. Gerendorum. n. honorum non promiscua facultas est. non ?

(Continuing canon C. CXX from p. 525.)

Latorem praesentium nostrum, ac vestrum filium ?, nobis vestra dilectio praesentavit, suggerens quemadmodum proficere in ecclesiastico ordine cupit, hortans, ut nos quoque ei aliqua intercessione subveniremus. Mandastis enim ut filium nostrum ?, qui apud nos est in ordine diaconatus, ad sacerdotium provehi faceremus. Sed quoniam pro hoc adimplendo non habet ille quae danda sunt: nec nos quae danda sunt, recipere debemus: ipse omnino contristatur, nos vero hoc facere non possumus.

ADDITIO.

In manuscriptis exemplaribus, et in editione Lugdunensi non habetur hoc capitulum.

Item Symmachus papa, in synodo Romana, c. 1.

Non itaque indecens videatur, si pro acquirenda dignitate pretium offeratur: qui ad eam ordinandi potestatem pertingere cupiunt, nullis suffragiis indigent, sed propria sibi morum probitate sufficiunt.

Item ex Concilio Toletano XI. c. 8.

Si quis episcoporum, presbyterorum, sive diaconorum, vel quicunque ex clero pecuniam pro adipiscendo gradu cuiquam dederit: tanquam Giezi & Simonis Magi calumnia condemnatus, gradu proprio decidat, atque ab omni ecclesiastico ordine alienus reddatur.

Quod autem dignitas ecclesiastica nullatenus pretio sit obtinenda, multis sacrorum canonum, et sanctorum patrum statutis edocemur. Sed quoniam ipsa lex divina hoc fieri penitus interdicit, lege quoque humana huiusmodi crimen reprimendum esse decernimus.

Iustinianus Imperator in Authent. ut Iudices sine quoquo suff. §. iuramus.

Iuramus per omnipotentem Deum, & filium eius unigenitum Dominum nostrum Iesum Christum, & per sanctum spiritum, & per sanctam gloriosam Dei genitricem, & semper virginem Mariam, & per quatuor evangelia, quae in manibus nostris tenemus, & per sanctos archangelos Michaelem & Gabrielem: puram conscientiam, syncerasque manus servaturos nos, et omnem operam datu-

a. ¶Latorem. Vel intercessione pacis Ecclesiae. Ar. infra 11. q. 3. illud.

¶Per intercessionem. Quasi diceret, si commendat hortando, & non ratione, & opere, hoc non displicet.

b. ¶Proficere. Id est, in ordine sacro promoveri.

ADDITIO.

¶Filium. CASUS. Mandastis nobis quod filium quendam de diaconatu ad sacerdotium promoveremus. Nostrum est, non eum debere promoveri quia non habet quod largiri debet, & nos accipere non debemus. Ideo & ipse contristatur, & nos non possumus complere mandatum vestrum.

c. ¶Mandastis. Verba haec ostendunt simoniam quoad rem datam: nam quaerebat aliquid recipere pro promotione ?.

d. ¶Non habet. Quasi diceret, illud ipse non potest, neque nos illud accipere.

¶Non itaque. CASUS. Hic Symmachus dicit non esse indecens, si pretium offeratur pro adipiscenda dignitate, ut intelligas, non aliter quam ut pacis ecclesiae intercessione: alioquin contradiceret tota series superior. Imo neque oportet ut tales offerant pretium, qui propriis meritis ad illas dignitates pertingunt.

e. ¶Ordinandi. Scilicet ? eos qui ? dignos sunt.

¶Si quis episcoporum. CASUS. In hoc c. dicitur, quod quicunque pro habendo ordine ecclesiastico pecuniam dederit, ordine, quem habet, privetur, & omnibus aliis ordinibus ecclesiasticis indignus iudicetur.

¶Iuramus. CASUS. Hic loquitur Iustinianus Imperator de iudicibus saecularibus, qui muneribus corrupti, iniustas sententias proferunt; quod iuxta canones est simonia. Ideo praecipit, ne quid omnino accipiant ab his quorum causas iudicant: sed annuum salarium habeant a republica, & inde se sustentent. Quae lex induci potest ad ecclesiasticos iudices, qui pro iudicio aliquid accipere non debent.

(Continuing canon C. CXXIII from p. 526.)

ros, ut nihil omnino accipiamus pro iudicando ab his, quorum causas iudicamus; neque a partibus, neque ab his qui de sua administratione gaudent: neque ipsi capientes, neque per interpositam personam, aut ullo machinamento: contenti nostris a sacro nostro fisco datis, sufficienter percipientes pro nostro labore: ut nullum gravamen nostri subditi, quorum etiam causas examinaverimus, sustineant occasione iudicii: sed sic agentes praesentem vitam transigamus, ut maioris iudicis sententiam reportaturi.

Vid. eod. tit. l. cum venalem. & §. tantum. l. iurare. ff. de albo scrib. l. 1.

§. 15. Hac etiam lege Iustinianus prohibet, ne aliquid pro iudicio recipiatur a iudicibus: sed pro hac specie crimen extortionis incidat, & se purget reus huiusmodi suspicione. Idem fere statuit sequenti capite, in quo prohibet ne aliquid recipiatur pro iudicii potestate.

Ex Codice Iustiniani de iudiciis l. nullus.

Nullus omnino iudicum a litigatoribus pretium aut praemium, suae iurisdictionis occasione, requirat aut sumat. Cum iudicandi licentia non venalis, sed gratuita esse debeat: sciat eum, qui contra hoc fecerit, perpetuo ecclesiastico, vel saeculari infamia esse damnandum.

Vide eod. titulo Cod. l. quicunque. & l. seq. & in Authent. de mandatis Principum. §. illud.

Item ex Codice de calumniatoribus, l. ne calumniis.

Qui autem propter calumnias, vel falsa testimonia praedicta facit, sacrilegus est: nam falsi crimen incurrit: et omnes huiusmodi crimine convicti gradibus dignitatum, & honorum decidunt.

Idem Imp. Codice de poena iudicum, qui male iudicaverunt.

Sunt proprie sacrilegi, qui falsam adulationem vel calumniam populi imitati, vel quolibet alio modo iuste damnatos contra ius opprimunt: vel innocentes per insidias plectunt: simul et qui ex usu et lege populi audire iura prohibentur: vel iudex esse postulare ne prohibentur, et nihilominus iudicantes, postulantes, conventos infames esse iubemus.

Vid. l. 1. ff. de proxim. sacri scrin. & l. nemo iudicum. C. de poena iudicum male iudic. & ff. de calumn. & ff. de his qui not. inf.

a. ¶Iudicamus. Hodie tamen aliquid licitum est accipi, ut puta sportulas, cibum, & similia, modicum nempe.

¶Quorum causas iudicamus. Argumentum quod salaria pro causis iudicandis dantur a republica, non a privatis litigatoribus, ut hic. & infra de iudic. l. cum venalem.

b. ¶Occasione iudicii. Id est ex aliqua exactione facta a iudice: ut puta quia litigantes coegit dare aliquid, ut iudicaret. ff. ad l. Iul. repet. l. 1.

c. ¶Reportaturus. Reportare est referre ad fructum: id est, in dispendium habere. infra l. prox. 12. q. 2. cum dec.

¶In cum. CASUS. Qui propter calumniam vel falsum testimonium aliquem suae causa calumniatur, vel iudici suo dat aliquid, ut cum debiti rite iudicantes infames sint, dabunt etiam quadruplum quod accepit, et postea in similibus causis utiliter audiri non possunt.

d. ¶Reportaturus. A principio, post haec iuravit, et fit per annum.

e. ¶Venalis. Item iurat per annum: et hoc fit a sportulis et clericis, ut ?.

f. ¶In quadruplum. In tantum, ut tantum triplum sit, & ipsa sors. infra ead. q. si. & hoc est verum cum tot dat: si vero unus daret pro eo, tunc totum dabit, ut ? ille qui dedit, repetit pecuniam. Si quis ab aliquo huius modi accepit, dabitur fisco: medietas vero accusatori.

g. ¶Sacrilegi. Non eis qui contra hoc faciunt, sed eis qui contra hoc statuit Imp., et sic iudicantibus poena infamiae, & sacrilegii imponitur.

g. ¶Ex usu. Id est, longa consuetudine, vel ratione officii ?.

f. ¶Qui autem. Quasi diceret: hi sunt sacrilegi qui calumniose aliquos in causis criminalibus vel civilibus opprimunt, ut ?.

g. ¶Infames. Vide ff. de his qui notantur. l. 1.

¶Sunt. CASUS. Qui per calumniam vel adulationem iuste damnatos liberat: vel innocentes opprimit, sacrilegus est: et qui propter aetatem vel sexum vel infamiam, audire iura prohibetur, & nihilominus iudicat, vel postulat, vel se constituit defensorem ? infamis est.

¶Sacrilegos. Sacrilegus est, qui sacra abstrahit, vel sacrum violat: quod fit etiam si pretium accipit pro iudicio, quia detrahit ipsi iudicio, quod sacrum est. ff. ad l. Iul. pec. l. 1.

(Continuing canon C. CXXV from p. 527.)

vel qui inde aliquid eripere conatus est: nec non illos, qui contra fas legesque facit, ne contributiones tribuantur, vel impediunt, vel impedire conantur, ab omni honore, et dignitate, et militia esse alienos, & infames esse iubemus.

Ex Cod. de iudicibus, l. iubemus.

Iubemus omnes iudices accusari posse, quos nostra sublimitas administrationi cuilibet praeposuit: ut Imperialibus mandatis perspectis facilius contineantur. Hortamur tamen accusatores, ut probatorum criminum rei reos non personali iniuria sed dignitate sua privatos faciant.

Vid. eod. tit. Cod. l. cum venalem. & ff. ad legem Iul. repet. & ad SC. Turpil. & ad l. Iul. de ambitu.

Item ex Cod. de assess.

Administrate, vel quibusvis officiis fungentibus damus licentiam accusandi eos, qui se in eorum administrationibus venalibus sententiis maculaverunt: nec sub praetextu honoris vel dignitatis impunita facinora relinquantur.

Vide eod. tit. Cod. & ff. ad l. Iul. de ambitu. & ff. de his qui not. inf.

Item ex eodem tit. de assess. lib. 3.

Si tibi adversus magistrum militiae aliquam iurisdictionem competere existimas: more solito eum in iudicium evocare ne prohibearis: nec officia eorum suos defensores tueri prohibere debent.

Vide eod. titulo Cod. l. 1. & l. seq.

a. ¶Iubemus. Si secundum hanc legem omnes iudices possunt accusari, multo magis iudices ecclesiastici: vel non, quia minora dignitas est, ut infra eod. q. omnes.

¶Iubemus omnes. CASUS. Praecipit Imperator omnes iudices, etiam dignitatis sublimioris, posse accusari: et hoc ut ad eos perveniat fama suae malitiae. Verumtamen non vult ut tales privati honoris ?.

b. ¶Quos. Hoc dicit ad hoc, ut etiam superiores iudices possent accusari, ar. de off. praet. de praef. praet. ff. de adv. de divers. iudic. ff. de offic. praef. praet. l. 1. & ext. de cohaer.

c. ¶Hortamur. Forte temperat, ne videatur quem iubere accusare invitum. C. ut nemo invitus. in rubro & nigro.

d. ¶Administrate. Si is talis sit, quem in iurisdictione ?.

¶Vt extra de immu. ecc. iter. & c. ult. 17. q. 4. omnes. & ca. seq. Arch.

¶Iubemus. CASUS. Dicitur in hoc c. quod habens sine administratione possessor alicuius decurio vel colonus reipub. ab aliquo iudice fuerit concussus, id est, gravatus in pecunia: item si iudex venale tulit sententiam: vel pretio poenam imposuerit vel remiserit: vel aliqua ratione improbus repertus fuerit, ante administrationem vel post poterit accusari: & si convictus fuerit removebitur.

a. ¶Iubemus. Ad hoc introducit has leges ut ostendat pari poena mulctandos qui pretio inducti impediunt fieri quod de iure fieri debet, & qui faciunt quod de iure fieri non deberet.

b. ¶Hortamur. Forte temperat, ne videatur quem iubere accusare invitum. C. ut nemo invitus. in rubro & nigro.

c. ¶Administrate. Si is talis sit, quem in iurisdictione vocare liceat. Sed contra 2. q. 1. prohibetur. Sol. illud de maioribus magistratibus: hoc de minoribus. Arg. ff. de iniur. nec magistratib. & ff. de in ius voc. l. 2. Vel hoc de perpetuo iudice. arg. ff. de re. cred. praesidis. & l. praecedenti. in auth. ut differentes iudices. §. si tamen. col. 9. Et hoc ne crimen eius inultum remaneat. Illud de temporali. Vel hic cum peccavit in ipsa administratione ? administratione commisit. auth. ut iud. sine quoquo suff.

d. ¶Reportaturus. Reportare, infra l. prox. 12. q. 2. cum dec.

¶In cum. CASUS. Qui per calumniam alicui causa calumniaretur cum iure facere teneretur, in quadruplum, postea in similibus ?.

e. ¶Vtilem. A principio: postea fit per annum.

f. ¶In quadruplum. In tantum, ut tantum triplum sit. §. si. Et hoc est verum cum tot daret pro eo, tunc totum ille qui dedit repetit pecuniam. Si quis ab aliquo huius modi accepit, dabitur fisco: medietas vero accusatori. Ad hoc C. de assess. l. 3.

g. ¶Competit. Non ei qui ?.

(Continuing canon C. CXXVIII from p. 528.)

tum, ut nostra clementia te innocentium auctorem cognoscat: ipsi quoque magistrorum officia in defendendis ministris suis assistere debent.

Vide tit. ff. de iurisdictione omnium iudicum.

PALEA.

Si quis pro accusatione vel iudicio aliquid acceperit: tanquam sacrilegus, et infamis, omnibus dignitatibus, et honoribus, et militia carere debet.

Item ex eodem titulo Codice.

Inter eos, qui propter calumniam in iudicio damnati infames sunt, et illos qui sine pretio iuste iudicantes nulla calumniae nota laborant, magna differentia est: cum iste sit innocens, ille noxius: hic absque crimine, ille reus iudicatus: cui sive accusare, sive iudicari, aut iudex esse postulare ne prohibetur.

β. ¶In Pandectis sequitur versiculus, Hac lege damnati reperiuntur in fine huius capitis.

a. ¶Innocentium. Id est, eorum qui sunt sine culpa: vel etiam eorum qui sunt accusati. Arg. infra eod. q. omnes.

¶PALEA.

¶Si quis pro accusatione. CASUS. Hic dicitur, quod qui pretio accusat, vel iudicat, infamis est et sacrilegus, et omni honore privatus.

b. ¶Pro iudicio. Vel pro accusatione: et tunc dicitur de calumniatore: vel pro iudicio, et tunc dicitur de iudice qui pretium accepit. ff. de iudic. l. 1. & l. 2. & ff. de calumn. & ff. de his qui not. inf.

¶Inter eos. CASUS. Magna est differentia inter eos qui ex calumnia damnati sunt, & eos qui sine pretio iuste iudicant: hi enim absque omni crimine sunt, illi vero reos esse iudicati. Et idcirco hi qui sine pretio iuste iudicaverunt, possunt accusare, & ad omnem dignitatem promoveri.

c. ¶Inter eos. Hic ostendit Imperator differentiam inter iudices: quia alii sunt qui propter calumniam damnati sunt; alii qui iuste iudicant: et hi quidem possunt accusare, iudicari, & iudices esse.

d. ¶Qui. Scilicet iudices: quia ut supra dictum est, infames sunt qui pretio iudicaverunt.

e. ¶Sive accusare. Id est, omnes actus iudiciarios licite exercere. ff. de iudic.

Causa 1, Question 1

(Continuing the preceding canon, from p. 466.)

Judas sold the Redeemer of all, and soon, hanged by a noose, he did not obtain that same grace of the Redeemer — and rightly so, since no one can keep what he has sold. Simon Magus too, when he wished to buy the same grace of the Holy Spirit, heard the sentence of damnation from Peter: “Let your money be with you unto perdition, because you thought the gift of God could be possessed for money.” Likewise the Lord, in order to show that buyers and sellers of this grace have no share in it, by grace let go all the sinners in the temple, but singling out the sellers and buyers for rebuke, drove them from the temple with whips — by which it is clear that his sellers and buyers were destitute and empty of the grace of the Holy Spirit. For whom Christ cast out of the temple, will the Spirit of Christ make for himself a temple?

Among the works of Blessed Gregory Nazianzen, many of which are extant in Greek and Latin, no such passage is found. Similar passages, however, occur in the letter of Tarasius to Hadrian.

a. Judas. But did Judas commit simony? Certainly. And indeed he committed plagium [man-stealing] in selling a free man — ff. ad leg. Flav. de plagi. l. 1. He also committed simony in that he sold a sacred thing. H. says that the Lord cannot sell his own servant [?].

b. Sold. Note that it says “sold”; and yet at the time this man [Giezi] demanded gifts, the other had already obtained the grace. And this is an argument against those who do not demand [payment] before the conferral of a benefice, but afterwards. Arg. 7. q. 1. eos; and q. 6. c. 3. si quis obiecerit. ff. de calum. l. 1. § qui autem. Yet some say that Giezi was condemned not for the sale but for the lie — which does not please me.

c. Your money. This is said in detestation of the crime. 1. q. 3. §. contra.

d. He let go. An argument that anyone, on account of mortal sin, was barred from entering the church. Ar. ne poe. dist. 5. qui sanctus sacerdos; 31. q. 4. vir cum propria. For the Lord cast out from the body of the church only the simoniacs, leaving the other sinners. Yet understand this of those who commit simony in an order they have received: though the authority appears to speak generally. Whence, say with Baz. and M. that neither such a simoniac nor a public fornicator ought to enter the church before doing penance. I noted on this matter at 33. q. 4. ut cum propria. Joh., however, says (as he has often answered me) that any sinner, even one excommunicated, may pray, provided he is not present at divine offices, since this is not found to be prohibited — extra de sen. exc. cum nuper. —H.

From the same Gregory.

Whoever sell or buy holy orders cannot be priests. Whence it is written: “Anathema to the giver, anathema to the receiver; this is the simoniacal heresy.” How then, if they are anathema, and are not holy, can they sanctify others? And since they are not in the body of Christ, how can they hand on or receive the body of Christ? How can he who is cursed bless?

Deusdedit in his treatise Contra Symoniacos reports this from the letter of Pope Paschal II to the Milanese.

e. Whoever. Casus. It is said here that simoniacs cannot be promoted, whether giving or receiving. For both givers and receivers are simoniacs; and since they are accursed, they cannot bless others; for they are reconciled [only] through penance. Though one acquired [a benefice] for money, he nevertheless was unwilling to bestow anything by means of money, and [suffer] his penalty in effect [?].

f. Whence it is written. He who has received an order for a price, and the order receives a price in order to be ordained, receives something which it does not call for [?]. When he receives the price, and § ca. et post tantum.

g. Heresy. Thus Christ said: simony is heresy. —H.

h. To hand on the body of Christ. [?]

The same Gregory to Syagrius and other bishops, bk. 7, ep. 110.

Since it is clear that this heresy crept in before all others from a pestilential root, and was at its very origin condemned by apostolic anathema; why is it not guarded against? Why is it not weighed that the blessing turns into a curse for him who is promoted in order to become a heretic?

α. All. Earlier the reading was “all things” (omnia), but the reading “all” (omnes) seems more connected — it has been restored from some manuscripts and from the original itself.

i. Before all. Contra: de cons. dist. [?] — this is true after the resurrection, as for all other things.

k. Origin. Note that he says “origin”; this is true [?].

The same Ambrose, De ministeriisor De dignitate sacerdotali, ch. 5.

When the bishop was being ordained, what he gave was gold; what he lost was his soul: when he ordained another, what he received was money; what he gave was leprosy a.

The same, in the same work.

When you were being ordained, you did not receive grace; because you did not earn it gratuitously b.

The same, bk. 4, on Luke ch. 4.

Quickly does leprosy follow the shameful reward, and money ill-gotten defiles the body and the mind. And a little later. You see how the heir’s succession is condemned by the author’s deed. For the guilt of the sold mystery† is inexpiable c, and the heavenly vengeance of grace passes to posterity. Finally the Moabite d and the rest shall not enter the church until the third e and fourth generation; that is to say (to interpret more simply), so long, until the succession of multiple f generations should wipe out the guilt of the authors. But since those who fell into the error of idolatry against God seem to have been punished only to the fourth g α generation, the sentence by which the seed of Giezi is prolonged unto eternity appears even harsher h.

a. When he was being ordained. It was leprosy. That is, he rendered himself infected with the wound of sin.

b. Grace. You did not earn. Ar. 21. q. 4. c. 1.

Quickly. Casus. There is touched on here what is said in the fourth book of Kings: that Naaman the Syrian, after being cleansed of leprosy by Elisha, departed; but Giezi, Elisha’s servant, seeing that the Lord [Elisha] had taken nothing from him, secretly followed him saying that two sons of the prophets had come to his lord, and that Elisha commanded him to send him a talent of silver and two changes of garments; which when he had sent them, Giezi received them and hid them. Then, while he later stood before his lord, Elisha said to him: “Whence comest thou?” He replied, “Thy servant went nowhere.” But the other said, “My heart was present. Now you have received the silver and the garments, and the leprosy of Naaman shall cleave to you and to your seed forever,” and he went out from him a leper as white as snow.

c. Is inexpiable. As regards the exercise of the order: or say that it is said in detestation of the crime, and as the guilt of discord, which perhaps is not purged even by suffering — as above, dist. 90. neq; ad Cain: or because he repents up to the moment of death, below in the same, si quis.

† al. ministerii.

Finally. Casus. It is said also that the Ammonites and Moabites, who descended from the sons of Lot, withstood the children of Israel coming out of Egypt, because of the idolatry into which they led them, and therefore were forbidden to enter the church until the third and fourth generation. The point of this canon, then, tends to prove in summary that the crime of simony is graver than the crime of idolatry. For the crime of idolatry is punished only to the third and fourth generation; though the crime of idolatry [?] is forbidden to enter the church in the third and fourth generation, the seed of simoniacs is punished forever. “Seed” is mystically understood in the succession of vices, and not in the succession of birth, as is taken there: “You are in part born of the devil.” And simoniacs and Giezites are here broadly understood to mean all the covetous and all the greedy. And you may first set out the case and then narrate the history, or vice versa.

d. ¶Moabites. These were Moabites and Ammonites; and when the children of Israel were returning from the Egyptian captivity and these people knew they were threatening the church, they went out to meet them with bread without pores [i.e., without yeast], bringing along with them Balaam the soothsayer to curse them; on account of which sin the Lord commanded that they should not be made proselytes [?] nor be received into the church of God until the seventh generation — although by another translation it is said until the tenth. But they do not contradict each other: for those descending in the male line were not received until the seventh; in the female line, until the tenth. But the Hebrew said that to receive them into the church of God meant nothing other than to give them their daughters in marriage. The history of those Moabites is at 35. dist. capitu. sexto die.

e. ¶Unto the third. That is, unless they have the faith of the Trinity and the four kinds of virtues, or [the faith] of the four Gospels.

f. ¶Multiple. Argument that guilt or fraud is purged by the passage of time, as at 2. q. 1. in primis. 35. q. 8. de gradibus. ff. de hae. uel ac. uen. l. venditor. ff. de ac. et ob. is qui. extra de toto. extra qui ma. acq. pos. insuper. Argument to the contrary: j. ead. centum. ff. depo. l. 1. § si tem. ff. de cond. fur. l. qui furtum. and l. ulti. But the truth of the matter is that, although it cannot be purged by passage of time as regards the present case, it is purged through the dispensation of the church, as at 23. q. 4. ipsa pietas. uersi. est enim. Whence the verses: “Composito lacte foetenti quaeso cibare, / Qui putat exclusum crimen per temporis usum” [“I beg you, feed with mixed milk him who stinks, who thinks a crime is dismissed by the lapse of time”]. De consue. cap. quanto. in gl. solam consuetudinem.

g. ¶Unto the fourth. Here Ambrose is not following [the standard] interpretation, but that of the Seventy translators. Or say that he is referring here to the mystical sense, that is, until they have the faith of the Trinity and of the four Gospels.

h. ¶Harsher. And who doubts that what is more harshly avenged was more wickedly committed, as below 24. q. 1. non affe [?] ramus in si. quod perpetuum est — although also the killing of one’s own wife is punished more gravely (as at J. 33. q. 2. admonere) than matricide, 33. q. 2. latorem. Yet that is a special provision made on account of a frequent occurrence, and to curb the husband’s ready malice against his wife. Such things (since they are special) ought not to be drawn into consequence. Joh., as at 27. q. 1. nuptiarum and dist. 27. si vir.

(Continuing canon C. XVI from p. 468.)

[is prolonged] by the greed of possessing — [which sentence] is condemned by prophetic authority (especially a since our Lord Jesus Christ has by the laver b of regeneration given to all the remission of sins) — unless you understand “seed” to mean rather [the seed] of vices c than of birth. For just as those who are sons of the promise are reckoned as good seed, so too those who are sons of error are reckoned as evil seed. For the Jews too are from the devil their father — not, of course, by succession of the flesh, but of crime. Therefore all the covetous, all the greedy, possess Giezi’s leprosy along with their wealth, and from their ill-gotten gain have gathered up not so much a patrimony of property as a treasury of crimes, for eternal punishment and a brief enjoyment.

α. ¶Unto the fourth. Earlier it was read “to the third and fourth”: but the word “third” is absent both from Blessed Ambrose and from one ancient codex of Gratian. Now in Deuteronomy 23, the sons of the Edomites and the Egyptians are indeed permitted to enter the church of the Lord in the third generation, but of the Moabites it is written thus: “The Ammonite and the Moabite shall not enter the church of the Lord, even after the tenth generation, forever.”

β. ¶Of sins. There followed: “Why then is the seed of Giezi condemned forever?” — which is not found in Blessed Ambrose.

§ 2. Therefore since by the authority of Pope Leo simoniacs receive nothing but the spirit of lying, and according to Gregory among simoniacs the priesthood does not subsist γ, their blessing is turned into a curse, with them remains the anathema of giver and receiver — since they are not holy, nor are they set within the body of Christ, since they are accursed; they cannot sanctify others, nor hand on or receive the body of Christ, nor have power to bless others; and according to †Ambrose they are condemned with the reproach of anathema and are cut off from participation in the body and blood of Christ, since gold is received and leprosy given; since the guilt of the sold mystery is inexpiable†. According to the Council of Chalcedon they are pronounced to gain nothing by such ordination; according to Gelasius they are entangled in the condemnation of Simon; according to Gregory Nazianzen they cannot by any means remain in sacred orders, or be reordained: by Elisha they are sprinkled with leprosy, by Peter condemned unto perdition, by Christ cast out of the temple — what else can a simoniac in his ordination confer upon a simoniac, except what Innocent testifies concerning other heretics, saying, in letter eighteen to Alexander, c. 3?

γ. ¶Does not subsist. Simoniacs do indeed receive the character, but they are suspended ipso facto. Thus in respect of its use it may truly be said that their priesthood does not subsist; and accordingly Blessed Gregory, in bk. 10, ep. 33, writing to Bishop Victor, very rightly calls a simoniacal ordination unlawful and lacking effect.

Those who have lost the perfection of the Spirit which they had received cannot give the fullness d of it (which operates most of all in ordinations) which they have lost through their faithlessness. And again. He who did not have the honor could not give the honor; nor did he receive anything, since there was nothing in [him by which he could]

a. ¶Especially. It refers to what had been said [in the word] harsher: or the line begins there, and refers to the following text (namely, why then in the name of Christ) — why then by the laver [?].

b. ¶By the laver. Without which no one has eternal life, unless one has been baptized by blood for the name of Christ, as at 15. q. 1. c. firmissime and de confec. dist. 4. cap. firmissime.

c. ¶Unless of vices. He argues sophistically: for the same holds in the case of idolatry; but in the preceding he considers only the literal sense.

Therefore. This is the second part of the question, in which he covertly raises the case of those ordained by heretics (that is, outside the form of the church) and says that such are not received except unto damnation. Joh. de Faventia [?]. Casus. Gratian now concludes from nearly all the foregoing chapters, saying that simoniacs, according to Leo, receive nothing but the spirit of lying; and since according to Gregory among them the priesthood does not subsist, and since their blessing is turned into a curse, etc., a simoniac can confer nothing else upon a simoniac [?] [than] a heretic upon a heretic.

¶Those who the perfection. Casus. This is understood of those who were ordained in the catholic church but afterward lapse into heresy: and so they lost the grace of the Holy Spirit which they had received (which operates most of all in orders). Since therefore they do not have it, they cannot give it; because he who does not have the honor cannot give it to another: but he will give the damnation which he has along with the true order.

d. ¶Fullness. That is, the exercise of the order. Here the Master inserts [a treatment] on the orders of heretics, no. 1. But whatever Joh. de Faventia [?] and others said on this matter [?].

†al. nisi vero vitiorum.

(Continuing canon C. XVII from p. 469.)

[from which he could] give it: but the damnation that he had, he gave through his depraved imposition of hands.

In this chapter the actual words of Innocent are not directly given; these are however given partly below in the same canon at Arrianum, and partly in the chapter that immediately follows, Ventum est, in the verse Sed e contra ratio.

The same to Rufus and other bishops, ep. 22, ch. 3.

We have come a to the third question, which on account of its difficulty† b requires a longer discussion. While we say that one ordained by heretics has been wounded c through that imposition of hands and bears a wound on the head d, where the wound e is inflicted, medicine f must be applied by which he can regain his health†. The healing that follows the wound cannot be g without a scar; and where the remedy of penance is necessary, there we judge that the honor of ordination can have h no place. For if, as it is read, “whatever an unclean person shall touch shall be unclean,” how shall there be granted to him i what cleanness and purity are accustomed to receive? ¶But on the other hand it is asserted that he who has lost the honor cannot give the honor, nor did that man receive k anything, since there was nothing in the giver that the other could receive. We acquiesce, and it is certainly true, because what he did not have, he could not give. But the damnation he did have, he gave through the depraved imposition of hands; and he who has become a partaker with the damned man, how should he [be saved?] ...

(Continuation of the gloss on §3 from p. 469, beginning of left margin.) [...] said, the position to be held is that any bishop, whether catholic or heretic, whether in the church or outside it, who confers the order — provided that he confers it according to the form of the church — the one ordained receives the order, although he does not receive the exercise of the order. Likewise that those so ordained ordain others, and so on to infinity, as at J. ea. quod quidam. 9. q. 1. ordinationes. I say the same about consecrating the body of Christ: J. ea. dominus declarauit. § c. non nocet. infra de confe. distin. 4. non in nobis. So the beginning of the chapter speaks of those who received the order in the form of the church. The second part [speaks] of those [who received it] outside the form: those receive nothing, nor do they confer anything, since no one can give [what he does not have], etc., as above ch. 1 and below at q. 7. Daibertum.

Addition. Laurentius says that many lies have been written about heretics of this sort, and uselessly. Joh. de Faventia and Goffredus say that a heretic, who receives the last imposition of hands outside the church, does not confer it, but confounds them. J. ead. q. 7. conuenientibus. Archid.

¶We have come. Casus. The Macedonian bishops put three questions to Innocent. The first was whether one who married a widow could be promoted, or if already promoted, ought to be deposed. The second was whether one should be called a bigamist who, before baptism, had one wife and, after baptism, another; the explication of which is given above at 34. dist. si quis viduam and 26. dist. deinde opponitur. He comes in this chapter to the third, which is namely whether those returning from the heretics, who were ordained among them, are to be admitted to orders among us. And he responds that they are not: because in reconciliation a penance is imposed upon them, after which a certain scar remains, that is, irregularity, which bars them from promotion. But this is objected to in two ways: if a heretic ordained someone — [a heretic] who had lost the honor — he conferred nothing on the one ordained; therefore [it is the same as if] he were ordained by catholics, just as if he had never been ordained. But Innocent replies that this is false, because he received condemnation, and that does not impede him from being promoted. Secondly, it is objected: if he incurs any stain from heretical ordination, that is wiped away by canonical ordination. And he replies that this is false: for if it were so, he would do penance for nothing, but would simply proceed to ordination, where all crimes are wiped away. From the custom of the Roman church, therefore, those coming from the heretics are admitted only to lay communion and not to the clergy. Three questions are here set, one principal and two incidental, and to all he answers sufficiently.

¶We have come. For three Macedonian bishops, to whom Innocent writes, had among other things asked questions. The first was whether one who married a widow could be promoted; or if already made a cleric, ought to be deposed on that account? Its determination is given at s. dist. 34. si quis viduam. The second was whether one should be called a bigamist who had one wife before baptism and another after baptism — its determination is given at [?]

†al. Pro sui difficultate.

c. ¶Wounded. That is, with the capital and sacramental dignity wounded along with the damnation received.

d. ¶Head. That is, the soul wounded by the stain of guilt — and “head” stands for the man, de confec. dist. 5. de tales.

e. ¶Wound. ¶Where the evil falls, there let him die — and q. 4. peccaveris.

f. ¶Medicine. This seems to be expounded thus: that is, the sacrament in such persons must be set aside. J. ea. q. vij. per illicitum — for this seems to be understood when this [remedy] has been omitted. Arg. 1. q. vij. Daibertum, where this is introduced.

g. ¶Be a scar. J. quae? — and even if they do penance, nevertheless the irregularity remains, which is not abolished by penance, as at 25. dist. primum. and 50. dist. illud. and 1. dist. 7. si quis omnino habere. J. infra 23. q. 4. ipsa pietas contra. But you may distinguish: [the strict rule applies] to catholics who could fall into heresy; here [we speak] of those who received the imposition of hands from heretics [?]. Or this [is by] strictness, that [other] by mercy.

h. ¶How shall it be granted to him. Argument that a wife is not bound to render the marital debt to a leprous husband. Arg. s. 12. q. 7. omnes. and q. 5. si quis uxorem. See on whose word one is to stand: extra de coniug. lepro. cap. 1. et 2.

i. ¶Received. Otherwise to receive, and supply: and therefore not to hurt him as regards being ordained, because what is nothing can also constitute an impediment, as at extra de iure pa. qui in fi. But this is false: extra de spon. c. ad audiendum.Damnation. J. ea. ea. damnation: that which he had to his hurt, he gave to the hurt of another by giving; and so was made a partaker of the damnation. J. ea. q. 7. si quis. J. ead. q. 4. § cum venita de confe. dist. 4. ab antiquo.

(Continuing canon C. XVIII from p. 470.)

receive honor, I cannot discover. But it is said b that the true and just blessing c of a legitimate priest takes away every vice which had been imposed by a vicious one. Therefore if it is so, let sacrilegious persons, adulterers, and those guilty of every kind of crime be brought forward for ordination — since by the blessing of ordination crimes or vices are thought to be taken away; let there be no place for penance, since ordination can supply what a long satisfaction is wont to supply. But the law e of our d church is, for those coming from the heretics who were nonetheless baptized there, to grant by the imposition of hands f lay communion only, and not to substitute any of these into the honor of the clergy, even g the least.

§ 3. But it is objected: other heretics deviate from the faith; but the simoniacs, although they consider the grace of the Holy Spirit a thing for sale, nevertheless are not strangers to the faith; and therefore what is decreed by Innocent concerning the other heretics cannot consequently be understood of these. To this h it is answered thus: simoniacs, even if they seem to hold the faith, are nonetheless subject to the perdition of infidelity.

Whence Blessed Ambrose, in book 2 of On Penance, ch. 4, writes against the Novatians, saying.

Peter said to Simon, who, depraved i by his familiarity with the magic art, thought that he could obtain the grace of Christ by the imposition k of hands and the infusion of the Holy Spirit for money: “You have no part nor lot in this faith a l: because your heart is not right with God, &c.” Do you see that he condemns this man, blaspheming with magical vanity against the Holy Spirit, by apostolic authority — and all the more, because he did not have a pure conscience m of faith n?

“In this faith.” The Vulgate edition has in sermone isto, Greek [?].

The same Gregory, bk. 9, 53, to King Theodoric.

Since all greed o [is the servitude of idols]

a. Cannot. By strict law: for by dispensation I can. Infra ea. q. ult. convenientibus.

b. But it is said. That is, “it is objected.” And this was the second objection that was put to Innocent. The first was at Sed contra.

c. Blessing. Which is given when one returning from heretics is reconciled to the church. Or, that [blessing] which according to those against whom Innocent here argues is given when those returning to the church are ordained again, or whenever anyone is ordained. —H.

d. But of our. Namely, of the Western. This is the third reason.

e. Law. That is, “custom.” C. de man. li. l. 1. Elsewhere it is put for “rule”: J. ea. q. 7. c. 2. Elsewhere for “principle”: j. dist. consuetudo. Elsewhere for “canon”: 5. dist. 31. Nicaena 1.

f. By the imposition of hands. That is to say, not only those who were ordained by heretics cannot have honor in the church, but also those who were only baptized among them, in such a way that they have not been ordained, as at J. ead. q. 7. qui in qualibet.

g. Even the least. It is otherwise in the eastern church, which reforms them by the unction of chrism, as at J. de cons. dist. 4. ab antiqua. J. ca. q. 4. placuit, contra. But there [the discussion is] of infants; here of adults and persons of discretion, de consec. dist. 4. c. sicut 2.

But it is objected. This is the third part of the question, in which it is said that simoniacs do not seem to be in the same case as heretics: and he replies that they are the same, since simoniacs are infidels: and he proves this by four authorities. Joh. de Faventia. Casus. It was said above in §. quia and in the following chapter that simoniacs are compared with heretics; Gratian now objects, saying: heretics do not have the faith, but the simoniacs do — even though they consider the grace of the Holy Spirit a thing for sale; and what is said in the chapter qui perfectionem cannot be understood of heretics. To this he answers, saying that simoniacs, although they appear to have the faith, are nonetheless subject to infidelity, which is proved by the following chapter.

h. To these. [Things] said by him. For he is putting an objection to himself on account of the comparison between simoniacs and heretics in §. quia at the end. And so by alternation he proceeds as far as §. constat ergo.

Peter. Casus. It appears from the history, which is this. It is read in the Acts of the Apostles that when Simon Magus, recently converted to the faith, saw the sick being healed by Peter’s shadow, in order to sell this gift to others at a higher price, he wished to buy it from Peter, and offered him money — whom Peter condemned saying: “Your money be with you unto perdition, because you have thought,” &c. And therefore, since his heart was not right with God, he condemned him. The following chapter is plain.

i. Depraved. Similarly the chapter says of Saul, that depraved by the cause of his sin, he resorted to that for which he was condemned. 26. quaestio. 5. nec mirum, past the middle.

k. By the imposition. Namely, so that on whomsoever he imposed his hand, he should receive the Holy Spirit, and the Holy Spirit should be infused into him.

l. In this faith. Namely, our catholic [faith]: but in the Acts of the Apostles it is written “in this word,” as at J. ead. eos qui. Whence it can be said “in your faith,” that is, in what you believe yourself to obtain — namely, that for money the Holy Spirit be infused [?]. This is to Gratian’s purpose: for he says, “you have no part in this faith,” and so [he is] an infidel, therefore a heretic. And thus understand the following chapter, &c.

m. Pure conscience. Which has also passed into act. So understand de pe. dist. 1. cap. si cui etiam non contingat.

n. Of faith. And in this it bears on his point.

o. Since all greed. Greed is called specially “servitude of idols” because the greedy man pays reverence to money as if to God. J. 11. q. 3. pauper.

(Continuing canon C. XX from p. 471.)

is the servitude of idols a, whoever does not vigilantly guard against it — and most of all in conferring ecclesiastical honors — is subjected b to the perdition of infidelity c, even if he appears to hold the faith which he neglects α.

α. ¶Which he neglects. So it is amended from the manuscript copies and the original. For in the printed editions it was read: fidem verbis, quam negat facto, videatur [“he appears to hold the faith in words which he denies in deed”].

From the letter of Tarasius, bishop of Constantinople, sent to Pope Hadrian.

Those who have imposed hands for money, or have received the imposition of hands [for money], Peter the divine d Apostle (whose chair perhaps you usurp [?]) deposes as a Simon Magus. And further below. ¶For the impious heresy of Macedonius and those e who are around him, the impugners of the Holy Spirit, is more tolerable. For they, in their madness, declare the Holy Spirit to be a creature and a servant of God the Father and the Son: but these make f the same Spirit their own servant. For every master sells, if he wishes g, what he has — whether a servant or any other of his possessions. Likewise too the one who buys, wishing to be master of what he has bought, acquires it by paying a price in money h. So too those who perform this iniquitous action drag down i the Holy Spirit, sinning on a par with those who blasphemed, saying that Christ cast out demons by Beelzebub; or to speak more truly, they are to be compared k to Judas the traitor, who sold Christ to the Jews, the murderers of God. Since therefore the Holy Spirit is consubstantial with Christ, they will be of altogether the same portion. And without doubt the grace of the Holy Spirit — that is, the holiness of the priesthood — is not in them. For what they did not receive, they do not have. For Peter said to Simon: [“You have no part nor lot in this word, because you thought the gift of God could be possessed for money.”] And further below. ¶For the twenty-ninth canon of the holy l Apostles, and their Acts, and the third m and fourth n book of Kings, declare him to be wholly alien from the priesthood who shall at any time have given or received money, whether before the imposition of hands, or at the very imposition

a. ¶Of idols. Arg. 6. q. 1. quaero.

b. ¶Perdition. And so he is a heretic, according to Gratian’s argument.

c. ¶Is subjected. He is rather so called than is so in fact. J. 24. q. 2. sane. Et infra 22. q. 5. cavere. 8. q. 1. sciendum. Infra 23. q. 4. forte. Joh.

Those. Casus. Just as Blessed Peter condemned Simon, so he not undeservedly condemns and deposes all simoniacs; which is proved by six reasons. The first is that they are worse than the Macedonians, who say that the Holy Spirit is a servant of the Father and the Son [?]: these make him a servant, because they sell him. The second, that a master sells what he has, if he wishes. But God does not have the Holy Spirit [?], but is himself the Holy Spirit. The third, that they detract from the Holy Spirit, just as the Jews said that the works which Christ did were done by Beelzebub. The fourth, that they are compared with Judas, and are worse than he, because Judas gave over Christ without beginning him [?], but these the Holy Spirit, who is consubstantial with Christ. The fifth, because they do not have the Holy Spirit, as is plain from the authority of Peter: “You have no part,” &c. The sixth, that the twenty-ninth canon of the holy Apostles, and the third and fourth book of Kings, forbid simoniacs to remain in the priesthood.

d. ¶Divine. Taken in a good sense as referring to deity, or from divinity, as above at 38. distinct. omnes. distinct. omnes — not from divination, as below in the same, nunquam.

e. ¶And those. That is, his followers.

f. ¶They make. Namely, so far as in them lies, just as is settled concerning buying and selling, below in the same cause, q. 3. salvator. —B.

Addition. 49. distin. c. ult. de consec. dist. 4. c. quaris. Inf. ead. iudices. Arch.

g. ¶If he wishes. Nothing is so consonant, etc. insti. de rerum div. § per traditionem. C. de contrah. emp. dudum. at the end — unless the law forbids the sale. extra de iure patronatus. de iure. C. de reb. alien. l. ulti. Indeed, sometimes one is even compelled to sell. C. de communi ser. ma. l. 1. ff. de reli. si quis sepulchrum. and ff. communi divi. l. 1. § ult. emere autem non compellitur quis. C. de iure delib. nec emere. arg. C. de don. sancimus.

h. ¶Money. For the price consists in counted money, as at institu. de emp. et ven. § item pretium. arg. extra de re. permu. ad quaestiones. For where one thing is given for another in kind, it is barter. ff. de contrah. emp. l. 1. But here “purchase” is taken broadly, and likewise “money,” as below at q. 3. per totum.

i. ¶Drag down. For just as the Jews attributed to the devil the working of miracles which were done by the Holy Spirit, so these acquire for themselves through the devil the orders, which are gifts of the Holy Spirit.

k. ¶Since therefore. Better to say “for since,” &c., according to what follows in the text.

l. ¶Canon of the holy. Which runs thus: If any bishop, priest, or deacon obtains his dignity through money, both he and his ordainer are in every way to be cut off from communion, like Simon Magus from Peter. This bears on the matter at infra. quaest. 3. si quis episcopus, and at the final chapter.

m. ¶And the third. Where Jeroboam is spoken of, who filled the hand of whomever wished, and he became a priest of the high places; and for this cause the house of Jeroboam sinned, and was overturned and wiped from the face of the earth.

n. ¶And the fourth. Where Giezi is treated.

(Continuing canon C. XXI from p. 472.)

of hands, or after. For to receive a is to receive at any time whatsoever.

¶This chapter is part of the letter of Tarasius to Hadrian. But in some places the order of the words has been altered, and a certain summarizing applied — as is also the case in Anselm. The complete text is preserved in manuscript after the seventh synod in the Vatican library, and in Greek codices of that synod, and in Latin in the version of Anastasius Bibliothecarius. It is also extant in print in Latin in Balsamon. But in that version — whether the interpreter’s, or the exemplar he followed — Gratian inserted a scandalous error. For where Tarasius wonderfully praises Hadrian, the translator introduces him as rebuking with these words, fraterna ergo vestra sacerdotalis sanctitas, quae non iure, nec ex Dei voluntate pontificale ministrat, magna laborat infamia [“Therefore your brotherly priestly sanctity, which ministers pontifically not by right nor by the will of God, labors under great infamy”]; which is manifestly at odds with many other words that immediately follow, in which he calls him a holy man of the Spirit and uses other illustrious titles. The Greek copies of the Vatican, of the seventh synod, and of Balsamon himself have the correct text. It therefore seemed necessary to present the earlier part of the letter in Greek with a new version. The rest may be sought from the printed Balsamon.

The Greek original of Tarasius’s letter to Pope Hadrian, English content rendered:

To the most holy and most blessed brother and fellow-minister in all things, the lord Hadrian, Pope of elder Rome.

Tarasius, unworthy bishop of Constantinople, in the Lord, greeting.

In many parts and in many ways we are taught — by the Gospel, by the Apostles, and by the Fathers — in the sanctity of the priesthood neither to take gold or silver nor to claim anything for ourselves at the ordination of any priestly man, as we shall show in the citations set forth in order from divine Scriptures and from the teachings of the Fathers. For those who lay on hands are ministers of the Spirit, not vendors [?] of the Spirit. For having received the grace of the Spirit freely, they have declared from the word of the Lord that it must be given freely to those who receive it from them, having received this liberty from his very voice. But if anyone be convicted of having bought this for gold, [the canons] proclaim such a person cast out of the priestly order †; and even though in name he has obtained the priesthood, the word does not lie [?] as to the reality. For no one can serve God and mammon, as we have learned from the Gospel. And since we have heard God prophetically crying out, [“Priests, speak to the heart of Jerusalem,”] and again threatening [?] and saying, [“If the watchman sees the sword coming and does not sound the trumpet, and the people do not guard themselves, and the sword comes and takes a soul from them, the blood I will require from the watchman’s hand,”] from fear of the condemnation that hangs over silence, we declare to all the heads of churches under us — so that with boldness we may say after the divine Apostle, “We are clean from the blood” of those who transgress the canonical decrees, and much more of those who have ordained or been ordained for money — since Peter the divine Apostle, whose chair has fallen to your brotherly holiness, deposed such as a Simon Magus. For this reason we do not shrink from declaring [the truth] ...

Marginal text-critical note: † τάξεως.

a. ¶To receive. Argument that in elections and alienations, in order for them to be firm, [they should] be made by consent following [?], just as by prior [consent]. Infra 29. q. 1. § his ita. Infra 16. q. 1. c. ulti. and 7. q. [1.] cap. decimas, etc., and cap. ecclesiae, extra de iurepatura pastoralis. Argument to the contrary at 24. distin. cap. ult.

a. ¶To receive. Likewise also “to hinder” — and it is “to hinder at any time” [?], as below in the same, q. 3. Salvator and ca. si quis episcopus praebendas, and c. si quis obiecerit, and ff. de calum. l. 1. § quod autem. And therefore he is a simoniac who, on account of an order or a benefice conferred, gives any gift, as I said of Giezi, above in the same, qui studet. Joh.

Continuation of Tarasius’s letter to Pope Hadrian, begun on p. 473. The Greek original and a 16th-century Latin translation appear together; rendered once in English here.

... [the truth], keeping and holding fast what was canonically handed down by the holy and all-praiseworthy Apostles and by our renowned fathers. And if any of these things has been violated by anyone, we detest it. Your brotherly holiness, then, fitting to the supreme priesthood — having lawfully and rightly, according to the will of God, presided over the priestly sanctity — has attained celebrated glory. For Christ our God, the first and great High Priest, said through the prophet, [“As I live, those who glorify me, I will glorify.”] For you know well, O man whose desires are of the Spirit, that the impious heresy of Macedonius and those of his party, the impugners of the Holy Spirit, is far more tolerable. For while they in their nonsense declare the Holy Spirit a creature and a servant of God the Father, these — as they think — make him their own servant. For every master, whatever he possesses, sells if he wishes, whether a slave or any other of his possessions. Likewise too the buyer, wishing to be lord of what he buys, acquires it through a price of silver. Thus those who perform this lawless deed drag down the Holy Spirit, sinning equally with those who blasphemously said that Christ cast out demons by Beelzebub; or, to speak more truly, they are like Judas the traitor, who sold the Lord to the God-slaying Jews for a price of silver. Since therefore the Holy Spirit is consubstantial with Christ our God, it is altogether clear that they will be of the same portion, as has been shown. But if [the Spirit] is not sold — as plainly he is not — undoubtedly the grace of the Holy Spirit, that is, the holiness of the priesthood, is not in them; and what they did not receive, they do not have. Let them recall the holy Peter saying thus to him who attempted this [?]: [“You have no part nor lot in the word.”] For if the dignity of the priesthood is sold, then for them the noble manner of life and the conduct in purity and virtue are superfluous; for them too the divine Apostle Paul is superfluous, who teaches that the bishop must be without reproach, temperate, modest, apt to teach, continent, sober, holding fast to the faithful word according to the doctrine, that he may be able both to exhort in sound teaching and to refute those who contradict. All these things, then, are lost from the seller and the buyer of the priesthood. The holy authorities cited below, therefore, declare wholly alien from the priesthood the one who has at any time given or received [money] — whether before the ordination, in the ordination, or after the ordination. For to receive is to receive at any time. They also reject all ecclesiastical promotions † [in which] money has been given.

Marginal text-critical notes alongside this column: † εἴτουν; † ἄρε σιν.

The Latin translation of Tarasius’s letter prepared by the 16th-century editors follows; its content is rendered once above, beginning here at the salutation:

To our brother and fellow-minister, the most holy and most blessed in all things, the lord Hadrian, Pope of old Rome,

Tarasius, unworthy bishop of Constantinople, the new Rome, greeting in the Lord.

In manifold and various ways we are taught from the Gospel, and from the precepts of the Apostles and the fathers, to maintain in the sanctification of the priesthood a conduct far removed from greed; and at the ordination of no priestly man to accept gold or silver, nor to claim anything else for ourselves — which the sentences set forth below from the divine Scriptures and from the teachings of the fathers will demonstrate. For those who lay on hands are ministers ...

(Continuing C. XXI from p. 474; Tarasius’s letter to Pope Hadrian in the 16th-century editors’ Latin translation. Content rendered:)

[For those who lay on hands are] ministers, by the voice of the Lord, having received this very freedom and power — so that if anyone is convicted of having bought it with gold, [the canons] pronounce him fallen from the priestly order. Though he has obtained the name of “priest,” it is proved by the very thing itself that this title is falsely conferred upon him. For no one can serve God and mammon, as we have learned from the Gospel. And since we have heard God crying out through the mouth of the prophet, [“Priests, speak to the heart of Jerusalem,”] and again threatening and saying, [“If the watchman sees the sword coming and does not sound the trumpet, and the people do not guard themselves, and the sword comes and takes a soul from them; he himself is indeed caught in his iniquity, but his blood I will require from the watchman’s hand,”] from the fear of this condemnation which threatens through silence, we make announcement to all the heads of the churches that are among us; so that, with confidence imitating the divine Apostle, we may say: “We are clean of the blood” of those who transgress the canonical constitutions, and far more of those who have ordained or have been ordained for money — since Peter the divine Apostle, whose chair your brotherly sanctity also has obtained, deposed these as a Simon Magus. Wherefore we do not shrink from proclaiming the truth, observing and holding fast those things which have been canonically handed down by the holy and ever-blessed Apostles and by our illustrious fathers. And if any of these things has been violated by anyone, we turn away from it. Your brotherly sanctity, then, fitting to the highest priesthood, having lawfully and aptly, according to the will of God, ministered priestly sanctification, has won celebrated glory. For Christ, the prior and great Pontiff, said through the prophet, [“As I live, I will glorify those who glorify me.”] For you know, O man whose desires are of the Spirit, that the heresy of Macedonius and of those who follow him, impugners of the Holy Spirit, is far more tolerable. For while they prattle that the Holy Spirit is a creature and servant of God the Father, these — so far as they suppose — make him their own servant. For every master sells whatever he has when he wishes, whether a slave or any other of his possessions. Likewise too the buyer, wishing to become the lord of the thing bought, acquires it for a price of silver. Thus those who admit this nefarious deed press down the Holy Spirit, sinning equally with those who said with blasphemous mouth that Christ cast out demons by Beelzebub; or, to speak more truly, they are like Judas the traitor, who sold the Lord to the Jews, the killers of God, for a price of silver. Since therefore the Holy Spirit is consubstantial with Christ God, he is also to be counted with him, as we have shown. And since he is not sold — as he certainly is not — it is most fitting also that the grace of the Holy Spirit, as also the sanctification of the priesthood, is not in these; and what they did not receive, they do not have. Let them remember the holy Peter, who said this to the one who attempted it: [“You have no part nor lot in this word.”] For if the dignity of the priesthood is sold, then an honorable institution of life and the cultivation of purity and virtue are superfluous among them; superfluous among them too is Paul the divine Apostle, teaching that a bishop must be without crime, temperate, modest, apt to teach, continent, sober, holding fast to the faithful word according to the doctrine, that he may be able both to exhort in sound doctrine and to refute those who contradict. All these things, therefore, perish from the fact that the priesthood is sold and bought. The authorities cited below, then, gathered from the saints, pronounce wholly alien from the priesthood the man who at any time has given or received [money], whether before the ordination, at the ordination, or after the ordination. For to receive is to receive at any time. They also command that all ecclesiastical promotions, in which money has intervened, be void.

From the Council of Braga, ch. 3.

Let him who gives and him who receives, in order that sacred orders be conferred, be anathema.

It is resolved, concerning the a ordination of clerics, that bishops accept no gifts: but, as it is written, what they receive freely from the giving God, freely let them give. The grace of God and the imposition of hands are not to be sold for any price: because the ancient definition of the fathers thus decreed concerning ecclesiastical ordinations, saying: [“Anathema to the giver and to the receiver.”] Therefore, since certain men, weighed down by many crimes [?], while ministering unworthily at the holy altar, obtain this [ministry] not by the testimony of good deeds nor by the lavishness of gifts; clerics must b be ordained not by the favor of gifts, but first through diligent examination, and then through the testimony of many c.

a. ¶It is resolved that concerning. Argument that this prohibition was instituted on account of the unworthy: yet it extends to all. J. eadem q. 3. pervenit. Infra 19. q. 2. duae.

b. ¶Must. J. Supra dist. 83. cap. 1.

c. ¶By the testimony of many. Supra distinct. 67. reliqui, at the end, contra. Sup. 23. distin. lector, contra; and 20. quaest. 2. oportet; Si sup. distin. 75. cap. 5. Solution: here “many” means two or three. Or understand this when the clerics are unknown.

FROM THAT [AUTHORITY]. THE CASE. Gratian concludes from the two chapters set forth above — namely the chapter Petrus and the chapter Cum omnis — that simoniacs, like heretics, deviate from the faith.

LIKEWISE IT IS OBJECTED. This is the fourth part of the question, in which he wishes to prove sophistically that to give something for ecclesiastical things is not a sin. Johannes de Faventia.

From that authority of blessed Ambrose and Gregory it is plain that simoniacs (just as also other heretics) stray from the faith, and therefore what is decreed concerning the others is, by consequence, understood as applying to them.

§ 4. ¶Likewise it is objected ª that prophecy is a gift of the Holy Spirit; yet this α was accustomed to be sold in the Old Testament by the holy prophets. Hence Saul did not presume to go to Samuel to seek a prophecy except with a gift. The wife of Jeroboam likewise did not approach the man of God except with a gift. Likewise Christ, sold by Judas ᵇ, healed the servant’s ear. Therefore by the example of Saul and of the wife of Jeroboam, it is plain that to buy or sell a gift of the Holy Spirit is not a sin. By the example of Christ it is clear that the Holy Spirit, although unwillingly considered by simoniacs to be for sale, nevertheless does not forget his own power, nor does he cease, even when sold, to provide the effect of his grace. But concerning prophecy, blessed Jerome in his commentary on the third chapter of Micah resolves this fittingly, declaring that only the wicked, not the good, received [payment].

Her judges ᶜ, he says, ᵈ judged for bribes, and her priests answered for hire, and her prophets divined for money, and rested upon the Lord ᵉ, saying: Is not the Lord in our midst? evils shall not come ᶠ upon us ᵍ. Therefore on account of you Zion shall be plowed like a field ʰ, and Jerusalem shall be as the watch-hut of an orchard ⁱ. No one doubts that Jerusalem was destroyed on account of the crimes described in this chapter. And below. ¶Indeed Peter could have sold to Simon Magus what he was seeking; indeed, he could have pretended to sell (for the Holy Spirit can neither be sold nor bought): but he condemned the money offered together with the one offering it. And a little later. ¶Nor let anyone be disturbed by what we read in the first book of Kings β, that Saul ᵏ, wishing to go to Samuel, said to his servant that he could not go to him, since he had no price to offer for the prophecy;

α. al. hoc.

β. al. regnum.

a. ¶Likewise it is objected. Namely against that [?] which is set forth principally, that is, that to sell spiritual things is a sin: or that an order which has been sold does not have the grace of the Holy Spirit.

b. ¶Judas. The solution of this objection is given below in §. cum ergo in the chapter numquam.

¶Judges. THE CASE. Certain persons, when they were rebuked for simony, excused themselves by the example of certain figures in the Old Testament: but Jerome insists that simoniacs are to be condemned. First, through the words of the prophet Micah, who shows that on this account Jerusalem was destroyed. Second, through Peter’s condemnation of Simon Magus. Third, he excuses the prophet Samuel. Fourth, Ahijah, saying that they did not receive the money offered, or if they could have received it, [they would have received it] not as a gift for prophecy, but on the journey [?] for the time [?], and they received it as necessary expenses. Fifth, he excuses Elisha, who is not to be believed to have received anything from Hazael: for it is established that he refused the gifts offered by Naaman the Syrian. The second part begins at [Poterat]. The third at [Nec quemquam moveat]. The fourth at [Hoc ipsum]. The fifth at [Vide in quarto].

c. ¶Judges.] Anastasius [?], Leaders. The words of the prophet Micah, and such is the case. Certain persons, when they were rebuked for simony, excused themselves by the example of certain figures in the Old Testament, whom Jerome sets forth in this chapter. First then, he sets forth the words of the prophet Micah, and expounds them, showing that on account of such simony Jerusalem was destroyed. Second at [Poterat Petrus], he sets forth Peter’s words condemning. Third, he excuses the offering of money simonaically condemning [?].

d. ¶Of her. Of the Jewish people. Johannes.

e. ¶Rested. That person is said to rest upon the Lord who, on the strength of the priesthood or prophecy, does not live luxuriously: and explain “rested,” that is, they had his grace with them, in their own opinion.

f. ¶Shall not come. As if he were promising himself impunity.

g. ¶Evils. Which the prophets are threatening against us.

h. ¶Shall be plowed. With a hostile plow, that is, it shall be devastated and shall cease to exist: argument ff. q.b. mod. usus[fructus] amit[titur], si ultra fructus. And this was done by the Romans.

ADDITION. 76 dist. ieiunium. Archidiaconus.

i. ¶Shall be as the watch-hut of an orchard. For the watch-hut of an orchard is abandoned once the fruit has been gathered. And this is why he says this.

K. ¶Saul. History. We read in the first book of Kings that when Saul, with a certain servant of his, had sought his father’s she-asses and had not found them, the servant said to Saul: “Here is a man without ambiguity who speaks: let us go and inquire of him.” And Saul said: “What shall we bring? bread also is lacking in our pouches, and we have no provision-bag; [or] as a servant. I have in my hand a quarter shekel of silver, and let us go —

(Continuation of the gloss on K Saulem from p. 476.) — and they went to the prophet: and Saul was anointed king by Samuel at the Lord’s command.

a. ¶But suppose. That is, posit. And so according to the canons a party may posit a falsehood. De consecratione, distinction 4, san[...]ctum.

b. ¶Five [?]

and the servant replied: [Behold, there is found in my hand a quarter shekel of money, and I will give it to the man of God, and he will declare to us our [concerning our] way.] Now it is not written that Samuel received it, or that they offered it: rather, they are fed by the prophet, and invited to dinner. But suppose ª they had received it: alms for the tabernacle are to be reckoned of greater worth than gifts for prophecy: for a shekel has twenty oboli; and a quarter shekel is five oboli ᵇ. Therefore our priests too, if they wish to sell prophecy and to set up doves in their chairs (which the Lord overthrew with a scourge), let them be content with a fee of just five α oboli: would that ᶜ they took not the price of estates, but five oboli. ¶This same lesson is sounded also in the third book of Kingdoms, when the wife ᵈ of Jeroboam, with her son ailing, goes to Ahijah the man of God ᵉ, and brings to him ten loaves β, and a cake, and a vessel of honey; for γ these things are rather to be reckoned as expenses for the prophet ᶠ than as a payment for prophecy. Yet those who were accustomed to go to soothsayers (since there were many diviners and soothsayers in Israel) might, by a bad custom, have judged [matters] also with regard to him among the prophets, and have wished to offer to holy men what they had been accustomed to offer to diviners. ¶Whence § in the fourth book of Kingdoms it is read that [Elisha ᵍ came to Damascus, and Benadad king of Syria was ill, and they announced it to him, saying: The man of God has come hither: and the king said to Hazael ʰ: Take with you gifts, and go to meet the man of God, and consult the Lord through him, saying, whether I shall be able to escape this illness. So Hazael went to meet him, having with him gifts, and every good thing ⁱ of Damascus, the loads of forty camels.] But it is not to be believed that he received them: just as it is read of the same Elisha, that Naaman, cleansed from leprosy, offered ᵏ him gifts, saying: [I beg, that you accept a blessing from your servant. But he replied: As the Lord lives ˡ, before whom I stand, I will not accept it. And though he urged him ᵐ, he by no means consented.]

α. ¶Five only the price of oboli let them be content, who.] All these things are absent from the more recent editions of blessed Jerome, and even from the older ones, except the word “who.” But they are not to be expunged, because they do not produce a [different] sentence.

¶This chapter in one old exemplar is joined to the previous one; and in place of the first word, “Judges,” is read, “Leaders,” just as it is in blessed Jerome’s version of the LXX.

b. ¶Are five oboli. Argument that in a delict the quantity of the thing is to be regarded. Below, 14. q. ult. cap. ult. Below, 17. q. 4. quicunque. q. ult. qui ferri sunt.

c. ¶Would that. And read this as a negative, that is, would that they did not take more. You have a similar passage at 23. q. 4. si ea and episcopi; and therefore perhaps he says this, because if they did not take more, no one would be willing to commit simony. Or perhaps for this reason, because the less one takes, the less one sins: according to which it is said that one is punished less for a pig or sheep than for [?] ff. de abigeis l. 1. j. responsum. Or it could be understood about [him] in the decretal Extra de simo. Et si quaestiones. Argument to the contrary: below, 14. q. ult. cap. ult. 17. q. 4. quicunque. cap.

d. ¶That the wife. History. We read in the third book of Kings that when the first-born son of Jeroboam was sick, he said to his wife: “Take with you gifts, and with changed dress go to the prophet Ahijah, that he may declare to you what shall come of the boy.” When she had come to the prophet, although on account of the dimness of his eyes he could not see, he nevertheless said: “Enter, wife of Jeroboam; why do you feign to be another? I am sent to you as a hard messenger.” And when he had announced many things to come upon the house of Jeroboam, he added: “Go to your house, at the entry of your foot into the city the child shall die: who alone of the seed of Jeroboam shall be borne into the sepulchres of his fathers.” The history of the prophet Elisha is plain in the text.

e. ¶Ahijah the man of God. Who foretold to him the death of his son Abia: and who reproved him for his sins, and predicted his vengeance, as below in the same place si quis inquit. He says: 23. q. ultim. cap. ult.

f. ¶For expense. For it is permitted to receive [gifts] for expenses and sustenance. Extra de sim. cum sit. 23. q. 5. dicat. ff. de officio proconsulis, solent. ff. de officio praesidis, plebiscito. And thus a priest, “if he is poor, may receive for the celebration of Mass. Extra de praebendis, significatum. Unless he is the proper priest. De consecratione, distinctio 1. sufficit.

ADDITION. As noted at 21. q. 7. cap. ult.

g. ¶Elisha. Who [?] iron. Below, de consecratione [?]

h. ¶To Hazael. The steward of his affairs.

i. ¶Good things. That is, some of all the good things, that is, of every kind of goods. ff. de regula iuris aliud. §. refertur.

K. ¶Offered. Argument that in the same deed, according to a difference of intention, one may sin and another not, as in 32. q. 5. propositio.

l. ¶Lives. This was an oath in the Old Testament. 22. q. 1. et iurabunt.

m. ¶He urged. Argument against the Catalans.

A poor priest may receive [payment] for the celebration of Mass, “that is, that[?] he may hire out his labors.”

Decretum Gratiani, ps ij.

(Continuing canon from p. 477, gloss tail.)

...when she had brought those things: and yet the prophet is not written to have received them: since indeed he both rebuked her, and foretold the coming mourning; and although, &c.

β. ¶Ten loaves.] So has the Latin Vulgate of blessed Jerome: loaves, and raisins, and a small vessel of honey. In the Greek vulgate, however, “cake” and “raisin” are mentioned — ἄρτους, he says, καὶ κολλύρια τοῖς τέκνοις αὐτοῦ καὶ καψύλας [loaves, and small cakes for her children, and small vessels].

γ. ¶For these things rather.] These words up to “Although,” are not found here in blessed Jerome, but in their place here is: “For it might be said, what she should have brought with her: and yet the prophet is not written to have received it: since indeed he both rebuked her, and foretold the coming mourning; and although, &c.”

δ. ¶Whence in the fourth.] These words up to the end are not found in blessed Jerome.

The same, in the same chapter.

Never ª is divination ᵇ taken in scripture in a good sense. [There is no augury in Jacob, nor divination in Israel.] They seemed to themselves indeed to be prophets: but because they took money, their prophecy was turned into divination.

¶This chapter also is, in some old [copies], joined to the preceding one, and is read in the original as “For never.”

Since therefore ᶜ, according to Jerome, the good prophets did not receive a payment for prophecy, but alms for the tabernacle, but for the wicked, who received [a payment], prophecy — which was the gift of God — was turned into divination, which is diabolical: what else is to be gathered, except that (as was said above) no spiritual grace cooperates with simoniacs? For since (in the sacraments neither he who plants nor he who waters is anything: but God who gives the increase, who works in them, if the Lord does not shine, but is idle. Likewise, what is said concerning Christ, that just as Christ when sold performed miracles, so the Holy Spirit can be sold, and even in the very selling can work his grace: this similarity does not hold. For the Holy Spirit does not work spiritually in the perfidious traffickings of avarice that which Christ did corporally for the sake of a certain mystery, as an example of patience. For if the comparison is total, since it is believed that he can be sold as Christ was, it would also be believed that the Holy Spirit could be crucified, which is impossible. It can also be understood (so that we do not depart from the comparison) that, just as Christ when sold did not confer the gifts of his grace upon the seller or buyer, but upon those who were standing by in ignorance — for whom also he prayed on the cross — so also the Holy Spirit is proved to bestow the effect of his grace not upon the seller or buyer, but upon those who, led by ignorance, receive the Lord’s sacraments from their hands. Likewise it is objected ᵈ, that although it is bad to buy ecclesiastical things, nevertheless evil beginnings often come to happy endings. As Jacob came to the blessing by supplanting ᵉ, as a crop that is sown by a leprous hand is nevertheless reaped clean, as from adulterous intercourse a beautiful offspring is born: so also money that is acquired through simony has a healthy outcome, when it is distributed for the benefit of the poor. But none of these things defends the simoniacs.

For Leo the bishop says to the Moorish bishops, ep. 85. al. 87.

¶Never. THE CASE. It is said here that divination is rarely taken in a good sense. Hence those who took money for declaring future things were not true prophets, but diviners, although they believed themselves to be prophets.

a. ¶Never. That is, rarely [and] said for the most part. Otherwise it is false. As above, in the same place, eos qui.

b. ¶Divination. For it is impossible that divination should be prophecy. So explain thus: “was turned into divination,” that is, into the divination of hidden things which was believed to be prophecy. For their prophecy was declared not to be prophecy.

ADDITION. That you may better understand this, know that prophecy is the manifestation of latent things — past, present, or future — by divine inspiration, according to Papias.

¶THEREFORE. THE CASE. Gratian concludes from the foregoing that the grace of the Holy Spirit is void in those who take money: notwithstanding the example of Peter, who when sold performed miracles, since he did this for the sake of a mystery, as an example of patience, or that he might benefit others, and not the buyer or seller: just as simoniacs may benefit those who are ignorant that they are simoniacs: and notwithstanding the fact that good ends often come from things begun with a bad beginning.

c. ¶According to. And thus the master teaches us to resist. Argument from a similar case: 17. q. 1. nuptia. ruff. de condi. indeb. si reus. 12. q. 7. Apostoli. Moreover, a response can be made through what is noted above, in the same place, eas 2.

d. ¶Likewise it is objected. In defense of the simoniacs, others — from §. sed nihil, etc. — to impugn them. [?]

e. ¶By supplanting. Yet [it was] done at the Lord’s prompting. 7. q. 1. quam periculosum. Beginnings.

1 Concord. gl. in l. si haereditatem. ff. ma. & de confess. dist. 5. nunquam.

Divination cannot be prophecy.

2 Well noted there by Laurentius, whose this gloss was; but it is not noted according to Johannes, and there I gave Laurentius’s opinion in vers[icle] portionis. Archidiaconus.

(Continuation of gloss tails from p. 478.)

[...]ns quem.] THE CASE. Prelates who have acquired dignities, even if they offend no one else, have been accustomed to come to bad ends: for difficult are the outcomes. &c. As is plain in the following chapter.

[...]nded.] So at 14. q. 5. neque.

[...] concerning those who, no. below, quid ergo. & de orig. iur. l. 1. Argument to the contrary: ff. de legib. non omnium. 16. q. 3. §. pot. 5 dist. 17. regula. 7. 14. q. 5. neque. 7. 16. q. 1. c. ult. & q. 3. si sacerdotes. extra de iure patro. cura pasto[r]alis. Johannes. If anyone always has bad faith, he will never have a good outcome: it is otherwise in contracts [?]. B.

A position of authority which ª either sedition extorted, or ambition seized: even if it does not offend in its conduct and acts ª: nevertheless from the very † beginning is ruinous as an example ᵇ. And it is difficult ᶜ, that those things which have been begun with an evil beginning ᵉ should be brought through to a good outcome ᵈ.

† al. ipso.

From the same Gregory to the bishop of Antioch, book 7, epistle 47, indiction 2.

Since Paul says: [No one ᶠ can lay any other foundation than that which has been laid, which is Christ Jesus;] consequently it is proved, that where Christ is not the foundation, there is no superstructure of a good work.

¶In blessed Gregory it is read as follows. “But that distinguished preacher says: foundation, &c.”] Whoever therefore with the love of God and of neighbor holds the firmness of the faith which is in Christ, has placed the same Jesus Christ, the son of God and man, as foundation with himself. It is therefore to be hoped that where Christ is the foundation, the building also of good works will follow.

The same, to Syagrius and other bishops, book 7, epistle 110.

It is not to be considered alms, if what is taken from illicit ᵍ things is distributed to the poor; for he who takes wickedly with this intention, that as it were he may distribute well, is rather burdened than helped α. And a little later. ¶Hence also it is certain that even if monasteries, or hospices, or anything else, are constructed from the money which is given for sacred orders, it does not profit by way of merit. And a little later. ¶Therefore, lest under pretext of alms we strive to receive anything with sin, sacred Scripture openly forbids us, saying: [The sacrifices of the wicked are abominable, which are offered from crime.] For whatever in the sacrifice of God is offered from crime, all...

A POSITION OF AUTHORITY WHICH. THE CASE. Prelates who have wickedly acquired dignities, even if they offend no one else, nevertheless are accustomed to have bad outcomes: for it is difficult that they be brought to a good outcome. &c. As is plain in the following chapter.

a. ¶Does not offend. So at 14. q. 5. neque.

b. ¶As an example. This is held also as a rationale of example. Indeed many things operate in the canons [?]. For many things are reproved lest they be ruinous by example, which could be tolerated, as 11. q. 3. praecipue. 5. 30. din. de his veris. 7. dist. 82. plurimos. 5. dist. 96. bene. & arg. 21. q. 2. si quis iam arg. 27. q. 2. nec aliqua. above 17. q. 1. insti[tutum] est.

c. ¶It is difficult. That is 1. never. Below, in the same place, si quis. Lest “ne” be put for “no”: ix. 47. dist. quantum libet 2.

d. ¶Good. So at 14. q. 5. neque. Argument to the contrary: extra qui filii sint legi tanta. & de matrimonio contracto post votum de futuro.

e. ¶Beginning. Argument: the beginning is to be regarded 3. and with regard to faith from the beginning, gather from these. Argument: 3. q. 6. no. 10. q. 3. praeposi. q. 61. dist. id miramur. d hoc. & 16. q. 3. si sacerdotes. Archidiaconus.

ADDITION. 1 Concor. text. in l. ab[?]surdu. cum ibi not. ff. de iud. & in l. 1. cum gl. in versi. pessime ff. ad Macedonia.

2 But Huguccio says “difficult” [meaning], as if not impossible.

3 To this point: extra de elect. dudum. 1. q. 3. si sacerdotes. Archidiaconus.

Anastasius, l. 7. c. 17. Distinction 61. c. miramur. † al. ipso.

f. ¶Since Paul says. ¶Foundation. Argument to the contrary: “A better fortune follows a weak beginning.” And argument that one not baptized cannot receive an order. 24. q. 6. 1. ubi sana. 7. ead. q. 6. si quis per ignorantiam. & 7. ead. si quis confugerit. extra de presbytero non baptizato. veniens. & c. si quis.

An order cannot be received by one who has not been baptized.

¶It is not to be considered. THE CASE. Gregory shows in this chapter that no one should commit simony so that afterwards he may build churches from the money, or do almsgiving: both because it is written, “Honor God with your just labors,” and because Solomon says, “He who offers a sacrifice of the substance of the poor, &c.” argument. And these things are in the first part. In the second part he instructs clerics with regard to dignity, that before they approach a dignity, they should measure their own strength, so that to that which they believe themselves sufficient, they may approach with fear. Or thus.

THE CASE. In the first part it is proved by triple authority that one should not give alms from things illicitly acquired. The first authority is, [The sacrifices of the wicked], &c. The second, [Honor God]. The third, [He who offers a sacrifice], &c. In the second part it is said that if anyone [would approach] a dignity, he should consider his strength: and even if he judges himself sufficient, he should approach with fear: otherwise let him by no means approach.

g. ¶From illicit things. Here they say that one should not give alms from things acquired wickedly: which is true when the ownership has not been transferred: or if a claim for restitution applies, as I said in the summa, 15. q. 5. But where no claim for restitution applies, a harlot can give alms; but [?] cond. ob tur. cau. l. idem. §. quoties. A simoniacal nun [?] founded a church. [?] 14. q. 6. coperimus. & 12. q. 2. au[?]natus 4. of that church? Say that [?] it was disgrace. extra de simon. de Iesan. epi[s]co. §. pro omnibus. & de ca[?]. §. illud. But what if from simoniacal money someone buys a vineyard; does he then make of the fruit, etc. ps ij.

4 Namely, the one bought through money si... 4. § Fan 5 id ex de iure patro. de iure.

(Continuing canon C. XXVII from p. 479.)

alms? Not so; because it is reckoned by the same law as the money: since the fruit succeeds in place of the money. arg. ex de vsu. cum tu. in fin. ff. de leg. 2. Imperator. §. ult. & §. above 94. dist. cap. 1. Argument to the contrary: ff. de fur. qui s. penult. & ult. Facere. ¶But it is objected: “Make for yourself friends from the mammon of iniquity.” But this is explained thus, that is, from wealth, anxieties, and labors acquired: or what you have taken away, restore to those it belongs to 1, or to their parents: or if those are dead, offer to the priests: and there all who have been made your friends will pray for you to the Lord. For although it has been said, “What you have acquired for evil, expend for good,” nevertheless that will not patronize [the matter] here [?].

does not appease the wrath of the mighty God, but provokes it. Hence again it is written: [Honor the Lord with your just labors.] He therefore who wickedly takes, that as it were he may give well, no doubt does not honor the Lord. Hence also Solomon says: [He who offers a sacrifice from the substance of the poor is as one who slays the son in the sight of the father.] Now how great is the father’s grief, let us weigh, if in his sight the son be slain. And from this we easily recognize how great a grief is exasperated before God, when a sacrifice from rapine is offered to him. Therefore, dearest brethren, it is most strongly to be avoided that under the pretext of alms, we perpetrate the sins of the simoniacal heresy. For it is one thing to do alms on account of sins α, another to commit sins on account of alms †. And after a few [lines]. ¶Whoever, therefore, desires to obtain the priesthood not for the pomp of exaltation, but for usefulness, let him first measure his own strength ᵇ against this burden which he is about to undergo, so that if he is unequal, he may abstain ᶜ; and to that which † he judges himself sufficient, let him approach with fear.

α. ¶Is helped.] If at this point the chapter “Almsgiving” be interposed, below 14. q. 5, the passage here will be entire.

β. ¶To commit.] Here in blessed Gregory are inserted c. Hoc quoque. dist. 5. 9. &c. Sicut neophytus. dist. 48.

† al. perpetrare.

† al. qui.

The same to Theodoric and Theobert † kings of the Franks, book 7, epistle 114.

† al. Theoberto

The simoniacal ᵈ † heresy is reported (which crept in by diabolical implantation as the first against the Church of God, and at its very rise ᵉ was struck and condemned by the zeal † of apostolic vengeance) to dominate in the borders of your kingdom: although in priests, faith should be chosen together with life. For if life is lacking, faith ᶠ has no merit, blessed James testifying, who says: [Faith without works ᵍ is dead ʰ.] For what can be the works of a priest, who is found to obtain the honor of so great a sacrament through reward? And after a few [lines]. ¶Hence therefore a lethal wound is inflicted not only on the soul of the one ordaining and of the one ordained, but also the kingdom † of your excellence is weighed down ⁱ by the fault of the bishops (by whose intercessions it ought rather to have been helped *) *. For if he is judged worthy of the priesthood for whom not merits of action, but abundance of rewards…

† al. simoniacam haeresim.

† al. scio.

† al. the rule of your bishops.

So he infers, since Theodoric was beheaded at Cologne and Theobert was poisoned by Brunichilda. The crime of one harms the innocent. 3 On this, no. B. extra de pe. q[ua] bus[?]dam.

a. ¶Facere. But it is objected: “Make for yourself friends from the mammon of iniquity”; what [does this mean]? — that is, from wealth, anxieties, and labors acquired: or what you have taken away, restore to those it belongs to 1, or to their parents: or if those are dead, offer to the priests: and there all who have been made your friends will pray for you to the Lord. For although it has been said, “What you have acquired for evil, expend for good,” nevertheless this will not patronize [the matter] for this purpose. H. To acquire wickedly for the sake of alms, and to expend it for good, is nothing other than to slay the son in the sight of the father. 14. q. 6. insolantis. But what is otherwise acquired, e.g. out of love for one’s children, and is expended for good, that will patronize you toward reward. Huguccio.

“To make friends from the mammon of iniquity” — what is this?

1 Here you may see what is held at 14. q. 5. Sed hic. There the aforesaid authority is expounded.

b. ¶First his own strength. “Take, you who write, a subject equal to your strength; and weigh long what your shoulders refuse to bear, what they can bear.” argument. ff. de excu. tutoris. paupertas. The same the law says in muliones ad legem Aquil. l. idem iuris. §. 1. & l. qua actione. §. 2.

Horace, in the Art of Poetry.

c. ¶Let him abstain. Here he presumes against an unworthy prelate [?] that he was badly elected, argument from a 3rio sensu, 61. dist. miramur. vers[icle] nec putandus est honor.

¶Reported. THE CASE. Gregory rebukes here the kings of France, because in their borders they allow simony to flourish. And he shows that this is a loss to the king, because simoniacs harm his rule by their unjust prayers, by whose intercessions he ought to have been aided. For who can confide in the prayers of those whom he knows inwardly to be wounded? and what kind of fruit is produced from such an infected root?

d. ¶Simoniacal. Gregory notes first concerning the negligence of those kings of France, in that simony dominates in their kingdom. Second, he says that by the fault of these prelates their rule is twisted back [?]. Third, one must fear concerning those who have such intercessors with God, not provoking God, whom they ought to placate.

Simony dominates in France.

e. ¶And at its very rise. As regards the New Testament: and understand “after the resurrection”: and so it is not contrary to de consecratione, dist. 2. primas.

f. ¶Faith. Of profession, namely.

g. ¶Works. External.

h. ¶Is dead. If time is given or place [for it], [turn] to penance.

i. ¶Indeed the [kingdom] of your excellence. Behold that the crime of one harms the innocent. 2. arg. dist. 61. miramur. v[ers]ic[le]. sicut enim. argument: in the same question, dominus. To the contrary: below, in the same question, 4. cap. argumentum. 8. q. 4. cap. contra. dist. 81. si qui sunt presbyteri. Arg. dist. 37. §. ut itaque. arg. de consecratione, dist. 1. in sanci. 1. Arg. to the contrary: 24. q. 1. non turbatur. arg. 6. q. 1. ex merito. arg. 49. dist. §. 1. arg. q. 1. q. 7. cap. argumen. below, in the same question, multi. And it is argument that a thing transacted by some, does not prejudice others. Below de poenitentia, dist. 6. c. 1. ff. de re iudi. saepe. Johannes holds this briefly [?].

Decretum Gratiani, ps ij.

(Continuing canon C. XXVIII from p. 480.)

…vouches a; what remains, but that gravity defend nothing for itself in ecclesiastical honors, industry defend nothing; but that the profane love of gold obtain everything. And while vices are rewarded with honor, in the place of the avenger b , he who perhaps ought to have been avenged c is brought in: and from this priests are judged not to profit, but rather to perish. For if the shepherd is wounded, who shall apply medicine to heal the sheep? or how shall he protect the people with the shield of prayer, who exposes himself to be struck by the enemy’s darts? or what kind of fruit will he produce of himself, whose root is infected with grave pestilence? A greater calamity, therefore, is to be feared as coming upon those places, where such intercessors are brought to the place of rule, who provoke d the wrath of God upon themselves more, than they ought to have appeased it through themselves on behalf of the peoples.

Since therefore, according to Leo, simony is not brought to a good outcome, according to Gregory no building up of a good work follows, nor is it to be considered alms, what is paid out to the poor from the price of simony; [since] when the shepherd is wounded, no medicine is applied to heal the sheep; from an infected root no fruit is produced; and a greater calamity is to be feared in the future; from such a sinister beginning what happy outcome is to be hoped?

Hence also Augustine says.

Just as he was a eunuch e, who bought Joseph; so he who buys grace, has no living seed f, his genitals being dried up. So also the fire of sacrifice, which had lived under water g through the seventy years of the Babylonian captivity, was extinguished, with Antiochus h selling the priesthood to Jason: which signified that the fire of the Holy Spirit does not shine i in the sacraments of simoniacs†.

† al. simoniacorum [of the simoniacs].

What did blessed Augustine wish to note in these comparisons, except that the sacraments of simoniacs (as also of other heretics), although they are true as to form, are nevertheless empty and false as to effect, since they cannot beget or kindle heavenly grace in the hearts of men.

(Continuation of gloss i. Verumetiam excellentiae from p. 480:) [...] that a thing transacted among others does not harm others generally — for neither does it harm one as to another. Yet in special cases it fails, which are expressly found in the law. Extra de re iudicata, cap. quamuis. & 6. q. 1. §. verum. and in other similar cases, as s. q. 6. §. diffinitiua.

a. ¶Vouches. For the law says: “Let it be estimated how each one merits, not how much he is sufficient to give.” Codex, de episcopis et clericis, si quemquam. But it is asked why the pope writes to the king, since he has no power over these matters. 11. q. 1. sacerdotibus? Because, since they were participants: or because they were incorrigible, as J. ea. q. ult. c. ult. 17. dist. nec licuit. extra de iud. cum non ab homine.

b. ¶Avenger. That is, the prelate, who ought to avenge the vices of others.

c. ¶Ought to have been avenged. That is, ought to be punished on account of [?] sins.

d. ¶Provoke. Upon themselves, not upon those for whom they pray. And so understand: 3. q. 7. in gravibus.

THEREFORE. Gratian concludes from all that has been said above, that from a bad beginning a good outcome is not to be hoped.

¶Just as. THE CASE. It is said in this chapter that just as he was a eunuch who bought Joseph, so they are eunuchs — that is, without the moisture of grace — who commit simony: and in them the fire of the Holy Spirit does not flourish. Which is proved by the example of Antiochus, when he was selling the priesthood, the fire which had lived under water for seventy years, was extinguished. And note two histories in this chapter: namely of Joseph, and of the fire. For we read in Genesis that Joseph was sold by his brothers to the Ishmaelites who were going into Egypt: who later sold him to Potiphar the eunuch of Pharaoh the king: whom I think to have been miraculously made a eunuch, since he had bought Joseph in order to abuse him, when previously it is established that he had a wife and a daughter. Likewise we read in the book of Maccabees that when the children of Israel had been led into perfidy, Jeremiah with certain others hid the fire of sacrifice in a valley where there was a concealed well: but after many years, at the command of the king of Persia, that fire was sought: and when it was found, they drew water with it, with which water the wood that had been arranged was sprinkled, and immediately it burned. For which miracle the king built a temple over that well. But in the course of time, when king Antiochus had received the kingdom and was reigning in Judea, Jason, brother of the high priest, approached the king and offered him 40 talents: and received from him the principate of the high priesthood: and immediately the fire of sacrifice was extinguished. The following two § are plain.

e. ¶Just as a eunuch. Potiphar, who first had a wife, daughter of Pharaoh: when he was afterwards ordained priest of Heliopolis, he was castrated. Or as some say, the Lord dried up his genitals, because he had bought Joseph for shameful uses.

f. ¶Living seed. Namely, of a good work.

g. ¶Under water. Argument: dist. 81. c. si qui. Argument however to the contrary: 28. dist. cap. ult. & below, in the same place, Dominus. Johannes.

h. ¶Antiochus. This Antiochus was a Greek: and he greatly oppressed the Jews, and sold the priesthood of the temple. And it is argument here that in the Old Testament it was simony to buy an order.

i. ¶Does not shine. The fire was sent by Jeremiah into the well: which afterwards was never found: but a thick water, placed under stone, would burn it. Concerning this fire you have de peni. dist. 3. inter haec hircum. And the well was in the Valley of Jehoshaphat: where the king of the Persians had a temple built, and was called by Jeremiah nepthar, which is interpreted as “purification.” Johannes.

§. But it is objected a, that [passage] of Augustine against the heretics, treatise 5 on the Gospel of John.

¶Whether the minister be good or bad, through either the effect of grace is conferred.

If the minister be just b, I count him with Paul, who does not seek his own glory, saying: I planted c, Apollos watered d, but God gave the increase. But whoever shall have been a proud minister, is counted with the devil: but the gift of Christ is not contaminated, because through him the river runs pure to the pure, and comes to the fertile land. I know that a stone cannot bear fruit from water: and if water passes through stone channels e to the little plots, in the stone channel nothing is generated; but nevertheless the garden bears much fruit. For the spiritual power of the sacrament is received like pure light by those to be enlightened; but passing through unclean ones it is not polluted.

¶From the beginning of this chapter up to the word “the gift of Christ,” Alger, book 3, c. 5, cites it from blessed Augustine, whose own words are nevertheless found below at de confec. dist. 4. c. aliud. §. si fuerit.

The same to Vincent the Donatist, epistle 48.

All f the Lord’s sacraments come from the catholic g Church: which you so have and give, as they were had h and given even before you went out from it.

The same on baptism against the Donatists, book 5, c. 19.

But thus God i is absent from † his own sacraments, and his own words k,

† al. Si [If]

a. ¶But it is objected. In defense of the simoniacs, by proving that the sacraments which they confer have effect. Johannes.

¶If just. THE CASE. Here it is shown, that if the priest be just, he is a good minister of the sacraments, and not the agent [author]: which is proved by the example of Paul. If, however, he is bad, his malice does not hinder the sacraments, because just as one is not sterile, although it flows through a sterile channel: so the spiritual power, even if it passes through unclean ones, is nevertheless received by those to be enlightened. And note that from this above-cited chapter up to the chapter etiam corde, it is proved that the sacraments of bad priests are true: and are truly conferred by them, provided they are conferred in the form of the Church.

b. ¶If just. From this chapter up to that one, et corde, the master shows that the sacraments of heretics are true, and are truly conferred by them, if they are conferred in the form of the Church: not however as to power: with a distinction however: because sacraments of necessity, unless one receives them from a heretic in necessity, or also if one receives them unknowingly, one indeed receives both the power and truth of the sacrament. But if one does not receive them out of necessity or knowingly, one indeed receives the truth of the sacrament, not the power: if however one receives feignedly, and afterwards does penance, one will have both. De consecratione, dist. 4. tunc valere. & §. sed notandum 2. below, in the same place. But in a sacrament of dignity, as in order, distinguish according to that distinction at 11. q. 1. ordinationes. In the sacrament of the Eucharist we say that from the hand of a heretic one is not to receive. 24. q. 1. cap. ult. & 32. dist. §. verum. If however it be received, it is the true body, if it is confected in the form of the Church: although some say that they themselves do not consecrate. 24. q. 1. schisma.

ADDITION. Argument: de consecratione, dist. 2. quid sit[?]. Archidiaconus.

c. ¶I planted. By preaching.

d. ¶Watered. By baptizing.

e. ¶Passes through. Below, in the same place, sic populus contra. Solution: this concerns sacraments of necessity, which always have effect unless the fault of the recipient impedes; and there [it is] concerning sacraments of dignity, or here concerning those feignedly ordained: there concerning those whom the Church tolerates. Or say that they are placed as regards those, as 49. dist. cap. ult. 15. q. ult. c. si.

Ex catholica. THE CASE. Augustine says that from the catholic Church the heretics received true sacraments, who so have and confer them as they had [them] before they went out of the Church. The following three chapters are plain, and self-evident.

f. ¶From the catholic. In this and in the two following chapters, it is said that the sacraments of heretics are true, which are celebrated in the form of the Church.

g. ¶All. That is, the truth and form of all the sacraments.

h. ¶Were had. Argument to the contrary: J. c. extra catholicam. But there explain: that is, outside the form of the catholic Church.

i. ¶But thus God. God is said to be present at such sacraments, that the truth may subsist, and that the power may be granted to him who receives unknowingly. Above, si iustus.

k. ¶And his own words. And so the words are necessary: argument below, in the same place, detrahe.

(Continuing canon C. XXXII from p. 482.)

as† you have handed [them] over to the Church.

† al. eg

The same, book 4 on baptism against the Donatists, c. 12.

Neither therefore outside, just as neither within, can anyone who is on the part of the devil†, either in himself or in any other, defile the sacrament which is of Christ.

The same to Emeritus, epistle 164.

¶The sacraments, which are not changed, are proved to be common to catholics and heretics.

The sacraments, which you have not changed a, as you have them, are approved by us: lest perhaps, when we wish to correct your perversity, we do sacrilegious injury b to those mysteries of Christ, which in your perversity have not been depraved. For neither had Saul depraved the anointing which he had received, to which anointing King David, the pious servant of God, showed so great honor.

The same to the Donatists.

Just as those who feignedly c [approach baptism] truly, not feignedly, receive [the sacrament], nor is their baptism reproved; so also those things which schismatics or heretics [have], if they do not otherwise have [them], nor otherwise do [them], than the true Church, when they come to us, we do not emend d, but rather approve.

¶The very words of the first part of this chapter up to [?] utur, are not found in blessed Augustine: but the substance is in book 1 on baptism against the Donatists, c. 12. The rest of this chapter is in the same book, c. 13.

The same against the letters of Petilian, book 3, c. 9.

¶Let not the sacraments of God be fled by anyone administering them.

Let no one flee the sacraments of God either in a good man or in a wicked man e.

¶In book 3 against the letters of Petilian, whence this chapter seems to have been taken, it is read thus: “Let no one glory either in a good man: let no one flee the goods of God even in a bad man.” This chapter is referred to above at dist. 32. c. praeter §. verum principia.

The same on baptism against the Donatists, book 6, c. 44.

¶The malice of men does not profane the sacraments.

Were not f the Sodomites ethnics — that is, gentiles? The Jews therefore were worse g; to whom the Lord says: [It shall be more tol-

b. ¶Injury. Argument that on account of another, injury ought not to be done to another. De consecratione, dist. 4. ostenditur. ff. de reg. iur. non debet. Johannes.

Just as

c. ¶Feignedly. But is baptism to be given to him who approaches feignedly? Say that* yes, but afterwards he is to be compelled to observe the faith. arg. 45. dist. de Iudaeis. Whether however he is to be baptized while ignorant or unwilling or sleeping, you have: extra de baptismo et eius effectu cap. maiores. §. item quaeritur.

*See S. Thomas 3.p.q. 68. art. 3. j cor. et ar. 4. ad 2. et 3. et art. 8. et q.69. artic. 9. et 10.

d. ¶We do not emend. Below, de cons. dist. 4. ostenditur. & c. solet quaeri. below in the same place, si quis inquit. But to the contrary: J. ea. q. sicut urgeri. But here [it concerns] the feigning of the receiver, which does not impede: there [it concerns] the feigning of the giver, which does impede: or when [it is] not in the form of the Church. 32. dist. nullus.

e. ¶Or in a bad man. That is, tolerated 1, or in necessity: and so this is not contrary to above, dist. 32. nullus. & c. praeter hoc.

¶Were not. THE CASE. Here he shows that among the wicked there were sacraments. For the Jews were worse than the Sodomites: and yet the Lord proved their sacraments to be true, when for the celebration of these he sent the lepers whom he had cleansed: and when his angel stood by Zacharias ministering in the temple, and announced that he had been heard. Nor even did the holy fathers reject the words of the gentiles, where they spoke truth.

f. ¶Were not. Augustine wishes to prove in this chapter that among heretics there are true sacraments: which were among the Jews, who were worse than the Sodomites. Also by another reason: because if the gentiles had any good thing, this the holy men did not reject. That however among the Jews there were true sacraments, he proves by the example of the Lord, and of Zacharias: Zacharias however was good: hence from the person there is no proof: but he sacrificed in the same way as the other Jews.

g. ¶Worse. J. 24. q. 1. non afferamus: because they only transgressed the natural law, but the Jews [transgressed] also the written law.

(Continuing canon C. XXXVII from p. 483.)

[tol-]erable for Sodom on the day of judgment, than for you.] and to whom the prophet says, [You have justified a Sodom.]† that is, in comparison with you she has been made just. Yet were the divine sacraments which were among the Jews, on that account, such b as they themselves were? — these sacraments c which the Lord himself also received, and to celebrate which he sent the lepers whom he had cleansed: and the angel e stood by Zacharias d as he was ministering, and announced that he was heard in the temple. These same sacraments were both in the good men of that time, and in the wicked who were worse than the ethnics, since they were preferred to the Sodomites in malice: and yet those sacraments in both were whole and divine. For our holy men did not reject the gentiles even in their teachings, when they had something correct f, although they themselves on account of their superstitions, and idolatry, and pride, and other lost morals, were to be detested, and unless corrected, to be punished by divine judgment.

† al. your Sodom is justified.

The same, book 3, c. 16.

¶That the wicked can have sacraments, the saints cannot have.

But many† are the operations g of the Holy Spirit, which the Apostle, when in a certain passage h he had recalled [them] in such measure as he judged sufficient, thus concluded: [All these things, &c. one and the same Spirit works, dividing to each as he wills.] Since therefore the sacrament is one thing, which even Simon Magus was able to have: prophecy† is another, which is wont to be wrought even in wicked men, as in Saul i; the operation† of the Spirit is another, which only the good k can have, as is “the end of the commandment, love from a pure heart, and a good conscience, and unfeigned faith”; whatever heretics and schismatics receive, charity, which covers a multitude of sins, is the proper gift of catholic unity and peace: nor is it in all, because not all belong to it.

† al. operation.† al. as Saul had prophecy, another.

The same, in the same book, c. 18.

¶Although the wicked may minister sacraments, they do not bestow remission of sins.

The remission† of sins

† al. remissam] orig.

a. ¶Justified. That is, less wicked. arg. 8. q. 1. uercor[?]. Hence say, “you have justified,” by comparison with a better life, not by the power of judgment.

b. ¶Such. That is, the sacrifice is such as the one sacrificing is. J. ea. Dominus declaravit. ver. item nos dicimus. ADDITION. As if to say no, below in the same place, Dominus. Huguccio.

c. ¶Which. Namely the sacraments, as circumcision, when he was presented with the offerings in the temple. De consecratione, dist. 4. proprie. In the end.

d. ¶And by Zacharias. Behold, through the good, he shows that there was sacrifice among the Jews.

e. ¶The angel. History. It is related in the New Testament that there was in the days of Herod a priest by the name of Zacharias, and his wife by the name of Elizabeth. Now David, wishing to enlarge the worship of the Lord, instituted 24 high priests, of whom however one was greater, who was called the prince of priests; of which number one was Zacharias, who when on the day of propitiation he was placing the incense, an angel foretold to him a son to be born of his wife, on account of which he was struck mute until the day of birth, because he had refused to believe.

f. ¶And correct. Argument: whether on account of detesting the persons one is to detest his sayings. Above 27. dist. v[ers]. si quid ueri. & c. turbat. & below 23. q. 4. quid ergo. J. ea. q. 1. Dominus declaravit. J. 19. dist. sm[?]. J. q. 2. si de area. To the contrary: 9. dist. si ad sacras. To the contrary: dist. 16. canones. Say as in the decretal si ad sacras. Or say that the useful is vitiated by the useless, when there is prejudice to another. 65. dist. c. 1.

¶But many. THE CASE. There are many operations of the Holy Spirit, which Augustine does not enumerate here, but he sends us to the Apostle, who enumerating them adds, All these things, &c. Of these operations some are in the good and the bad, some only in the good. In the good and the bad: as the sacraments, baptism in Simon, and prophecy in Saul, each of whom was bad. In the good only: as charity and other virtues.

g. ¶Operations. That is, many are the gifts, which the Holy Spirit works. 30. q. 1. pervenit. 23. q. 4. Nabuchodonosor. §. de Tyriis.

h. ¶In a certain passage. That is, in the first epistle to the Corinthians, chapter 12.

i. ¶As in Saul. And in Caiaphas, Expedit ut unus moriatur, &c. Below in the same place, q. prophetavit.

K. ¶The good. Namely through indwelling grace. J. 24. q. 3. de illis qui. & ead. cau. q. 1. ubi sana[?]. H. Johannes de Faventiis.

¶Remission. THE CASE. He says here that when anyone is baptized by anyone whatsoever, even a wicked person, the remission of sins which he obtains through baptism, the wicked man does not give him, but the merit of the Church. For only to the good was it said, Whose sins you remit, &c. Only that dove has peace, and therefore binds and looses. And only that one is loosed who has peace with the dove, that is the Church. Or thus: it was said above that certain operations of the Holy Spirit are in the wicked, as baptism, but certain operations are not in the wicked, as remissions of sins, which are given at the prayers of the good of the Church, who with

(Continuing canon C. XXXIX from p. 484.)

the remission of sins which one obtains through baptism is not given by an evil minister, but is given by the merit of the Church — for the greedy a were not bestowing it; rather it is the prayers b of the saints, that is, it is given through the groanings of the dove, whoever it may be that baptizes, if those to whom it is given belong to her peace. For the Lord would not say to robbers and usurers: If you forgive anyone his sins, they are forgiven him; if you retain anyone’s, they are retained. Outside c, indeed, nothing can be either bound or loosed, where there is no one who is able either to bind or to loose: but he is loosed who is not at peace with the dove, whether he be openly d outside, or seem to be within.

§. If, therefore, the sacraments e cannot be defiled by unclean ministers as light cannot be defiled, and if, like a pure stream, they pass through stone channels to fertile garden-plots, it is clear that simoniacs hold the sacrament of anointing to their own disadvantage and ruin, while they administer the same anointing to others usefully and salutarily. Just, then, as the sacraments of heretics are true as regards their form, so they are true and not empty f as regards their effect.

  1. But it must be noted g that of the sacraments some belong to necessity, others to dignity h. For since necessity has no law, it makes a law for itself: those sacraments which are necessary for salvation, since they cannot be repeated, ought not to be taken away (since they are true), but with penitence are allowed to be ratified. But those sacraments i which belong to dignity, unless they are administered worthily — so that the worthy are worthily promoted by worthy ministers — cease to be dignities: not so that the truth of the sacrament is diminished, but so that the office of administering ceases, either by place, or by time, or by promotion.

Of place, as Leo says to Rusticus, bishop of Narbonne, letter 90 al. 92 c. 1.

¶On those who are ordained by pseudo-bishops.

If any clerics by these pseudo-bishops k have been or-

a. ¶The greedy. That is, idolaters, that is, any evil-doers. 28. q. 1. idololatria.

b. ¶The greedy do not give. That is, they are unworthy to give. De consecr. below.

c. ¶Outside. Understand this thus at the chapter De toleratis: take “outside” to mean outside the Church which contains only the grain. But if it concerns those cut off, take “outside” to mean outside the Church militant, which contains both grain and chaff. 7. q. 1. §. cum vero.

d. ¶Openly. When being a Christian one openly attacks the Church, or secretly disturbs the Church. 32. q. 4. ne currat. v. si.

¶If therefore. CASE. Gratian infers from the aforementioned chapter si iustus fuerit that the sacraments of simoniacs are useful to others, even if they do not profit the simoniacs themselves, by the similitude of water running through channels, and of light, which is not defiled by unclean things. But he raises an objection concerning the sacraments of heretics, which are true as to form and as to effect; and he resolves it by saying that the sacraments of necessity confer their effect in full force, but the sacraments of dignity are true only as to form.

e. ¶Sacraments. This refers back to the chapter si iustus fuerit. Below, same title.

f. ¶And not empty. This is true of a sacrament of necessity. 54. q. 1. si quem fortè.

BUT IT MUST BE NOTED. This is the 6th part of the question, in which he draws a distinction between sacraments of necessity and sacraments that are voluntary. For sacraments of necessity, without which no one is saved (such as baptism), can be received from anyone. But voluntary sacraments (such as orders), unless duly given, are not given: but cease either by place, or by order, or by promotion: concerning which he gives many examples, which are proven through 6 chapters. Joannes de Fantutiis.

g. ¶But it must be noted. That is, Gratian responds to the simoniacs by the following distinction added to his conclusion. For a sacrament wrongly received lacks effect in two ways: either because in the sacrament so administered grace is not received — and this is charged to the malice of the recipient: and this is common to all sacraments — or because execution is denied, which is peculiar to sacraments of dignity.

h. ¶Of necessity. Sacraments of necessity are five: baptism, confirmation, penance, extreme unction, the body of Christ. In baptism, however, there is this special feature, that in extreme necessity it can be received from anyone. 32. dist. §. verum. v. finem. And likewise concerning penance.

*See Blessed Thomas, 4. dist. 17. q. 3. a. 4. q. 1 and 2; and dist. 20. q. 1. a. 1. q.

i. ¶Those sacraments. Here he assigns one difference between baptism and the other sacraments: he sets out another below in the same section §. ecce si clericus; another in that §. ecce cum honoris.

¶If any clerics. CASE. It is said in this chapter that if anyone is promoted by common consent from one who was wrongly elected but tolerated, he can ministerially serve in the church to which he was ordained, but not in another. The following §. planus. and everything up to §. ecce.

K. ¶If any clerics by pseudo-bishops. That is, by non-canonical ?

(Continuing canon C. XL from p. 485.)

...ordained to those things that pertained to their proper bishops, and their ordination was made with the consent and judgment of those presiding, it may be held ratified, so that they may continue in those very churches a: but otherwise the ordination is to be deemed void, since it is neither founded in a proper place nor armed with proper authority.

¶This chapter has been corrected and supplemented from the original letter itself, and is also given above at dist. 62. c. 1. § si qui.

Here, then, is someone ordained by pseudo-bishops: if he changes the place of his ordination, such an ordination is void and will be without administration.

Of time, as Innocent says, letter 22 c. 5, on those ordained by Bonosus.

What has been established on account of the necessity of the time b, when the necessity ceases, that which c was pressing† must in all cases likewise cease: for there is one thing that is the legitimate order, and another that is the usurpation which the present time forces to come about.

α. ¶Which to the present. These words are added from Innocent, whose own words in this chapter are reduced to a summary; but below, q. 7 c. quod pro remedio, they are more fully set forth.

Therefore one ordained at another time by one who was like Bonosus shall cease from the administration which was permitted because of the necessity of that time.

Likewise of promotion, as Leo says, letter 3 to Julian †of Aquileia.

If anyone d has stained β himself with the contagion of heretical communion, let him hold it a great favor if, having renounced all hope of promotion e, he remains in the order in which he is found f.

β. ¶Has stained. Here in Blessed Leo other words are interposed, and so c. saluberrimum below q. 7. For this chapter is, as it were, a kind of summary, just as is c. omnis below in the same question, although that one is somewhat fuller.

Here, g if a cleric communicates with heretics whether by ordination or by any sacrament, ceasing from promotion he scarcely remains in his own order. For this sacrament is not like the others. For the rest are either given to wash away faults, as baptism and penance, or are denied because of faults — not eternally but for a time — as the Eucharist, which is granted to a penitent in the article of death even in the case of heinous sins. This one alone is forbidden not only on account of fault, but also on account of infamy h†, and on account of the prerogative of cleanness i that should be his — whether external or internal — of perfection: as it is denied to bigamists, to the husbands of a widow, to the illiterate, or to those defective in any part of the body — to whom, nevertheless, baptism and the Eucharist are not denied. Such a one can also administer the other sacraments; only this one k he is unable to confer.

a. ¶Churches. Below, in the same question, in ecclesia: one who obtained his office by manifest simony is not permitted to minister. Here on the contrary, that is on account of scandal, since the offense is hidden, in the church to which he was assigned he may minister, and not in another, if he is received. Or the distinction is: this when he bought that order, that when he bought a dignity or benefice. Below in the same, erga.

b. ¶What has been established on account of the necessity of the time, etc. When the necessity ceases, the dispensation too ought to cease.

c. ¶That which. That is, the necessity which urges the dispensation; or it is in the accusative, that is, referring to what the necessity was urging — that is, what it was inducing. Argument to the contrary below at 19. q. 2. dux, where it speaks of “on account of criminals.” Bonus solves: there it is of impelling cause, here of final cause. ff. de postn. l. 1.

d. ¶If anyone. This chapter does not speak of strict right.

e. ¶Of promotion. See 34. dist. praecipimus. C. depositi, si depositi. For he must show gratitude for this, as there.

f. ¶Is found. Except in the cases noted. 9. q. 1. in summa 1.

HERE. CASE. Here Gratian shows the difference between the sacrament of orders or dignity, which is not conferred with effect by heretics, and a sacrament of necessity, which is conferred with effect even by a heretic — such as baptism, penance, and the Eucharist: because the sacrament of orders is forbidden not only on account of fault, but also on account of irregularity; whence one who cannot confer this latter sacrament can nevertheless confer the sacraments of necessity.

g. ¶Here. The Master here shows the difference between the sacraments of dignity and the others, and the cause of the difference.

h. ¶Infamy. Which is incurred even without fault. 6. quaest. 1. §. verum.

(Continuing canon C. XLII from p. 486.)

CASE. Concerning this chapter: if anyone ordains, if he escapes deposition, he should not henceforth confer that ordination by which he ordained one unworthy. Extra de temp. ord. litteras.

¶Extra de praeben.

... extra de temp. ord. litteras: but the rule is that one who has ordained unworthily — elsewhere it is held that one who promotes the unworthy is to be deposed — dist. ex penitentibus, and the argument here at si sciverit, since he too is ?

Whence Leo says, to the bishops of Africa, letter 8 al. 87 c. 2.

If any bishops have consecrated a a priest who b is not lawful to be consecrated, even if in some way c they escape the loss of their own honor, nevertheless they shall not henceforth have the right of ordination d e; nor shall those f ever take part in the sacraments which, neglecting the divine judgment, they undeservedly conferred.

Here h, although they escape the danger of losing their honor, so that they are permitted to administer the rest of the sacraments as priests, yet from this one sacrament they are removed — not only on account of heresy or any greater fault, but even on account of negligence. In which it must be carefully noted that the sacrament of priestly promotion is to be given or received with more care and worthiness than all the rest: for unless it be conferred thus, it ceases to be ratified to the extent that it was not duly perfected. The other sacraments are given to each one for his own sake, and become such for each as the heart or conscience with which they are received. This one alone is given not for the recipient’s own sake, but for the sake of others: and therefore it is necessary that it be received with a true heart and clean conscience, as regards the recipient himself, since for the sake of others it must be received truly — not only without any fault, but also without any infamy, on account of the scandal of the brethren: for whose benefit the priesthood is given, not only that they may preside, but also that they may profit them.

Whence Jerome, on c. 3 of Micah.

These men, whomsoever i they ordain as clerics from among their followers, and by exposing their life as a scandal k to the people, are guilty of the infidelity of those who are scandalized.

For indeed those who are chosen for this — that they may preside over the rest — just as they are foreordained in dignity, so they ought to be preeminent in holiness. Otherwise, why are they preferred to the rest, when they are not taken from the rest by any grace of merit? Hence also Symmachus to Laurence, bishop of Milan, after the sixth Roman synod:

a. ¶If any bishops. And though they repent, nevertheless the irregularity stands ?. For there it is not the unworthy ? who remains, but it is this truth, that he merits ordination, as above 50., here at evaserint, provided however that he is in a notorious crime: otherwise he cannot reject him from receiving the order. Extra de temp. ord. ex tenore. Or say that the penalties vary, and today it is treated more mildly, as extra de praeben. graue.

e. ¶They shall not have. That is, when someone is punished in the very thing in which he sinned.

f. ¶Those. Bazianus says that he cannot confer that same order, but a lesser or greater one — certainly — argument extra de temp. or. litteras. For this is a penalty, and therefore ought not to be extended further than the offense is found to extend. H. contradicts, holding that this action makes a simple reference.

g. ¶Ever. Argument that one is to be punished in the very thing in which he sinned. 12. quaest. 2. de viro. et c. qui et humanis infes. ex q. 5. c. 1. s. distin. 81. valet. 17. q. 4. frater. et 7. q. 1. si quis de ordine. et 33. q. 2. admonere. inf. 27. q. 2. qui dormierit.

HERE. CASE. In this section Gratian shows that the sacrament of orders must be conferred more discreetly than the other sacraments, because the others are given only for the sake of the recipient, but this one is conferred for the sake of others; whence it ought to be conferred not only without any fault, but also without any infamy.

h. ¶Here. He still continues to assign the difference and the cause of the difference.

THESE, whomsoever. CASE. It is said in this chapter that bishops who ordain their own unworthy followers, by whom the people are scandalized, are on this account responsible up to c. dedit. But Gratian says the above-mentioned, namely, if as in ?

i. ¶Whomsoever. That is, certain unworthy ones, which I gather from that word, asseclis followers, for from worthy followers, they would be more held to them. 6. dist. non satis.

k. ¶To scandal. Therefore he who gives occasion for harm, etc. extra de iniur. iur. et dam. si egressus. 3. infra contra. 3. quaest. 5. de occidendo, argument therefore he who gives occasion for harm, etc., as it is treated of proximate cause, and with cul-*

†al. Iulianum.

(Continuing from p. 487, end of italic editorial discussion.)

Most vile † a is he to be counted, unless he excels b in learning and holiness, who is more eminent in honor.

§ 7. It is therefore clear c that that saying of Augustine — namely, that the sacraments of Christ ministered through heretics do not lack their effect — is not to be understood generally of all the sacraments, but of the sacrament of baptism.

Whence the same Augustine says, tract. 5 on John.

Judas gave d baptism, and after Judas no one was baptized anew; John gave e f, and after John there was baptizing g; because that which was given by Judas was the baptism of Christ h, but that which was given by John was John’s own. We rightly prefer not Judas to John, but the baptism of Christ given even through the hands of Judas, to the baptism of John given even through John’s own hands. And a little after. ¶Those whom John baptized, John baptized; but those whom Judas baptized, Christ baptized. So, then, those whom a drunkard i baptized, those whom a murderer baptized, those whom an adulterer baptized — if it was the baptism of Christ, Christ baptized them. Again, after a few words. ¶This sacrament is so holy, that it is not polluted even by a murderer ministering it.

†al. To be compared to the vilest.

a. ¶Most vile. ? or in learning he excels in learning &c.

Let the prelate’s learning be such ? sufficient.

Honesty and diligence is required in a prelate.

IT IS THEREFORE CLEAR. This is the 7th part of this question, in which it is said that a sacrament conferred in the form of the Church by an evil catholic, if he is tolerated, is ratified. Joannes de Fant.

c. ¶It is therefore clear. This refers back to that chapter ex catholica, and ca. iustus.

Gave. ¶ CASE. In baptizing a catechumen the merit of the giver is not regarded, as is proved by the example of Judas: for those whom he baptized were not afterwards baptized again, because Christ baptized them. But those who were well baptized by John were afterwards baptized again: because John’s was John’s own baptism. So, then, those whom a drunkard, an adulterer, or a murderer baptizes, Christ baptizes.

d. ¶Gave. Because baptism was a certain sacramental rite by which one was cleansed. De confe. dist. 4. baptismus et ?.

e. ¶Gave. In the name of Christ, the Son, and the Holy Spirit; and therefore distin. 4. aliud.

f. ¶John gave. In the name of John.

g. ¶And there was baptizing. Below, de generabantur.

h. ¶It was the baptism of Christ. In the name of the one to come, &c., and therefore it was read. Here it is to be considered that some were baptized with the baptism of Christ by John; it must be known in what state John was. To those reply that they, not knowing the Holy Spirit in his baptism, were afterwards baptized with the baptism of Christ. But the baptism of John was in the name of the one to come; whence Jerome on ?: He who says he believes in Christ, and does not believe in the Holy Spirit, does not yet have clear eyes. Hence those baptized by John in the name of the one to come — that is, of our Lord Jesus Christ — said: “We have not so much as heard whether there is a Holy Spirit,” but neither did they hear of the Holy Spirit explicitly in the name of Christ. They were rebaptized in the name of Christ — that is, after Christ was baptized in the baptism of John — they had both the Father and the Son; but by the laying on of hands of the apostles upon them they received the Holy Spirit. Others who did not so believe were baptized with the baptism of Christ, as has been said. Whence Jerome: Those who did not know the Holy Spirit when they received baptism from John were baptized again, lest anyone from among the Jews or Gentiles ?.

i. ¶A drunkard. Yet in such a way that he perceives that the intention of the baptized and the baptizer is required, as de consecra. distinct. 4. solet; for no one perceives otherwise. ff. de sup. le. l. Labeo. And so it is not ? continues on next page

(Continuing gloss i ¶A drunkard from p. 488.)

? forgives sins: which Augustine denies that they can be separated from greed. Follows ?

v?g. therefore by the same reasoning a greedy man, that is, he forgives sins, which the heretics themselves deny —

if you regard the force of merit, neither forgives. And Aristotle says in the eighth book of the Topics ?

a. ¶A drunkard. Some additions, deletions, and corrections have been made in this chapter from the original; but the word in question, on account of the gloss, is to remain. For one ought to read, ebriolus slightly drunk.

The same, on baptism, against the Donatists, book 4 c. 4.

¶On the same.

Just as I seem to be pressed when it is said to me, “Therefore a heretic forgives a sins?” so I too b press in turn when I say, “Therefore one who does not keep the heavenly commandments — the greedy, the rapacious, the usurer, the envious, those who renounce the world in words and not in deeds — does he forgive sins?” If by virtue of the sacrament of God, then both the heretic and the greedy man; if by his own merit, then neither. For that sacrament is known to be Christ’s even in evil men. But in the body of the one dove c, incorrupt, holy, chaste, “which has no spot or wrinkle,” neither is found. Just as if someone’s † hand is withered, it would indeed be a true member, although bloodless, and would be ineffectual and dead: so also faith, although it be true, yet without works is dead.

Likewise a little after. ¶So therefore one baptized in heresy in the name of the holy Trinity is nevertheless not a temple of God, if he does not depart from heresy; just as one baptized in the same name while in greed is not a temple of God, if he does not depart from greed, which is the service of idols.

β. ¶Just as if someone’s. These words up to “Likewise” are not read in this place in the published codices of Blessed Augustine, nor among the other collectors.

§ 8. From these words, then, it appears that baptism which is administered by heretics confers, by its own virtue, the remission of sins.

But the same Augustine testifies to the contrary, in book 6 on baptism against the Donatists, c. 1, saying:

¶The baptism of Christ, even if not violated by any perversity, nevertheless lacks effect among heretics.

Even d those slower of heart, as I judge, understand that the baptism of Christ can be violated by no perversity of man, whether of the giver or of the receiver. But since e the sacrament is one thing, and the effect of the sacrament another: since it is certain that those who in the very unity of the Church live wickedly can neither give nor have remission of sins — for it was said not to the wicked but to the good sons: If you forgive anyone his sins, they are forgiven him; if you retain anyone’s, they shall be retained — it is clear, then, that heretics f only give or receive the sacrament of baptism, and do not give the remission of sins.

γ. ¶But since one thing. From here to the end the words of Blessed Augustine are reduced into a summary, but the sense remains intact. The whole passage is found at de consec. dist. 4. Quomodo. §. Non ob aliud.

The same, in sermon 11 on the words of the Lord, on blasphemy against the Holy Spirit.

a. ¶Forgives sins. Above respond contrariwise: to give an instance is to say, for what reason not. You will arrange the argument thus: the heretic baptizes justly; therefore he forgives sin — which I deny. And I press the objection: the greedy man baptizes justly; therefore he forgives sin — which they themselves would not concede. But say the instance is invalid; because it is concluded according to their own opinion. So 27. q. 1. n. puiarum.

¶Of the one dove. Which embraces grain without chaff. 32. q. 4. recurrat §. contra remissionem, and in the final gloss.

FROM THESE. This is the 8th part of the question, in which it is said that baptism given in the form of the Church by anyone is valid: but one who is baptized while cut off is not saved, just as a member cut off from the body does not have the spirit of life. Joan. de Fant.

b. ¶Even. CASE. From this place Augustine proves the contrary; namely, that the baptism of heretics does not have effect. The case, then, is this. It is said in this chapter that even the slow of heart understand slowly that even a wicked man gives and receives true baptism, but does not give the remission of sins, which is the effect of the sacrament: because it was said only to the good: To whomever you forgive sins, &c.

c. ¶Even. From that place the Master adduces chapters by which he means to prove that even though heretics can confer the sacrament, the effect of the sacrament is not theirs to give. Sometimes, however, he adduces authorities that they can confer the effect; and under this alternation he proceeds up to the end of the question with unwearied brow.

e. ¶But since. Just as the element is one thing and the consecration another, as de consecra. distin. 4. suo fuit Cyprianus; for not below in the same, si quis inquit.

continues on next page

(Continuing from p. 489.)

the sacrament can be administered through evil ministers; but the grace itself only through himself, as below de confe. dist. 4. quomodo.

¶On the same.

Bodily sacraments a, which they carry and celebrate even when separated from the unity of the body of Christ, can present the form of piety b: but the invisible and spiritual power of piety cannot be in them; just as feeling does not remain in a man’s limb when it is cut off from the body.

¶In some old codices this and the following chapter are joined to the preceding.

Likewise Ambrose, in the book On Initiating the Untrained.

¶On the same.

The baptism c of the perfidious does not heal; it does not cleanse, but pollutes: because in the flood d of many waters one does not draw near to the Lord; for, as is said by the Apostle: Whatever is not of faith e is sin. And it does not profit either those who administer or those for whom it is administered — indeed, it is to their judgment.

a. ¶It pollutes. Up to this point Ambrose. But Algerus, book 3 c. 1, in citing this passage, adds text up to the word approximatur, and then c. 13, also citing the same book of Blessed Ambrose, adds the rest of this chapter to the end.

Likewise Leo, to Nicetas bishop of Aquileia, letter 77 al. 79 c. 7.

¶Let those who have received baptism from heretics be confirmed by the laying on of hands.

Those who have received baptism from heretics, if they had not been baptized f before, are to be confirmed by the laying on of hands with the sole invocation of the Holy Spirit; because they received only the form of baptism without the power of sanctification. Therefore we preach to all the churches, as you know, that this rule must be kept: that the laver once begun be violated by no repetition, the Apostle saying: One g Lord, one h faith, one i baptism. Whose washing is to be profaned by no repetition; but, as we have said, only the sanctification of the Holy Spirit is to be invoked, so that what k no one receives from heretics may be obtained from catholic priests.

9. But it must be noted that the heretics — such as the Arians and Sabellians, of whom l some confessed an inequality and others an indistinction of persons m — administered baptism not in the form n of the Church but in the form of their own perversity. ¶Concerning these specifically

a. ¶Bodily. CASE. Just as an amputated limb has no feeling, so also bodily baptism given outside the Church is without effect.

a. ¶Bodily. Sacraments which are conferred by the ministry of bodies and around bodies; or because some are bodily, as chrism, or are the forms of bodies, or because they are conferred under bodily species. But do they perish with the body? Argument that they do not. Infr. ead. quod quidam. 32. q. 7. tantum valet.

b. ¶Of piety. That is, of holy religion and truth: but he says this because piety is there when truth is, &c.

¶Does not heal. CASE. It is said in this chapter that the baptism of the perfidious does not profit. And this is proved by the authority of the Apostle, who says: everything that is not of faith is sin; indeed it rather harms those who receive that baptism.

c. ¶Baptism. Given outside the form of the Church, as infr. eod. § sed notandum.

d. ¶Who in the flood of waters. That is, in the multitude of diverse opinions or sects; or in flood only, because baptism alone does not suffice unless grace also be given.

e. ¶From faith. That is, with faith working through love.

¶Those who. CASE. It is said here that those who are baptized by heretics are to be confirmed by the laying on of the bishop’s hand, so that they may thus receive the grace of the Holy Spirit in the Church: baptism, however, ought not to be repeated, the Apostle saying: One God, &c.

f. ¶Baptized. For then they had received nothing from ?

g. ¶One. That is, incommunicable ?

h. ¶One. That is, from one ?

i. ¶One. That is, one ? whether for little children or for adults ? hinders, or one, because in ?

k. ¶So that what. Namely, the sacrament; the remission of sins ? infra ea. §. nemo. For ? in time of necessity he receives it. 32. dist. §. verum.

¶But it must be noted. This is the 9th part of the question, in which it is said that some heretics do not baptize in the form of the Church. Other heretics give baptism, but it is repeated. Joan. de Fant., you say, is above the same, in particular at the chapter non sanat. They are understood to be baptized in the form of the Church, those who ? have been baptized. And this he proves by the following chapter.

l. ¶Of whom. As the Arians, who say not the same as the Father. 24. q. 3. quidam. vers. Ariani.

m. ¶Of persons. As the Sabellians, who say that the person of the Father, and of the Son, and of the Spirit is one. 3. quidam. versi. Sabelliani.

n. ¶Of the Church. Which is necessary. 32. et inf. ea. c. de nube.

(Continuing from p. 490.)

¶If anyone takes refuge. CASE. It was decreed in the Council of Nicaea that if anyone of the Paulianists or Cataphrygians comes to the Catholic Church, he is to be rebaptized. But if they were clerics among them, and unblemished and irreprehensible, let them likewise be ordained by the bishop of the Catholic Church. But if, upon examination, they are found less fit, they ought to be deposed. The same form will be observed concerning deacons and all others who are found in the same clergy.

Ambrose has spoken, saying: The baptism of the perfidious does not heal, &c. But also that they be rebaptized and reordained was established in the Nicene Council, c. 19.

¶Let those be rebaptized and reordained who return to the Church from the Paulianists and Cataphrygians.

If anyone takes refuge in the Catholic Church from the Paulianists a and Cataphrygians α b, it has been altogether established that he must be baptized. But if any were clerics among them, if they are unblemished and irreprehensible, they are to be rebaptized, and again c also ordained by the bishop of the Catholic Church. But if upon examination they prove less fit, they ought to be deposed d. Likewise also concerning deacons β, and concerning all who are found in the same clergy, the same form will be observed.

α. ¶Cataphrygians. This word is read in the old version, which is found in various printed and manuscript exemplars of the Isidorian collection; but it is not in the Greek canon, nor in the version of Dionysius, nor in others more recent. That these too are to be baptized is taught in the Council of Laodicea, c. 8, in the seventh or second Nicene synod, c. 7, and below de consec. dist. 4. c. hi vero, which is from Gregory.

β. ¶Deacons. The Greek is, περὶ τῶν διακονισσῶν, καὶ ὅλως περὶ τῶν ἐν τῷ κανόνι ἐξεταζομένων, that is, Concerning deaconesses, and concerning all who are altogether enrolled in the canon.

Likewise Innocent to the bishops of Macedonia, letter 22 c. 5.

¶On the same. C. LIII.

The Paulianists e by no means baptized in the name of the Father, the Son, and the Holy Spirit; the Novatians do baptize with those same fearful and venerable names; nor among the latter was any question ever raised concerning the unity of the divine power, that is, of the Father, the Son, and the Holy Spirit.

Others f keep the form of the Church in baptizing. But, when they are baptized by those who in heresy or schism communicate with them, they indeed receive from them the sacrament of baptism, but they do not obtain its power, which no one can obtain without faith. Whence it is said of the Lord that in his own country g he could h not work signs because of their unbelief.

Whence Augustine tract. 80 on c. 15 of John, and sermon On the Cataclysm, c. 5, at the beginning.

¶When the word approaches the element, the sacrament is made.

Take away i the word — and what is the water, but water? Add—

a. ¶Paulianists. Who used to say that Christ had not always existed, but had his beginning from Mary, as below 24. q. 3. quidam. §. Paulianistae.

b. ¶Cataphrygians. The Cataphrygians say that the Holy Spirit is a little man, &c. as in the said c. quidam. v. Cataphrygae.

c. ¶Again. Argument that one not baptized receives no order. Extra de presbyt. non bapti. c. si quis presbyter. Below in the same title, c. si quis per ignorantia. §. ea. cum Paulus.

d. ¶Deposed. In fact, or “deposed” — that is, not admitted.

e. ¶Paulianists. These did not baptize in the form of the Church; but the Novatians did; but they rebaptize those already baptized. But those who have been baptized by them in the form of the Church, if they communicate with them in heresy, then they do not receive the effect of the sacrament, which no one without faith can obtain.

f. ¶Others. This §. refers back to the §. set above, sed notandum.

g. ¶In his own country. Because no prophet is accepted in his own country.

h. ¶Could not. That is, would not, or because it did not befit his power. Argument 32. q. 5. si Paulus, because they themselves were unbelieving. But could you not also cause that they not be unbelieving, and so work miracles? For the rule of law says that he who can cause that he can do something is said to be able, as ff. de regu. iur. qui potest. But that rule is understood of one who is bound by necessity, and is constrained to do something.

¶Take away the word. CASE. Here it is shown that if the evangelical word be added to water in the proper form, a sacrament is made: in which there is so great a power, that it touches the body and washes the heart — not, however, because the word is said, but because faith is given to it. Following §. pater.

i. ¶Take away. That is, if someone immerses someone, and ?

(Continuing canon C. LIIII from p. 491.)

if one does not utter the words, he does not baptize: for neither the element alone nor the words alone suffice for this. The word approaches the element, and the sacrament is made b. Whence comes this great power of water — that it should touch the body and wash the heart — except by the action of the word c: not because it is said, but because it is believed d. For even in the word itself, the passing sound is one thing e, and the abiding power is another f.

Concerning those also who are baptized in heresy or schism, Augustine writes in the book on faith to Peter the Deacon, c. 36, saying:

¶Those baptized outside the Church heap up ruin for themselves, if they do not return to the Church.

Hold most firmly, and in no way doubt, that for those baptized outside the Church, if they do not return to the Church, baptism confers a cumulus of ruin upon them. For the communion of ecclesiastical society avails so much t ? unto salvation, that one is not saved by baptism to whom it is not given where it must be given.

The same, tract. 13 on c. 3 of John.

¶The gifts that are had apart from the unity of the Church are weak.

Let us hold h, my brothers, to unity. Apart from unity, even one who works miracles is nothing i. For the people of Israel were in unity, and were not working miracles; the magicians of Pharaoh were outside the unity, and were working things like Moses. The people of Israel, as I have said, were not working miracles. Who were saved with God — those who were doing miracles, or those who were not? Peter is dumb in the sense that if he cannot speak, he does not baptize r ?: and “because it is said, but because it is believed” — this refers to the recipient: because the faith of the conferring minister is not required, but the faith of the receiver. De consec. dist. 4. tunc valere. For from the giver himself only the intention is required, as I said above at ca. sicut.

c. ¶By the action. That is, in the form of the Gospel: in the name of the Father, and of the Son, and of the Holy Spirit.

d. ¶Is believed. As above ca. sicut. It seems, therefore, that a mute man can baptize: because he can contract marriage: especially if he can express the three persons, which I concede. Infra de consec. dist. 4. detrahe verbum.

e. ¶Sound. There is a vocal sound, and there is a mental sound.

f. ¶Another. That is, the efficacy conferred upon it by God. Infra de cons. dist. 4. c. solet; and c. quamvis, and c. ecclesia paradiso.

¶Most firmly. CASE. It is said here that baptism does not profit if it be conferred outside the unity of the Church, unless the baptized person returns to the Church.

g. ¶Heap up. The heaping up of punishment. 32. q. 7. usque adeo.

¶Let us hold. CASE. It is said here that outside the truth of the Church, gifts — even miraculous ones — do not profit. And this is proved by the example of the people of Israel and the magicians of Pharaoh, who worked miracles and nevertheless were damned; but the people of Israel did not work miracles, and yet were saved — just as certain Christians in the New Testament are saved although they have done no miracles, but Simon Magus, who was damned, worked miracles. The following chapter makes this plain.

h. ¶Let us hold. He proves that baptism can be conferred by evil men, and that they too can work miracles. Infra ca. prophetauit.

i. ¶Is nothing. That is, as to eternal life.

Editorial marginal notes: Baptism performed at the shore of the sea does not consecrate the whole sea. We may measure ourselves against God, but we cannot deceive him. Miracles are common to good and evil men. The magicians Jannes and Jambres performed three miracles. ?

Magicians. Jannes and Jambres. These magicians, namely Jannes and Jambres, performed three miracles: they turned rods into serpents, water into blood, and made the water teem with frogs; but the lice ? they could not bring forth as Moses did. Whence they said: The finger of God is here. And so they failed at the fourth miracle, namely at the third plague: because the first was not a plague, and therefore they are sometimes said to have failed at the third miracle, because at the third ?

(Continuing from p. 492.)

plague. 16. quaest. 1. cap. nec mirum.

¶48. §. 9.

The Apostle raised up a dead man, yet Simon Magus performed many wonders. There were many Christians there who could do neither what Peter did, nor what Simon did. But why did they rejoice? Because their names were written in heaven.

Likewise Leo to bishop Nicetas, letter 77 al. 79 c. 7.

¶Baptism once handed down is not to be repeated.

This a rule, as you know, we preach to be observed in all the churches: that the laver once begun be violated by no repetition, the Apostle saying: One Lord, one faith, one baptism. Whose washing is to be profaned by no repetition; but, as we have said, only the sanctification of the Holy Spirit is to be invoked, so that what no one b receives from heretics may be obtained from catholic priests.

10. By “no one” b is to be understood no one established in heresy or schism. But if with integrity of faith and purity of soul anyone has received baptism from the hand of heretics in the form c of the Church: then is fulfilled that saying of Augustine: “Through a stone channel d, water also passes to the garden-plots.” And again: The spiritual virtue of the sacrament, &c.

The same, sermon 20 on the words of the Lord, on blasphemy against the Holy Spirit.

¶Even through evil men the good are gathered.

The Holy Spirit in the holy Church, even at this time, when † the threshing-floor orig. how is threshed as grain with chaff, so works that he despises no one’s true confession, is deceived e by no one’s pretense, and shuns the reprobate f in such a way that even through their ministry he gathers the upright g.

¶Here is when † baptism from heretics is received with its virtue: which administration is so necessary, that even what is given by pagans h cannot be repeated. Whence in the ecclesiastical history it is read that Alexander, bishop of Alexandria, when he was celebrating the solemnities of the martyr Peter, after the sacraments of the Masses were completed, saw on the seashore the play of boys i imitating, as is wont to be done, a bishop, and performing those things which are customarily done in the church. He at once ordered them to be brought before him, and inquired what they had done. They unfolded the order of the matter, confessing that certain catechumens had been baptized by them through Athanasius k, a boy who had played the bishop among them. When from their responses he saw that everything was in accordance with the rite of our religion, he decreed that those over whom water had been poured with complete questions l and responses should not be repeated

a. ¶This. This is part of that c. 3 in the same title, hi qui. And he repeats here the end of that chapter so as to expound it in the following §.

NO ONE. This is the tenth part of the question, in which it is said that baptism can be given by anyone: and this up to §. hoc ergo. Joan. de Fantutiis.

b. ¶No one. Argument bearing on the question of the intruder, whether through him a cleric can be presented to a church, and whether a just sentence may be given through a heretic. De consec. dist. 2. And Lord Joan. said that both are false, because the intruder is not tolerated, and the heretic is excommunicated.

c. ¶Form. Namely, in necessity, or in ignorance.

d. ¶Through a stone channel. Ca. si iustus.

¶The Holy Spirit. CASE. It is said here that the Holy Spirit is deceived by no one’s pretense, yet uses the faithful in such a way that through their ministry he gathers the good.

e. ¶Is deceived. For we may lie to God, but we cannot deceive him. De consec. dist. 2. panem. For all things are certain to him. ff. de aedil. But also f. retentatur. §. vlti. Argument to the contrary 81. dist. oportet. 16. q. 1. revertimini. F. ea. c. si iustus.

f. ¶The reprobate. Argument that the religion of another should not prejudice anyone in his own cause; for one should not be the more believed because he works signs and miracles, since these are common to good and to evil men, as above ca. multa.

g. ¶The upright. Because they receive with that heart of faith. Infr. eo. non nocet.

HERE. This is from Huguccio, and the history set down in it is plain from the text.

h. ¶By pagans. If given in the form of the Church. De consec. distinct. 4. à quodam.

i. ¶Of boys. Capable of deceit. Otherwise they would do nothing — for such children are compared to the insane. ff. de acquiren. posses. l. prima, §. primo. 1 c. quaest. 1. illud. But who is capable of deceit, the law tells, namely, he who is near to puberty. ff. de regu. iur. pupillum. But the ignorant acquires something. ff. quemadmo. ser. amit. si partem. §. 2.

k. ¶Through Athanasius. A proper name.

l. ¶With complete questions. By the fact that he says “complete,” it is clear that the deed was not done in jest: and so that question is not resolved here. Argument de conse. dis. 4. solet quaeri. Although some say it is resolved here. But I say also that, even though he receives the form in play, provided that he intends to baptize, he baptizes. But if all things are done in jest, it was not baptism. Argument 22. q. 2. c. quod ait. ff. de actio. & oblig. obligationum ?

Editorial marginal note: One baptized in jest is not baptized.

Decret. Grat. ps. ii. II

(Continuing from p. 493.)

baptism a should not b be repeated, but rather completed c, and the custom for priests is concerning these matters. Hence Isidore also says.

¶On those who, through ignorance, are ordained before being baptized.

If anyone e is ordained through ignorance before he is baptized, those baptized by him must be baptized again, and he himself shall not be ordained further f. But the Roman Pontiff judges not the human being who baptizes, but the Spirit of God to administer the grace of baptism, even if he who baptizes be a pagan.

Burchard and Ivo cite this chapter from the sayings of Isidore: from which form of citation it is customarily indicated that these are not the proper words of the author. It seems, moreover, that in the first part either a question is posed, or someone’s false opinion is recited, to which then in the latter part the true view is opposed. “But the Roman,” etc., which is also cited below in de consec. dist. 4. cap. Romanus from Isidore. And this is more clearly explained in book 5 of the Capitularia, c. 4 in these words: If anyone has been baptized by an unbaptized presbyter, and the holy Trinity was invoked in that baptism, he has been baptized, as Pope Sergius said: he does, however, need the imposition of the hand. Gregory, the Roman bishop, and John the Sacellarius held this view.

¶PALEA.

If a presbyter, once ordained, discovers that he has not been baptized, let him be baptized, and let him be ordained again a.

Although this Palea is so designated, it is cited from the tom. collectio which is in the volumes of councils after the decrees of Alexander III, and chapter de presbytero non baptizato from the council at Compiègne.

α. ¶Again. There followed: “and all whom he previously baptized”: which has been struck out, because it is not contained in the said c. 1. de presbytero non bapt., nor in c. veniens of the same title, where it is reported, although it is contained in the other places indicated.

¶That the other sacraments cannot be administered by heretics, Jerome testifies in his commentary on the prophet Haggai, c. 1.

¶Things offered by heretics are not pleasing to God.

Such is the people, and such is the nation of all heretics in my sight, says the Lord; whatever they do, in that the sacrament of baptism received from a heretic in necessity or in ignorance is valid h, yet the other sacraments cannot be administered by them: and if performed by them, they are empty, and this is understood by the following chapters on the sacraments of heretics, in which the form of the church is omitted, or when they are received from them apart from necessity, and knowingly.

a. ¶Baptism. Argument that a sacrament is not to be repeated, even if it is not perfect.

b. ¶Should not. Argument that dissimulation ought not to prejudice anyone. l. 5. dist. 22. quod interrogatur. J. 21. q. 5. eccle. inf. de consec. dist. 4. solet quaeri, against. J. ca. 12. q. 2. quod ait. ff. de act. & oblig. obligationum.

c. ¶But completed. Argument 23. dist. quorum: and in l. dam. 7. q. 1. nihil.

d. ¶These things which. That is, that they should anoint on the crown and breast and shoulders, extra de sac. non ite. c. 1. in fin. John.

¶Arg. on “if anyone.” Someone, before he was baptized, was ordained a presbyter, and before baptism he baptized many. Now the question arises whether those baptized by him ought to be baptized again, and whether he himself ought to be repelled from promotion. And the Roman Pontiff replies that they ought not to be baptized again: but from promotion ? he must cease. And he reads the text interrogatively up to that point, “But the Roman Pontiff.”

e. ¶If anyone. Some present the case thus. Two questions are put here to Isidore. First, whether those baptized by one ordained before baptism are to be rebaptized. Second, whether he himself ought to be ordained to the presbyterate. And it must be said that he replies to the first question from that point, “But the hand.” To the second question he does not reply, but it can be decided through the chapter above in the same title, si quis confugerit. And according to this, the whole is read under interrogation up to that point, “but Roman.” But according to this you will supply in the text, “he shall not be ordained further: but,” that is, “because,” etc. And thus he answers one question, not the other. Arg. extra de praesump. nonne. instit. de inutil. stip. §. quoties. C. de dier. rescrip. l. 1. and this is true, since they are connected. Others read the chapter plane and say that the baptized by him ought to be rebaptized. But they speak wrongly; whence “But the Roman” is corrective. “And he himself shall not be ordained further,” and this is corrected above in the same title, si quis confugerit. Or here he speaks of strict law according to Isidore, according to the case which Isidore poses, according to the false opinion of certain ones, namely that such are to be rebaptized, whence he immediately corrects himself there, “but Roman.” As if to say, so others say, but Roman, etc.

f. ¶Shall not be ordained. Of strict law, otherwise it holds. extra de cler. non ordi. ministran. c. 1.

g. ¶Pagan. Sup. dist. 32. §. verum. inf. de cons. dist. 4. quos à paganis. Against, but there they were baptized apart from the form of the church; here, however, it treats of that baptism which is administered in the form of the church.

¶QVOD AVTEM. CASE. It was said above that the sacrament of baptism received from a heretic in necessity or in ignorance is valid, but the other sacraments cannot be administered by them ?.

h. ¶Cannot. With effect freely. Note that what is done freely harms. Likewise, note that it is to be considered not what one does, but on whose authority one does it.

¶Such is the people. CASE. He says in this chapter that the offerings of heretics or their vows, whether for peace or for sins or for the church ?, their fasts, alms, and songs, are all contaminated in the sight of God. The following chapters up to chapter si quis inquit are plain: because they speak of the same matter, and the same thing is repeated, and you will see for yourself.

i. ¶Such is the people. “Such,” consequentially, and the following things ?

(Continuing canon C. LXI from p. 494.)

they have offered to me, whether vows a, or for welfare b, or peace-offerings c, or for sin, or for transgression, or as a holocaust d, whether alms, or fasts, or continence of food and chastity of body, they shall be contaminated in my sight e. For although the things offered by such people may appear holy in their outward form f, yet, because they have been touched by one who is polluted in soul, all things shall be polluted.

α. ¶Such is the people. In the original it reads, “Such is this people, and such is that nation,” namely of the Jews, and of the Gentiles, and of all heretics, etc.

β. ¶Vows. In the same place it has, “or vows for welfare,” but on account of the gloss it has not been altered.

Likewise on the prophet Amos, c. 5.

¶On the same.

God hates the sacrifices of heretics, and casts them from himself; and as often as they are gathered together under the name of the Lord, he detests their stench, and closes his nostrils g.

The same, on Hosea, c. 6.

¶On the same.

They offer sacrilegious bread, and give alms, and seem to follow humility. Such things, if they are done truly h, I interpret as holocausts. But since they have abandoned the knowledge of God, in vain do they boast that they have the other members of faith when the head i has been cut off.

The same on the Epistle to the Galatians, c. 1.

¶Without faith and charity neither the Gospel is had, nor do any good works profit.

Marcion k, and Basilides l, and the other plagues of heretics do not have the Gospel of God; because they do not have the Holy Spirit, without which the Gospel that is taught becomes merely human m, n. Nor should we think that the Gospel consists in the words of the Scriptures, but in their meaning o; not on the surface, but in the marrow; not in the leaves of words, but in the root of reason.

The same, on c. 5 of the same epistle.

¶On the same.

Such things we suffer. See how great a good charity is. If we have so suffered martyrdom that we wish our relics to be honored by men; if, following the opinion of the crowd, we have fearlessly poured out our blood, and have given our substance even to our own destitution; to such a work p, not so much a reward as a punishment is owed, and the torments of perfidy rather than the crown q of victory.

Likewise from the Council of Laodicea, c. 32.

¶The blessing of heretics is a curse.

One ought not to receive the blessings of heretics: since they are curses rather than blessings.

a. ¶Or vows. This is general, and afterward he subdivides it and the parts.

b. ¶Or for welfare. He says “for welfare” and “for sin” as though they were names of sacrifices: of which one was offered for preserving welfare, the other for purging sins. Some manuscripts do not have the second, according to H.

c. ¶Or peace-offerings. Thus was called the sacrifice that was offered for peace either obtained or to be obtained.

d. ¶Or as a holocaust. Holon (whole), cauma (burning). 50. dist. ponderet. versic. vna.

e. ¶In my sight. For ecclesiastical dignity does not make Christians, as in 5. 1. q. 7. non omnes episcopi.

f. ¶In their outward form. As to the surface.

g. ¶Closes his nostrils. In a similar way 24. q. 1. odi.

h. ¶Truly. That is, out of charity and faith. de poe. dist. 4. c. penul. & vlt.

i. ¶With the head cut off. That is, with faith, which is the foundation of all good things. sup. ead. cum Paulus.

k. ¶Marcion. This Marcion said that there are two principles, one of higher things, the other of lower things. 24. q. 3. quidam. versi. & Marcionitae.

l. ¶Basilides. This man denied that Christ was ? baptized ? 24. quaest. 3. cap. quidam.

m. ¶Human. That is, not divine, not conferring grace.

n. ¶Gospel. In words. Argument that words serve things, not things words; for intention is preferred to words. arg. 13. q. 1. c. 2. verb. verba. arg. 38. dist. sedulo. arg. 22. q. 5. humanae. and q. 2. ne quis. arg. 23. q. 1. paratus. and q. 8. occidit. arg. 29. dist. regulae.

o. ¶But in the meaning. arg. 11. q. 3. antecessor. &c. quod praedecessor. arg. ff. de leg. & senatusc. scire leges. arg. extra de verb. sig. propterea. & c. intelligentia. arg. 22. q. 2. is qui.

p. ¶Work. See how much it is a sin to give alms for vainglory. arg. 23. q. 1. militare. 24. q. 1. prodi. ?

q. ¶Than the crown. supra dist. 90. neque, in fi. & c. si quis autem infra de poe. dist. 3. §. pe. against. arg. Augustine says that if anyone who lacks charity suffers martyrdom, even if it does not profit him unto eternal life, it nevertheless profits him at least toward bearing a lesser punishment. Solution: there he is dealing with those who, with good zeal but not in accord with conscience, undergo martyrdom; here, with those who do so arrogantly, as is hinted here. John.

¶One ought not. Blessings. That is, sacraments, or doctrines: or he says this ironically, blessings ?

Editorial marginal notes: Martyrdom does not always profit toward eternal salvation. Error of the heretic Basilides: that Christ was not baptized ? in the name.

Decret. Grat. 2. ps. III

(Continuing from p. 495.)

benedictions, that is, dignities and proclamations, which seem to the uneducated to be blessings, or abuses of blessings.

to heathens and publicans, so that we should not take food with them, much more strongly are heretics themselves cut off. Fifth, because not only they themselves are punished, but also those who favor them and use their sacraments. Sixth, by the authority of the prophet Hosea, saying that their sacrifices are the bread of mourning.

Likewise from the council of Pope Martin, c. 70.

It shall not be lawful for clerics or laymen to receive eulogies from heretics; because they are curses rather than blessings: nor shall it be lawful to pray either with heretics or with schismatics.

a. ¶It shall not. ¶Schismatics. J. de consec. dist. 1. eps nullum. Against. Solution: that was of old, this is strengthened by the custom of the church. H.

b. ¶Nor true. As regards having the substance of the sacrament, and lawful execution.

c. ¶In the property of our nature. That is, by the true faith of the incarnation, by which we believe that Christians are reconciled to God by his being born, dying, and rising again, etc. 23. dist. qui episcopus.

ADDITION. Or in his own proper human nature. As if to say, they are not valid and true with respect to the effect of execution, or of grace and salvation, without the faith of the mediator, that is, unless one believes that Christ is true God, and has reconciled us to the Father. Without this faith, nothing avails for those who offer, as regards life and salvation, and likewise for those who receive. Pe.

Likewise Leo to Anatolius, bishop of Constantinople, ep. 38, c. 2.

In the Church of God, which is the body of Christ, otherwise neither are priesthoods valid, nor sacrifices true, unless in the property of our nature the true Pontiff reconciles us, the true blood of the immaculate Lamb cleanses.

The same to Leo Augustus, ep. 73.

It is manifest that through the most cruel and most insane savagery † in the see of Alexandria all the light of the heavenly sacraments has been extinguished. The offering of the sacrifice has been intercepted; the sanctification of chrism has failed; and all the mysteries have withdrawn themselves from the parricidal hands of the impious.

† var. madness

d. ¶It is manifest through the most cruel. Namely, the Arian.

e. ¶Extinguished. As 24. q. 3. resecandae.

f. ¶Intercepted. That is, utterly consumed as regards effect ?. And so Ovid says in the sixth book of the Metamorphoses, in the fable of the frogs: Their necks seem intercepted.

Likewise the blessed Martyr Cyprian in his letter against the heretics.

If anyone, he says, has gone forth from the church through heretical presumption, he is condemned by himself. With such a person, according to the Apostle, we ought not even to take food. This is shown in the book of Kings, where, when the man of God had been sent to Jeroboam, who was to reproach him for his sins ...

¶If anyone. CASE. This chapter is divided into three parts. In the first, Cyprian says that if anyone follows a heresy already condemned, he seems to condemn himself, and we ought not to take food or drink with him: as the Apostle testifies, and this is also proved by the history of Abdo ? the prophet. In the second it is said that the sacraments are not to be received from them, because they are false, since not even temporal food is to be taken with them: and that they are false, he proves in many ways. In the third part he says that whoever defends them are punished, and not only the leaders and authors, but also the participants. And this is proved by the authority of Moses and the prophet Hosea. The second part begins there, An debet. The third there, Quare qui. John also set out a case in his apparatus, and you will see it.

CASE. Cyprian intends to prove that we ought not to use the sacraments of heretics. First, by the authority of the Apostle, who forbids taking bodily food with them. Second, by the authority of the Lord, who forbade the prophet Abdo to take food with them. Third, because heretics have only the image of the sacraments, as an ape, but they do not have true sacraments. Fourth, because if the evil who are in the church, after a threefold admonition, are compared

g. ¶Has gone forth. That is, acted, on account of which he deserves to go forth and be condemned. arg. 24. q. 3. si quis non recto.

h. ¶By himself. That is, by his own act, namely by falling into a heresy already condemned, as below 4. q. 5. c. 1. below 24. q. 1. c. 1. 2. & 3.

i. ¶He is condemned. That is, he has cast himself into excommunication. 4. 7. q. 1. denique.

4. Or say: he is condemned, that is, he himself has done that for which he is justly condemned. fi. 11. q. 3. placuit universo, &c. & c. ipse ligandi. Ar.

k. ¶To Jeroboam. History. It is read in the third book of Kings that when the prophet Abdo was sent to Jeroboam to rebuke him for idolatry, it was said to him that he should neither eat nor drink in Samaria, and that when the business was completed he should return, but a prophet deceived him and led him into Bethel, that he might eat with him, and when he had eaten, the prophet spoke to him in the spirit, saying: because ? you have eaten and drunk the word of God in a forbidden place, your corpse shall not be brought into the sepulchers of your fathers, and as he was returning seated on an ass, a lion attacked and killed him.

¶To Jeroboam. As 7. q. 1. denique, who had made two idols, and had set up one in Bethel, another in Dan.

(Continuing C. LXX from p. 496.)

and would foretell future vengeance; he was also forbidden to eat bread with him † and to drink water. When he failed to keep this, by divine sentence as he was returning, he perished on the way from the bite of a lion.

† “with that man”] orig.

¶And does anyone dare to say that the saving water of baptism and heavenly grace can be held in common with heretics †, with whom not even earthly food, nor secular drink, ought to be in common? Moreover, it is established that the oil, with which the baptized are anointed, cannot be sanctified at all among them, and that the Eucharist cannot be made there, where there is no hope; and where faith is false, where all things are done through falsehood. For the heretic †, in the manner of apes, which, although they are not men, nevertheless imitate human things, wishes to claim for himself the authority and truth of the Catholic Church, when he himself is not in the church. He blesses, though cursed by God; he promises life, though dead; he invokes God, though a blasphemer; he administers the priesthood, though profane; he sets up an altar, though sacrilegious: all these evils, and yet another evil — that the bishop of the devil should dare to make the Eucharist, when the offering cannot be sanctified there where the Holy Spirit is not, nor can the Lord profit anyone through his prayers and entreaties, who has himself violated the Lord. For if those who scorn the church are held to be heathens and publicans, much more certainly are rebels and enemies — those who fashion false altars and unlawful priesthoods and sacrilegious sacrifices and adulterated names — to be counted among heathens and publicans: all of whom it is established have departed from the charity and unity of the church. Therefore, all things whatsoever that heretics do are carnal, and empty, and false; so that nothing of what they have done ought to be approved by us. Things which are boasted of in Christ’s name are not to be received and accepted immediately †, but those which are done in the truth of Christ. For how can they perform what they do, or obtain anything from God by unlawful endeavors, who attempt against God what is not permitted to them? ¶Wherefore, those who patronize heretics † and schismatics are proved by divine censure in their wickedness, and not only the leaders and authors but also the participants are appointed to penalties, unless they separate themselves from the fellowship of the wicked, as the Lord commanded through Moses, saying: Separate yourselves from the tents of these most hardened men, and touch nothing † of what is theirs, lest you perish together in their sin. And what the Lord had threatened through Moses, he fulfilled, so that whoever did not separate himself from Korah, and Dathan, and Abiron immediately paid the penalty for their impious communion: just as

† Schismatics] orig.

† Novatianus] orig.

† Novatianus or other such schismatics] orig.

a. ¶There is no hope. arg. 24. q. 1. ille. and q. 5. miles. and q. 1. quid culpatur. 8. q. 1. sciendum. arg. 11. q. 3. si quis eps. and c. non semper. and c. si dominus. arg. H. Here is the argument that three seals must not be received at once. arg. extra de proba. c. tertio. For letters must be approved. ff. de procu. si procuratorem. ff. quod cuiusque universi. § quod si actor. The seal, however, is not rejected, if it does not have the name of the author, extra de eo, qui mit. in pos. cum sicut. In the part decided.

b. ¶Through falsehood. Here Cyprian erred, as Augustine says, and he corrects him in 32. distinct. §. verum. below de consecrat. distinct. 4. quomodo. Some, however, wish to excuse him here, because he understood this of heretics who do not keep the form of the church. Or this phrase, all things through falsehood, etc., excuses him. arg. de consecrat. distinct. 4. solet quaeri. Or he said this against the heretics whom he was always pursuing, as also Pelagius. 24. quaestio. 1. schisma. And there was an excess of truth there.

c. ¶Censure. ?

d. ¶They have separated themselves. Here is the argument that a husband knowing himself related to his wife in a near degree of consanguinity, even if he has failed in proving the consanguinity, ought to abstain from her entirely even if the bishop orders him not to abstain. arg. dist. 50. si quis praepostera. What then if the bishop excommunicates him? Let him bear it patiently, let him not care, since he is not bound before God, as 11. q. 3. quomodo. and c. quid obest. below same ut evidenter. H.

e. ¶Through Moses. History. It is read in the book of Numbers that Korah, Dathan, and Abiron, and other 250 men of the tribe of Levi, wishing to have the honor of the priesthood with them, rose up against Moses and Aaron, and murmured; despising them, their sacrifices, and offering their own. Moses sent and called them: who said, we will not come, to whom Moses said: You, he said, and all your congregation, stand constituted before the Lord and Aaron. Likewise the Lord spoke: Separate yourselves from the midst of the perverse, and when the whole crowd had withdrawn from the tent round about, and Dathan and Abiron were standing in the entrance of their tabernacles, the earth was opened beneath their feet, and devoured them with all their family and substance by the Lord, who slew the men of the assembly holding their censers and offering incense: and the Lord commanded through

(Continuing C. LXX from p. 497.)

Moses to Eleazar son of Aaron, that he should take their censers and beat them into plates, and affix them to the altar, that they might be a sign to the sons of Israel, lest anyone dare to approach and offer incense to the Lord, except of the seed of Aaron. The Holy Spirit, following also through the prophet Hosea, testifies and says: Their sacrifices are as the bread of mourning: all who eat them shall be defiled, teaching, namely, and showing that absolutely all who are contaminated by their sin are joined in punishment with the authors.

¶This chapter has been collected from various passages of the letters of blessed Cyprian, and of the council held by him, sometimes altered and reduced to a summary; which is indicated in the margin.

a. ¶Thus also through Hosea. As Hosea 9.

b. ¶Sin. That is, by consent to their sin. 8. q. 1. §. cum autem. and 23. q. 4. ita plane. and c. si quis à catholica.

¶Censure. In the epistle itself it is contained thus: In vain do they contend that one can be baptized and sanctified there by salutary baptism, where it is agreed that the one baptizing does not have the authority to baptize. And so that it might be the more understood, against such audacity what the divine censure is, we shall find that in such a wickedness not only the leaders and authors, but also the participants are appointed to penalties, etc.

Likewise Augustine in his book of sentences collected by Prosper of Aquitaine, bishop of Riez, c. 15.

Outside the Catholic Church there is no place for true sacrifice.

Likewise Gregory in his 3rd book of dialogues, c. 31, says of Hermigild son of Leovigild †.

† var. Linigild

When the day of the paschal festival came on, in the deep silence of the night his perfidious father sent an Arian bishop to him, that from his hand he might receive the communion of sacrilegious consecration, and through this might merit to return to his father’s favor. But the man devoted to God reproached the Arian bishop as he came, as was fitting, and drove away his perfidy from him with worthy rebukes.

c. ¶Outside the Catholic Church. That is, outside the form, i.e., of the church.

d. ¶True. By reason of effect.

¶When the day came on. CASE. The father of Hermigild sent to his son the Arian heretical bishop, that he might receive communion from his hand, which because the son refused to accept, the father killed him.

e. ¶Of the night. There are four parts of the night: conticinium, intempestum, gallicinium, antelucanum.

f. ¶He might receive. Inquire whether in case of necessity children are to receive baptism from a heretic but not the Eucharist, I have given the reason 24. q. ult. si quem.

Likewise Innocent to bishop Alexander, letter 18, c. 3.

The Arians, moreover, and other such plagues, since we receive their lay converts to the Lord, under the image of penance, and by the sanctification of the Holy Spirit, by the imposition of hands; it does not seem that their clerics ought to be received with the dignity of any priesthood or ministry. Since we permit only their baptism to be valid (which indeed is performed in the name of the Father, and of the Son, and of the Holy Spirit), we do not consider that they have the Holy Spirit from that baptism, and from those mysteries.

¶Arians. CASE. This chapter is continuous with the said chapter of the same age ?. For here it is said that heretical laymen, who are held by heretics, are received by the imposition of hands, and reconciled as public penitents: nevertheless clerics who return from them are not received with the dignity of clericate or priesthood; this is because only baptism is valid among them: nor can they be reconciled except under the image of public penance. The following §. scilicet, likewise is read, with the following it is clear.

g. ¶Arians. Priests unworthy of the honors of Christ.

h. ¶Under the image of penance. He calls “image of penance” the public reconciliation which is done by imposition of hands.

i. ¶From baptism. As q. si quis contra.

k. ¶We consider. Understand: it must be said. For not ?, etc., because their laymen, etc. As if to say, since this must otherwise be true of clerics: for clerics, etc., because their laymen, etc., as though it were of laymen: rightly so must it be of clerics: and therefore it is clear that they are worthy or not worthy of ecclesiastical honors, and they will be received in similar form: and so it is clear of ecclesiastical honors, and this chapter is continuous with the end of that one. Or say: because of theirs, that is, although-as-if to say, although their laymen not, however their clerics are to be received in honor.

(Continuing C. LXXIII from p. 498.)

This reason is not given as a sufficient one, but as one that makes the point, let him say, as for their authors, for then they are, when together with these and those they are outside the church. Or say it is also sufficient, as to this — that they cannot confer life by way of merit. 40. distinct. multi.

Since, when their authors departed from the Catholic faith, they lost the perfection of the Spirit which they had received; nor can they bestow its fullness, which operates most especially in ordinations, which they lost through the perfidy of their impiety rather than through faith. Wherefore † it cannot be that we should consider their profane priests worthy of the honors of Christ, when, as I said, we receive their imperfect laymen for receiving the grace of the Holy Spirit with the image of penance. Likewise 4 If, as it is read, Whoever touches an unclean thing shall be unclean; how shall there be granted to him what is wont to be received by cleanness and purity? And below. ¶He who has been made a partaker of one condemned †, how he ought to receive honor, I cannot find.

† var. How can it come about.

† var. of one condemned

¶Plagues.] Previously there followed, “we detest”; which has been removed, because it is contained neither in the ancient codices, nor in the epistle itself, nor in Anselm, nor in the Pannormia.

¶Whoever touches. In the epistle it is, “an unclean person who touches”: but on account of the gloss it has not been changed, and the sense of this reading is also found in the same indicated places of scripture.

From the fact, moreover, that the imposition of hands is commanded to be repeated, it is shown that it is not a sacrament.

Whence Augustine, book 3 on baptism against the Donatists, c. 16.

The imposition of hands cannot, like baptism, be repeated yes, can be repeated. For what else is it, except prayer over a person?

Since therefore Innocent permits only baptism to be valid among heretics; since Gregory calls the consecration of the Arians sacrilegious; since Cyprian declares whatever is done by heretics to be carnal, empty, and false; since Jerome asserts that all things offered by them are contaminated in the sight of God; since Leo testifies that outside the church there are neither valid priesthoods nor true sacrifices: it is clear that the ecclesiastical sacraments, except baptism, as was said above, cannot be administered by heretics.

Likewise that of Jerome is brought forward, against the Luciferians.

Just as Christ is the one who baptizes, ...

b. ¶Perfection. That is, holiness, and the execution of office. ADDITION. Here see what is read and noted, the same q., who discusses perfection.

c. ¶That theirs. That is, because theirs, so that it is relative, cause, and so through this the preceding reading does not seem to be approved, that is, therefore it does not seem so, because, etc.

d. ¶Imperfect. Because they did not receive that baptism.

e. ¶Whoever touches. By touch of the mind. extra de sen. exco. nuper.

f. ¶Condemned. That is, of condemnation, or of one already condemned, etc. 1.

i. ¶Is commanded. As often as he returns from heresy, above same, hi q. baptismo, etc. 2.

¶The imposition of hands. CASE. It is said here (although obscurely) that the reconciling imposition of hands is also repeated, even though baptism cannot be repeated, and it is a similitude through contrast.

k. ¶Hand. The sense is: the imposition of hands can be repeated, as below de cons. dist. 4. quomodo baptismus. Note same dist. sicut.

l. ¶Imposition. Consecratory; but not confirmatory. Likewise not ordinatory, but the curative is rightly repeated, of which it is said: they shall lay hands upon the sick, etc., as 96. dist. §. sed illud. Reconciling likewise, as here, for the reconciling hand is imposed on heretics who have returned, as above de consecra. dist. 4. quomodo, and on the excommunicated, as 9. q. 4. cum aliquis, and on penitents, as 50. distinctione in capite. And in heretics or the excommunicated it is not a sacrament: and therefore it is repeated. In penitents, if it is public, it is a sacrament, and therefore it is not repeated, and it pertains only to bishops, as 17. q. 6. ca. 1. and 50. dist. in capite. If it is private, it is not a sacrament, and is repeated, and it pertains also to presbyters, as 26. q. 6. c. presbyteri. § vece.

m. ¶Not as. That is, although.

n. ¶Repeated. Below same q. quod quidam. Against. Solution: but there the imposition of hands ?.

Note that because the public is a sacrament, the private is not, therefore that one is not repeated, this is repeated: but on account of those cases by which the reason is brought forward, however much. on penance, dist. m. 3. See also Turrecremata there.

(Continuing C. LXXV from p. 499.)

baptizes; so Christ is the one who sanctifies. Wherefore I beg you, either to grant the license of sacrificing to him whose baptism you approve; or to reject the baptism of him whom you do not think to be a priest. For it cannot come about that he who is holy in baptism should be a sinner at the altar.

¶The beginning of this chapter up to the words “I beg you” is not in that place in blessed Jerome. It is, however, in Alger, book 3, c. 10, where also some of the words that follow are had in the same way as in Gratian, although in blessed Jerome they read otherwise.

But this is to be understood only of a Catholic sinner a, not of a heretic. For whatever he does, by the cooperation of divine grace, with the Catholic faith, according to his office, although unworthy, is believed to be valid. Otherwise, if it were understood of heretics, he would be self-contradictory, since he says on Amos c. 5: Their sacrifices, as the Lord ... and elsewhere in the person of the Lord.

a. ¶Sinner. Blessed Jerome argues from the place, as the Dialecticians are wont to say, ad hominem; nor does he do this in order to establish and sanction something, but only to render the adversary more moderate. For after he had led him so far that, if no longer against him, he would at least profess himself a disciple, then he set forth the truest reason: why the church receives bishops who in the council of Ariminum imprudently consented to heretics.

¶God curses the blessing of heretics.

I will curse your blessings] that is, whatever is blessed by you, by me will be cursed.

¶These are in the interlinear gloss on that passage of Malachi from Jerome.

11. This therefore is to be understood of the heretic: but that against the Luciferians, of an ecclesiastical sinner.

Concerning whom Augustine § says in the book on the body of the Lord.

§ ¶Augustine.] This chapter also is cited by Alger book 3, c. 8, from Augustine in the book on the body of the Lord: but Possidius in the index of the works of blessed Augustine makes no mention of this book; and word for word (except for the last little verse) these things are read in the book of Paschasius the abbot on the body and blood of the Lord, c. 12, from which book are also the chapters iteratur, with what follows, below de consecr. dist. 2.

¶Good and evil priests equally confect the body of Christ.

Within the Catholic Church, in the mystery † of the body and blood of the Lord, nothing is performed greater by a good priest, nothing less by an evil one, because it is perfected not in the merit of the consecrator, but in the word of the Creator, and the power of the Holy Spirit. And below. ¶For if it were in the merit of the priest, it would in no way pertain to Christ. But now, just as he is the one who baptizes...

† var. ministry

¶Baptizes. Meanwhile.

b. ¶Wherefore I beg you. That man thought that one who had been a homicide or adulterer was cleansed in baptism, not however so as to be worthy of the priesthood. Gratian, however, understands this of a hidden sinner. For a certain one said about such a person, and wrongly, that although he could give baptism, he could not nevertheless confect the Eucharist. And such people are rebuked here. And according to this it is an argument against. 50. distin. qui sub gradu. But there it concerns one deposed, with whom dispensation is given that he might baptize; here, of one tolerated.

c. ¶To be a priest. That is, to be able to confect the sacraments.

d. ¶Can come about. Argument that of two things, of which something is granted to someone, the other is also granted, since when something is granted to someone, what coheres with it is granted, as 7. q. 9. 6. hac quippe, and 16. q. 1. si monachus, and q. 4. c. 1. supra 8. dist. quo iure. H. BUT THIS. CASE. Gratian says the aforementioned chapter is to be understood of an evil Catholic: and not of a heretic; otherwise the same Jerome would be self-contradictory, as is proved by the following chapter, and §. following: which are clear in themselves.

e. ¶Cooperating. This “cooperating” is false as to the giver or the doer, not as to the receiver. infra ea. Dominus.

f. ¶I will curse. Another exposition of this word you have below same. multi saecularium.

HOC ERGO. This is the 11th part of this question, in which he proves that the wickedness of the priest does not harm others in the sacraments, although it harms him: and this up to §. ex his. John of Faenza.

¶Within the Catholic. c. sacerdotes, one reading holds from evil Catholic presbyters to chum, and q. 4. c. 1. supra 8. dist. quo iure. H.

g. ¶Within. From this place up to c. sacerdotes, he speaks of all chapters concerning evil priests tolerated by the church.

(Continuing canon C. LXXVII from p. 500.)

flesh, and transfuses it into blood. For it must be believed that in the words of Christ the sacraments are confected. By whose command they were first created, by whose word indeed they are recreated a unto better.

¶Credendum. These read in the same way in Alger. But the words of Paschasius, c. 15, are these: By whose power therefore they were first created, by whose word indeed they are recreated unto better: because no one is creator of any thing, or recreator, except one God, as Catholically preached. Therefore one must come to the words of Christ, and believe that in those very words these things are confected.

Likewise Augustine, book 2 against the letters of Parmenian, c. 10.

¶On the same.

All sacraments, although they are harmful to those who handle them unworthily, nevertheless profit those who receive them worthily through them: just as also the word b of God. Whence it is said c. What they say, do: but what they do, do not do.

Likewise on Psalm 103, verse Qui tegis.

¶On those who use holy things badly.

Even Saul d, an evil king, prophesied when he was persecuting holy David. And below. ¶Therefore let those not boast who happen to have this holy gift of God without charity: but let them see what account they will have to render to God, who use holy things unholily. Among these will be those who shall say: In your name we have prophesied. To them it will not be said, “you are lying”: but it will be said, I do not know e you, etc.

¶In tractate 7 on the Epistle of John there are some things which can be referred to the meaning of this chapter, and from there it was previously cited. But these very words are altogether from the place indicated.

They must therefore be said to have had the spirit of prophecy, not merit.

Likewise Jerome on c. 1 of Haggai.

¶Anyone is not so much sanctified by the offerings as polluted on account of sin.

O Prophet f, you who, with only the altar built up, and my house torn down g, offer me victims at the altar: you think yourself sanctified by its victims; know that the offering on the altar is indeed holy: but you are not so much sanctified by the victims as you are polluted by dead works.

In blessed Jerome it is read thus: O people, you who, with only the altar built up, and my house torn down, offer me victims at the altar, and think yourself sanctified by its victims and flesh; know that you are not so much sanctified by the victims, which with the temple torn down cannot profit you,

a. ¶Recreated. As to the sustenance of the body, de consec. dist. 2. non iste panis 1. Namely after the soul, as de consec. dist. 2. non iste panis 1.

b. ¶All sacraments. And the word. That is, preaching: which if it is done by an unworthy person, profits others: but harms him. arg. dist. 53. §. quanquam. arg. 15. q. ult. c. ult.

c. ¶It is said. Such people instruct God how he ought to punish them. 40. dist. multi.

¶He prophesied. CASE. It is proved in this chapter that an evil priest can minister: because Saul was evil, and he prophesied. For it is read in the first book of Kings that when Saul was persecuting David, he himself, fleeing, came into Ramatha to Samuel: which when it was announced to Saul, he sent officers to seize him: who, when they had seen the company of prophets, and Samuel standing over them, the spirit of the Lord came upon them: and they themselves also began to prophesy: which when it was announced to Saul, he sent other messengers: and they also prophesied; again he sent a third group, and they also prophesied: and Saul, angry, departed, and the spirit of the Lord came upon him: and he prophesied with the rest before Samuel, and sang naked all day and night, whence came the proverb, “Saul among the prophets.”

d. ¶He prophesied. Here he proves that an evil priest can confect the Eucharist: because Saul was evil, and he prophesied: indeed, the evil have all the gifts of the Holy Spirit except charity. supra c. multae. And the history will here serve for the case.

e. ¶I do not know. That is, I have not approved. So say some scholars who do not belong with certain ones in the schools, when they see them in their own country, they say, “I do not know you.” Or when they are rich, they say to the poor a, “I do not know you.” Or (what is worse) they refuse to speak with them.

¶O Prophet. CASE. In this chapter evil priests are rebuked, who although they confect the true body of Christ on the altar, are not sanctified by this: but rather are polluted by their evil works.

f. ¶O Prophet. Literally it is understood of the Babylonian captivity. For when Cyrus gave permission to return from the Babylonian captivity, the people of Israel built up the altar, and cast down i.e., laid the foundation of the temple: but by letters of Cambyses, commander of the army of Cyrus himself, they were forbidden to proceed with the building until the second year of Darius: in which they were ordered to build the temple begun by the prophet Haggai, who was exhorting the people to this. Jerome therefore speaks of the time in which they were sacrificing on the altar: but they were neglecting to rebuild the house of God, namely the temple, when they were rebuilding their own houses: which appears more fully in Haggai himself.

g. ¶My house torn down. That is, the building up of virtues, ?

(Continuing canon C. LXXX from p. 501.)

than you are contaminated in all your works, and all that you do, by the fact that you have neglected, and tried rather to build up your own house than mine. Holy indeed is that which is offered on the altar; but you are not so much sanctified by the victims, as by the fact that you dwell in the valleys, and among them are polluted by dead works. In two of Gratian’s ancient codices it is also read, O people. But the same Jerome, weaving together these same things by anagogy, applies them to an ecclesiastical man.

Likewise Augustine in the book on the words of the Lord, sermon 11.

¶Final impenitence is in such a way a sin against the Holy Spirit.

Thus a word a is uttered against the Holy Spirit, when from dispersion one never c comes to the congregation b, which received the Holy Spirit for remitting sins. To which congregation, even if through an evil cleric, but nevertheless a Catholic minister, reprobate and feigned, anyone with an unfeigned heart should approach; in him the Holy Spirit works the remission of sins; who in the holy church works in such a way that he flees the reprobate, and yet d through their ministry gathers the upright.

¶Holy Spirit. In this place the opinion of blessed Augustine is briefly referred to; more fully, however, above same c. spiritus sanctus.

The same in the sermon on the remission of sins.

So that the Lord might evidently show this — that by the Holy Spirit, which he gave to his faithful, sins are forgiven, not by the merits of men — in a certain place e, when rising from the dead, he thus said: Receive the Holy Spirit; and immediately f added, If you remit g anyone’s sins, they are remitted to him, that is, the Spirit h remits, not you. Therefore γ, just as he whom the priest tolerates in the church is nevertheless outside the church, and outside the body, whose head is Christ, if the doorkeeper i has not opened to him δ: so it is not on that account that he is outside the church, and is not of the body, if anyone is compelled by the prejudice k of the shepherd to be outside.

¶Proinde. The very words of this part have not been found in blessed Augustine. Most similar ones are had in Origen, Homily 14 on c. 24 of Leviticus; they are reported below 24. q. 3. c. cum aliquis. Si quis non recto.

¶Has opened. In some ancient codices it reads: opened. In others, may open. From both, however, the negation is absent.

Likewise Ambrose, on those who are initiated into the mysteries, c. 5.

When the scri-

¶When the scripture. CASE. Who doubts that the Holy Spirit is present in the sacraments of priests, when in the Old Testament fire is read to have descended from heaven at the prayers both of good and of evil men? — each of which is proved by the history of Jeroboam, who was evil, etc.

¶At the end a man is destroyed; for with virtues removed the soul is removed. 15. q. 4. l. 1. and 11. q. 3. si episcopus forte, supra ea. q. remissionem, & infra 11. q. 3. quid obest. H.

¶Thus a word is. CASE. It is said that the heretic then sins against the Holy Spirit, when he disdains to return from schism to the unity and congregation of the church: in which church the Holy Spirit works through a Catholic, even though feigned and reprobate, the remission of sins: and the evil are gathered through such a one.

a. ¶Thus a word is. That is, blasphemy. J. de poe. dist. 1. §. potest. & dist. 4. §. siue. H.

b. ¶Congregation. That is, the unity of the church.

c. ¶Never. Thus a sin against the Holy Spirit is only final impenitence: of which Augustine speaks. de poen. dist. 7. c. 1. & si. And I have noted 25. dist. qualis.

d. ¶And yet. He says this: because from this one I can also receive the sacrament even without necessity. re. ead. spiritus sanctus.

¶So that evidently. CASE. It is shown in this chapter that not man, but the Holy Spirit remits sins: and this is proved by the authority of the Lord saying; If you remit anyone’s sins, etc. and therefore it happens that the one whom the priest tolerates is also outside the church, if Christ does not open to him: and the unjustly excommunicated is within. Archdeacon.

e. ¶In a certain place. Thus also an advocate can allege, as a certain law says 45. dist. cum beatus. ADDITION. To the same point ca. multae. 45. dist. §. hinc etiam. and 32. q. 7. quaedam. Archdeacon.

f. ¶And immediately. Argument that the order of words is to be considered, as 7. dist. arg. exemplo. and that something of the words must be weighed. infrà 24. q. 1. alienus.

g. ¶You remit. Well did he say, “you remit,” not “to whom you have judged.” Vt de poe. dist. 1. quem poenitet. arg. infra 1. q. 3. illud. & c. 30. distin. si nemo contemnat. infra ea. q. dictum est. j. de consec. dist. 4. nemo. H.

h. ¶That is, the Spirit. Christ. The same is J. ca. q. ordinationes.

i. ¶Doorkeeper. That is, Christ. The same is the door, as J. ca. q. ordinationes.

k. ¶Prejudice. That is, depraved judgment. Prejudice, that is, by depraved judgment. J. 24. d. 3. si quis.

(Continuing canon C. LXXXIII from p. 502.)

...Scripture itself testifies that at the prayers of Jeroboam fire descended from heaven, and again at the prayer of Elijah fire was sent down to consume the sacrifices; from which it is given to be understood that God does not consider the merits of persons but the offices of priests. And a little later. To them a visible fire was sent so that they might believe; for us who believe, an invisible fire works. And after a few interposed words. Believe, therefore, that the Lord Jesus is present, invoked by the prayers of the priests, who said: Where two or three are gathered, there am I also.

¶Given to be understood. These words are not in the original. But since what precedes depends on what came before, a new sentence begins here: “Consider not the merits of persons but the offices of priests.” Several other variants, indeed of no small importance, are noted in the margin.

Likewise Gregory.

Many d secular men, when they scrutinize the life of priests more than their own, fall into the crime of great contempt for the divine sacraments. For having their eyes wounded by a great beam, and ignoring it, they look upon the slender mote in the eyes of others; and while they hasten unwarily to pluck it out, they fall headlong into the pit of error — considering too little that the life of the priests would not harm them if they themselves humbly inclined their ear to the good admonitions of the priests. But while, in the manner of hypocrites, they pass judgment more on the reputation of others than on their own life or the negligences of their life, they spurn f the holy admonitions and the spiritual gifts. Whence it happens that not only do they reject the words spoken by them, but (what is worse) they even despise the divine mysteries — so much so that they do not receive the communion of the body or the blood of our Lord Jesus Christ when consecrated through their ministry, thinking that this is less g sanctified if it is performed by the office of those whose life appears base in their eyes. Alas, into how great a snare do they fall, that they believe the divine and hidden mysteries can be more sanctified by others; whereas one and the same Holy Spirit, in the Church spread through the whole world, incomprehensibly h sanctifies those mysteries, and secretly and invisibly, by both working and...

¶The Holy Spirit was formerly in the sacraments. CASE. This chapter is divided into four parts. In the first part Gregory rebukes certain men who, neglecting their own sins, reproach the life of the priests and despise their sacraments. In the second part he shows whence a “mystery” is so called, and whence a “sacrifice,” and whence a “sacrament,” and whence the “Eucharist.” In the third part he says that, at the mystical prayers of bad priests, the sacraments of the life of Christ are celebrated. In the fourth part he expounds the word of the prophet Hosea, namely: “I will curse (he says) your blessings.” The second part begins at Mystery. The third at Therefore, whether. The fourth at I will curse, he says, etc..

d. ¶Many. This chapter, 4 Sent., dist. 13, v. intelligenter, on bad priests, speaks generally of all the sacraments. In the first part certain laymen are rebuked who, by reproaching the life of priests, despised the divine sacraments conferred by them — bearing a beam in their own eyes, and wishing to remove a mote from the eyes of others. In the second part it is said that, however bad a priest may be, his sacraments are nevertheless true; nor are they more sanctified by a good one. In the third he shows what a mystery is, and what a sacrifice is. Lastly, the words of the prophet Hosea are set down.

e. ¶Would harm. Argument that another’s crime does not harm the innocent. Same q. 4, c. 1, §. eo. q. fertur. contra. H.

f. ¶They spurn. From this it is concluded that the Mass of bad priests can be heard, even if it is forbidden in a given case, as below 15. q. ult. c. ult., below 9. q. 3. c. ult., and 19. dist. c. si., contra Hug. Or in 1. dist. 32. nullus, dist. 81. qui presbyteri. But that concerns the publicly known or condemned priest; whereas this concerns the tolerated. H.

g. ¶Less. That is, not, etc.

h. ¶Incomprehensibly. For we cannot comprehend how transubstantiation under the species of bread and wine becomes the body and blood of Christ. ADDITION. As in de consec. dist. 2. panis. And understand that it is incomprehensible.

¶Jeroboam, who was wicked according to some; otherwise Jeroba al, and of the prophet Elijah, who was good.

a. ¶When Scripture. Here Ambrose intends to prove that the Holy Spirit works invisibly in the sacraments of the Church in this present time, which he proves from the fact that formerly he worked visibly there. But this does not serve Gratian’s purpose. Jo.

¶Hierobaal. original of Ambrose. ¶Hierobaal. as if “the sacred thing of Baal,” that is, “destroying the sacred thing of Baal.” In Hieron, “lectus” is called “sacred.” For so Gideon was named, Judges 6, whence Hierobaal, as if “destroying the sacred of Baal” or Hieronfortis, as if “strong against Baal.” Archdeacon.

b. ¶Testifies, etc. As if to say: no one ought to doubt here; Gratian inserted these words mendaciously, as also the words “is given to be understood” up to the word “fire”; nor does Ambrose give the reason why formerly the Spirit worked visibly, but now invisibly; nor is mention made there of bad priests, as in c. interposuit, but only of good ones, such as Elijah, Jeroboam, and other saints whom Ambrose there names. Whence it is of no relevance to the present subject. So Jo. says, against Gratian.

c. ¶Jeroboam. Who was wicked according to Gratian’s interpretation, otherwise Herobaal, as if “destroying the sacred things of Baal.” In hieron “sacred” is meant. For so Gideon was called, Judges 6. Hierobaal. original of Ambrose. or “the altar of Baal,” as if he consecrated a sacrifice. 3 Kings 18. Hierobaal, “destroying the sacred things of Baal,” or Hieronfortis, as if “if strong against Baal.” Archdeacon.

(Continuing canon C. LXXXIIII from p. 503.)

...sanctifies, both by blessing and that he may bless. A “mystery,” α therefore, brethren, is so called for this reason: because it has a secret and hidden dispensation b. A “sacrifice” sacrificium, as if “sacred deed” sacrum factum, because it is consecrated for us by a mystical prayer c in memory of the Lord’s passion. And below. A “sacrament,” however, exists in a certain celebration, when a deed is so performed that it is understood to signify something which must be received in a holy manner. ¶. Now the sacraments are: baptism, chrism, the body and blood of Christ — which are called “sacraments” for this reason, because under the veil of corporeal things the divine power more secretly works the salvation of those same sacraments. Whence they are called “sacraments” from secret powers, or from sacred things. They are performed fruitfully within the Church for this reason, because the Holy Spirit remaining in her latently works the effect of those same sacraments. The sacrament of this bread and chalice is called in Greek “eucharist,” and in Latin is interpreted “good grace.” And what is better than the body d and blood of Christ? Whence, whether it be dispensed by good or by bad ministers within the Church of God, it is nevertheless a sacrament; because the Holy Spirit mystically vivifies it, who once in the apostolic time appeared in visible works. Nor is it amplified by the merits of good dispensers, nor diminished e by those of bad ones, because “neither he that planteth is anything, nor he that watereth; but God that giveth the increase.” This must be understood and held concerning the body and blood of our Lord Jesus Christ, this likewise concerning baptism and chrism: because the divine power works more secretly in them, and this is solely a divine power or potency, not one of human efficacy.

Thus far Isidore.

We pollute β therefore the bread, that is, the body of Christ, when we approach the altar unworthily; and being defiled, we drink the pure blood. And below. Jerome on Malachi, ch. 1.

“I will curse, γ” he says, “your blessings,” that is, those things which you now possess by my blessings; or whatever is blessed by you, I will curse; or because δ they do not bless the holy from a true heart; or because those who act iniquitously are blessed by them, and they flatter sinners, provided that they are rich.

The same on ch. 2.

¶This chapter is collected partly from the sentences of blessed Gregory, partly from the very words of blessed Isidore and Jerome.

¶“A mystery therefore.” This passage as far as the verse “this concerning the body” is found in Isidore, though not in exactly the same order.

¶“We pollute.” Taken from blessed Jerome in his commentaries on chapter 1 of Malachi at the words “and you say, In what have we polluted?” etc.

¶“I will curse.” In the same author on chapter 2 it is given thus: “And I will curse (he says) your blessings, that is, those which you now possess by my blessings; or whatever is blessed by you shall be cursed by me; and I will curse them (supply: your blessings), because you have refused to understand what is spoken — for this is what is said: you have not laid it to heart.

¶“Because.” Taken from the same place a little further on, where these things are read: “Or certainly, because the command is given properly to priests, their blessings are turned into a curse when they do not bless the saints from a true affection of the heart, as Isaac blessed Jacob, and Jacob the patriarchs, and Moses the twelve tribes; but by sweet speeches and blessings they deceive the hearts of the innocent; and those who act iniquitously are blessed by them; and they flatter sinners provided that they are rich, and they fawn upon their vices.”

a. ¶Therefore. And because it works secretly and invisibly. Such is the effect of his sanctifying.

b. ¶Dispensation. That is, the power and grace dispensed and conferred by God.

c. ¶Because by a prayer. The sacrifices of the Old Testament did not accomplish what they prefigured. Argument de consec. dist. 2. sacrificium. And as for what he says, that it is consecrated by a mystical prayer, refer this to the species of the sacred according to H., because neither is the body of Christ consecrated, since it was already the most sacred body, nor is the bread, because at that point it immediately ceases to be.

d. ¶What is better than the body. Certainly the soul of Christ — whence understand this statement only by way of amplification. Similar below 32. q. 6. nihil, and q. 7. quid in omnibus. Or say: this is greatest among the ecclesiastical sacraments as regards holiness and reverence, as below de consecrat. dist. 2. nihil, and ca. The body of Christ exceeds other sacraments as to reverence. Qui manducat, and 25 dist. ecce. Or understand it of many of the same kind, namely among corporeal things. Or understand “of the body” as meaning the body which is Christ. Argument below same q. interrogo. Contra. But there expound “the word” verbum, that is, the Son. And so it is not contra. De poe. di. 1. verbum.

e. ¶Diminished. But contra 5. 81. dist. hi qui sunt presbyteri.

f. ¶Or because. Thus the two “or” clauses refer only to the next member, two expositions of which are found in what follows. Signi-

(Continuing canon C. LXXXVII from p. 504, here resuming the central canon series with c. LXXXV.)

...be carried out, nor performed; and he attempted to prove this by a certain question of his own. Therefore this chapter is divided into 5 parts. In the first part Augustine rebukes him for his foolish question. In the second part he shows that among bad priests the sacraments are true, even if they are not true priests — since the question is whether the sacrament is true, not whether the priest is true. And this he proves, etc.

Likewise Pope Fabian to the bishops of the East, epistle 2.

¶We should consider not the life of priests but what they teach and minister.

You have moreover signified that many in the very ecclesiastical honors are observed not to live congruously a with the sermons and sacraments which through them are ministered to the people. O wretched men, who, looking at these, forget Christ — who long before foretold that the law of God should rather be obeyed than that those should appear as objects of imitation who do not do the things they say. And tolerating his betrayer until the end, he sent him even to preach the Gospel with the others. For the Apostles did not have such a custom, nor did they teach it to be held b.

Likewise Pope Nicholas to the Emperor Michael, in the epistle which begins, I had proposed.

¶On the same.

Not what kind the priests of the Lord may be, but what they speak concerning the Lord, must be the chief object of your foresight. Nor in the vicars of blessed Peter the Apostle should you attend to who they are, but what they busy themselves about for the correction of the churches and for your salvation. For c surely you will not say these are inferior to the scribes and Pharisees sitting on the seat of Moses, of whom the Lord commanded, saying: Whatever they shall say to you, observe and do; but according to their works do not act. Therefore, Emperor, consider: if he said that those who sat on the seat of Moses ought to be heard, how much more do you think one ought to listen to those who reside on the seat of Peter?

Likewise Augustine, against the letters of Petilianus, book 2, c. 22.

¶The uncleanness of priests does not pollute the sacraments.

The Lord declared d in one assembly e of men taking the same sacraments, that the uncleanness of some cannot harm the clean. And below. Petilianus f said: Or if anyone holds the songs of a priest by memory, is he a priest because he publishes the song with a sacrilegious mouth...

¶You have signified. CASE. Here he proves by a twofold example of Christ that bad priests must be tolerated: both because he taught that the Pharisees and Scribes were to be heard but not to be imitated in evil works; and because he sent Judas his betrayer to preach the Gospel with the other disciples, and tolerated him until the end. Nor did even the Apostles despise the sacraments of such men.

a. ¶Not congruously. Therefore they were avoiding their sacred rites.

b. ¶They taught. Therefore neither should we presume or invent it, as above dist. 37. qui de mensa, below 2. q. 5. consuluisti. below 31. q. 1. q. si, above dist. 55. si euangelica, above dist. 45. cap. episcopum. 7. q. 1. c. 1.

¶Not what kind. CASE. Some despised the sacraments of bad priests, but Nicholas proves this must not be done: because if bad priests sitting on the seat of Moses are to be heard, much more those governing the seat of Peter are to be heard.

c. ¶For you will not say these. Note the manner of arguing from bad to good. De consec. dist. 1. c. 1. J. 11. q. 1. sacerdotibus, above dist. 21. submittitur 1.

¶From this some elicit that Peter is greater than Moses. Argument, etc.

¶The Lord declared. CASE. Petilianus said that through a wicked priest true sacraments cannot be...

d. ¶The Lord declared. In the parables, namely about separating the tares from the wheat. 11. q. 3. nolite. And about the goats, as 23. q. 6. c. 1. Or he declared by enduring Judas. 2. q. 1. j. unus ex uobis. ¶Whether tares are to be separated from the wheat. Or the Church, where there are good and bad. 32. q. 4. recurrat. ADDITION. De consec. dist. 4. est unitas ecclesiae. Archd.

e. ¶Assembly. That is, the gathering of the Apostles.

f. ¶Petilianus said. By way of objection. For he said that a bad priest could not consecrate, because he is not a true priest — just as a layman cannot.

¶Errors of Petilianus. Note that Augustine in this chapter disproves two opinions of Petilianus, who said that the uncleanness of the wicked harms the clean; he also said that bad priests did not confer or consecrate true sacraments. Therefore he says in the first part that the uncleanness of the wicked does not harm the good and clean. In the second he sets forth a certain objection of Petilianus which does not touch the issue, and he resolves it. In the third he shows that the sacraments, if they be conferred in the form of the Church, are true when conferred by anyone; and this he shows by a triple example: of Caiaphas, of the Apostle, and of David. In the fourth he shows that what kind those are who receive the sacraments, such are the sacraments themselves to them. In the fifth he infers a twofold conclusion against the twofold opinion of Petilianus, giving thanks to God that Petilianus has acquiesced in his arguments. John.

¶By the error of Petilianus, you would not know a wicked priest of God ?

(Continuing from p. 505.)

...Augustine responded: You say this as if we were now asking who is a true priest, and not what is true baptism. For in order that anyone may be a true priest, it is necessary that he be clothed not only with the sacrament b, but also with justice; as it is written: Let thy priests be clothed with justice. But he who is a priest by the sacrament alone — as was the high priest Caiaphas, persecutor of the one and most true priest — although he himself is not truthful, what he gives is nevertheless true, provided he does not give what is his own c, but God’s. Likewise d a little below.

¶One of themselves, a prophet, said: Cretans are always liars, evil beasts, lazy bellies; this testimony is true. If, therefore e, the Apostle attested the testimony of some foreigner (I know not whom), because he found it to be true, why, when we find with anyone something which is of Christ, and is true, even though the one with whom it is found is perverse and deceitful, do we not distinguish the vice which the man has f from the truth which he has not as his own but as God’s? And why do we not say: this sacrament is true, just as he says, this testimony is true? Do we therefore say, “this man too is truthful,” because we say, “this sacrament is true”? And a little later.

¶But you must always be in error, so long as you either believe that on account of the vices of men the sacraments of God must be violated h, or think that we, on account of the sacraments of God which we refuse to violate in ourselves, must take on the sacrilege i of your schism. Likewise.

¶The purity of baptism is altogether distinct from the purity or uncleanness of the conscience of either the one giving or the one receiving. Likewise.

¶Remember therefore that the morals of bad men in no way harm the sacraments of God so as to make them either not exist at all or to be less holy. Likewise.

¶I ask, if Saul k had not the holiness of the sacrament, what did David venerate in him? If, however, he had innocence, why did David persecute the innocent? For on account of the sacrosanct anointing, he both honored him while living and avenged him when slain. And because he had cut off a small piece l from his garment, his heart trembled when struck. Behold, Saul did not have innocence; and yet he had holiness, not of his own life α (for no one can have this without innocence), but of the sacrament of God, which is holy even in bad men. Likewise.

¶We say that the sacrifice is to each one such as he who comes to offer it, and such as he who comes to receive it; and that those eat of the sacrifices of such men who approach them being such as they themselves are. Thus, if a bad man offers to God, and a good man receives from there, the sacrifice is to each one such as each one has been; for it is also written: All things are clean to the clean m. By this true and catholic statement, Optatus n, neither were you polluted p, if his deeds...

a. ¶Baptism. As if to say, this is what we ask, and not that; and therefore the objection is not valid, etc.

b. ¶Sacrament. By rank and office, without justice. Argument contra 40. distinct. sicut viri. But there the matter concerns the essence of the priest; here the quality.

c. ¶If he does not give what is his own. That is, if he gives not his own things but God’s; namely in the form of the Church.

d. ¶Likewise. The words are those of Epimenides the Theban priest, who was bad; and the Apostle takes the same words in testimony in the epistle to Titus 1.

e. ¶If therefore. And it is true (supply); and therefore let us approve it.

f. ¶He has. Argument in support of the testimony of someone who is not good, that his testimony should be believed in which he speaks truly, even if he lies in other matters. Above dist. 37. turbat, and cap. si quid; but contra 3. q. 6. pura.

g. ¶True. As if to say: no. And thus not everyone who speaks the truth is truthful. 22. q. 2. homines.

h. ¶You violate. That is, you believe must be violated.

i. ¶Sacrilege. As if we should be seen to approve your schism ? from the fact that we do not reject your sacraments.

k. ¶If Saul did not have. Whom the Lord had chosen and made king — that is, had commanded to be made — as below 8. q. 1. audacter.

l. ¶Small piece. Who cut off a part of the cloak of his garment, as objected at 2. q. 7. c. plerumque. §. de his, and §. item opponitur.

m. ¶All things are clean to the clean. According to the saying: He who has dirt on his hands; let him first wash the dirt off his works. Cleanse yourself within, because to the clean all things are clean.

n. ¶Optatus. This is a proper name, and he was a bad Catholic, or rather a heretic — that is, a hidden one.

o. ¶Sacrifice. Here it is clear that one who is cut off from the Church consecrates, as below c. non nocet, and c. dictum, and de consecr. distinct. 4. non in vobis. Moreover, what would be the reason why one damned by God could consecrate so long as he is tolerated by the Church, but one damned by men could not? Therefore say that an excommunicated, deposed heretic can administer this sacrament and the other sacraments, according to the chapters I have cited. Some, however, say the contrary. 2. according to that which is in 24. quaest.

p. ¶Polluted. Argument that the sin of another is not imputed to a companion, if it displeases him, provided that he admonishes him to come to his senses.

ADDITION. Understand all these last cited authorities as to the effect of the sacrament, or when they do not preserve the form of the Church, according to Raymond, who notes sufficiently on this in his summa de haeret. §. item nunquid, etc.

(Continuing from p. 506.)

...displeased you. For surely that bread was a bread of mourning, under whose iniquities all Africa lamented; but to share these breads in common with you is the result of the evil of all of you, namely your schism. Likewise.

¶Thanks be to God, who at length can prevail at the invocation of the name of Christ a ?, even if it be invoked by sinners. From this therefore understand that, when the name of Christ is invoked, the sins of others do not harm the salvation of others.

a. ¶Of his own life. There followed the reading, “but of the anointing” ? in all the older copies of Gratian, although in the printed editions of blessed Augustine the other reading is found.

The same on Psalm 10, in the verse What hath the just man done?

¶Even through a bad minister the gifts of God reach those who receive with faith.

WHat hath Christ done a to you, who endured his betrayer with such patience that he handed over to him the first b Eucharist — consecrated, as to the rest c of the apostles, and entrusted by his own hand ? and by his own mouth ?, just as to the other Apostles? What hath Christ done to you, who sent that same betrayer of his, whom he called a devil e — who before the Lord’s betrayal could not even practice fraud on the Lord’s purses f — to preach the kingdom of heaven with the other disciples, in order to demonstrate that the gifts of God reach those who receive them with faith, even if the one through whom they receive be such as Judas was?

Likewise Gregory.

¶The malice of the bishop does not harm the sacraments.

THe malice of the bishop does not harm either the baptism of the infant or the consecration g of the church h: because baptism is given by God, it does not come from man; so too the Eucharist, and all things whatsoever that are placed on the altar receive their sanctification not from man but from God.

But the following text of Jerome on Zephaniah, ch. 3, is objected.

¶Not the words but the merits of priests make the Eucharist.

PRiests who serve at the Eucharist, and divide the blood of the Lord among his people, act impiously against the law of Christ, thinking that the Eucharist is made by the words k of one who invokes, not by his life l; and that only the solemn prayer is necessary, and not the merits of the priests, of whom it is said: And a priest in whom there shall be a blemish m, shall not approach to offer offerings to the Lord.

a. ¶What hath Christ done. Who showed us signs of patience.

b. ¶First. That is, he gave the first consecrated Eucharist. For there is only one Eucharist, and therefore it is not first or last. Or thus: “first,” that is, the only one, and not many.

c. ¶By his mouth. When he said: “This is my body.” Below de consecr. dist. 2. accipite.

d. ¶To the rest. Above 23. q. 4. tu bonus, and c. quam magnum. Below de cons. dist. 2. cum omne. Contra. Solution: but there it speaks of the morsel of bread which he gave only to Judas; here, of the body of Christ, which he first delivered to himself, and afterwards gave to all.

e. ¶He called. Where, I do not know, but I believe it was where it is said: “He that dippeth his hand with me,” etc. Argument in Inst. de exhered. lib. Si quis filium ? sed faemininum ?.

f. ¶Purses. Argument against the unfaithful servants ?, that they are like devils. De poeni. dist. 1. §. hoc idem ?.

¶It does not harm. ¶To the consecration of the church. Below de consecr. distinct. 2. ecclesijs. Contra. But that is when the form has not been preserved.

h. ¶Consecration. Provided, however, that all ? or some greater impropriety ? ceases; otherwise it must rather be called execrated than consecrated. As J. ea. q. 4. ecclesia. But this in detestation of the one consecrating, for in truth it is consecrated.

SED OBIICITVR. CASE. Now Gratian raises an objection against the foregoing, and so he proceeds in this question, alleging now on one side, now on the other in turn, and drawing solutions.

i. ¶But it is objected. This refers to §. si ergo, set forth just above. For he adduces these six chapters, some directly, some by inference from the contrary sense, to prove that a bad priest cannot consecrate the sacraments; but he responds there in the following §. cum vita.

¶Priests. CASE. It is said in this chapter that not only the words but also the merits of priests must concur, because it is written: “Let him not approach to sacrifice having a blemish.” The three following chapters are plain, in which it is said that priests who intercede for others ought to be clean, because they are more easily heard.

k. ¶Of one who invokes. That is, of one calling upon God through prayers. H.

l. ¶Not by his life. As to the matter of the sacrifice itself, namely that they may consecrate more worthily; otherwise life is not required in order for them to consecrate.

ADDITION. Supply: but that they may profit the one offering. Below same. cum vita. Archdeacon.

m. ¶Blemish. Of mortal sin; argument de consecr. dist. 2. quotidie. Or of venial, and then it is a counsel. Argument dist. 6. testamentum.

(Continuing C. XC from p. 507.)

And a priest in whom there shall be a blemish m, shall not approach to offer offerings to the Lord. Huguccio however says that this authority is to be understood of a bodily blemish, as 49 dist. hinc etiam; and so it is sophistically adduced in §. non accedat. For so long as a strange fire that consumes and does not heal burns in the breast of the one praying, he cannot worthily approach the altar. De poen. dist. 3. c. inter haec hircum. Whence it is noted here that any priest is suspended for the blemish of mortal sin, with respect to himself; but not with respect to the recipients, except as is noted at 32 dist. §. verum. &c. nullus.

Likewise Alexander, epist. 2.

¶So much more easily are priests heard, as they are more worthy before God.

THe priests themselves intercede for the people, and blot out and consume the sins of the people a: who, the worthier they are, the more easily they are heard for the necessities for which they cry out.

Likewise Gelasius to Bishop Elpidius.

¶The Holy Spirit is not present in the sacraments which are ministered by criminals.

THe most sacred b religion, which contains catholic discipline, claims for itself such great reverence that none may dare approach it except with a pure conscience. For how shall the heavenly spirit, invoked ?, come to the consecration c of the divine mystery, if the priest, and the one who beseeches him to be present, is rejected as full of criminal ? actions?

Likewise Gregory in the register, book 1, epist. 24.

¶An unclean hand defiles the things it touches; it does not cleanse them.

IT is necessary that the hand which seeks to wash away filth be studious to be clean: lest, having touched things, it more grievously defile them, if it holds the mud of filth ?. For it is written: Be ye clean, you that carry the vessels c of the Lord. For the vessels of the Lord are the souls of his servants, taken up to be led inward ? by the example of their conversation.

Likewise Augustine, book 50 of the homilies, homily 26.

¶The word of Christ is to be preserved equally with the body of Christ.

I ask you, brothers and sisters: tell me, which seems to you to be more, the word of God, or the body of Christ? If you wish to answer truly, this surely is what you must say: that the word of God is no less than the body of Christ. And therefore, with as much care as we observe, when the body of Christ is administered to us, that nothing of it from our hands fall to the ground, with as much care ? let us observe that the word of God, which is bestowed upon us, while we think or say something else, perish not from our heart: because he will be no less guilty who has heard the word of God g negligently, than he who has by his negligence permitted the body of Christ to fall h to the ground.

The same, book 4 on the Trinity, c. 14.

¶I ask. CASE. It is said here that the word of Christ must be heard with equal diligence, lest it slip from the heart, just as...

¶Any priest is suspended for mortal sin as regards himself.

a. ¶The priests themselves. The priests eat the sins of the people. Thus 1. q. 1. quia.

a. ¶The priests themselves. ¶They eat. That is, they eat the things offered for sins. 1. Or they are said to eat the sins of the people, because they blot them out, and so they eat the sins of the people by their ordinations. Or perhaps because by the example of good operation and by the word of preaching they correct men, and thus as far as in them lies they blot them out. 36. dist. §. ut sane ?. Likewise. As s. e. q. ut evidenter. Or we say that God blots out the sin, that is, the guilt of sin: 2. the priest mitigates by his prayers the punishment to be inflicted for the sin: 3. or we say that the sin is said to be blotted out as in 13. q. 2. animae. H. Or those are said to eat the sins of the people who can support themselves from their own means, and yet take from the goods of the Church ?.

b. ¶Most sacred. That is, the religious reverence of the sacraments. Or that is, the Eucharist, or any other sacrament whatever. Below same q. ventum.

c. ¶Consecration. Because it is a divine ministry that has performed it, not the administration of the minister, as below de consecr. distinct. ?.

¶Word. That is, what is signified by the word, or what is conceived through the word.

h. ¶Fall. De consecr. dist. 2. qui bene.

(Continuing from p. 508.)

¶Neither. CASE. It is said here that, for the sacrifice to be offered rightly and properly, it ought to be ministered by an honest man and received by a just one — and this is what the text says. “For those for whom it is offered,” supply: “worthily.”

a. ¶Neither. Note that three things are said here: namely that the sacraments...

¶On the same.

NEither a can that be rightly b offered, except by a just and holy priest; nor can it be offered unless it be received by those for whom it is offered c; and that without fault d, so that it may be offered for the cleansing e of those defiled f. This indeed all desire, who wish that the sacrifice be offered to God for themselves.

With the life b of priests the Eucharist is impaired ?; this is to be understood not of the consecration but of the effect ?. For it does not confer the effect of salvation upon him to whom rather pertains ? the saying of the Apostle: He who eats the body of the Lord and drinks his blood unworthily, eats and drinks judgment to himself. Therefore against those who think that they can be cleansed by frequent offering of the sacrifice while not ceasing to act impiously against the law of God, that saying of Jerome is to be understood. But that a priest, even if he be bad, nevertheless for those offering ? transfuses grace to men, Augustine testifies in his book of questions on the Old Testament, c. 11.

¶Priests invoke the name of the Lord, but the Lord bestows the blessing.

IT was said h by God in Numbers to Moses and Aaron the priests: You shall put i my name upon the children of Israel: I the Lord will bless them, so that he may transfuse the grace of his transmission through the ministry of the one ordaining onto men: nor can the will of the priest obstruct or avail k, but only the merit of the one asking the blessing. ¶How great is the dignity of the priestly order, let us perceive from this. For it was said of the most wicked Caiaphas, the slayer of the Savior, among other things: Now this he said not of himself, but being the high priest of that year, he prophesied. From this it is shown that the spirit of graces does not follow a person, whether worthy or unworthy, but the ordination of the transmission; so that, although someone be of good merit, he nevertheless cannot bless unless he has been ordained to exercise the office of ministry. But it is God’s task to grant the effect of the blessing.

But the assertion that the sacraments of dignity ministered through heretics are said to lack effect is refuted by the authority of Pope Anastasius, who approved the ordination of Acacius, although a heretic...

¶Neither. Note that three things are said here: namely that the sacraments of the Lord are not rightly or properly conferred unless they are conferred by worthy persons, and received by worthy persons, and in the form of the Church. The first is noted at: Except by a priest. The second at: Nor unless. The third at: And that, etc.. Some divide the chapter into two parts. In the first mention is made of the sacrifice, which is received by the one for whom it is offered, and this up to that place And that. In the second mention is made of the sacrament, which is not received by the one for whom it is offered. And say: “without fault,” that is, without sin.

b. ¶Rightly. With respect to the one offering and the one receiving.

c. ¶For whom it is offered. Supply: nor can it be rightly offered except by them.

d. ¶Without fault. That is, the sacrament is not aside from the form of the Church, but in the form of the Church itself.

e. ¶That for the defiled. Expound thus: so that it may be rightly offered for the defiled, that is, for those having venial ? sins. But understand generally; from this it is gathered that although the will of the priest is not for it to profit, it nevertheless profits, below de cons. dist. 4. non illud te. But what if he sings Mass that God may destroy certain persons? He will indeed consecrate, but he must be punished. Argument 26. quaes. 5. quicunque.

f. ¶For the cleansing. That is, for those having the blemish of venial sin.

CVM VITA. CASE. This §. refers to that chapter sacerdotes, where it is said that the good life of the priest is necessary for consecrating the body of Christ. Now Gratian resolves it and says that this is to be understood not of the consecration — because in truth even a bad priest consecrates — but of the effect of the consecration, because it is of no profit if it is taken by an unworthy one. And that a bad priest confers grace on those who receive worthily is proved by the following chapter.

g. ¶With the life. This refers to the chapter sacerdotes. And he resolves it well, and to confirm his solution he adduces the following chapter.

DICTVM EST. CASE. Here first it is proved by the words of the Lord, and by the example of Caiaphas, that among bad priests the sacraments are true, and that by virtue of their office they transfuse grace to men. Secondly, it is proved that so great is the force of the priestly dignity that without it there is not, even among good men, the authority to bless.

h. ¶It was said. Augustine proves that to bless requires not only merit, but also holy orders. In the first part, therefore, he sets forth the authority of the Lord, up to: How great. In the second he proves his intention both by authority and by the example of Caiaphas.

i. ¶You shall put. That is, “invoke.” 2.

k. ¶Avail. ...

QVOD VERO. CASE. It was said above in §. si ergo sacramenta, that the sacraments of dignity conferred by heretics do not have effect. Against this Gratian alleges the authority of Anastasius, which he shows to be frivolous by the authority of Gelasius and Felix, who together with Hormisdas excommunicated Acacius before they had excommunicated Anastasius. But H. expounds “before they had excommunicated Anastasius,” that is, “before Anastasius was pope”: because Acacius died before Anastasius, and Anastasius succeeded him. And thus since Anastasius succeeded Gelasius, he was not excommunicated by him, nor by his predecessors.

l. ¶But that. It was said above in §. si ergo, that the sacraments...

(Continuing from p. 509.)

...sacraments of dignity conferred by heretics do not have effect. Against this he alleges the authority of Anastasius, which he shows to be frivolous by the authority of Gelasius and Felix.

a. ¶In the treatise. From this it is proved that Gratian did not divide this work by distinctions. Argument 11. q. 3. §. evidenter.

ITEM OBIICITVR. CASE. It was said above in the chapter Arrianos, and above in §. cum ergo Innocentius, that baptism alone ? is true among heretics. Against this an objection is now raised in this chapter.

b. ¶Likewise objected. Namely, against what was said above in the same. §. cum ergo Innocentius. &c. Arrianos.

Likewise that text of Augustine, book 2 against the epistle of Parmenianus, c. 13, is objected b, in which Anastasius approves the iteration, asserting that even those whom he Acacius baptized or ordained after his condemnation were unharmed. But that he did this illicitly and not canonically — indeed, contrary to the decrees of his predecessors — is proved by Felix and Gelasius, who excommunicated Acacius before Anastasius, and by Hormisdas, who, the third in line from this same Anastasius, condemned the same Acacius. Whence also he Anastasius is repudiated by the Roman church, and is read to have been smitten by God in the deeds of the Roman pontiffs in this manner: Anastasius the Second, etc. Look back in the treatise a of the decretal epistles.

¶He who departs from the Church loses neither baptism nor the right of giving it.

WHat some c say — namely, that he who departs from the Church does not lose the baptism which he received, but does lose the right of giving d it e — appears in many ways to be said in vain and emptily. ¶First, because no reason is shown why he who cannot lose his baptism f can lose the right of giving it g. For each is a sacrament; and for what reason one is lost, for that same reason the other is lost, since each is given h to man i — the one when he is baptized, the other when he is ordained — and for this reason in the Catholic Church neither is permitted to be repeated. ¶For if at any time, from that same side k, even leaders of schism, coming over, have been received in error, although it seemed needful that they discharge the same offices that they had been discharging, they are not to be reordained †; but just as baptism remained intact in them, so also their ordination, because the fault had been in the separation (which has been corrected †), not in the sacraments l, which wherever they are m, are themselves true. And although it appears expedient for the Church that their leaders, coming to catholic society, should not administer their honors there...

† otherwise: “corrected” † otherwise: “ordained” † otherwise: “peace of unity”

c. ¶What some say. CASE. It is the opinion of some that a priest or bishop departing from the Church to the heretics does not lose the sacrament of baptism, but does lose the sacrament of orders. Augustine refutes this in many ways. First, thus: since each is a sacrament, no reason can be assigned why one should be lost rather than the other. Secondly, thus: because the custom of the Church is that, when such men return, they are not accustomed to be reordained, if the Church wishes to tolerate them. Thirdly, he says that just as one departing from the Church retains both, so it seems that he can confer both upon others outside the Church, though he confers wrongly; and when someone receives a sacrament outside the Church, if he returns to the Church, the sacrament is not to be repeated in him. And this he proves.

d. ¶Of giving. Namely, holy orders.

e. ¶Loses. For the character he cannot lose, although it seems to be said otherwise 11. q. 3. episcopus.

f. ¶To lose. For “where there is the same reason, there is the same law.” ff. ad leg. Aquil. illud. Whether however this be true, is noted 28. q. 1. sic enim. 32. q. 7. Apostolus. above ea. q. §. cum ergo.

g. ¶Right of giving. Namely, of orders. As shown at de consec. distinct. 4. Or the power of conferring baptism, below 32. q. 7. licite.

h. ¶Each. Namely, baptism and orders.

i. ¶To man. This refers to the baptism of a priest, in whom the power of baptizing is a sacrament; in a layman it is a kind of license ?, not a sacrament. 2. Argument that the knowledge of a heretic ? is valid, and binding and loosing, since he received the right of binding, judging, and loosing from the time of consecration. S. dist. 48. 3. ca. 1.

k. ¶Side. For an assembly of heretics is most rightly called a “side” pars, from “partitioning,” that is, dividing.

l. ¶Not in the sacraments. The vice was in the separation, that is.

m. ¶They are. Because by whomever they are given, they should not be repeated.

(Continuing the preceding canon, from p. 510.)

...have, and therefore they themselves exist — that is, they are firm and true and good. Yet the sacraments of ordination are not stripped from them, but remain upon them. Therefore the hand a is not laid upon them in the assembly of the people, lest injury be done not to the man but to the sacrament itself. And below. §. As they have in baptism that which can be given through them, so they have in ordination the right of giving b: each, indeed, to their own destruction, so long as they do not have the charity of unity. But yet it is one thing c to not have at all; another, to have perniciously; another d, to have salutarily. Whatever is not had must be given when there is need for it to be given; but what is had perniciously, once the destruction has been driven out through correction, must be made to be had salutarily. Although, even if a layman, in the necessity d of one perishing, has given what, when he himself received it, he learned must be given, I do not know e whether anyone could piously say it must be repeated. For if it is done with no necessity compelling, it is a usurpation of another’s office. But if necessity presses, it is either no fault or a venial fault f. And even if it is usurped under no necessity, and given by anyone whatever to anyone whatever, what has been given cannot be said not to have been given; although it can rightly be said to have been illicitly given. Therefore the affection of one remembering and repenting corrects the illicit usurpation. But if he does not correct it, what has been given will remain to the penalty of the usurper, either of him who gave illicitly, or of him who received illicitly; nevertheless it will not be held g as not given. Nor in any way will the royal sign be violated through a devoted soldier, merely because it has been usurped by private persons. For if some have stealthily and extraordinarily, not at the public mints h, struck or signed gold or silver, when this has been detected, will not the recognized royal sign, once they have been punished i or freed by pardon, be required to be brought into the royal treasures? And a little later. §. If perchance someone, not actually serving, has in a cowardly manner shrunk back k from that mark of military service in his own body, and has taken refuge in the clemency of the emperor, and, his prayer having been poured forth and pardon obtained, has begun to serve as a soldier — when the man has been freed and corrected, is that character to be repeated? Or rather, does not the emperor, recognizing it, approve it? Or perhaps the Christian sacraments cling less than this corporeal mark, when we see that even apostates do not lack baptism — though it surely is not restored to them when they return through penance, and for this reason they are judged unable to be admitted? And a little later. §. Concerning those l who are separated from the unity of the Church, there is now no question that they both have, and can give, and that they have perniciously, and perniciously hand on, the sacraments outside the bond of peace. And below. Injury must be done to neither sacrament. Below. §. Just as those who depart from unity do not have the sacraments rightly, but nevertheless have them — and therefore the sacrament is not restored to one returning — so also one who departs from unity does not give rightly; but nevertheless gives. And therefore what was received from him is not iterated for the one coming to unity. And below. §. Just as to one returning is not restored what he had even outside, so to one coming what he received even outside is not to be repeated. Whence consequently it is understood that the perversity of men is to be corrected...

† otherwise: “to someone perishing”

a. ¶Hand. Above ca. q. c. manus impositio. Contra. But this concerns the consecratory imposition.

b. ¶Of giving. That is, of consecrating, or of giving the ordination itself.

c. ¶One thing. Argument against that general statement which is extra de translatio. inter corporalia. and 7. q. 1. factus. ff. si quis; contra. cau. quoties. Argument 63. dist. Salonitanae. 45. dist. de Iudaeis. 7. q. 1. episcopis.

d. ¶Necessity. Here it is plainly gathered that laymen do not have the right of baptizing, unless “right” or “power” be taken broadly, that is, as permission, as j. de consec. dist. 4. constat. and c. à quodam. and 30. q. 1. ad limina.

e. ¶I do not know. That is, I do not approve, if anyone should say it must be repeated.

f. ¶It is a venial offense. Here is a philosophical tempering, for in truth it is none. And it is similar to 22. q. 2. in quibus.

g. ¶Will be held. Argument contra extra de iurepatro. quod autem. at the end.

h. ¶At the mints. That is, the official signs, seals, coinages, or instruments of striking coin.

i. ¶Punished. These are punished with various penalties. C. de fal. mo. p totum. Spared, however, is he who formed the coin, if before he impresses the sign he repents. ff. ad leg. Corn. de fa. qui falsam, etc.

k. ¶Shrunk back. Who perhaps fled from public war, and so became infamous 1. 6. q. 1. infames. And this is understood of those soldiers who swore that they would not avoid death on behalf of the republic. And these had a stigma, or other signs of some color, of which it is said: We wish our soldiers to know arms, not laws. C. de iure deli. sancimus. Or the sense of this text is: that if someone ? has by the authority of the prince obtained the belt of military service, and afterwards is reconciled to the prince himself — is the character to be repeated in him? As if to say, no. ADDITION. And in this reading say “shrunk back” — namely because he had not received the belt from the prince. And note here that the character is imprinted on soldiers. Jo. de Fant.

l. ¶Concerning those. He repeats what has already been said; doubt is raised here about the §., but there is no doubt: because it is not...

(Continuing the preceding canon, from p. 511.)

[is to be condemned]; but the holiness of the sacraments is by no means to be violated in any perverse person. For it is established that this [holiness], whether in perverse and wicked men inside the Church or in those outside, remains unpolluted and inviolable; and that they are said to pollute these things only insofar as it lies in their power, while the things themselves remain unpolluted: in the good they remain unto reward, in the evil they remain unto judgment. And below. §. How are those Catholics, who trust that the promises of God can be impeded from being fulfilled by no human crimes — and who attend his sacraments with such due veneration that, even if they have been handled by the unworthy, they show that, while those persons are condemned by their own persuasion, the sacraments themselves remain undefiled in their holiness — how then can such persons fail to glorify God?

α. ¶Quod accepit. Algerus likewise has this, although the original reads slightly differently.

β. ¶Neque vllo modo. These §§, down to the word violabitur*, have been added to the original; from these too this chapter has been enlarged in other places.*

γ. ¶Vel argentum. In the printed codices of St. Augustine there follows sed aes*, but in two Vatican manuscripts,* vel as*.*

  1. From these words of Augustine it is clear that in all persons — whether apostates, heretics, or the condemned — true and holy sacraments remain, so far as they are in themselves: but, unless they are aided by an indulgence, they redound to the damnation of the usurper, whether of the one who has them, gives them, or receives them. What good is it, then, that they are true and holy, when they destroy their usurpers b just the same as if they were evil and noxious? Crassus c thirsted for gold, and he drank gold — true gold, just as it would have been true poison. ¶Likewise gold d is just as truly gold in the chest of a thief as in the treasury of a king. But by a thief, since it is held unlawfully, it is unlawfully given or received; by a king it is lawfully held, lawfully given and received: and therefore the thief himself and the accomplice in the theft (unless perhaps he purge himself by acknowledging the theft), as f Gelasius declares in writing to the Emperor Anastasius, will both justly and worthily be condemned. ¶But it is objected —

Ex his. CASE. Gratian infers from the foregoing chapter that true sacraments exist among the heretics so far as they are in themselves, but they bring damnation to those who give, receive, or possess them, unless they return — just as true gold proved harmful to Crassus.

a. ¶Ex his. He infers from the preceding chapter that the sacraments are without distinction true among the heretics, down to §. opponitur, and there he raises an objection. He presents Augustine as he himself understands Augustine to speak, down to §. sed ne, where he offers one solution; down to §. quamuis, where he offers another, sound and catholic solution, in proof of which he adduces four examples that I shall note in the text.

b. ¶Perimant. That is, those things — namely, the abuse of them — as Io. de Fant. says, since these are Augustine’s words, down to §. opponitur; Hugo holds the contrary view: rather, they are Gratian’s words, as appears here in the marginal note. Below, in the same place.

c. ¶Crassus. This dictator was a contemporary of Julius Caesar and Pompey, and was killed by the Parthians with molten gold.

ITEM AVRVM. CASE. Say here that gold is gold both in the thief’s chest and in the king’s chest, but it is unlawfully given by the thief, and therefore the thief and the accomplice will be charged with the harm they have caused. And in the same place, from ex his down to the chapter per Esaiam, as H. says.

d. ¶Aurum. He who shares in it is held liable. ff. de com. fur. proinde. There is, however, a difference between the thief and the accomplice; for the accomplice cannot be manifest [i.e., caught in the act]. ff. de fur. is qui opem.

e. ¶Furti. It seems, then, that one is bound to purge oneself with respect to such knowledge. Argument: insti. de obli. q. ex delic. §. sed hac actio. nes. C. de fur. ciuile. arg. 1. q. 4. quia praesulatus. The contrary view is found in the corresponding place. And this is the argument that a person both may and must denounce a thief. Arg. ext. de fur. quicumque positis. Argument to the contrary: si. de cod, ob tur. caus. ide. and si ob stuprum §. ult. and ff. de praescri. uer. l. solet. For in both places it is said that I may lawfully accept money a from the master to point out a runaway slave. Io. Sol. In this case it seems possible to say that, according to the canons, it is not lawful.

f. ¶Vt perhibet. Here it appears that these are rather Gratian’s words than Augustine’s.

OPPONITVR. CASE. Here Gratian objects 5 to what was said above, namely, that heretics cannot confer orders, even though they can baptize. For even a deposed priest, although he can baptize, cannot consecrate; nor can one who has been deposed confer orders, even though he can baptize. But to this objection he offers a twofold solution. The first begins at [Sed ne]: that those who are received into the Church by the final imposition of hands retain its power, and those who depart from the Church [retain it], by similarity to the character of matrimony, which after divorce either is not retained, or otherwise if outside the Church. Gratian offers another solution, which begins at [Quamuis], where he says that the sacred rites of heretics are true, provided that they are celebrated according to the form of the Church, but they have no effect when ill ministered or ill received. He proves this by four arguments. First, by the true Eucharist given to the traitor. Second, by [the case where] the true [ministry] in his own country had no effect, because faith was lacking there. Third, by the twofold transfiguration of Christ, one of which did not profit unbelievers. Fourth, because the foolish virgins had virginity just as much as the wise. Finally he concludes that the sacred rites of the heretics are true. in [?]

(Continuing the Gratian dictum from p. 512.)

a — to this opinion b of Augustine: the power of conferring baptism, the right of consecrating the Lord’s body, and the authority of bestowing sacred orders differ greatly among themselves. For when a priest is suspended or deposed, no power of sacrificing is left to him. The sacrament of baptism, however, is not violated by any repetition, whether ministered by a deposed priest, by a Catholic layman, or even by a heretic or pagan c; but no reason allows those to be reckoned among priests who receive the oil of sacred (nay, execrable) unction at the hands of a layman or a pagan. It is not, therefore, consistently d to be concluded that, if the right of baptizing remains with those who have departed from the faith, the power e also of conferring sacred orders remains, although both [powers] come from consecration. For a degraded bishop does not have the power f of bestowing g sacred orders, yet he has not lost h the faculty of baptizing. ¶But a, lest i we utterly disapprove of Augustine in this opinion, let us understand that the power of conferring sacred orders is one thing, and the exercise of that power is another. For those who, established within the unity k of the catholic Church, receive priestly or episcopal unction, obtain the office and the exercise of their office from the consecration. But those who depart from the integrity of the faith retain the power they have received so far as the sacrament l is concerned, but they are utterly deprived of its effect; just as married persons departing from one another do not dissolve m the marriage once entered, yet they are found alien from the conjugal work. ¶Augustine, then, is speaking of those who, having received priestly power, depart from the unity of the catholic Church: not of those who, set in schism or heresy, receive priestly unction. Otherwise he would contradict the Council of Chalcedon n, in which those ordained by simoniacs are judged to profit in nothing, and Innocent o, who testifies that those ordained by other heretics, through the wicked imposition of hands, obtain only damnation and a wound to their head. ¶Although p it may be said in general that the sacraments which are celebrated among the heretics no otherwise than in the Church of God are true and valid as far as they are in themselves, but false and empty as to their effect — both in those by whom they are wickedly handled, and in those by whom they are ill received. Nor is it any wonder. For our very salvation himself gave the morsel to Judas: at once with the morsel, not a good but an evil spirit entered him. Why? Not because the good [giver] did not give a good thing, but because the evil one received a good thing badly: and so the good thing did not have a good effect, because, where it would do this, it did not find [a fit recipient]. ¶Likewise, the Lord, when truly present in his own country, accomplished nothing — not through an evil minister, but through himself — because he did not find faith [there];

his own [solution], which extends down to §. [Quamuis] etc.; there he sets forth another, which is more common, and to prove it he adduces a fourfold example: the first at [Ipsa enim], the second at [Item Dominus in patria, etc.], the third at [Quod vt plane], the fourth concerning the ten virgins, which begins at [Sic et omnes, etc.]. Finally he concludes from that place: [Sciendum vero] etc.; to prove his conclusion he adduces the chapter per Esaiam*.*

a. ¶Opponitur. In this section he proceeds thus: first he sets forth his own objection against Augustine, which he treats down to §. [Sed ne]. There he offers a certain solution of his own,

b. ¶Sententiae. Of the preceding chapter, where it is said that to each [orders and baptism] is given a certain consecration; and thus he seems to put orders and baptism on the same footing.

c. ¶Pagano. Above, the same question, si quis per ignorantiam. Above in the same place, §. ecce quando. Below, de consecr. distinct. 4. quos à paganis. Below, de consec. distinctio 4. à quodam.

d. ¶Consequenter. Do not here rebuke the master, for he says this by way of objection, as is plain from the solutions that follow, especially from the second.

e. ¶Potestas. That is, the exercise of power. And in this sense he speaks truly; otherwise he speaks falsely. For the power of sacrificing — that is, the priestly order — remains in him.

f. ¶Potestatem. He argues poorly: for if by power he means the priestly order or the sacrament, he has lost the power neither in this case nor in that; but if he means the exercise, then he has lost it in both.

g. ¶Largiédi. But since a heretic can first confer both baptism and orders, what will be peculiar to baptism? I say that in a case of necessity the one baptizing does not sin — which is never the case in the conferral of orders.

h. ¶Non amisit. [Namely] in necessity, and with the solemnities. 50. distinctio. qui sub gradu.

i. ¶Sed ne. Gratian says this as if Augustine had meant: they have the right of giving — that is, the exercise. And so he resolves [the difficulty].

K. ¶Vnitatem. Here Gratian touches on the opinion of Ioan. de Fant., who says that one who receives the final imposition of hands in the Church, etc. This opinion seems expressly confirmed at extra de schitma. c. 1., but is expressly rejected at q. quaestio. 1. ordinationes.

l. ¶Sacramento tenus. That is, because if they ordain, they confer orders, although they ought not. And this is what follows: without effect, etc.

m. �¶Dissoluunt. 32. q. 7. c. 2.

n. ¶Chalcedonensi. Above, the same question, c. si quis episcopus.

o. ¶Et Innocentio. Above, the same [chapter] veniunt.

p. ¶Quamuis. Solution. True is that [solution] which he likewise touched on above, and which is recited at 11. q. 1. in the beginning, and at the same, §. si ergo.

(Continuing the Gratian dictum from p. 513.)

for, by reason of the unbelief of the rest, he lacked nothing of his own truth, but [only of] the effect of good through power. ¶And that he might plainly demonstrate this in all the sacraments, he was twice a transfigured: in one transfiguration he appeared like the sun b, that the faith of believers might be increased toward contemplating the heavenly glory raised above himself; in the other, he feigned to be a stranger and unrecognizable to those doubting him [?] and to be going further away, and held their eyes — for what other purpose, except that, because by faith he was not in their hearts, he might show himself to be receding further from them, and, because they did not believe him to be that which he was, they should see him as another d than he was? Behold, in each vision his presence and his truth were the same: but in the one faith was exercised, so that they should believe more than they did; in the other unbelief was held back, so that they might not even recognize what they saw. Therefore the sacrament of his body and blood is to some [a means of salvation] [?], to others [a means] of judgment. Faith too, though without works, is dead. So likewise all the ten virgins were equally virgins: but of these, five were prudent and five [foolish]. Their virginity was equal, but the intention of that same virginity was not identical in all. So also martyrdom or alms-giving, when charity does not acknowledge it, is sounding brass e or a cymbal f. If indeed the blind g should hold a lantern of truth for the blind, neither yet on that account illumines his own blindness any the more. So also an evil minister administers true sacraments to an evil receiver, but not spiritual gifts on that account; because by their evil deserts the Holy Spirit is prevented from working in them h what is his own. Hence Innocent i, when he grants that the baptism of heretics is valid, does not yet grant that the Holy Spirit is had from that baptism; [and] for those who have received the form of baptism but are not made holy and truly so when the giver is acting unlawfully, but he commands that the Holy Spirit, which no one receives from heretics, be obtained by his invocation and the imposition of hands by Catholic priests. It must be known, however, that the sacraments of heretics are said to be invalid, or even to be condemned, false, and empty, not so far as they are in themselves — since they are holy and true even when celebrated by heretics — but because, since they are unto judgment for the unfaithful who give them unlawfully, they do not confer the Holy Spirit on those who unlawfully receive them. They are called invalid and not true because what they promise, and what is believed to be conferred, they do not bestow; and therefore they are to be condemned, so that the giving or receiving of them by heretics may not be approved but forbidden. For so far as they are in themselves they are not polluted, although they are said to be polluted by the heretics. Hence Gregory calls the communion of Arius an execration, and Innocent calls the ordination of Bonosus a condemnation: not that they are so in themselves, but that they fail those who give or receive them ill i. So too Jerome on Hosea calls their sacrifices k the bread of mourning, not as to themselves, but as to their effect — which he himself shows by adding: [Whoever shall eat of it shall be defiled, because he takes it unto judgment for himself.]

Hence also Augustine, book 2 against the Epistle, chapter 5.

α. Sed ne Augustinum.] Here Gratian seems to speak of St. Augustine as if his opinion on this matter were doubtful or uncertain:

a. ¶Bis. Concerning the first [transfiguration], or concerning the second, as it appeared to the two disciples going to the castle of Emmaus. But why does he say in the flesh, since even now he is in the flesh? But say that some say in the flesh, namely in such-and-such flesh, but wrongly. For in mortal flesh, according to mortal flesh, he was transfigured only once; after the passion indeed only once. And therefore it cannot be said when he was in the flesh, that is, among the carnal, where he assumed flesh. Or it can be understood in the flesh, scilicet mortal, and so the punctuation will be placed there: he was twice transfigured when he was in mortal flesh — that is, in the transfiguration on Mount Tabor, and after the resurrection appearing in the guise of a pilgrim. [?]

Christ was twice transfigured in the flesh.

b. ¶Sol. That is, Christ. And this is the first example.

c. ¶Apparuit mirabilis. Before James, Peter, and John on Mount Tabor.

d. ¶Alium. That is, of another sort.

e. ¶Sonans. Because it confines itself, lending sound to another.

f. ¶Charitas. 7. q. vide.

g. ¶Caeco. If a blind man tries to lead a blind man along: the leader will first fall into the pit, then the follower.

A blind man ought not to undertake to lead a blind man.

h. ¶Ne in eis. While they are in heresy, or as regards the effect, except in case of necessity or in ignorance. s. ea. perueniente.

i. ¶Innocentius. s. ea. q. qui perfectionem. j. ea. q. 7. c. 5. §. item. nec. and c. quod pro remedio.

K. ¶Sacrificia. As is said. above c. q. §. sed illi. and c. Dominus. verse nos dicimus. and c. si quis in [?].

l. ¶Non quantum. dist. 49. sacerdotes. j. ea. q. 3. saluator.

although no one has expounded this [matter] better or more fully than [Augustine] himself in his book against the Donatists [?], and he agrees entirely with the Council of Chalcedon and with Innocent.

Through Isaiah the Lord says:

[The wicked man, who sacrifices to me a calf a, is as one who slays a dog; and he who cooks (al. b) fine flour, as one who offers swine’s blood; he who offers incense in remembrance, as a blasphemer.] With a few words intervening. ¶Whoever in whatever place offers a sacrifice with such a heart or with such deeds — that he † deserves to hear this c d — brings ruin upon himself, not upon those good people e who receive from them these same sacraments, who according to the prophet Ezekiel groan and mourn over the sins which are done in their midst, although they do not bodily separate themselves on that account. And below. ¶The sacrifices of the impious will harm those very persons who offer impiously. For one and the same sacrifice, on account of the name of the Lord which is invoked, is also exalted, and becomes to each such as the heart with which he has approached to receive it. [For he who eats and drinks unworthily, eats and drinks judgment to himself.] He does not say to others f, but to himself. And below. ¶We admonish that almost in all such questions this should be understood: namely, that although all the sacraments are harmful to those who handle them unworthily, they nevertheless profit those who receive them worthily. And below. ¶The Holy Spirit so inheres in the prelate or minister of the Church that, if he is feigned [i.e., a hypocrite], the Holy Spirit still works through him both unto his recompense g unto eternal salvation, and unto the regeneration h or edification i of those who, through him, are either consecrated or evangelized. But if he is feigned, since it is most truly written: [For the holy spirit of discipline will flee the feigned one,] [the Spirit] is indeed lacking unto his salvation, so that it withdraws itself from thoughts which are without understanding; yet it does not abandon k the ministry by which through him it works the salvation of others.

α. ¶Et qui coquit.] In St. Augustine it is read: “and he who [?]gen, as it were swine’s blood; and he who offers incense, blesses an idol,” and so likewise Ivo: except that he has, “and he who fine flour,” as St. Augustine also has against the Letters of Petilian, book 2, ch. 52. To the common Greek reading St. Jerome’s Version according to the LXX best corresponds: “The wicked man, however, who immolates a calf, as one striking a man; sacrificing of the flock, as one slaying a dog; he who offers fine flour, as one offering swine’s blood; he who gives incense in memorial, as a blasphemer.” But the Latin Vulgate of Jerome from the Hebrew copy has thus: “He who immolates an ox, as one killing a man; he who slaughters a sheep, as one beating out a dog’s brains; he who offers an oblation, as one offering swine’s blood; he who is mindful of incense, as one blessing an idol †.”

It is established, therefore, as Innocent says, concerning the other heretics

¶Per Esaiam. This chapter is divided into three parts. In the first part the words of the prophet are set forth. In the second, Augustine says that wherever an evil man offers a sacrifice, he brings ruin upon himself, but not upon those who receive worthily. In the third part he says that the Holy Spirit of discipline flees the feigned.

¶Et qui coquit. CASE. First, the words of the prophet are set forth. Second, Augustine says that wherever an evil man offers sacrifice to God, he brings ruin upon himself; it does not work through him the remission of sins. The second part begins at [Quilibet]. The third at [Spiritus sanctus]. CASE. First the words of the prophet are set forth. Second, Augustine says that wherever an evil man offers sacrifice to God, he brings ruin upon himself, not upon him who receives worthily. Third, it is said that the Holy Spirit of discipline — namely, as giver — will flee the feigned. For through him he does not work the remission of sins, but he works through the office; and this is to be understood of those evils that are tolerated.

a. ¶Vitulum. Such is he, and he acts as if, etc.

b. ¶Coquit. Otherwise worships. That is, in worship as it were worshipping he offers in sacrifice. And similago is the flower of meal, from which the showbread used to be made.

c. ¶Hoc vt. What the prophet says.

d. ¶Audire. Namely, that it is said to him.

e. ¶Non illis bonis. [Not to] those who receive the sacraments from them.

f. ¶Non alijs. Argument that [what is said] of one [applies generally], etc., as dist. 45. discipulina, where it says meus non est. Argument to the contrary below, 23. q. 4. fortè.

g. ¶Mercedé. That is, eternal reward.

h. ¶Regeneratione. As of infants.

i. ¶Vel aedificatione. As of adults.

K. ¶Non deserit. Above, the same chapter, remissionem.

CONSTAT ERGO. CASE. Above, in c. 1 of this question, Leo says that simoniacs receive nothing but the spirit of lying, and damnation. In c. fertur, Gregory says that simoniacs are wounded; they have a soul [wounded with] a deadly wound. In the chapter veniunt, Innocent says that those ordained by heretics are wounded [as to] the head. From which chapter Gratian infers that it is the same of heretics and of simoniacs; holding his conclusion, he immediately objects there at [Sed obijcitur]. And there, at [Immo]. He nevertheless concludes that the sacraments ought not to be granted simoniacally.

(Continuing from p. 515.)

[and that] those ordained by simoniacs through the wicked imposition of the simoniac’s hand have a wounded head. ¶But it is objected a that in the ordination of simoniacs this alone b is found reprehensible — that the grace of the Holy Spirit is supposed to be reduced to a price — but otherwise the form of the sacraments is preserved entire in all respects. When, therefore, the unlawful usurpation of the sacrament has been corrected by penance, so that the grace of the Holy Spirit is regarded as gratuitous and not for sale, the entire effect of the unction ought to be present. Indeed even if penance does not follow, although ordained simoniacally, he is nevertheless truly to be reckoned consecrated c: just as those who formerly were not admitted to the regeneration of sacred baptism or to participation in holy communion except when a price had been given, although [admitted] simoniacally, were nonetheless reckoned baptized or partakers of holy communion: but it was only † established by the sacred canons that from then on the sacraments of Christ should not be distributed simoniacally.

Hence Gelasius to the bishops throughout Lucania, epistle 1, ch. 7.

¶No prices are to be exacted from those to be baptized or confirmed.

Let priests fix no prices d e for those to be baptized or confirmed among the faithful, nor seek to harass those being reborn f by imposing any kind of contributions: since what we freely received, we are commanded freely to give. And therefore let them by no means attempt to exact g h anything from the aforesaid, lest [the faithful], whether deterred by the pressure of poverty or driven back by indignation, refuse to approach the causes of their redemption: knowing for certain that those who shall have been detected as having committed forbidden [acts], or who have not rather of their own accord corrected what they have committed i, will incur the danger of losing their own office.

Likewise from the Sixth Synod, ch. 23.

¶No price ought to be exacted from one receiving the grace † of communion.

Let no bishop or presbyter or deacon k, who dispenses the sacred communion, exact any price l from him who receives the grace α of communion. For neither does the grace seem to be [grace], nor do we give the grace of the Holy Spirit for a price; but we grant the worthy to partake of the gift without fraud. But if anyone of those who are numbered in the clergy shall have exacted any price from him to whom he dispenses sacred communion, let him be deposed, as an imitator of simoniacal fraud.

† al. samen [?]

α. ¶Gratiam.] So also Ivo. In one ancient codex of Gratian it reads, al. gratia*.*

Heretics and simoniacs are equated. [side-note]

1 Because above c. 1 of this question Leo says that simoniacs receive nothing but the spirit of lying, and damnation; in c. feren*, Gregory said that simoniacs are wounded; they have a soul with a deadly wound. In* uentum Innocent said that those ordained by heretics have a wounded head. Whence the master too infers that simoniacs and heretics are alike, according to H. But to his own conclusion etc., as Petrus and Bartholomew of Brescia follow. [?]

[Down] to where he shows that the matter is the same with heretics and with simoniacs, from which he infers his conclusion in this §. 1. But he immediately objects against his own conclusion in two ways, at sed obijscitur and at immo. [?]

a. ¶Sed obijcitur.] Joining this with what is said of the other heretics.

b. ¶Hoc solum.] Which is not the case in the ordination of heretics.

c. ¶Reputetur.] This is true as regards the character.

¶Baptizandis.] CASE. It is said in this chapter that neither for baptism nor for confirmation ought a price to be exacted, lest on account of poverty or want men neglect their salvation; and whoever henceforth does this shall be deposed.

d. ¶Consignandisq;.] That is, those to be confirmed. The same applies to any sacrament. extra de sim. cum in ecclesia.

e. ¶Praefigant.] Thus in sexto [?] 10. quaest. ulti. nec numerus. According to what is in the letter there nūmus, the case is similar. Otherwise if it is numerus, it is not similar.

f. ¶Renascentes.] That is, those wishing to be reborn by their own will or that of their parents.

g. ¶Exigere.] Yet something offered spontaneously may be received, as above distinctio. 18. de eulogijs.

h. ¶Moliantur.] But what if the priest in no way wishes to baptize unless money is given to him? Some say that if the one to be baptized is an adult, he ought to give him nothing, because faith alone suffices for him. De consecr. distinct. 4. baptismi. Or let him baptize himself. Arg. ff. de adop. si consul. Argument to the contrary: extra de baptismo & eius effi[?], debitum. John. But certainly if anyone is in necessity, let him baptize himself; he is not, however, baptized [?] — although, were he to die, he would fly to the homeland, as the decretal illa, debitum B. says. If it is a child, let the one presenting him, or the father, baptize him; but if they are so weak, or do not know the form of baptism, or there is no one else who can baptize in necessity, money is not on that account to be given and simony committed; rather let him be allowed to die without baptism. Argum. hic, & infra ea. placuit. I would, however, rather give the money than let him die in this way — and rightly so, although [?]

i. ¶Correxerint.] By relinquishing the office and doing perpetual penance, as below in the same question [?] si quis neque. John.

¶Nullus.] CASE. It is said in this chapter that no cleric ought to exact a price from him who receives the grace of communion; and if anyone does so, he shall be deposed.

k. ¶Diaconus.] J. de consecr. dist. 2. peruenit. Contrary: there it is said that a presbyter [may] give the Eucharist, but this in necessity. 93. dist. diaconis and c. praesente. H.

l. ¶Exigat.] With effect 5 [?]. Or even the very attempt is to be punished in detestation of the crime. Above the same place, qui illu det [?]. Arg. 6. q. 1. §. verum. Arg. 47. dist. quoniam. H. Quidquid.]

Chapter 6, c. 180.

Burchard, bk. 4, c. 71.

Ivo p. 1, c. 72 and 265.

Matt. 10.

Ivo p. 2, c. 93. [?]

3 There is lacking exigendo recepit*, thus* ff. de rer. diu. l. fi. Otherwise [?] q. d pe. di. 1. cogitationes. Acc. [?]

¶Quidquid.] CASE. Say here that for the sacraments or for the conferring of orders nothing ought to be accepted, except what has been offered spontaneously; and if a cleric does otherwise, let him be deposed. And if, with the bishop knowing and negligent to correct, anything has been exacted, let him be deprived of communion for two months. But if without his knowledge the clerics have accepted anything, they shall be punished according to the quality of persons and orders by the penalties here laid down, and shall nonetheless be deposed.

m. The other [sacraments] by word [?], but this one is consummated by consent. The other sacraments took their origin from the law of the canons; this one took its origin from natural law. extra de biga. debitum. And it is not a sufficient reason that money should intervene, because [?] in [?] grace is not conferred; because neither in burial nor in funeral is grace conferred, as [?] in simony. [?]

“common grace” — which agrees better with the Greek reading: παρὰ τοῦ μετέχοντος εἰς τραπ[?]λην, τῆς τοιαύτης μεταλήψεως χάριν, ὀβολούς, ἢ εἶδος τὸ οἱονοῦν, that is, “from him who receives the communion, for the sake of such participation, let him exact obols or any other kind [of payment].” There are also some other variants of no great weight.

Likewise from the Council of Toledo, 11, ch. 8.

¶The gifts of invisible grace are not to be compared to traffickings.

Whatever is bestowed by the consolation ϐ b of invisible a grace ought never to be sold for traffickings γ c or any kind of payments, since the Lord says: [What you have freely received, freely give.] And therefore, whoever henceforth, being constituted in ecclesiastical order, has received for such ambition any prices or rewards (except what δ has been voluntarily offered) for the baptizing and confirming of the faithful, or for the conferral of chrism, or for promotion of grades — if such a thing has been done by his subordinates with the bishop of the place knowing it, that same bishop shall lie under excommunication d for two months, for the reason that he covered known ε evils and did not apply the necessary correction. But if one of his [clergy], without his knowledge, has thought he should accept anything for the aforesaid items e: if he is a presbyter f, let him be struck with four months’ excommunication g; if a deacon, with three; but a subdeacon h or cleric serving these greeds is to be struck with a fitting ζ penalty i and with due excommunication.

β. ¶Consolatione. In the printed councils once at Cologne and Paris, in their two Vatican codices not [?] of the Catholic king, and in Ivo, it reads collatione*; but on account of the gloss it has not been emended.*

γ. ¶Nunquam quaestibus. In the same Royal codex it reads numorum quaestu, vel quibuslibet praemijs venundari penitus non debet*; in others cited above,* nunquam quaestu*.* [?]

δ. ¶Nisi.] From the same Royal codex these words [?] are absent, nisi — so that in such cases it forbids even voluntary offerings, as was established in the Council of Elvira, below in the same chapter, emendari*, and concerning sacred ordinations in the Council of Trent, session 21, ch. 1. In other codices, however, the word* nisi is present.

ε. ¶Quod scita. Formerly it was read in conscientia mala*. It has been emended from the Royal codex; and in Ivo there are various readings.*

ζ. ¶Competenti poena.] Deposition. Below the same q. 3 c. last. [?]

a. ¶Inuisibilis.] That is, the sacrament in which invisible grace is contained by signification.

b. ¶Consolatione.] Note that matrimony is not [?] of those sacraments which bestow the consolation [?] of heavenly grace; and therefore in it a price may intervene. 32. q. 2. honorantur. The others so hold the signification of a sacred [?] thing that they equally have its virtue; this [matrimony] [holds] only the signification [?].

Rather, inasmuch as a sacrament it bestows grace, as the Council of Trent decrees, session 24, ch. 1; and therefore to give money for it, as it is a sacrament, is unlawful; [but allowed?] insofar as it is by nature an office. St. Thomas, 2-2 q. 100 art. 2 ad 6.

c. ¶Quaestibus.] From quaero quaeris, not from quaeror quereris.

d. ¶Excommunicationi.] That is, suspension. 32. dist. cos. no. [?] — that the bishop is to be suspended because he does not correct his subordinate.

A bishop who does not correct his subordinate is to be suspended.

e. ¶Crediderit.] To this end, that he may hide that crime.

f. ¶Si presbyter.] Here antiquity inflicted a light penalty: but from later decrees, they are subject to the peril of [losing] this honor of theirs, and are struck with the mark of infamy, as above ch. qui baptizandis [?], and 1. q. 3. c. ult.

g. ¶Excommunicatione.] Here the priest is punished more severely than the bishop. Arg. 1 [?] 40. dist. homo 1. But here the presbyter has offended in two ways, both because he is contemptuous and because he commits simony; the bishop only in negligence. 2. And as for what it says, let him be struck with four months’ excommunication, this penalty does not exclude deposition. Others understand this chapter of the negligent. 3. Not of the one who commits [the act]. But this understanding is opposed by nor must it be known and to greeds. But understand this through extra de simo. nemo, namely, when one conceals another’s vice only for money. Arg. supr. ea. c. ibi, contexit. B. But still this understanding is contradicted [?] by what it says about the penalty, because a lesser penalty is imposed on greater [persons]. But say that it is a greater penalty for the bishop to cease for two months than for the presbyter for four. 40. dist. homo Christianus.

A priest is punished more severely than a bishop.

1 Arg. extra de cle. vena. nat. c. 1.

2 So note below 24. q. 1. qui contra. in gl. vlt.

h. ¶Clericus.] And according to this, a cleric in minor [orders] can be a prelate.

i. ¶Competenti poena.] Deposition. Below the same, q. 3 c. ult. And according to this, a cleric in minor [orders] [?]

3 And such a one is not a simoniac: because he wishes neither to buy nor to sell; but in that he gives so much, he is a simoniac, because he commits simony and conceals it, [?] approved de simo. nemo. H. [?] placuit*.* [?]

Grace is not conferred in burial.

Ivo p. 1, c. 73 and pt. 5, c. 126.

Matt. 10.

* Rather, inasmuch as a sacrament it bestows [?] grace, as the Council of Trent decrees, session 24, ch. 1; and therefore to give money for it, as it is a sacrament, is unlawful; [allowed?] however, insofar as it is by nature an office [?]. St. Thomas, 2-2 q. 100, art. 2 ad 6.

ζ. ¶Et competenti.] In the common editions it read pro arbitrio competenti poena*; the words* pro arbitrio have been removed, because they are not found in the ancient examples, in the printed councils, in manuscripts, or in Ivo, nor does the author of the gloss recognize them.

Likewise from the second Council of Braga, ch. 4.

The inscription has been corrected from several ancient codices. For in the common editions it read ex Carthaginensi quarto*, in which it is not found.*

¶Nothing is to be exacted from priests for the balsam which is placed in the chrism.

It has been resolved that no bishop shall further exact anything for the small amount of balsam a which, blessed, is given for the sacrament of baptism throughout the churches; since some are accustomed † to exact a tremissis b for it: lest by chance, just as Simon Magus wished to buy the gift of God with money, so we, selling what is consecrated for the salvation of souls through the invocation of the Holy Spirit, should ourselves damnably be sold.

† al. à singulis tremisses exigi] al. singuli tremisses exigi Acts 8. [?]

Likewise from the same, ch. 7.

¶Nothing is to be exacted from those who bring their infants for baptism.

It has been resolved that each bishop shall command throughout his churches that those who offer their infants for baptism — if they offer anything voluntarily of their own vow, it is to be received from them. But if through the constraint of poverty they have nothing to offer, no pledge is to be violently taken from them by the clerics. For many of the poor, fearing this, hold back their sons from baptism: and if perhaps, while [baptism] is deferred, they depart this life without the grace of baptism, their c perdition d must necessarily be required e from those whose despoilings they feared, on account of which they withdrew themselves from the grace of baptism.

Likewise from the Council of Elvira, ch. 48.

¶He who is baptized is to throw no coins into the basin.

It has been resolved to amend, so that those who are baptized (as used to be done) shall not throw f coins into the basin: lest the priest g

¶Placuit, vt nullus.] CASE. It is here laid down that no bishop shall exact a tremissis for chrism, as bishops were once accustomed to do, lest they, in selling [it] — as Simon Magus wished to buy [the gift] — be themselves damnably sold.

a. ¶Balsami.] That is, of chrism, or chrism. Therefore chrism cannot be sold, even in necessity, since it is a sacrament. 1. q. 1. multi. and 1. q. 3. si quis praebendas and above, the same place, quidquid.

Chrism cannot be sold.

b. ¶Tremissem.] A tremissis is the third part of a solidus. Concerning this tremissis you have C. de veste [?] milit. fortissimis. lib. 12. And it is therefore called tremissis according to Isidore, as it were “thrice put together [ter missus] it makes a solidus.”

A tremissis is the third part of a solidus.

¶Placuit.] CASE. It is laid down in this chapter that for the conferring of baptism nothing is to be exacted; however, what is offered spontaneously may be received; and if anyone, through fear of extortion, has withdrawn himself from baptism, the soul of the one in peril shall be required from such a priest.

c. ¶Eorum.] Argument that he is in the same perdition who gives the cause or occasion of damage, and he who is seen to have caused the damage. J. [?] 23. q. 5. de occidendis and c. cum homo. Contrary: 26. q. 6. si presbyter. J. 27. q. 2. si tu abstines. S. dist. 55. si quis absciderit. J. 17. q. 4. diffiniuit. saepe. J. 16. q. 1. decimae [?]. 50. dist. studeat. and c. Jo. Sol. This is to be understood of a proximate cause, especially when they give the cause or occasion with evil zeal. H.

He is seen to have caused the damage who gives occasion for the damage.

d. ¶Perditio.] For there is no difference whether one kills or provides the cause of death. ff. ad l. Cor. de sic. nihil. Hence if, after the oath of impunity has been given, the priest does not return runaway slaves who have fled to the church, and they afterward flee, their flight is to be sought from the priest, as below 17. q. 4. diffiniuit. For he who gives the occasion of damage, etc. ff. ad l. Aquil. qui occidit. §. ult.

e. ¶Requiratur.] Note that for time and place things become unlawful which are simply lawful, as 27. q. 1. neque uiduas.

¶Emendari.] CASE. It is here said that for baptism nothing should be received, nor are the feet of those to be baptized to be washed. The next two chapters are clear, in which it is said that for the sacraments, or for orders, burial, chrism, communion, or lights, nothing ought to be exacted.

1 Hence he adds, ne sacerdos etc.

f. ¶Non mittant.] For simony is presumed. 1. A similar presumption arises from time or place. J. 31. q. 1. relatu. speciem mali. Arg. extra de transact. constitutus. ff. ad leg. Iul. de ambitu. l. una, where it is said that the accused ought not to enter the house of the judge. Here argue that a deed in itself praiseworthy is reproved by reason of time, lest a malign [?] occasion be introduced. For although to throw coins into the basin is a work of piety, yet at the time of receiving baptism it introduces a suspicion of simony. Arg. is ff. ad l. Iul. de ambitu. l. vna. in fin. — so much so that if even under some pretext it is given at a forbidden time, the presumption of simony does not vanish. Arg. 57. dist. si quis in aegritudine 2. 8. q. 3. c. primo.

A work in itself praiseworthy is reproved by reason of time.

2 And note j. 18. q. 2. diff[i]nimus.

g. ¶Ne sacerdos.] Argument that one must abstain not only from evils but also from every appearance of evil. Arg. above 54. dist. generalis.

One must abstain from every appearance of evil.

† al.: à singulis tremisses exigi] al. singuli tremisses exigi. Acts 8. [?]

(Continuing C. CIV from p. 518.)

may seem to sell for a price what he freely received. Nor are their feet to be washed a by priests or clerics.

Likewise from the Council of Tribur.

¶Nothing ought to be exacted for the reception of baptism or chrism.

It has been said that in certain places coins are accustomed to be given for the reception of chrism, and likewise for baptism and communion. This seed of the simoniacal heresy the holy synod has detested and anathematized; and it has decreed that henceforth nothing whatsoever shall be exacted, neither for ordination, nor for chrism, nor for baptism, nor for balsam, nor for burial, nor for communion; but let the free gifts of Christ be given by free dispensation.

Likewise from the Council of Chalon, in the time of Charlemagne, ch. 17.

¶Nothing ought to be exacted for the dedication of basilicas, or for conferring the other sacraments of the Church.

We decree that, just as nothing is to be accepted for the dedication of basilicas or for the conferring of orders, so likewise priests who are about to receive chrism shall give nothing for balsam or for buying lights b. The bishops therefore shall buy the balsam from the resources of the church, and shall each provide for the lights to be used in their own churches.

  1. Just as c, then, these sacraments d, even when ministered simoniacally, nevertheless confer on the recipient the effect of the blessing, so likewise priestly unction, even when ministered simoniacally, ought not to lack its effect. But, as has been said above, those sacraments are of necessity, these are of dignity; and therefore the privileges of those cannot generate a common law for these. Simoniacs therefore have a wounded head through the wicked imposition of the simoniacal hand. This, however, is to be understood of those whom neither ignorance nor the violence of compulsion excuses; who are ordained by those whom they undoubtedly know to be simoniacs, whether they are ordained by them simoniacally or not simoniacally. For as Pope Nicholas distinguishes: some are ordained simoniacally by simoniacs; others, simoniacally by non-simoniacs; others, not simoniacally by simoniacs.

Pope Nicholas II hints at this distinction, writing to all the bishops.

¶On the threefold kind of simoniacs.

We establish e the decree concerning simoniacs of the threefold heresy: that is, concerning the simoniacs who simoniacally ordain or have been ordained; and concerning simoniacs ordained simoniacally by non-simoniacs; and concerning simoniacs [ordained] not simoniacally by simoniacs. ¶The simoniacs simoniacally ordained, or the simoniac ordainers, according to the ecclesiastical [canons] —

a. ¶Lauandi sunt.] Because the Milanese first wash the feet of the children with consecrated water, and then baptize them: and they do not sin, because they do this on the authority of Ambrose: that he who is wholly clean does not need anything except to wash his feet. Yet in that authority the feet are understood, that is, the affections.

The Milanese washing.

¶Dictum est.] CASE that prices are forbidden for lights even at the time [of baptism], in the extravagans of Alexander III [?] de his sane. Hu — it is sufficiently said extra de Simon. non satis [?] and cap. cum in ecclesia.

ADDITION. Add to this what is read and noted above ch. emendari. Archid.

¶Statuimus.] CASE. This chapter is divided into two parts. In the first part the same thing is said which was said in the distinction of Nicholas. In the second part, which begins at [Simoniaci], it says that simoniacs simoniacally ordained, together with their ordainers, must be deposed. Simoniacs, however, simoniacally ordained by non-simoniacs shall be removed from the ill-acquired office, but the ordainers shall not be deposed. With those not simoniacally ordained by simoniacs, dispensation may be given on grounds of necessity, that they remain in their office.

¶Sicut ergo.] CASE. Gratian infers that just as these sacraments — namely, baptism and chrism — have effect even when ministered simoniacally, so also priestly unction. But there is this difference between those and these: that those are sacraments of necessity, but these of dignity. Simoniacs, then, have a wounded head, whom ignorance or another cause does not excuse. Hence Nicholas distinguishes: some are ordained simoniacally by simoniacs; some simoniacally by non-simoniacs; some not simoniacally by simoniacs. Which [?] distinction is proved by the following chapter.

c. ¶Sicut.] Here Gratian’s dispute reaches its end, in which he sometimes compares simoniacs to heretics and sometimes does not, as above, the same place, §. quia ergo and the following §.

d. ¶Hęc sacramenta.] Namely [?], baptism and chrism.

e. ¶Statuimus.] Here he says the same thing as in §. nisi, because [?] he adds —

b. ¶Luminaribus.] He removes fraud also as to the things necessary for confecting the chrism. Note [?]

Feet in sacred letters signify the affections.

affections, namely, that one have a pure heart, according to that: “How beautiful are the feet of those who evangelize peace,” etc.

s. e. remissionē [?]. §. sed notandū. [?]

4. sent. dist. 25. Pann. l. 3. c. 127.

Burc. l. 4. c. 93. Iuo p. 1. c. 287 [?]. Pann. l. 1. c. 98.

Pann. l. 4. c. 101. Iuo p. 1. c. 295.

(Continuing C. XVII from p. 519.)

— let them fall from their own rank †. Likewise the simoniacs simoniacally ordained by non-simoniacs are in like manner to be removed from the ill-acquired office. But those who are simoniacs not a simoniacally ordained by simoniacs, we mercifully b grant, by the imposition of hands, to remain in office c, on account of the necessity of the times.

But this d is to be understood of those who are ordained by simoniacs whom they did not know to be simoniacs. These the guilt of crime does not make simoniacs, but the ordination by a simoniac does.

Of whom Pope Urban speaks in the Council of Piacenza, ch. 3 and 4 art. [?]

¶Concerning those who are ordained not simoniacally by simoniacs.

If any e have been ordained not simoniacally by simoniacs — if indeed they shall be able to prove f that, when they were being ordained, they did not know them to be simoniacs, and if at that time α g they were held in the church as Catholics — we mercifully tolerate the ordinations of such persons, provided that a praiseworthy life commends them. But those who knowingly have permitted themselves to be consecrated (nay, execrated) by simoniacs, we altogether decree their consecration to be void —

α. ¶Et si tunc.] Previously it read & quod tunc, as if the burden of proving it lay on the one wishing to purge himself. It has been emended from two manuscript exemplars of that council.

The same Nicholas the Younger. The same Alexander II.

The words of this and the following chapter regarding simoniacs are in the epistle of Nicholas II, in which he reports the council held by him; and Alexander II repeated them in his epistle directed to all the Catholic bishops, which is preserved in Rome in three very old manuscript codices.

*[He] adds what the law is when they are thus ordained. [?]

a. ¶Simoniacos autem non.] Those persons are called simoniacs in word only, not in real guilt. Extra de si. de simoniacè — namely, on account of the ordination performed by simoniacs, just as a usurer is sometimes called one who pays usury. ff. de vsur. debitor. To this —

b. ¶Misericorditer.] And so it is here said that they did not receive the exercise [of orders].

c. ¶Permanere.] In execution.

SED HOC. CASE. Gratian says that this last clause is to be understood of those who are ordained not simoniacally by simoniacs whom they did not know to be simoniacs, whom their own guilt does not [?] make simoniacs, but the ordination by a simoniac.

d. ¶Sed hoc.] It looks back to the last part of the preceding chapter, namely simoniacs not by guilt, but on account of the ordination, in the next chapter below.

¶Si qui à simoniacis.] CASE. It is here said that if anyone has been ordained without payment by a bishop, but [ordained] by his [?] simoniacal [ordainer]: if he has proved that at that time he [the ordainer] was tolerated by the Church, and that he did not know him to be a simoniac, dispensation may mercifully be given to him. But if he knew him to be a simoniac, he must be deposed. The following chapter is plain, which is to be noted.

e. ¶Si qui.] H. understands this chapter of those cut off [from the Church], who however were not known to be cut off by those being ordained [?]. For his opinion is that, if it is hidden that the ordainer is a hidden simoniac, who is tolerated, the ordained receives the exercise, as 15. q. 7. c. ult. — unless it is notorious, as 32. dist. §. veri [?]; or unless this can be proved by witnesses, as above the same place, quisquis. And therefore, in order that what follows here may have its place — namely mercifully etc. — he must necessarily read it of those cut off. We, however, who think otherwise (argument j. ca. quibusdā and 3. c. reperitur), read this chapter of secret simoniacs. For however secret they may be, even if unknown, such a one does not obtain the exercise. And this in a simoniac in orders; and although it happens without the fault of the one ordained, he nevertheless needs dispensation, both in detestation of the crime, and therefore he says mercifully — and although this is the case with one in ignorance, it is otherwise with one who was coerced, as below the same place, constat. For the latter is by right to be admitted to the exercise: and the reason is that the will of one coerced is more clearly known to us than that of one in ignorance. Nor are you to understand that chapter de bap. maiores, because however [?] —

Whether one ordained by a hidden simoniac receives the exercise of orders.

f. ¶Probare.] By oath. Extra de sent. excō. si vero. Or it is proved by the very fact that it is not proved 5 [?]. C. milli [?] no possu[m] per seruis. lib. 12. But suppose the prelate is a simoniac, and wishes to ordain me. If I can prove it [?], I ought not to receive orders from him; if I cannot [?] —

If a simoniac [bishop] wishes to ordain his subordinate against his will, what the law is.

¶Probare.] Hence the argument that one who alleges ignorance must prove it. 1. And since proof is made in three ways — namely, directly, when that is proved from which what is intended necessarily or probably follows — yet for ignorance a probable proof suffices; which appears from what is said, at that time they were held as Catholics. From the following words also, if a more praiseworthy life commends them, it can be argued that prior merits avail to obtain pardon for an offense afterwards committed. Arg. ff. de re mili. non omnis. Io. Argument that one alleging ignorance must prove it, as below 9. quaest. 1. ordinationes; below 14. quaest. ult [?]. in lectum; extra. de elect. innotuit. Above, dist. 82. propositi. Contrary, below 3. q. 9. indicas. Contrary, B.

One who alleges ignorance is bound to prove it.

1 Compare the text in l. verius, and the gloss there; and in l. cū de indebito, in the gloss at the word ignoranti. ff. de prob.

g. ¶Et quod tunc.] 15. quaest. ult. c. ult. Arg. j. 9. quaest. 1. cap. 3. Contrary. Solution: for there it is said that those who have been ordained by heretics expressly excommunicated, not knowing them to be condemned — their ordinations shall be held valid; but here it says that they are valid only if their ordainers were held to be Catholics. Whence it is gathered —

¶Add to this text what is noted in l. si quēquam [?] C. de episc. & cleri.

Master, in the same place.

C 4. [?]

(Continuing the preceding gloss, from p. 520.)

d. In dignity. That is, in an order. Extra de simo. tanta. Note infra ea. q. 5. c. 1. l. cum enim furtivus sit chara?ter. Infra ea. ordinationes non potest dispensari. M.: a sense contrary to an authority must always be accepted for the sake of law and a certain reason, as a diligent reader will find in several passages of the Decretum. Or take it more strictly [?].

Furthermore we decree that if anyone hereafter permits himself to be consecrated by one whom he does not doubt to be a simoniac, both the consecrator and the consecrated shall undergo no unequal sentence of damnation: but both, deposed, shall do penance, and shall remain deprived of their proper dignity.

Likewise a little above.

Concerning simoniacs we decree that no mercy is to be shown by preserving them in their dignity; but, according to the sanctions of the canons and the decrees of the holy Fathers, we wholly condemn them, and by apostolic authority we ordain that they be deposed.

This must be taken with the understanding “unless they have been drawn in by force.” For concerning these, and those ordained by force by any heretics whatsoever, Innocent speaks to the bishops of Macedonia, epist. 22, c. 5.

It is clear that many have suffered violence, and unwilling, drawn in, and resisting, have been ordained by heretics. But if such a one, after such an ordination, was not present when they confected the sacraments, if he did not participate in their communion, if, as soon as they had departed, he renounced their most wicked conventicle and returned to the Church — such a one may have some color of excuse. As for those, however, who returned after a month or more, when they considered themselves ordained by heretics — although they received nothing from them — they are guilty of usurped dignity.

α. Them [illis]. In the edition of the three tomes one reads “departing from his most wicked one.” But the edition of the four tomes and the codex of canons reads as Gratian does. The compiler has adapted many things in this chapter at his own judgment.

Many such persons, considered as reformed by the intuition of piety, the catholic mo-

¶It is clear [Constat]. CASUS. It is said here that if any have been ordained by heretics through coercion: if they did not consent to their communion, but immediately, when the violence ceased, returned to the Church, they are sufficiently excused; but those who return after a month are then guilty of an accepted dignity.

e. ¶If immediately. Argument: if a woman is handed over to someone unwilling, and she resists with all her strength, if she flees immediately after the handing over, that marriage does not hold, which is presumed from the word at Cum statim. Especially if she never consented. H. And so by what follows the preceding are grasped 2. 12. q. 2. quod ait. De poeni. dist. 3. Iudas.

f. ¶Returned. With this intention, that he not return to them again: as the law says, he who flees from enemies with the intention of returning to them again does not have the right of postliminium. ff. de cap. And c. 1. pen. for it is not enough that he has returned home, if he is alienated in mind, as ff. de offic. praef. l. 1. divus. and 39. q. indicas.

g. ¶Of excuse. An argument that someone in doubt is excused from punishment because of coercion in orders. Thus 50. dist. presbyteros. 15. q. 6. c. 1. 20. q. 3. praesens. Argument to the contrary, 15. q. 1. merito. And infra de conse. dist. 4. eos, quos.

h. ¶After a month. Argument: if a woman is handed over to someone unwilling, and she remains in the house with him for some time, and when she could she did not flee; if she afterwards leaves the man, she can be recalled by him, because by such a consent of time the marriage was ratified. Argument 31. q. 2. de neptis. 63. dist. quanto. 50. dist. presbyteros. & dist. 45. de Iudaeis. & extra de spon. ad id quod.

¶Furthermore [De cetero]. [CASUS.] Does not doubt. Because it is notorious: or by sentence. H. But the letter contradicts.

b. ¶Let them undergo sentence. Understand this concerning him whom he could prove to be a simoniac, who is to be ordained. Better understand it according to what I said in the gloss on the immediately preceding chapter, on the gloss per sacramentum, at the word hoc teneas. A.

¶Toward simoniacs. CASUS. He says in this chapter that simoniacs promoted to some dignity must be deposed: and no dispensation can be made with them. The following § makes it clear, where he excepts those drawn by force: whether they were drawn by simoniacs or by heretics.

c. ¶No [mercy]. Infra eod. si quis neque. Infra ead. q. 7. requiritis. Infra ead. q. 5. c. contra. Sol.: here simony is in both the promoted and the promoter.

i. ¶Or more. Argument for proving that consent was present in marriage, and [that one should] not at once turn away while one is able. 16. q. 1. revertimini.

¶Such persons [Tales]. CASUS. It is said in this tales, namely those drawn by force by heretics: whether they returned immediately or not, they are sometimes tolerated out of mercy: but no dispensation is made with simoniacs: nor can they perform authentic — that is, fruitful — penance, unless they renounce that which they have simoniacally obtained: and then a dispensation is made with them, just as a dispensation is made with the lesser heretics. The following chapter makes it clear, in which it is shown how a dispensation is made with a heretic.

k. ¶Such persons [Tales]. Namely those who consented to the heretics: or immediately [?]

(Continuing gloss k from p. 521.)

withdrew, or not immediately. The same I take to be true even after a moment, if they had already consented: and the same after a hundred years, if they had not consented. For he would always be accused. ff. de re. mil. non omnes. § qui captus. Therefore he is dealing with the fact here, but he says “those who after a month” because even if they have returned within a month, they are always presumed to have been unwilling, unless the contrary is proved: but after a month they would be presumed to have consented, unless the contrary is proved. And it is so C. ad Vellea. l. si mulier perfecte.

(Continuing the editorial note attached to C. CXI.)

...the laying on of hands with satisfaction and the medicine of penance: but we read of the damnation of simoniacs and of those who have consented to them, and we do not read by name of the authentic medicine for this heresy; except that, just as has been the practice in the case of the Novatianists or the Donatists — lesser heretics certainly — not canonically but out of the intuition of piety; so also we gather that from these also it may be done, and this also because in other respects they have an entirely orthodox faith, except that they say the Holy Spirit is for sale. And, as Blessed Augustine says, when heretics return, in the part by which they have cut themselves off from the Church, let them be healed; in the part by which they have adhered, let them be acknowledged.

Hence also Leo to Januarius of Aquileia, epist. 3.

Every cleric of any order whatsoever, who, abandoning catholic unity, has stained himself by the contagion of heretical or schismatic association, if he returns to the Church with legitimate satisfaction and condemnation of his errors, let him have this indulgence: that, with every hope of promotion taken from him, he may remain in the order in which he is found.

Concerning those, however, who are simoniacally ordained by non-simoniacs (as for example those who, by giving money to the archdeacon or to the bishop’s counselors — the bishop being ignorant — bring it about that they receive holy orders from his hand), Gregory VII writes thus in the Roman synod held in the year of the Lord 1078, November 19, c. 5.

Ordinations which take place at the intervention of a price, or of service paid to some person with this inten-

α. ¶Januarius. It is also cited thus infra ead. q. 7. c. saluberrimum. And so it is found in the manuscript codices of Leo, although in the printed editions it is “Julian.” Moreover the very words of the epistle are quoted in the said chapter Saluberrimum, and in part supra ead. c. si quis haeretica. For here the opinion is rather asserted.

a. ¶Authentic. That is, fruitful: unless he has renounced the execution of the thing obtained, as infra ea. q. si quis neque.

b. ¶Has been practiced [Usurpatum est]. That is, has been done against strict rigor: argument C. de iur. do. ubi.

c. ¶Novatianists. Infra ea. quaest. 7. Maximum. & c. Donatum.

d. ¶Lesser [heretics]. For with the greater heretics no dispensation is made, as infra q. 7. c. 1.

e. ¶So also. With simoniacs a dispensation is to be made, as will now be held.

f. ¶In other respects. That is to say: and this contributes to dispensation.

g. ¶Let them be acknowledged. Argument that if in a document there is something false in some part, and in some part it is true, we ought to receive it. C. de transf. si ex falsis. Argument to the contrary 9. dist. si ad sacras. & 42. dist. cap. quiescamus.

h. ¶Every [Omnis]. [¶Let him have.] If he was not stained by ratified anointing, as 7. q. 7. saluberrimum.

i. ¶We find. If he has received those orders simoniacally, and [as to] with whom a dispensation is made and with whom not, these verses say:

If an order is given twice, or baptism repeated, Let the status of faith be sought as the order requires. Or if it is preferred that Simon should perform either, So that he may dispense, the hope is held utterly vain. 5. ea. fi. quis.

ON THESE [DE HIS]. CASUS. Gratian here pursues those who are simoniacally ordained by non-simoniacs, and the case is plain.

¶Ordinations. CASUS. It is said here that an ordination which is conferred at a price, by entreaties, or by service, is judged false. The same is said of the ordination of one who is not canonically elected: because one ordained in this way does not enter through the door, but is a thief and a robber. The following § makes it clear.

k. ¶At a price. Given, or retained, or promised. C. de transf. transactionem remittere dare est. extra de testi. veniens. a [?].

¶Or by entreaties. This concerns entreaties on behalf of an unworthy person, and those bestowed out of carnal love, or extended by oneself: otherwise not, as infra eadem, latorem.

¶Or by entreaties. Here you have it that entreaties induce simony, as infra c. sunt nonnulli. 8 q. 1. Moyses. And this is true if someone asks for himself: such a person thrusts himself forward, which is not lawful, as 8. q. 1. in scripturis. & extra de iure patro. per nostras. Others say that if someone [asks] for himself, if he is worthy [?]

tion, or which are not made by the common consent of the clergy and people according to the canonical sanctions, and are not approved by those to whom the consecration pertains, we judge to be false: because those who are ordained in such a way do not enter through the door — that is, through Christ — but, as the very Truth testifies, are thieves and robbers.

14. Since therefore simony is noted in this chapter in a threefold way, it must be seen in how many ways the price in this heresy is given. Blessed Gregory expounds this in his treatise on the Gospels, homily 4, at the end, saying:

¶On the manifold kinds of simoniacs.

There are some who indeed do not accept money-rewards for ordination, and yet bestow holy orders for human favor, and from that same largesse seek only the recompense of praise. ¶These indeed do not bestow freely what has been freely received: because for the holy office bestowed they demand the coin of favor. Whence rightly, when the prophet was describing the just man, he says: [Who shakes his hands from every gift]. For he does not say “who shakes his hands from a gift,” but added “from every”: because the gift from service is one thing, the gift from the hand another, the gift from the tongue another. The gift from service indeed is subjection improperly bestowed. The gift from the hand is money. The gift from the tongue is favor. He, therefore, who bestows holy orders, then shakes his hands from every gift, when in divine matters he requires not only no money, but not even human favor.

The same, in the register.

¶He shall find eternal damnation, who by any gift whatever approaches holy orders.

If anyone, neither distinguished by holy character, nor called by clergy and people, nor compelled by their insistence, impu-

a. ¶Intention. Therefore without that intention there is no simony: otherwise, however [?].

b. ¶Thieves. Since therefore a simoniac is compared to a thief, it seems that no one can dispense with a simoniac, unless he has wrongly received [the thing], as 7. ead. si quis neque. & 7. ead. erga. & extra ea. nobis. If “si quia” — nor will I have purged the vice of theft — let it return into the Lord’s power, as 14. q. 6. si res aliena. This could be sufficiently conceded: and it could be said that a simoniac would not even receive the character: because a simoniac must renounce the thing he has obtained by vice. It is clear that he would not renounce the execution, because he never had the execution; and to the character also he cannot renounce. Whence it seems sufficiently true that he did not receive the character: unless you wish to say that he received possession of the character, just as a thief is said to have a stolen thing — that is, possession of the thing. Yet it is more credible that one say that he has the character, and that the Pope can dispense with him even though he does not renounce, for even the final [stage] of theft can be purged by the thing in the thief’s possession being lost — si fur. in prin. the same seems to hold in a violent detainer, as ff. de preca. certe. § Iulianus 1.

SINCE THEREFORE. This is the 14th part of the question, in which [?]

c. ¶They accept. Extra de si. & si quaestiones.

d. ¶Was describing. That which follows is not in Isaiah, but in the psalm: “Judge me, O Lord,” to himself, “in whose hands.”

e. ¶From service. Thus it seems that I should not serve for the sake of a benefice, as here and 7. par. ar. contra. 12. q. 2. quicunque suffragio. & c. charitate. & de cle. non resi. de cetero. Yet one may also hope for or aspire to dignities, as 74. dist. consuluit. 61. dist. quod proderit. & extra de pac. cum pridem. Sol.: H. says, if he directly has his mind on this when he serves, he is a simoniac, as 8. q. 1. sunt quidam. But you should say that if he is worthy, and renders worthy service, he is not a simoniac, as here and extra de cle. non re. si de cetero: otherwise, if he is unworthy, or unworthy [and] serves worthily, he is a simoniac: and this not only when undue service is rendered, and although a worthy man may serve, yet this cannot be reduced to an agreement: for that is simoniacal, extra de pac. pactiones. He shall therefore give no gift except such as he would have given otherwise on account of some necessity, as extra ea. & si quaestiones, or unless he gives some present, as ff. de of. procon. l. solent. § vel. or unless he gives it as alms at the temple’s offering box, as sup. ead. iudices.

f. ¶From every. That he might include all particulars and singulars. 5. 19. dist. si Romanorum. § 7. 14. q. 3. putat. inf. e. q. 3. salvator. 3. 31. q. 1. qui si dormierit 2. Note that he says “undue”: for if it is duly bestowed, it is not so, as 7. ea. q. 3. salvator. And Bazianus expounds “undue”: either an undue worthy man, or a duly unworthy man, serves for the benefice — otherwise not, argument insti. de societare. § de illa.

g. ¶Favor. 7. 24. dist. quando.

IF ANYONE. CASUS. If anyone has received an order or an ecclesiastical dignity through simoniac depravity, unless he leaves it in life and finally repents, he will perish forever. The following chapter is plain and self-evident.

h. ¶Called. And also, although he be very worthy, with unbridled rashness, but with trembling deliberation [he should undertake] the burden of the priesthood [?]

dently seizes the priesthood of Christ, already polluted with any crime, by the unjust love of his heart, or by the sordid entreaties of his mouth, whether by attendance, or manual service, or fraudulent little gift, has received the episcopal or sacerdotal dignity not for the gain of souls but supported by the avarice of vain glory, and has not voluntarily abandoned it in his life, and unexpected death does not find him repentant — without doubt he will perish forever.

α. ¶Unexpected. In some old codices of Gratian one reads “harsh death without penitence.”

a. ¶Love. From this gather that every man is a simoniac who, led by love, confers a benefice on someone unworthy: argument extra de simo. nemo. For when the favor of a third party introduces too great a favor, much more that of the very person who is being ordained. Or take this in this sense, that this understanding ceases — “by the unjust love of his heart,” that is, by cupidity and ambition.

b. ¶Attendance. That is, service.

c. ¶Fraudulent. A gift is fraudulent when one says that he had wished to give this to him otherwise, as extra ead. & si quaestiones. Or when one party says he had incurred expenses, and asks that these be repaid from the benefice, as extra de pact. cum pridem.

d. ¶Not voluntarily. The same applies to any crime: but this is said for the sake of terror. And note that he says “voluntarily”: because if he were compelled to leave the order of law, then unless done voluntarily, it does not avail for salvation.

e. ¶Death. From this (as I said) in any crime penance does not avail for salvation, unless he perseveres in mind to the end. de pe. distin. 1. § his autem. ver. item illud. Joannes. And though for all other crimes one may do penance while retaining the order, as 82. dist. presbyter. 50. dist. de his. — here not, unless he renounces the order. extra de si. tanta. Whence it does not seem that admonition or denunciation has any place here. Argument to the contrary 7. q. ult. c. patet. dic ut extra de accusatio. upon these.

Hence the same Gregory writes to John, bishop of the Corinthians, bk. 4, epist. 55, or c. 99.

¶For ordinations let nothing whatsoever be accepted.

We have forbidden under strict interdict to accept anything for ordinations. It is therefore necessary that, neither for advantage, nor through favor, nor through certain persons’ supplication, you should consent or permit anyone to be brought to holy orders.

¶On ordinations. ¶Supplication.] 7. e. latorem. Contra: where the Pope, at the supplication of certain persons, ordains someone. But distinguish: either someone asks for himself, or another for him, as 7. ea. ordinationes. 8. q. 1. § hi. Or say: there the case is of carnal entreaty, here of spiritual.

Likewise to all the bishops constituted throughout the province of Hellas, same book, epist. 56 or c. 100.

¶Let none approach holy orders by price, by entreaty, by favor, or by supplication.

From the report of certain persons I have learned that in those parts no one comes to a holy order without the giving of an advantage. If this is so, weeping I say, groaning I announce, that since the sacerdotal order has fallen within, it will not be able to stand long outside either. ¶For we know from the Gospel what our Redeemer did by himself: that, entering the temple, he overturned the seats of those selling doves. To sell doves indeed is to receive temporal advantage for the Holy Spirit (whom God Almighty, consubstantial with himself, bestows upon men through the laying on of hands). From which, as I have said, it is suggested what follows: that those who presumed to sell doves in the temple of God — God being judge — their seats have fallen. ¶Which error indeed is propagated with increase among subjects. For he himself, who is brought to a holy order, already corrupted in the very root of his advancement, is the more ready to sell to others what he bought. And where is what is written? [Freely you have re-

¶From the report of certain persons. CASUS. It is said here that holy orders or ecclesiastical grades obtained not freely but by the giving of an advantage cannot stand long: since, sprung up within through consecration, they now fall. Second, because the Lord overturned the seats of those selling doves from the temple. Third, because they are more ready to sell to others what they bought. Fourth, because their heresy in the primitive Church was condemned. The second reason is ?

f. ¶Of certain persons. First Gregory says he is grieved that in those parts no one is promoted to a holy order without the giving of an advantage. Second, that from the authority of the Lord he himself the simoniac is rightly to be ?

g. ¶Stand. As to that in which it never stood, even as to execution. Argument ff. de coll. pecu. id quod. ar. 3. 12. q. 2. Moyses.

i. ¶Their. And thus simoniacs and hidden persons are suspended: yet they are not to be shunned, according to some, since simony cannot be proved in them. Hear extra de simo. tanta. & sup. ead. reperiuntur.

k. ¶More ready. What the new jar takes in, when grown old, it tastes of. A jar will long preserve the smell with which it was once steeped when fresh and it is so. si i auth. ut iud. sine quoquo suf. § 1. coll. 2. where it is said ?

ceived, freely give.] And since the simoniacal heresy first arose against the holy Church; why is it not weighed, why is it not seen, that he whom anyone ordains at a price, by advancing him, brings it about that he becomes a heretic? Therefore we exhort you that none of you should permit this to be done again: nor should anyone, for the favor or supplication of any person, dare to promote anyone to holy orders, unless the quality of his life and conduct shows him to be worthy. For if we again perceive otherwise done, you shall know that it will be restrained by strict and canonical vengeance.

Likewise Symmachus to Caesarius, epist. 1, c. 5.

¶Let no one approach to the episcopal honor by ambition.

Let no one therefore be permitted to approach to the episcopal honor through ambition. For when this excess is blamed in lay conversation, who doubts but that it inflicts disgrace upon religious persons and those serving God?

Likewise Gregory to bishop Adeodatus, bk. 2, indict. 11, epist. 48.

¶On the same.

Therefore be especially solicitous in ordination, and admit by no means to holy orders any but those advanced in age and clean in work; lest perhaps they cease to be forever what they hasten to be prematurely. For of those who are to be placed in holy orders, first examine their life and morals: and that you may be able to bring worthy persons to this office, let no power or supplication of any persons creep up on us. Above all you must be cautious, that no venality may arise in ordination: lest (which God forbid) greater peril threaten both the ordained and the ordainers. Whenever therefore it is necessary to deal with these matters, take grave and experienced men as participants in your counsels, and weigh this with them by common deliberation.

¶This chapter has been enriched from the original in two places, where it seemed expedient.

The same to bishop Columbus, bk. 2, indict. 11, epist. 47.

¶Let no one be promoted to holy orders by favor or venality.

Boys are by no means to be admitted to holy orders; lest they fall the more dangerously, the more quickly they have ascen-

a. ¶And of action. Here argue that carnal entreaties on behalf of a worthy man constitute simony; otherwise as to money or service: because they tend to intervene in the place of a price. The price is that the giver should pass through several hands, etc.

b. ¶Boys. Boys are those within their fourteenth year of age, and according to c. indecorum, or boys, i.e. neophytes 1. 41. dist. just like a neophyte.

¶Of any one. ¶Blamed.] And punished with a penalty of a hundred gold pieces: and infamy is imposed upon him who pre-eminently exercises a dignity. ff. ad leg. Iul. de ambitu. l. 1. & infra. q. 7. sancimus. Argument 5. ff. de offi. praeto. Barbarius. fed solvetur, inf. 9. 6. sicut is.

c. ¶Religious persons. That is, clerics. And by this is explicitly understood that chapter 10. q. 3. praesens. in si. Argument that to confer a higher grade is to commit [a fault], as inf. 11. q. 3. praecipue. arg. inf. 25. q. 1. nulli. & 1. qo. 2. illud quidem.

¶Be. CASUS. Gregory here commands that bishops promote those clean in body, and advanced in age, and commended by their morals: nor should any power or supplication prevail, but rather the merits of the persons.

d. ¶Grave. Sup. 24. dist. quando.

¶Boys to holy orders. CASUS. It is said here that boys are not to be promoted prematurely to holy orders. Likewise he says that by venality, or power, or supplication, or favor, no unworthy person should be promoted. The following § with the following chapter makes it clear.

e. ¶Boys. Boys are those within their fourteenth year of age, and according to c. indecorum, or boys, i.e. neophytes 1. 41. dist. just like a neophyte.

f. ¶To holy orders. For minors before the fourteenth year may well receive them, although not all, and so let 77. dist. c. 3. be understood, because not the acolytate. 77. dist. in singulis. Yet if a boy is ordained in holy orders, he certainly receives the character, accor- [?]

g. ¶The more quickly. Sup. dist. 48. sicut. For he calls it a case [?] as. etc. Gerendorum. For the faculty of honors is not promiscuous. Not [?]

(Continuing canon C. CXX from p. 525.)

The bearer of the present [letter], our and your son [?], your love has presented to us, suggesting how he desires to advance in the ecclesiastical order, urging that we too should aid him by some intercession. For you have commanded that we should cause our son [?], who is with us in the order of the diaconate, to be promoted to the priesthood. But since for fulfilling this he does not have what must be given, nor ought we to receive what must be given: he himself is altogether grieved, but we cannot do this.

ADDITION.

In the manuscript copies and in the Lyons edition this chapter is not found.

Likewise Symmachus pope, in the Roman synod, c. 1.

It does not therefore seem unbecoming if a price is offered for the acquiring of a dignity: those who desire to attain to the power of ordaining stand in need of no recommendations, but their own probity of morals suffices for them.

Likewise from the Eleventh Council of Toledo, c. 8.

If any of the bishops, presbyters, or deacons, or whoever of the clergy, has given money to anyone in order to obtain a grade: let him, condemned as by the calumny of Giezi and Simon Magus, fall from his own grade, and be made a stranger to every ecclesiastical order.

That ecclesiastical dignity is by no means to be obtained at a price, we are taught by many statutes of the sacred canons and the holy Fathers. But since divine law itself utterly forbids this to be done, we also decree by human law that a crime of this kind must be restrained.

The Emperor Justinian in the Authent. ut Iudices sine quoquo suff. §. iuramus.

We swear by Almighty God, and by his only-begotten Son our Lord Jesus Christ, and by the Holy Spirit, and by the holy glorious Mother of God and ever-Virgin Mary, and by the four Gospels, which we hold in our hands, and by the holy archangels Michael and Gabriel: that we will keep a pure conscience and sincere hands, and will give every effort —

a. ¶The bearer. Or by the intercession of the peace of the Church. Argument infra 11. q. 3. illud.

¶By intercession. As if he said: if he commends by exhorting, and not by reason and work, this does not displease.

b. ¶To advance. That is, to be promoted in a holy order.

ADDITION.

¶Son. CASUS. You have commanded us that we should promote a certain son from the diaconate to the priesthood. It is our duty [to say] that he ought not be promoted, because he does not have what he ought to bestow, and we ought not to accept. Therefore both he is grieved, and we cannot fulfill your command.

c. ¶You have commanded. These words show simony as to the thing given: for he was seeking to receive something for the promotion [?].

d. ¶Does not have. As if he said: that he himself cannot [do], nor we receive it.

¶Not therefore. CASUS. Here Symmachus says it is not unbecoming if a price is offered for the obtaining of a dignity, that you may understand [this] not otherwise than by the intercession of the peace of the Church: otherwise the whole preceding series would contradict. Indeed neither does it befit such persons to offer a price, who by their own merits attain to those dignities.

e. ¶Of those to be ordained. Namely [?] those who [?] are worthy.

¶If any of the bishops. CASUS. In this chapter it is said that whoever has given money for obtaining an ecclesiastical order, let him be deprived of the order which he has, and be judged unworthy of all other ecclesiastical orders.

¶We swear. CASUS. Here the Emperor Justinian speaks of secular judges who, corrupted by bribes, deliver unjust sentences; which according to the canons is simony. Therefore he commands that they should accept nothing at all from those whose cases they judge: but should have an annual salary from the public treasury, and from this sustain themselves. Which law can be applied to ecclesiastical judges, who ought not to receive anything for judgment.

(Continuing canon C. CXXIII from p. 526.)

— that we will receive absolutely nothing for judging from those whose cases we judge; neither from the parties, nor from those who rejoice in their own administration: neither taking ourselves, nor through an interposed person, nor by any contrivance: content with what is given to us by our sacred treasury, receiving sufficiently for our labor: so that none of our subjects, whose cases we have examined, may sustain any burden on the occasion of judgment: but so acting let us spend the present life as those about to bring back the sentence of a greater Judge.

See same title, l. cum venalem and §. tantum. l. iurare. ff. de albo scrib. l. 1.

§. 15. By this law also Justinian forbids that anything be received for judgment by judges: but on this account the crime of extortion is incurred, and the accused must purge himself of the suspicion of this kind. He establishes almost the same in the following chapter, in which he forbids that anything be received for the power of judging.

From Justinian’s Code, de iudiciis, l. nullus.

Let no judge whatsoever demand or take from litigants a price or reward by occasion of his jurisdiction. Since the license of judging ought to be not venal, but gratuitous: let him know that whoever acts against this is to be perpetually condemned with ecclesiastical or secular infamy.

See same title of the Code, l. quicunque, and the following law, and in the Authent. de mandatis Principum. §. illud.

Likewise from the Code, de calumniatoribus, l. ne calumniis.

But he who does the aforesaid things on account of calumnies or false testimonies is a sacrilegious person: for he incurs the crime of falsehood: and all those convicted of such a crime fall from the grades of their dignities and honors.

The same Emperor, in the Code, de poena iudicum qui male iudicaverunt.

Those are properly sacrilegious who, imitating the false flattery or calumny of the populace, or in any other way, oppress against the law those justly condemned: or strike down the innocent by treachery: and likewise those who by usage and law of the people are prohibited from hearing laws, or are prohibited from being a judge or from acting as advocate, and nevertheless judging, advocating, being approached [as advocate], we order to be infamous.

See l. 1. ff. de proxim. sacri scrin. & l. nemo iudicum. C. de poena iudicum male iudic. & ff. de calumn. & ff. de his qui not. inf.

a. ¶We judge. Today, however, something is lawful to accept, such as fees, food, and the like — a moderate amount indeed.

¶Whose cases we judge. Argument that salaries for cases being judged are given from the public treasury, not from private litigants, as here. And infra de iudic. l. cum venalem.

b. ¶By occasion of judgment. That is, from some exaction made by the judge: as because he compelled litigants to give something in order that he might judge. ff. ad l. Iul. repet. l. 1.

c. ¶About to bring back. To bring back is to refer to one’s account: that is, to hold to one’s loss. infra l. prox. 12. q. 2. cum dec.

¶In whom. CASUS. He who, on account of calumny or false testimony, calumniates someone in his own case, or gives something to his own judge, so that — when those rightly judging the debt are infamous — he will also give fourfold what he received, and afterwards in similar cases cannot be usefully heard.

d. ¶About to bring back. From the beginning, after this he swore, and it is done for a year.

e. ¶Venal. Likewise he swears for a year: and this is done by fees and clerks, as [?].

f. ¶Fourfold. To the extent that the triple alone may be, and [along with] the principal sum itself. infra ead. q. si. And this is true when so much is given: but if one were to give it on his behalf, then he will give the whole, as [?] he who gave it claims back the money. If anyone has received such a sum from someone, it shall be given to the treasury: but half to the accuser.

g. ¶Sacrilegious. Not to those who act against this, but to those for whom the Emperor enacted against this, and so upon those judging the penalty of infamy and sacrilege is imposed.

g. ¶From usage. That is, from long custom, or by reason of office [?].

f. ¶But he who. As if he said: these are the sacrilegious who calumniously oppress some in criminal or civil cases, as [?].

g. ¶Infamous. See ff. de his qui notantur. l. 1.

¶They are. CASUS. He who by calumny or flattery liberates the justly condemned, or oppresses the innocent, is sacrilegious: and one who by age, or sex, or infamy, is prohibited from hearing laws, and nevertheless judges, or pleads, or sets himself up as a defender [?] is infamous.

¶Sacrilegious. A sacrilegious person is one who removes sacred things, or violates what is sacred: which is done also if he accepts a price for judgment, because he takes away from judgment itself, which is sacred. ff. ad l. Iul. pec. l. 1.

(Continuing canon C. CXXV from p. 527.)

or who has attempted to snatch anything thence: and likewise those who act contrary to right and the laws, so that contributions may not be paid, or who hinder, or attempt to hinder them — we order them to be excluded from every honor, dignity, and military service, and to be infamous.

From the Code, de iudicibus, l. iubemus.

We command that all judges may be accused whom our highness has placed in charge of any administration: so that, the imperial commands being observed, they may more easily be restrained. We exhort accusers, however, that they should make those guilty of proven crimes defendants not by personal injury, but with their dignity taken from them.

See same title of the Code, l. cum venalem, and ff. ad legem Iul. repet., and ad SC. Turpil., and ad l. Iul. de ambitu.

Likewise from the Code, de assess.

To the administrators, or to whomsoever discharges any offices, we give license to accuse those who in their administrations have stained themselves with venal sentences: nor under the pretext of honor or dignity shall their crimes be left unpunished.

See same title of the Code, & ff. ad l. Iul. de ambitu. & ff. de his qui not. inf.

Likewise from the same title, de assess., bk. 3.

If you think that you have any jurisdiction against a magister militiae [master of the soldiery]: do not be prohibited from summoning him to court in the customary manner: nor should their officials be prohibited from defending their own defenders.

See same title of the Code, l. 1. and l. seq.

a. ¶We command. If according to this law all judges can be accused, much more ecclesiastical judges: or not, because it is a lesser dignity, as infra eod. q. omnes.

¶We command all. CASUS. The Emperor commands that all judges, even of the higher dignity, can be accused: and this that the rumor of their wickedness may come to them. Yet he does not wish that such be deprived of their honor [?].

b. ¶Whom. He says this for this reason, that even higher judges might be accused. Argument de off. praet. de praef. praet. ff. de adv. de divers. iudic. ff. de offic. praef. praet. l. 1. & ext. de cohaer.

c. ¶We exhort. Perhaps he tempers his speech, lest he seem to order someone unwilling to accuse. C. ut nemo invitus. in rubro & nigro.

d. ¶Administrators. If he is such a one whom in jurisdiction [?].

¶As extra de immu. ecc. iter. and c. ult. 17. q. 4. omnes. and the following chapter. Arch.

¶We command. CASUS. It is said in this chapter that if any holder, without administration, who is a decurio or a colonist of the republic, has been shaken down by some judge — that is, burdened in money — likewise if the judge has rendered a venal sentence: or has imposed or remitted a penalty for a price: or has been found wicked by some reason — before the administration or after, he can be accused: and if convicted, he will be removed.

a. ¶We command. To this end he introduces these laws, that he might show that those are to be punished with an equal penalty, who, induced by a price, hinder what by law ought to be done, and those who do what by law ought not to be done.

b. ¶We exhort. Perhaps he tempers his speech, lest he seem to order someone unwilling to accuse. C. ut nemo invitus. in rubro & nigro.

c. ¶Administrators. If he is such a one whom it is lawful to summon in jurisdiction. But to the contrary 2. q. 1. prohibetur. Sol.: that of the higher magistrates; this of the lower. Argument ff. de iniur. nec magistratib. & ff. de in ius voc. l. 2. Or this of the perpetual judge. Argument ff. de re. cred. praesidis. & l. praecedenti. in auth. ut differentes iudices. §. si tamen. col. 9. And this lest his crime remain unavenged. That of the temporal. Or here, when he has sinned in his administration itself [?] committed in administration. auth. ut iud. sine quoquo suff.

d. ¶About to bring back. To bring back, infra l. prox. 12. q. 2. cum dec.

¶In whom. CASUS. He who by calumny calumniates someone in a case, when he was bound by law to act, [shall pay] fourfold; afterwards in similar [?].

e. ¶Useful. From the beginning: afterwards it is done for a year.

f. ¶Fourfold. To the extent that the triple alone may be. §. si. And this is true when so much would be given on his behalf, then he who gave the whole claims back the money. If anyone has received such a sum from someone, it shall be given to the treasury: but half to the accuser. Ad hoc C. de assess. l. 3.

g. ¶Pertains. Not to him who [?].

(Continuing canon C. CXXVIII from p. 528.)

— that our clemency may recognize you as a defender of the innocent: the offices of the masters too ought to assist in defending their ministers.

See the title ff. de iurisdictione omnium iudicum.

PALEA.

If anyone has received anything for an accusation or for a judgment: as a sacrilegious and infamous person, he ought to be deprived of all dignities, honors, and military service.

Likewise from the same title of the Code.

Between those who on account of calumny in judgment are condemned and infamous, and those who without a price justly judging labor under no mark of calumny, there is a great difference: since this one is innocent, that one guilty: this one without crime, that one judged a defendant: [for this one] is not forbidden either to accuse, or to be judged, or to seek to be a judge.

β. ¶In the Pandects there follows the verse, “By this law the condemned are found at the end of this chapter.”

a. ¶Of the innocent. That is, of those who are without fault: or also of those who are accused. Argument infra eod. q. omnes.

¶PALEA.

¶If anyone for an accusation. CASUS. Here it is said that whoever accuses or judges for a price is infamous and sacrilegious, and deprived of every honor.

b. ¶For a judgment. Or for an accusation: and then it is said of a calumniator: or for a judgment, and then it is said of a judge who has accepted a price. ff. de iudic. l. 1. & l. 2. & ff. de calumn. & ff. de his qui not. inf.

¶Among them. CASUS. There is a great difference between those who are condemned for calumny, and those who without a price justly judge: for these are without any crime, but those are judged defendants. And therefore those who without a price have justly judged can accuse, and be promoted to every dignity.

c. ¶Among them. Here the Emperor shows the difference between judges: because some are condemned for calumny; others justly judge: and these indeed can accuse, be judged, and be judges.

d. ¶Who. Namely judges: because, as has been said above, those who have judged for a price are infamous.

e. ¶Whether to accuse. That is, to lawfully perform all judicial acts. ff. de iudic.